Learning Area Grade Level

W1 MATHEMATICS Grade 8
Quarter Fourth Date Week 2
I. LESSON TITLE APPLIES THEOREMS AND PROVES TRIANGLE INEQUALITIES
II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING • Applies theorem on triangle inequalities to determine possible measures for the
COMPETENCIES (MELCs) angles and sides of triangles. (M8GE-IVb-1)
• Proves inequalities in a triangle. (M8GE-IVc-1)
III. CONTENT/CORE CONTENT
IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES
I. Introduction (Time Frame: ____2 minutes____)

The concepts and skills previously learned from LeaP Week 1 will be useful in learning this LeaP Week 2, which will focus on
developing, verifying, and proving the theorems on inequalities in triangles.
Remember to answer the essential question: “How can you justify inequalities in triangles?”
D. Development (Time Frame: ___60 minutes_____)

Lesson 1:
A. Exterior Angle Inequality Theorem
The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than the measure of either of the two remote interior angles.
Example 1:
Consider the figure below, fill in each space to complete true inequality statements:
a. If 𝑚∠𝑐 = 40 and 𝑚∠𝑑 = 29, b. If 𝑚∠𝑏 = 54 and 𝑚∠𝑑 = 38,
then 𝑚∠𝑎 ____ then 𝑚∠𝑎 ____ b
d

c d a
c b a
Solution:
∠𝑎 is the exterior angle and ∠𝑐 and ∠𝑑 are its remote interior angle, and
𝑚∠𝑐 + 𝑚∠𝑑 = 𝑚∠𝑎. Moreover 𝑚∠𝑎 > 𝑚∠𝑐 𝑜𝑟 𝑚∠𝑎 > 𝑚∠𝑑.

a. If 𝑚∠𝑐 = 40 and 𝑚∠𝑑 = 29, then 𝑚∠𝑎 > 40.

b. If 𝑚∠𝑏 = 54 and 𝑚∠𝑑 = 38, then 𝑚∠𝑎 > 92.
B. Triangle Inequality Theorem
In any triangle, the sum of the lengths of any two of its sides is greater than the lenght of its third side.
Example 2:
A triangle has two sides that are 6 cm and 15 cm in lengths, respectively. Unoh says that the third side could be 9 cm. Vhinz
says that it could not be 9 cm but it could be 7 cm. Who is correct and why?
Solution:
a. 6 + 15 = 21 > 9 Hence, 6cm,9cm,15cm can be the length of
6 + 9 = 15 > 15 the sides of triangle.
9 + 15 = 24 > 6

b. 6 + 15 = 21 > 7
6 + 7 = 13 > 15 Hence, 6cm,7cm,15cm cannot be the length
15 + 7 = 22 > 6 of the sides of a triangle.
Example 3:
9999=12cm and 9𝐵𝐶
Given Triangle ABC 𝐴𝐵 999 =17cm. What is the range values of 9𝐴𝐶
999 .
Solution:
Step 1: 12 + 17 = 29. Thus 9𝐴𝐶
999 must be less than 29cm or 29cm must be greater than 𝐴𝐶 9999 .
Step 2: By Triangle Inequality Theorem, 12 + 9𝐴𝐶 999 > 17. This implies that 𝐴𝐶9999 > 5.
9999 > 12. This implies that 9𝐴𝐶
Step 3: Moreover, 17 + 𝐴𝐶 999 > −5. This is not possible.
9999 9999
Step 4: From steps 1 and 2, 29 > 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐴𝐶 > 5 implies that 29 > 𝐴𝐶 9999 > 5.


9999 < 29, the range of values of 9𝐴𝐶

The statement can be written in reverse order: 5 < 𝐴𝐶 999 .
Notice that 5 is the difference of 17 and 12, and 29 is the sum of 12 and 17. The procedure can be shortened as follows:
9999 < 12 + 17
17 − 12 < 𝐴𝐶

5 < 9𝐴𝐶
999 < 29

This means that any real number greater than 5 but less than 29 can be the lengths of the triangle’s third side.

