EW - 1 Calculation of Short Circuit Current For Equipment Evaluation EW-1.1 Generating Plant Single Line Diagram

ATTACHMENT FOR PES-DDD-2021-
Subject: PROPOSAL TO INSTALL GENERATOR CIRCUIT BREAKER FOR PULANGI IV HEPP

(RE: VALIDATION OF PROPOSED GENERATOR CIRCUIT BREAKER SHORT CIRCUIT RATING)
Date: 16 December 2020
EW - 1 CALCULATION OF SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT FOR EQUIPMENT EVALUATION
EW-1.1 Generating Plant Single Line Diagram
Figure 1: Single Line Diagram
Figure 1 shows the existing single line diagram of Pulangi IV HEP. This arrangement is called
a “unit generator-transformer configuration” where the generator and its associated
transformer (unit transformer) are connected as a unit to the system without circuit breakers in
between. Pulangi IV HEP is planning to install new MV-GCB in between unit generator and
transformer for unit no 1 & 2 which they can use for immediate control and protection of
generators see Figure 2
Figure 2: Single Line Diagram
Figure 2 reflected the proposed new rating of unit transformer which is 100MVA and will be
used in the succeeding calculation. In addition, the upcoming Agus-Pulangi Rehabilitation
Page 1 of 11
project will include the 138kV isolation breakers for complete plant isolation and compliance to
the requirements of the Philippine Grid Code
EW-1.2 EQUIPMENT (MV-GCB) RATING EVALUATION
Pulangi IV HEP already submitted the proposed short circuit current ratings of the MV-GCB.
The requested TOR was already completed and transmitted to the end-user dated 30
September 2020 together with our proposal that the new 138kV isolation breakers to be
included in the Agus-Pulangi Rehab which will likewise be installed near the proximity of the
power house which can provide the needed control & protection of the plant. Considering the
installation of the proposed circuit breakers, please be informed that PES-DDD pose no
objection since GCBs in between unit generator and transformer do exist in actual
However, in support to your plan to make the plant more efficient and reliable, PES-DDD
would like to provide you some calculation to validate if the rating of the proposed GCB is
sufficient enough to handle the short circuit currents which may occur at the point of GCB’s
installation
EW-1.2.1 Equipment parameters
Utility Short Circuit Contribution:
Bus ID : 138kV NGCP-Maramag SS

Base voltage : 138kV
MVA3PH-SC : 2227.151*
XR ratio : 7.8*
*Taken from NGCP (due to continuous increase of SC level in the power system, this data should be updated to
reflect the actual contribution of the utility to the fault point)
Generator Data:
Capacity : 85MW / 94MVA

Rated voltage : 13.8kV
Rated PF : 90%
X”dv (saturated) : 0.1203
XR ratio : 86.70
Since there are no immediate available data of the generator reactance and X/R value, the
generator sub-transient direct-axis reactance (saturated) and X/R ratio are calculated using
the curve fitting equations as shown below from the book of Conrad St Pierre, A Practical
Guide to Short Circuit Calculation
%X”dv = 9.5+0.0523Log (MVA) + 0.62359(Log (MVA)) 2

X/R = -465.9535+423.1044Log10(kVA)-123.2087(Log10(kVA))2+12.1606(Log10(kVA))3
Page 2 of 11
Unit Power Transformer Data:
Rating : 100MVA
Rated voltage (P/S) : 13.8/138kV
Rated impedance : 12% (typical)
XR ratio : 30 (typical)
EW-1.2.2 Changing equipment per unit values based on 100MVA common base power
Utility:
Θ = Tan-1 (X/R)
Θ = Tan-1 (7.8) = 82.6942°
ZUTI = MVABASE / MVA3P-SC
ZUTI = 100MVA / 2227.151 = 0.0449 ∟82.6942°PU
Unit Power Transformer:
Θ = Tan-1 (X/R)
Θ = Tan-1 (30) = 88.0908°
ZTR = Z x MVABASE / MVATR
ZTR = 0.1200 x 100MVA / 100MVA = 0.1200 ∟88.0908°PU
Generator:
Θ = Tan-1 (X/R)
Θ = Tan-1 (86.70) = 89.3392°
ZGEN = Z (X”dv) x MVABASE / MVAGEN
ZGEN = 0.1203 x 100MVA / 94MVA = 0.1280 ∟89.3392°PU
Table 1: Summary of Per-Unit Impedances

