Generalised calculator Kleiber line (mammals)

0 . 75
answer intercept mass exponent BMR =3 .34 kg
b
y =
1277.981
a
5.36
m
4000
b
0.66
y=am mass (kg)
1
BMR (W.kg
3.340

Metabolic rate (in J/hr and in W) for selected taxa from Table 4-5 of Withers (1992) using a bod
Placental Marsupial Platypus Echidna Passerines
J/hr 12118.7 11280.0 8464.6 8909.2 7948.9 3521.0 20444.4
W 3.366 3.133 2.351 2.475 2.208 0.978 5.679
Lizards Varanids Lacertids Snakes Boids Colubrids Turtles
J/hr 376.8 548.0 495.4 490.0 215.3 696.8 494.2
W 0.105 0.152 0.138 0.136 0.060 0.194 0.137

SMR (in mL O2 h-1) according to White et al. (2006) for various vertebrates of mass (in g) o
OLS is from an ordinary least squares regression. RMA is from a reduced major axis
fish amphibians reptiles birds
Temp OLS RMA OLS RMA OLS RMA OLS
20 oC 39.286 42.963 34.921 46.249 20.960 22.607
38 oC 96.033 102.036 148.415 198.208 104.800 115.547 504.881
SMR (in W) from above for these vertebrates using an oxygen equivalence (in kJ.l O 2-1) o
fish amphibians reptiles birds
Temp OLS RMA OLS RMA OLS RMA OLS
20 oC 0.220 0.241 0.196 0.260 0.118 0.127
38 C
o
0.539 0.573 0.833 1.112 0.588 0.648 2.833
Q10 estimates (with 95% confidence intervals) according to White et al. (2006) for these vario
fish amphibians reptiles birds
1.65 2.21 2.44 2.09
CI 1.56 1.74 2.05 2.37 2.25 2.64 1.45
er line (mammals) Marsupial line
0 . 75 0 .75
R =3 .34 kg BMR =2. 33kg
BMR (W.kg-0.75) mass (kg) BMR (W.kg-0.75)
3.340 1 2.330

thers (1992) using a body mass (in g) of: 1000

Passerines Nonpasserines
21826.1 12468.0 11635.8 J/hr
6.063 3.463 3.232 W
Crocodyl Anura Bufo
534.8 460.5 658.0 J/hr
0.149 0.128 0.183 W

tebrates of mass (in g) of 1000

from a reduced major axis regression.
birds mammals
RMA OLS RMA

511.876 531.165 599.198

uivalence (in kJ.l O 2-1) of 20.2
birds mammals
RMA OLS RMA

2.872 2.980 3.362

al. (2006) for these various vertebrates
birds mammals
2.09 2.81
3.05 2.44 3.24
 Thermal conductance (presumably, minimal) as cited by Withers (1992, p155) for mammals and birds o

Mammals 1.0808 J.g-1.hr-1.oC-1 0.00030023 W.g-1.oC-1 0.3002

Nonpasserine birds 0.3387 J.g-1.hr-1.oC-1 0.00009407 W.g-1.oC-1 0.0941
Passerine birds 0.2170 J.g-1.hr-1.oC-1 0.00006028 W.g-1.oC-1 0.0603

Thermal time constant and therefore thermal conductance for heating and cooling
All lizard shaped reptiles (< 7.6 kg) from Grigg et al. (1979) with heat capacity of (in J.g-1.oC-1) of
ln t Thermal time constant ()t) Thermal conductance (Ko)
Heating 3.21 24.70 min 135.63 J.min-1.oC-1
Cooling 3.46 31.80 min 105.35 J.min-1.oC-1
Alligators (0.6 to 7.6 kg) from Smith (1976) with heat capacity of (in J.g -1.oC-1) of
ln t Thermal time constant ()t) Thermal conductance (Ko)
Heating 1.40 25.06 min 133.67 J.min-1.oC-1
Cooling 1.54 34.36 min 97.51 J.min-1.oC-1
 or mammals and birds of mass (in g) of: 1000

W.kg-1.oC-1 0.3002 W.oC-1

W.kg-1.oC-1 0.0941 W.oC-1
W.kg-1.oC-1 0.0603 W.oC-1

for heating and cooling reptiles.

3.35 and mass (in g) of 1000
hermal conductance (Ko)
2.260 W.oC-1 mean
1.756 W.oC-1 2.008 W.oC-1
3.35 and mass (in g) of 1000
hermal conductance (Ko)
2.228 W.oC-1 mean
1.625 W.oC-1 1.927 W.oC-1
Allometric relationships for respiratory variables according to Tab 13-8 in Withers (1992) for animals of

Lung volume (ml) Tidal volume (ml) Resp rate (min

Mammals 52.97 7.50 Mammals 37.17

Birds 27.64 13.21 Birds 17.15
Lizards 219.97 28.25 Reptiles 15.63
Amphib 360.20

Generalised
Mammalian alveolar surface area (cm )
2

answer intercept
21161.52 y = a
789.668 1.57
ers (1992) for animals of mass (in g) of 1000

Resp rate (min-1) Min Vol (ml.min-1)

37.17 279.19
17.15 242.97
15.63 78.12

Generalised calculator

mass exponent
b
m
4000
b
0.75
y=am
 INPUTS ml O2.g-1.hr-1 W (=J.s-1)

Mass of animal (g) 1000 0.100 1.000

Energetic equivalence of O2 (kJ.l O2-1) 20.2

OUTPUTS

Energy per unit mass per unit time J.g-1.hr-1 2.02 3.6
J.g-1.s-1 0.00056111 0.001
J.g-1.day-1 48.48 86.4
Energy per animal per unit time J.hr-1 2020 3600
J.s-1(=W) 0.56111111 1
J.day-1 48480 86400
Oxygen consumption per unit mass per unit time ml O2.g-1.hr-1 0.1 0.17821782
ml O2.g-1.s-1 2.7778E-05 4.9505E-05
ml O2.g-1.day-1 2.4 4.27722772
ml O2.kg-1.min-1 1.66666667 2.97029703
Oxygen consumption per animal per unit time ml O2.hr-1 100 178.217822
ml O2.s-1 0.02777778 0.04950495
from Withers 1992 ml O2.day-1 2400 4277.22772
22
21.5
21
O2 equiv (kJ/l)

20.5
20
19.5
19
18.5
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1
RQ
ml O2.g-1.hr-1 W (=J.s-1) ml O2.kg-1.min-1 J.hr-1 J/g/hr RQ O2 equiv

0.100 1.000 1.000 1000.000 1.000 1 21.4

0.88 20.9
0.8 20.5
0.76 20.1
0.73 19.9
2.02 3.6 1.212 1 1 0.7 19.5
0.00056111 0.001 0.00033667 0.00027778 0.00027778
48.48 86.4 29.088 24 24
2020 3600 1212 1000 1000
0.56111111 1 0.33666667 0.27777778 0.27777778
48480 86400 29088 24000 24000
0.1 0.17821782 0.06 0.04950495
2.7778E-05 4.9505E-05 1.6667E-05 1.3751E-05
2.4 4.27722772 1.44 1.18811881
1.66666667 2.97029703 1 0.00082508
100 178.217822 0.006 49.5049505
0.02777778 0.04950495 1.6667E-06 0.01375138
2400 4277.22772 0.144 1188.11881