C. The Hinge Theorem

If two sides of a triangle are congruent to two sides of a second triangle, and the included angle of the first triangle has a
greater measure than the included angle of the second triangle, then the third side of the first triangle is longer than the third
side of the second triangle.
Example 4: 3 mi
Car A
mi 90⁰
Based on the right figure, which car is farther away from the mall?
5 mi
Solution: mi
Mall
Since 100º is greater than 90⁰, Car B is farther away from the mall.
5 mi
mi 100⁰
Example 5:
3 mi Car B

T mi
Given the figure on the right, determine the range of values of x.

Solution: P
35⁰
Applying the hinge theorem, the side opposite 64⁰
the greater angle is more than the side
opposite the smaller angle.
O E Y
𝑥 + 7 R
𝑥 + 7 > 2𝑥 − 5 2𝑥 − 5
7+5>𝑥
12 > 𝑥
𝑥 < 12

Since x represents the length then it must not be negative.

2𝑥 − 5 > 0
!" #
>
! !
# #
𝑥> Therefore, < 𝑥 < 12.
! !
Lesson 2:
Triangle Inequality Theorem 1 (Ss→Aa); Side angle Inequality Theorem
If one side of a triangle is longer than a second side, then the
angle opposite the first side is larger than the angle opposite the
second side.

Given: ∆𝑀𝐴𝑁
9999 > 𝐴𝑀
𝐴𝑁 99999
Prove: 𝑚∠𝐴𝑀𝑁 > 𝑚∠𝐴𝑁𝑀
Proof:

STATEMENTS REASONS
99999 ≅ 99
1. 𝐴𝑀 𝐴𝐼9 1. By construction
2. ∆𝐴𝐼𝑀 is isosceles 2. Definition of isosceles triangle
3. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 3. Base angles of an isosceles triangle are congruent
4. ∠1 + ∠3 = ∠𝐴𝑀𝑁 4. Angle Addition Postulate
5. ∠𝐴𝑀𝑁 > ∠1 5. Property of Equality
6. ∠𝐴𝑀𝑁 > ∠2 6. Substitution Property


7. 𝑚∠𝑀𝐼𝑁 + 𝑚∠𝑁 + 𝑚∠3 = 180° 7. The sum of the measure of the interior angles of a triangle is 180°.
8. 𝑚∠2 + 𝑚∠𝑀𝐼𝑁 = 180° 8. Linear Pair Theorem
9. 𝑚∠𝑀𝐼𝑁 + 𝑚∠𝑁 + 𝑚∠3 = 𝑚∠2 + 𝑚∠𝑀𝐼𝑁 9. Transitive Property
10. 𝑚∠2 = 𝑚∠𝑁 + 𝑚∠3 10. Subtraction Property
11. 𝑚∠2 > 𝑚∠𝐴𝑁𝑀 11. Property of Equality
12. 𝑚∠𝐴𝑀𝑁 > 𝑚∠𝐴𝑁𝑀 12. Property of Inequality
(from statement 6 and 11)

Triangle Inequality Theorem 2 (Aa→Ss); Angle Side Inequality Theorem

If one angle of a triangle is larger than a second angle, then the side opposite the larger angle is longer than the side
opposite the smaller angle.
A
Given: ∠𝐴 > ∠𝑇

9999 > 9𝐴𝐹

Prove: 𝐹𝑇 999

Either 9𝐹𝑇 9999 , 9𝐹𝑇

999 = 𝐴𝐹 999 > 9𝐴𝐹
999 or 9𝐹𝑇
999 < 9𝐴𝐹
999 . T
F
9999 = 9𝐴𝐹
a) Suppose 𝐹𝑇 999 , then by the Isosceles Triangle Theorem, ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝑇. This contradicts the given information
then ∠𝐴 < ∠𝑇;
9999 < 9𝐴𝐹
b) Suppose 𝐹𝑇 999 , then ∠𝑇 > ∠𝐴 by the Side Angle Inequality Theorem. This also contradicts the given information.
9999 > 9𝐴𝐹
c) Therefore, 𝐹𝑇 999

Triangle Inequality Theorem 3 (𝑺𝟏 + 𝑺𝟐 > 𝑺𝟑 )

The sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle is greater than the length of the third side.
Given: ∆𝐿𝑀𝐸 where 𝐿𝑀9999 < 𝐿𝐸
9999 < 9𝑀𝐸
9999
P
L 2 L
Prove: 9𝑀𝐸
9999 + 9𝐿𝐸
999 > 𝐿𝑀
9999
9𝑀𝐸
9999 + 𝐿𝑀
9999 > 𝐿𝐸
9999
9999 9999
𝐿𝑀 + 𝐿𝐸 > 𝑀𝐸 99999 M M
13
E E
Proof:
STATEMENTS REASONS
9999 ≅ 9𝐿𝐸
1. 𝑃𝐿 999 1. By construction
2. ∆𝐿𝐸𝑃 is isosceles 2. Definition of isosceles triangle
3. ∠1 ≅ ∠2 3. Base angles of an isosceles triangle are congruent
4. ∠𝐿𝑃𝐸 ≅ ∠𝑀𝑃𝐸 4. Reflexive Property
5. ∠1 ≅ ∠𝑀𝑃𝐸 5. Transitive Property
6. 𝑚∠𝑀𝐸𝑃 = 𝑚∠𝐿𝐸𝑀 + 𝑚∠𝐿𝐸𝑃 6. Angle Addition Postulate
7. 𝑚∠𝑀𝐸𝑃 = 𝑚∠𝐿𝐸𝑀 + 𝑚∠𝑀𝑃𝐸 7. Transitive Property
8. 𝑚∠𝑀𝐸𝑃 > 𝑚∠𝑀𝑃𝐸 8. Property of Inequality
99999 > 9𝑀𝐸
9. 𝑀𝑃 9999 9. Property of Inequality
99999 = 9𝑃𝐿
10. 𝑀𝑃 999 + 9999
𝐿𝑀 10. Segment Addition Postulate
99999
11. 𝑀𝑃 = 𝐿𝐸 9999 + 𝐿𝑀
9999 (from statement 1 and 10) 11. Substitution Property
9999 + 9999
12. 𝐿𝐸 𝐿𝑀 > 𝑀𝐸 99999 (from statement 9 and 11) 12. Substitution Property of Inequality

Exterior angle Inequality Theorem

The measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than the measure of either remote interior angle.

Given: ∆𝑂𝑀𝑁 with exterior angle ∠𝑂𝑁𝑃 O

O R
Prove: 𝑚∠𝑂𝑁𝑃 > 𝑚∠𝑀𝑂𝑁
Q
Proof: 3 4
P 12 P
M N M N


IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Construct the following:
1. Midpoint 𝑄 on 9999
𝑂𝑁 such that 𝑂𝑄 9999 ≅ 9999
𝑁𝑄
2. 9𝑀𝑅 99999 ≅ 𝑄𝑅
9999 through 𝑄 such that 𝑀𝑄 9999

STATEMENTS REASONS
1. 𝑂𝑄 ≅ 𝑁𝑄; 9𝑀𝑄
9999 9999 9999 ≅ 𝑄𝑅
9999 1. By construction
2. ∠3 ≅ ∠4 2. Vertical angles are congruent
3. ∆𝑂𝑄𝑀 ≅ ∆𝑁𝑄𝑅 3. SAS Congruence Theorem
4. ∠𝑀𝑂𝑁 ≅ ∠1 4. CPCTC
5. ∠𝑂𝑁𝑃 = ∠1 + ∠2 5. Angle Addition Postulate
6. 𝑚∠𝑂𝑁𝑃 > 𝑚∠1 6. Property of Inequality
7. 𝑚∠𝑂𝑁𝑃 > 𝑚∠𝑀𝑂𝑁 7. Substitution Property
Hinge Theorem or SAS Triangle Inequality Theorem

If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle, but the included angle of the first triangle is greater
than the included angle of the second, then the third side of the first triangle is longer than the third side of the second.

99999 ≅ 𝐴𝐷
Given: 𝑂𝑀 9999 D
M
9999
𝑂𝑁 ≅ 𝐴𝑌 9999
∠𝑂 > ∠𝐴

Prove: 99
𝑀𝑁999 > 99
𝐷𝑌99 A Y
O N
Proof:
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. 9𝑀𝑂
9999 ≅ 9𝐴𝐷
99999 ; 9999 9999 ; ∠𝑂 > ∠𝐴
𝑂𝑁 ≅ 𝐴𝑌
1. Given
2. 9𝑀𝑁
99999 > 99
𝐷𝑌99 2. The side opposite the larger angle is longer than the side
opposite the smaller angle.