ID Impedance subscript Z R jX
Utility UTI 0.0449 ∟82.6942° 0.0057 0.0445
Unit PTR TR 0.1200 ∟88.0908° 0.0040 0.1199
Generator GEN 0.1280 ∟89.3392° 0.0015 0.1280
EW-1.2.3 Calculation of circuit breaker short circuit ratings
When calculating interrupting duties of circuit breakers to be compared with the rating of the
actual equipment, three basic networks of selected impedances are used. The three basic
networks have the same basic elements except for the impedances of rotating machines.
a. First cycle duties for low, medium and high voltage fuses and circuit breakers
b. Contact parting (interrupting) duties* for medium and high voltage circuit breakers
c. Short circuit currents at operating times (30 cycles) for time delayed relaying devices
Page 3 of 11
For the purpose of calculation short circuit rating of circuit breakers, item c will not be
considered in the calculation. For first cycle and interrupting currents, multiplying factors as
shown in Table 2 shall be applied to rotating machines reactance. For utility, although not
specifically shown in Table 2, its sub-transient reactance is the same for first cycle and
interrupting currents calculations. Likewise, the “E/X” method will be used, as compared with
the “E/Z” method, since it will give conservative result for high voltage calculation. Likewise,
the equivalent fault point X/R ratio will be calculated using the separate “R” & “X” reduction
network diagram for more conservative result
Table 2: Multiplying factor for calculation of first cycle and interrupting currents
For simplification and for the purpose of equipment evaluation, only the bolted three phase
fault will be considered due to the assumption that this establishes the “worst case” condition
that results in maximum thermal and mechanical stress in the system though the occurrence
of this fault is very little with about 2%-3% only.
a. Calculation of close & latch duty (rated short circuit making current)
Table 3: Multiplying factor for first cycle currents

Multiplying factor for Calculated reactance Adjusted reactance
ID
first cycle fault current value value
Utility 1 0.0445 0.0445
Unit PTR - 0.1199 0.1199
Generator 1 0.1280 0.1280
 General equation for 3-ph short circuit current:

Page 4 of 11
I3P = VPU x IBASE / XTH

Where:
I3P = 3-ph fault current, ASYMMETRICAL RMS
VPU = Pre fault driving voltage in PU (usually 1.0)
XTH = Thevenin equivalent system reactance at the fault point in PU
IBASE = Base current (4183.6976A @ 13.8kV side)
 First cycle 3-ph fault current at fault point “F1”
Refer to Figure 3;
RTH = RGEN // RTR+RUTI
RTH = 0.0015 // 0.0040+0.0057
RTH = 0.0013 PU
XTH = XGEN // XTR+XUTI
XTH = 0.1280 // 0.1199+0.0445
XTH = 0.0720 PU
I3P = 1.0 x 4183.6976A / 0.0720 PU

I3P = 58,106.9111 A SYMMETRICAL RMS
Fault point X/R ratio;

X/R = 0.0720 / 0.0013 = 55.3846
 Close & latch duty equation:
ICL (ASYM) = I3P (SYM) x √2 (1+e-2Πτ/XR)
Where:
I3P = First cycle 3-ph fault current, ASYMMETRICAL RMS
τ = 0.49 – 0.1e-XR/3
X/R = Fault point X/R ratio
 Close & latch duty for MV-GCB
If I3P = 58,106.9111 A; X/R = 55.3846; τ = 0.490
Then;
√2 (1+e-2Πτ/XR) = 2.7520
Therefore;
ICL = 58,106.9111A x 2.7520
ICL = 159,910.2193 A PEAK
b. Calculation of interrupting duty (rated short circuit breaking current)
Page 5 of 11
The interrupting current or the 1.5~5 cycle current after the first cycle of the fault is the time
when the circuit breaker start to open. From sub-transient to transient state a multiplying
factor are also necessary to determine the proper reactance to be used when calculating
interrupting duty to compare with the circuit breaker actual nameplate rating. From above
table 2;
Table 4: Multiplying factor for 1.5~5 cycle currents

