Holy Rosary Academy Senior High School

San Agustin, Romblon 5501 Grade 11

MODULE FOR: General Mathematics

Week 1-2

Name: ___________________________ Section: _________________

Grading Period: 1st Semester School Year: 2021-2022

MOST ESSENTIAL TOPIC: Functions

CONTENT STANDARD: Demonstrate understanding of key concepts of functions.
PERFORMANCE STANDARD: The learner will be able to accurately construct mathematical models to
represent real-life situations using functions.
LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
 Performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and composition of functions
 Represents real-life situations using functions, including piece-wise functions.
LEARNING OUTCOME:
 Evaluates a function.

CONTENT
Definition: A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the domain) to a second set of
values (called the range).
A relation is a set of ordered pairs (x,y).
A function is a set of ordered pairs (x,y) such that no two ordered pairs have the same x-value but different y-
values. Using functional notation, we can write f(x) = y, read as “f of x is equal to y.”
In particular, if (1, 2) is an ordered pair associated with the function f, then we say that f(2) = 1.

Example. Which of the following relations are functions?

f={(1,2),(2,3),(3,5),(4,7)}
g={(1,3),(1,4),(2,5),(2,6),(3,7)}
h={(1,3), (2,6),(3,9),…,(n,3n),…}
Solution.
The relations f and h are functions because no two ordered pairs have the same x-value but different y-
values. Meanwhile, g is not a function because (1, 3 ) and (1,4) are ordered pairs with the same x-value but
different y-values.

Relations and functions can be represented by mapping diagrams where the elements of the domain
are mapped to the elements of the range using arrows. In this case, the relation or function is represented by
the set of all the connections represented by the arrows.

Important Concepts.
 Relations are rules that relate two values, one from a set of inputs and the second from
the set of outputs.
 Functions are rules that relate only one value from the set of outputs to a value from the
set of inputs.

“ Loyalty, Service and Excellence”

 Holy Rosary Academy Senior High School
San Agustin, Romblon 5501 Grade 11

Definition: The domain of a relation is the set of

all possible values that the variable x can take.
Example:
1. A={x|x∈N,5<x<10}A={x|x∈N,5<x<10} and is read as "set A is the set of all ‘xx’ such that ‘xx’ is a
natural number between 5 and 10."
The symbol ∈ means “is an element of” and denotes membership of an element in a set.
2. B={x|x is an odd number between 11 and 20}B={x|x is an odd number between 11 and 20} which
means set B contains all the odd numbers between 11 and 20.
3. Q is the set of rational numbers which can be written in set builder form as Q={pq|
p,q∈I,q≠0}

Functions as representations of real-life situations.

Functions can often be used to model real situations. Identifying an appropriate functional model will lead to a
better understanding of various phenomena.
Example .
1. Give a function C that can represent the cost of buying x meals, if one meal costs P40.
Solution. Since each meal costs P40, then the cost function is C(x) = 40x.
2. One hundred meters of fencing is available to enclose a rectangular area next to a river (see figure).
Give a function A that can represent the area that can be enclosed, in terms of x.

Solution. The area of the rectangular enclosure is A = xy.

We will write this as a function of x.
Since only 100 m of fencing is available, then x + 2y = 100
y = (100 – x)/2 = 50 – 0.5x. Thus, A(x) = x(50 – 0.5x) =
50x – 0.5x2.

Piecewise functions.
Some situations can only be described by more than one formula, depending on the value of the independent
variable.
Example.
1. A museum charges $5 per person for a guided tour with a group of 1 to 9 people or a fixed $50 fee
for a group of 10 or more people. Write a function relating the number of people, n, to the cost, C.
Two different formulas will be needed. For n-values under 10, C=5nC=5n. For values of n that are 10 or
greater, C=50C=50.

2. The fee to park in the parking lot of a shopping mall costs P40.00 for the first two hours and an extra P10.00
for each hour (or a fraction of it) after that. If you park for more than twelve hours, you instead pay a flat rate
of P200.00. Represent your parking fee using the function p(t) where t is the number of hours you parked in
the mall.

“ Loyalty, Service and Excellence”

 Holy Rosary Academy Senior High School
San Agustin, Romblon 5501 Grade 11

Solution.

 The velocity V (in m/s) of a ball thrown upward t seconds after the ball was thrown is given by
V(t) = 20 – 9.8t. Calculate V(0) and V(1), and explain what these results mean.
Solution.
V(0) = 20 – 9.8(0) = 20 and V(1) = 20 – 9.8(1) = 10.2. These results indicate that the initial velocity of the
ball is 20 m/s. After 1 second, the ball is traveling more slowly, at 10.2 m/s.

EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
You need a good grasp of GEMDAS. GEMDAS is an acronym for the words Grouping symbols, Exponents,
Multiplication, Division, Addition, Subtraction. When asked to simplify two or more operations in one
algebraic/numerical expression, the order of the letters in GEMDAS indicates what to calculate first, second,
third and so on, until a simplified expression is achieved.
Evaluating a function means replacing the variable in the function, in this case x, with a value from the
function's domain and computing for the result. To denote that we are evaluating 𝑓 at a for some 𝑎 in the
domain of f, we write (𝑎).

“ Loyalty, Service and Excellence”

 Holy Rosary Academy Senior High School
San Agustin, Romblon 5501 Grade 11

Evaluate the following function:

a.) Evaluate (𝑎 + 𝑏) where (𝑥) = 4𝑥2 − 3𝑥

Operations on Functions & Composition of Functions

. RECALL: Addition and Subtraction

a. Find the least common denominator (LCD) of both fractions.
b. Rewrite the fractions as equivalent fractions with the same LCD.
c. The LCD is the denominator of the resulting fraction.
d. The sum or difference of the numerators is the numerator of the resulting fraction.

1. 2.

Solution: Solution:

RECALL: Multiplication
a. Rewrite the numerator and denominator in terms of its prime factors.
b. Common factors in the numerator and denominator can be simplified as “1”.
c. Multiply the numerators together to get the new numerator.
d. Multiply the denominators together to get the new denominator.

“ Loyalty, Service and Excellence”

 Holy Rosary Academy Senior High School
San Agustin, Romblon 5501 Grade 11

1.)

RECALL: Division
To divide two fractions or rational expressions, multiply the dividend with the reciprocal of the
divisor.

1.)

“ Loyalty, Service and Excellence”

 Holy Rosary Academy Senior High School
San Agustin, Romblon 5501 Grade 11

Example:
 Use the following functions below:

Determine the following functions:

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 Holy Rosary Academy Senior High School
San Agustin, Romblon 5501 Grade 11

Definition. Let 𝑓 and 𝑔 be functions. The composite function denoted by 𝑓 ○ 𝑔

is defined by 𝑓 ○ 𝑔 (𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)).
The process of obtaining a composite function is called function composition

Example: use the following functions:

1.) Find and simplify ○ 𝑓 (𝑥)

2.) Find and simplify ○ 𝑝 (𝑥)

“ Loyalty, Service and Excellence”

 Holy Rosary Academy Senior High School
San Agustin, Romblon 5501 Grade 11

ASSESSMENT
Direction: Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Circle your final answer.

Note: Do not return the module. Keep for future references.

References:
 General Mathematics for SHS, Aoanan, Grace, et. Al., C&E Publishing, Inc., pp 9 – 52
 General Mathematics for SHS, Banigon, Ricardo, et. Al., Ed R Corporation, pp 1-24
https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/classes/alg/functiondefn.aspx
 https://www. Lumenlearning.com

Prepared by:
Christian M. Cabadongga, LPT
Subject Facilitator

“ Loyalty, Service and Excellence”