E. Engagement (Time Frame: ____30 minutes_____)

Learning Task I.
Use the figure at the right to complete the inequality statements:
1. 𝑚∠1 < _______
2. 𝑚∠4 > _______ 2
3. If the measure of 𝑚∠1 = 53 and 𝑚∠2 = 67 then 𝑚∠4 > _____.
4. If the measure of 𝑚∠2 = 100 and 𝑚∠3 = 25 then 𝑚∠4 > _____.
5. If the measure of 𝑚∠1 = 55 and 𝑚∠3 = 25 then 𝑚∠4 > _____. 1 3 4
Learning Task II.
Encircle the letter / number of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following combinations could be three sides of a triangle?
A. 5, 6, 11 B. 1, 3, 5 C. 5, 16, 20 D. 7, 7, 14
2. Two sides of a triangle are 15 and 8. Which of the following cannot be the third side?
A. 9 B. 13 C. 21 D. 25
3. Suppose two sides of a triangle both measures 4 units, which can be the possible measure of the third side? Encircle all the
possible whole numbers.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
4. Two sides of the triangle are 13 and 51. What is the range of the length of the 3rd side?
A. 13< 3rd side <51 B. 13> 3rd side >51 C. 38< 3rd side <64 D. 3rd side <64
5. Two legs of a triangle are 7.3 and 17.2 respectively. Given that the length of the third side is an integer, what is the largest
possible length for the third side.
A. 18 B. 20 C. 22 D. 24


IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Learning Task III. 2𝑥 − 4

Apply the Hinge Theorem to solve for the possible value of x given the figure. 38°
12
12
30°

6
A. Assimilation (Time Frame: ____20 minutes_____)

A complete revolution around a point is equivalent to 360°. The minute and hour hands of the clock also covers that in a
complete revolution.
Materials: protractor, ruler and manila paper/bond paper
Procedure:
1. Replicate the figure on a manila paper/bond paper.
2. Study the faces of the clock shown at different hours and complete your copy of the activity table.
Clock Measure of angle formed Distance between the tips
Time
Face by the hour hand and of the hour hand and
(Exact Hours)
minute hand minute hand (in mm)
A
B
C
D
V. ASSESSMENT (Time Frame: ____25 minutes_____)
(Learning Activity Sheets for Enrichment, Remediation, or Assessment to be given on Weeks 3 and 6)
Given: DCAN and DLYT;
CA @ LY, AN @ YT,
mÐ A > m Ð Y

Prove: CN > LT

Proof:

1. Construct AW such that:

AW @ AN @ YT, AW is between AC and AN, and ÐCAW @ ÐLYT

Consequently, DCAW @ DLYT by SAS triangle congruence postulate. So, CW @ LT because corresponding parts of congruent
triangles are congruent (CPCTC).
2. Construct the bisector AH of Ð NAW such that:
H is on CN and Ð NAH @ Ð WAH
Consequently, DNAH @ DWAH by SAS triangle congruence postulate because AH @ AH by reflexive property of equality and
AW @ AN from construction no. 1. So, WH @ HN because corresponding parts of congruent triangles are congruent (CPCTC).


IV. LEARNING PHASES AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

VI. REFLECTION (Time Frame: ____3 minutes_____)
• Communicate your personal assessment as indicated in the Learner’s Assessment Card.
Personal Assessment on Learner’s Level of Performance
Using the symbols below, choose one which best describes your experience in working on each given task. Draw it in the column
for Level of Performance (LP). Be guided by the descriptions below:
¶ - I was able to do/perform the task without any difficulty. The task helped me in understanding the target content/ lesson.
ü - I was able to do/perform the task. It was quite challenging, but it still helped me in understanding the target content/lesson.
? – I was not able to do/perform the task. It was extremely difficult. I need additional enrichment activities to be able to do/perform this
task.
Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP Learning Task LP
Number 1 Number 3 Number 5 Number 7
Number 2 Number 4 Number 6 Number 8
VII. REFERENCES Mathematics 8 Learner’s Module page 390-397, 400-402
Next Century Mathematics 8 pages 536-537

Prepared by: Azela Geraldine B. Sisperez, Ed.D. Checked by: MA. FILIPINA M. DRIO
LAILA R. MALOLES
HENRY P. CONTEMPLACION
MARIA TERESA J. MACATANGAY