Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela

Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City

Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The researchers will implement a quantitative research on this study.

Quantitative research is a phenomenon that can be measured through numerical data

(Aliaga & Gunderson, 2000). This numerical data is an important factor that will

strengthen this study. The researchers inferred that this is the most appropriate design

to use for the reason that the data will come from the customers of the businesses

which are many and numerous. The customers will give empirical knowledge by

observing the performance of the employees through their senses.

This study aims to compare the differences between the two small-scale

businesses. This leads the researcher to use descriptive-comparative design.

Descriptive research is defined as a research method that describes the characteristics

of the population or phenomenon that is being studied (Bhat, n.d.). This research

focuses more in answering the "what" in the research subject, what are the effects of

the two leaderships to the productivity of an employee. This study also compares these

effects. Comparative research essentially compares two groups in an attempt to draw a

conclusion about them (Richardson, 2018). Thus, descriptive-comparative design

compares the differences between variables or group of people.

 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City

The researchers want to determine whether the small-scale business who

implements autocratic leadership and the one who implements laissez-faire leadership

has an effect on the productivity of an employee or both has no any significant

difference at all.

Research Locale

The research will be conducted at six different business establishments that are

located in Valenzuela City. The first one is Papa Froi's Lugawan located at Maysan,

Valenzuela City. It was opened on the last week of June this year and was established

due to the personal reasons of the owner. Originally, Papa Froi's is a RestoBar and Grill

House located at Barangay Paso de Blas, however, since the location is too far from

him, he decided to open a lugawan near him on a vacant lot near the main campus of

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela. Currently, Papa Froi's Lugawan caters 150-

300 customers everyday with 15 working employees.

The next one is Kano's Lugawan located at San Roque, Valenzuela City. It was

established on the 1980's by a businessman who is a pure Filipino but has foreign

features, hence, the name of the lugawan. It is located near the San Roque Church so it

is quite popular, not only to the locals, but also for the people who patronize and visit

the patron of the church for the reason that they tend to eat there after the festivity.

Presently, Kano's Lugawan has 4 employees that accommodates more than 200

customers a day.
 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City

The third one is Buboy's Lugawan, located at Malinta, Valenzuela City. It was

established on the year 2015 and was named after the nickname of the owner of the

business. It is located along McArthur Highway so it is accesible to a lot of people, most

especially, those who pass by along the area. In the present time, a total of 9

employees serves 200-300 customers per day.

Another one is Garry’s Lugawan at Tapsilugan located at Pasolo, Valenzuela

City. It was established on the 14th of February 2008 as a family business to support the

needs of the owner’s family and started as a small business. As the years pass by, their

business started to become well-known and now, a lot of people patronize and swing by

often to eat at their lugawan. Recently, it was reopened in the original location after a

temporary transfer of location due to renovations of their facility and is still operating as

a family business catering 500-800 customers per day, accommodated by 14

employees.

The fifth one is Torres' Lugawan, located at Malinta, Valenzuela City. It was

named after the owner of the business and was established 2017. It is accesible to the

public for the reason that it is located at McArthur Highway and at the same time, it

encompasses the Maysan Rd.. Currently, they have 8 employees that serves 200-300

customers a day.

Lastly, DCarts Lugawan located at Malinta, Valenzuela City was first established

on 2014. This year, they opened another branch in the same area that caters 150-200

customers a day with 11 working employees. Before, the owner sells rice porridge using
 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City

a motor, just like a kariton, thus, the name of the lugawan. It is located near the schools

and institutions for the reason that their main target customers are students considering

their budget-friendly menu. Currently, D’Carts Lugawan have two branches in

Valenzuela that are both accessible to the public.

These businesses are chosen for the reason that they employ opposite

leadership styles that are needed for the study. The first three businesses employs

autocratic leadership style while on the other hand, the remaining three employs

laissez-faire leadership style.

Sample and Sampling Technique

The researcher employed non-probability sampling defined by Fowler (2002), as

cited by Ayhan (2005) that uses subjective judgment and utilizes convenient selection of

units from population. In other hands the researchers have the authority to selects a

chosen respondents that can help the entire research in gathering important data.

Under the non-probability sampling, the researcher used purposive sampling technique

defined by Adler & Clark (2008, p. 121) which is a method of sampling where the

researcher selects sampling units based on his or her judgment of what units will

facilitate an investigation. They only choose people who has an ability to provide

necessary data. This means the researchers is searching for particular data through the

knowledge of customers or their feedbacks about on the performance of the employees

inside the fast food chain they work. Researchers also assume universal sampling

technique as a way in determining who will become the respondents among the chosen

population that has a capability to give and suggest more relevant information to the
 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City

study. In addition to that, according to Richard & Margaret (1990) as cited by Kabera

(2009) universal sampling refers to the selection of sample where not all the people in

the population have the same profitability of being included in the sample and each one

of them, the probability of being selected is unknown.

