Physics 4C0102 Spring 2021 Test 1 Student Name:

Total points: 90
Time allowed: 90 minutes
Instructor: Eva Low

Physical constants:
Universal gas constant R = 8.314 J/kgK.
Boltzman constant kB = 1.38 x 10-23 m2kg/s2K
Avogadro’s number Na = 6.022 x 1023 /mol
Stefan-Boltzman constant σ = 5.67 x10-8 W/m2K4
Specific Heat of Water = 4186 J/kgK
Specific Heat of ice = 2090 J/kgK
Specific Heat of copper = 384 J/kgK
Latent heat of fusion of water = 3.35x10 5 J/kg
Latent heat of vaporization of water = 2.26x10 6 J/kg
Molar mass of helium: 4g
Molar mass of nitrogen: 28g.
1 atm = 101.3 kPa = 14.7 psi
1 psi = 6894. 76 pa
1 liter = 1000 cm3 = 10-3 m3

1. The table below contain thermal properties of various materials. Choose the
material best suited for each task shown below based on their thermal properties
listed in the table. (10 points)
(a) Used together with water as an automotive engine coolant where the operating
temperature can reach over 1000C.
(b) The fluid used in glass thermometer to measure body temperature.
(c) Keys for doors.
(d) The wire filament used in incandescent light bulb where operating
temperature can reach over 30000C.
(e) Substance (in liquid form) used as a coolant for superconductors that has an
operating temperature of -2000C.
Material Melting/ Boiling Phase at Coefficient of Thermal
Freezing point atmospheric Linear/volume conductivity
point (0C) pressure & expansion 0C-1 W/mK
( C)
0 room 2.
temperature
Helium -270 -267 Gas 3.665 x 10-3 0.138
Nitrogen -210 -196 Gas NA 0.0234
Water 0 100 Liquid 2x10-4 0.6
Alcohol -114 78.4 Liquid 1.12 x 10-4 0.17
Mercury -38.83 356.7 Liquid 1.82 x 10-4 8.3
Glycerin -38 290 Liquid 4.85 x 10-4 0.285
Gasoline < -40 50 Liquid 9.6 x 10-4 0.15
Glass 1500 2230 Solid 9 x 10-6 0.8
Brass 930 1100 Solid 18.7x10-6 109
tungsten 3422 5555 Solid 4.3x10-6 164
2 . State “true” or “false” for each of the following statements. (20 points)

(a) The pendulum of a certain pendulum clock is made of brass. When

the temperature increases, the period of the pendulum decreases.

(b) There is a temperature where temperature in Fahrenheit is the same

as the temperature in Celsius.

(c) A certain amount of heat is transferred to 5 kg of copper, and the

same amount of heat is transferred to 1kg of ice. You can conclude
the increase in temperature of the copper is greater than the
increase in temperature in ice.

(d) In usually warm climates that experiences a temperature drop to

below freezing temperature, fruit growers will spray he fruit trees
with water because heat is released when water freezes to prevent
the air temperature to drop below freezing point.

(e) When sublimation occurs, heat leaves the solid and the solid
becomes gas directly.

(f) Two samples of the same ideal gas have the same pressure and
density. Sample A has twice the volume of sample B. The rms
speed of the molecules in sample B is same as the rms speed in
sample A.

(g) An ideal gas is contained in a vessel at a 200K. If the temperature is

to 800K, both the rms speed and the rate of collisions with the wall
of the containers of the gas molecules increase by a factor of 4.

(h) The molar specific heat of a diatomic gas measured at constant

pressure to be 7R/2. You can conclude that both rotational and
vibrational energy also contribute to the molar specific heat.

(i) In the kinetic theory of gases, the forces between gas molecules are
assumed to be long range.

(j) The entropy of the Universe increases for all natural processes is a
statement of the second law of thermodynamics.
3. A student measures the length of a brass rod with a steel tape at 20 0C. The
reading is 95 cm. What will be the tape indicates for the length of the rod
at (a) -150C, (b) 550C?
Coefficient of linear expansion for steel = 11 x 10 -6 (0C) -1 and coefficient of
linear expansion for brass = 19 x 10-6(0C) -1. (10 points)
4. (I) What is the final temperature if you put 1 kg of steam at 100 0C, 1kg of
ice at 00C and 1 kg of 500C water in a container? (II) How many kilograms
of ice, water and steam are in the final mixture? Neglect the heat
transferred by the container to the environment. (10 points)
5. If a person wearing a 3cm thick down jacket in Alaska were locked out of
his house on a day when the temperature outside was -40 0C, would he be
most likely to lose the most thermal energy by thermal conduction or
radiation? Assume σ=5.67 x 10-8 w/m2 K4, emissivity of this person is 0.75
and thermal conductivity for goose down is k= 0.025 W/mK, the surface
body temperature is 360C, the cross-sectional area and the surface area of
this person are 1m2 and 2.5m2. Assume a layer of stagnant air outside the
jacket and between the jacket and the body.
The R value for air is 0.03 m2K/W ( 8 points)
6. 0.05 moles of diatomic ideal gas are compressed adiabatically from its
original volume of 1.0 Liter to 0.2 Liter. The initial temperature is 300K.
(I) Find the final temperature and pressure.
(II) Find the work done on the gas. ( 10 points)
7. There are five schematic diagrams below representing the working of two
refrigerators and three heat engines. Which, if any, of the following
refrigerator or heat engine violate (I) the first law of thermodynamics
(energy conservation) or (II) the second law of thermodynamics? ( 10
points)
8. The PV diagram below represents a sample of diatomic ideal gas through
a thermal dynamic cycle. The process from A to B is an isothermal process
at 200K. The process from C to D is an
isothermal process at 600K. Processes
from B to C and from D to A are at
constant volumes. (I) Find the work
done, heat transfer and the change in
internal energy for each process. (II) If
the cycle represents the working of a
heat engine, what is the efficiency of this
engine? (III) What is the maximum
possible efficiency of this heat engine? ( 12 points)