Wasit University CE 4340 Asphalt Technology

Faculty of Engineering Fourth Year

Civil Engineering Dept. Dr. Nabeel Saleem

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Where:
Va = volume of air voids in total mix
VS1 = volume of effective asphalt
VS2 = volume of absorbed asphalt
V1 = apparent volume of aggregate
V2 = effective volume of aggregate
V3 = bulk volume of aggregate
V = total volume of mixture
Vv = voids of aggregate (Voids in mineral aggregate)

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Bulk GA = bulk specific gravity of combined aggregate

WA 𝟏𝟎𝟎
Bulk GA = = % 𝑪𝒐𝒂𝒓𝒔𝒆 % 𝑭𝒊𝒏𝒆 % 𝑭𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒓
V3 + +
𝑮𝒔 (𝒄𝒐𝒂𝒓𝒔𝒆) 𝑮𝒔 (𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒆) 𝑮𝒔 (𝒇𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒓)

PS = % of total asphalt (by weight of total mix)

PA = % of total aggregate (by weight of total mix)
PS + PA = 100

In voidless mixture:
Maximum theoretical specific gravity of mix = max. Gm
𝑾 𝟏𝟎𝟎
Max. Gm = 𝑽 −V = 𝑷𝑺 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝑷𝑺
a +
𝑮𝒔 (𝒂𝒔𝒑𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒕) 𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑮𝑨

Max. Gm can be achieved in laboratory by testing asphalt mixture (loose mixture) according
to (ASTM 2041)

WA 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝑷𝑺
Effective GA = = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑷𝑺
V2 −
𝒎𝒂𝒙. 𝑮𝒎 𝑮𝒔 (𝒂𝒔𝒑𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒕)

Effective GA constant property (independent of asphalt content)

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Wasit University CE 4340 Asphalt Technology
Faculty of Engineering Fourth Year
Civil Engineering Dept. Dr. Nabeel Saleem

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𝑾 𝑾𝒂𝒊𝒓
Actual Gm = =
𝑽 𝑾𝒂𝒊𝒓 − 𝑾𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓
Va
Air Voids in Total Mix (V.T.M) = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 %
𝐕

𝒎𝒂𝒙. 𝑮𝒎 − 𝑨𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝑮𝒎
V.T.M = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 %
𝒎𝒂𝒙. 𝑮𝒎

Vv
Voids in Mineral Aggregate (V.M.A) = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 %
𝐕

𝑨𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝑮𝒎 × 𝑷𝑨
V.M.A = 100 −
𝑩𝒖𝒍𝒌 𝑮𝑨

Absorbed Asphalt (% by weight of aggregate), (P'S2)

𝑾𝑺𝟐
P'S2 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝑾𝑨

𝟏 𝟏
P'S2 = ( − ) × Gs (asphalt) × 100 %
𝑩𝒖𝒍𝒌 𝑮𝑨 𝑬𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑮𝑨

Note:
For non-absorbent aggregate (absorbed asphalt = 0 and Bulk GA = Effective GA)

Absorbed Asphalt (% by weight of total mix), (PS2)

PS2 = 0.01 P'S2 × PA
Effective asphalt (% by weight of total mix), (PS1)
PS1 = PS – PS2
𝑽𝑺𝟏
Voids Filled with Asphalt (V.F.A) = × 100 %
𝑽𝒗
𝑨𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝑮𝒎 × 𝑷𝑺𝟏
V.F.A = × 100 %
𝑨𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝑮𝒎 × 𝑷𝑺𝟏 + 𝑮𝒔 (𝒂𝒔𝒑𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒕) × % 𝑽.𝑻𝑴

𝑭𝒊𝒆𝒍𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚
Relative compaction = × 100 %
𝑳𝒂𝒃. 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚

Field density = Actual Gm

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