Tong hold loss in forging.

Flash loss in forging?

leftward and rightward welding
How can you determine the size (diameter and length) of the stock in forging?
What are the various elements considered while calculating the cost of a welded joint?
A butt joint between two square metal plates of 250 cm x 250 cm is made using electric arc
welding. If the rate of welding is 5 meter/ hour, calculate the time required to complete ten
such welding operations.
List various allowances provided to the pattern.
Shake allowance in a pattern?
Distortion allowance in a pattern?
Explain the various losses considered while calculating direct material cost for a casting?