Multiplying factor for 1.5~5 Calculated Adjusted reactance
ID
cycle fault current reactance value value
Utility 1 0.0445 0.0445
Unit PTR - 0.1199 0.1199
Generator 1 0.1280 0.1280
By inspection, both first and 1.5~5 cycle reactance values are the same after applying
corresponding multiplying factors, thus, repeating previous calculations yields to same
values of short circuit current;
First cycle = 1.5~5 cycle 3-ph fault current at fault point “F1”
1.5~5 cycle 3-ph fault current = 58,106.9111 A SYMMETRICAL RMS

Fault point X/R ratio = 55.3846
As compared with the calculation made for close & latch duty, the calculation of
interrupting duty is quite longer due to consideration of No AC Decay (NACD) and
classification whether the generator fault contribution is “local” or “remote”
General equation:
IINT = I3P x MFINT
Where:
I3P = 1.5~5 cycle 3-ph fault current, ASYMMETRICAL RMS
Page 6 of 11
MFINT = MFLOCAL + NACD (MFREMOTE-MFLOCAL)
Classification of generator contribution if “local” or “remote” source:
If IG / IT ≥ 40%, then the generator is considered as “local”. If this is not the case, the
generator is classified as “remote” for the given fault location. As for the utility (e.g. NGCP),
it is always considered as a “remote” source
MFLOCAL is determined using the graph below (taken from IEEE Std C37.010-2016 for 3-ph
fault);
Figure 5
 Interrupting duty of MV-GCB
At fault point “F1”, classify the generator if “local” or “remote” source
If;
IG = Branch fault contribution of the generator at the fault point “F1”
= 32,685.1375 A
IT = Total fault current at the generator terminal only
= 32,685.1375 A
IG / IT = 100%, therefore, generator is considered “local” source
By inspection, fault contributions going to fault point “F1” are coming from both local
and remote (utility) source, thus;
Calculate NACD:
Page 7 of 11
ITOTAL (sym) = IREMOTE + ILOCAL = 58,106.9111 A
IREMOTE (sym) = Fault contribution from the utility up to the fault point “F1”
IREMOTE (sym) = 25,448.2822 A
NACD = 25,448.2822 A / 58,106.9111 A

NACD = 0.4380
Calculate local multiplying factor (MFLOCAL)

If X/R = 55.3846, then;
Figure 6: Multiplying Factor (MFLOCAL)
MFLOCAL = 1.15
Calculate remote multiplying factor (MFREMOTE);
MFREMOTE = √ (1+2e-4ΠC/XR) / S factor
Where:
C = contact parting time in cycle
S = S factor (asymmetry factor based on standard test X/R ratio = 17)
X/R = Fault point X/R ratio
Table 5: Standard Circuit Breaker Interrupting Cycle & S-Factor

Circuit breaker interrupting Contact parting time in S-factor
Page 8 of 11
time in cycles cycle

8 4 1
5 3 1.1
3 2 1.2
2 1.5 1.3
Using circuit breaker with 5 cycle interrupting time;
Therefore;
MFREMOTE = 1.2897
Thus;
MFINT = MFLOCAL + NACD (MFREMOTE-MFLOCAL)
MFINT = 1.15 + 0.4380 (1.2897-1.15)
MFINT = 1.2111
Therefore;
IINT = 58,106.9111 A x 1.2111
IINT = 70,373.2800 A SYMMETRICAL RMS
c. Summary of circuit breaker short circuit current duty to be compared with the actual
circuit breaker ratings
Table 6: Calculated Circuit Breaker Interrupting Capability

Calculated Adjusted Recommended rating
ID Close & Interrupting multiplier for Close & Interrupting
latch duty duty contingency* latch rating rating
MV-GCB 160 kA 70.3 kA 110% 220 kA1 80 kA1
* Interrupting device short circuit capability must consider contingency factor to account
for calculation accuracy and unforeseen system short circuit capacity increase. For this
purpose, a contingency factor of 110% is use, however, it can be further increase to
125% if found appropriate
1
Recommended ratings are based initially on ABB HECS-80 series for generator circuit
breaker application. Can use GCB with lower rating provided it would not go lower than
the calculated ratings multiply by contingency factor
EW-1.3 Conclusion and Recommendation
Page 9 of 11
The intention of the calculation is to evaluate and provide guidance/recommendation to end-