Instrumentation

The instrument used by the researchers is a researcher-made questionnaire to

assess the productivity of an employee. It is a checklist survey-questionnaire that will be

answered by the customers of the business that employs autocratic and laissez-faire

leadership style. Surveying is a way where researchers gather data through a

questionnare(O' Leary,2014). On the other hand, A questionnaire is essentially a

structured technique for collecting primary data. It is generally a series of written

questions for which the respondents has to provide the answers (Bell 1999). Thus, a

survey-questionnaire is a structured set of questions primarily used to gather data and

information. The provided questions are made on the point of view of the customers and

it will be answered based on their observations on the productivity of the employees in

the business. The research-made questionnaire consists of 20 statements, 10 positive

and 10 negative statements. The questionnaire will use likert scale to determine the

level of agreement of the customer. According to Statistics how to (2015), likert scale is

a type of rating scale used to measure attitudes or opinions wherein respondents will be

answering items in the level of their agreement. The questions are inside the table and

there are 4 column heads that correspond with (1) strongly disagree, (2) disagree, (3)

agree and (4) strongly agree.

 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City

Statistical Treatment

Descriptive statistics is the use of statistics to organize and present data in a

study in an informative way that describes the basic features of the data and creates

analysis (Oxford Dictionary, n.d.). This implies that descriptive statistics summarizes

and interprets the sample size. This research will use weighted mean to get the average

weight of the outcome (CFI, n.d.). Thus, the researchers will use Average Weighted

Mean statistical treatment to interpret the data effectively.

f 1 w 1+ f 2 w 2+ f 3 w 3+…+ fnwn
N=
n

Where:

N= Weighted Mean f= frequency of nth

W = weighted item of nth n= total frequency

Data Gathering Procedure

 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City

Formulation of Survey-
Questionnaire and Distribution of the
Validation of the Questionnaire to the
Questionnaire from the Respondents
Research Consultant

Interpretation and
Summary and
Analysis of the
Conclusion of the Data
Gathered Data

Figure 2.

The data gathering procedure is one of the most vital part of the study for the

reason that this part contains the instructions and guidelines that the researchers will

follow in order to execute the methods of obtaining and interpreting the data excellently.

The researchers will develop the survey questionnaire first in accordance to the

statement of the problem of the research. The set of questions that will going to make

consists of positive and negative statements that will identify the effects of leadership

styles to employees’ productivity. Next, the researchers will consult the questionnaire to

their research consultant and will ask for her validation.

After the research consultant finalize the survey-questionnaire, the researchers

will ask permission to the supervisors of different lugawan here in Valenzuela before

distributing the instrument to the respective respondents; thirty employees for autocratic

leadership styles and another thirty employees for laissez-faire leadership style. After
 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City

asking for permission, the researcher will explain the overview of the study that is being

conducted. To answer the questionnaire, the researcher will give them enough time to

answer all the questions that is related to the study of the researchers.

Next, the researchers will analyze and interpret the gathered responses from the

respondents without any manipulation of the data. Through the use statistical treatment,

the researchers will determine the positive and negative effects of each leadership style

to employees’ productivity.

Lastly, the researchers will provide a conclusion of the results and their analysis

and interpretation of the data. In addition, the researchers will identify which among

leadership style is more effective to implement by the supervisor. This process can be

viewed as a manifestation on the effects of leadership style to employees’ productivity.

The results of the study will be hopefully beneficial to the managers and supervisors in

deciding which kind of leadership style he will employ to achieve success in the

organization.

Survey-Questionnaire

Name (Optional): Age:

Direction: On the scale of 1 to 4, put a check () on the box that corresponds to your

answer. Honest and truthful answers are expected by the researchers.

 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City

4 3 2 1
Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly
Agree Disagree
1. I am attentive and mindful
when it comes to my job.
2. My attitude can affect the
relationship of my customers
with me.
3. I'm not cleaning the table or
place immediately after the
customers leave.
4. I am approachable especially
when the customer is
dissatisfied with my service.
5. I do not considered the
feedbacks of the customers as
long as I am doing my job.
6. I have enough knowledge
when you asked me about the
product we sell.
7. I have poor services that's
why customers are not satisfied.
8. Our customers does not wait
too long because of the fast
service.
. 9. I do not engaged myself with
the customers.
10. I care about the cleanliness
of our store, we clean as the
customer go out of the store.
11. I do not listen very carefully
to the customers.

12. I am busy so i don't have so

 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City

much time to talk and

communicate with the
customers.
13. I have the skill that is aligned
with my job that results with
good outcome.
14. I speak clearly and patient in
getting the customer's order.

15. I have background about my

job that will result to a good
performance.
16. I have limited time to do
different things like getting
orders or cleaning the table.
17. I am not friendly.
18. I enjoy interacting with my
customers.

19. I give importance with the

relationship of my customers.

20. I do not greet customers

who are coming.
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela
Tongco St., Maysan, Valenzuela City