user on the possible short circuit currents values that the proposed circuit breakers may be
experienced when installed as GCB. The data will also compare with the ratings specified in
the already completed TOR of the said GCB for end-user consideration
Table 7
As per TOR rating Recommended rating
ID Close & latch Interrupting
Close & latch Interrupting
(Making (Breaking
(Making current) (Breaking current)
current) current)
MV-GCB 140 kA 63 kA 220 kA 80 kA
Based on the calculated results, it exceeded the proposed rating of MV-GCB to be procured
and installed even without applying the contingency factor. Note that at the instant of the fault,
the proposed GCB may not be able to withstand and break the magnitude of a 3-ph fault
current which can severely damage the breaker if not properly size, hence, may result to
economic & operational loss to Pulangi IV HEP if not consider
The non-availability and cost implication of using this special type of GCB is one of the
reasons why some large generating plant does not consider to put GCB in between unit
generator and transformer, instead the circuit breakers were installed at the high side to
reduce the magnitude of fault current which also an economic and safety wise. The use of this
special type GCB for retrofitting is quite costly and requires ample space in the power house
which is an added cost to the installation. Nevertheless both original scheme and the proposed
installation of GCB’s have both pros and cons which are beyond the scope of this report to
specify
Sample image and dimension of Generator Circuit Breaker

(Courtesy of ABB HECS)
Page 10 of 11
Elevation
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Page 11 of 11

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ATTACHMENT FOR PES-DDD-2021-

Subject: PROPOSAL TO INSTALL GENERATOR CIRCUIT BREAKER FOR PULANGI IV HEPP

EW - 1 CALCULATION OF SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT FOR EQUIPMENT EVALUATION

EW-1.1 Generating Plant Single Line Diagram

Figure 1: Single Line Diagram

Figure 2: Single Line Diagram

EW-1.2 EQUIPMENT (MV-GCB) RATING EVALUATION

EW-1.2.1 Equipment parameters

Utility Short Circuit Contribution:

Bus ID : 138kV NGCP-Maramag SS

Capacity : 85MW / 94MVA

%X”dv = 9.5+0.0523Log (MVA) + 0.62359(Log (MVA)) 2

Unit Power Transformer Data:

Unit Power Transformer:

Table 1: Summary of Per-Unit Impedances

EW-1.2.3 Calculation of circuit breaker short circuit ratings

Table 3: Multiplying factor for first cycle currents

 General equation for 3-ph short circuit current:

I3P = VPU x IBASE / XTH

 First cycle 3-ph fault current at fault point “F1”

I3P = 1.0 x 4183.6976A / 0.0720 PU

Fault point X/R ratio;

 Close & latch duty equation:

ICL (ASYM) = I3P (SYM) x √2 (1+e-2Πτ/XR)

 Close & latch duty for MV-GCB

If I3P = 58,106.9111 A; X/R = 55.3846; τ = 0.490

b. Calculation of interrupting duty (rated short circuit breaking current)

Table 4: Multiplying factor for 1.5~5 cycle currents

1.5~5 cycle 3-ph fault current = 58,106.9111 A SYMMETRICAL RMS

IINT = I3P x MFINT

MFINT = MFLOCAL + NACD (MFREMOTE-MFLOCAL)

Classification of generator contribution if “local” or “remote” source:

 Interrupting duty of MV-GCB

At fault point “F1”, classify the generator if “local” or “remote” source

IG / IT = 100%, therefore, generator is considered “local” source

ITOTAL (sym) = IREMOTE + ILOCAL = 58,106.9111 A

NACD = 25,448.2822 A / 58,106.9111 A

Calculate local multiplying factor (MFLOCAL)

Figure 6: Multiplying Factor (MFLOCAL)

Calculate remote multiplying factor (MFREMOTE);

MFREMOTE = √ (1+2e-4ΠC/XR) / S factor

Table 5: Standard Circuit Breaker Interrupting Cycle & S-Factor

time in cycles cycle

Using circuit breaker with 5 cycle interrupting time;

Table 6: Calculated Circuit Breaker Interrupting Capability

EW-1.3 Conclusion and Recommendation

The intention of the calculation is to evaluate and provide guidance/recommendation to end-

Sample image and dimension of Generator Circuit Breaker

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