The University of Faisalabad

(Amin Campus)

Report
(Water supply design)

Supervisor
Dr. Nouman Sahib

Submitted By:

Muhammad Haroon (Group Leader)

Muhammad Nouman
Muhammad Mubeen
Qasim Manzoor

School of Civil Engineering

The University of Faisalabad (Amin Campus)

Muhammad Haroon (Final year group # 1)

 Water Supply Design
DESIGN OF WATER SUPPLY SCHEME

Fig # 1 Design of water supply scheme

Muhammad Haroon (Final year group # 1)

Main purpose

The purpose of this project is to design the “Water Distribution Scheme” for a society which
includes the Diameter of pipes, Lengths of Pipes, Pressure in pipes, Turbine Motor, Storage Tank
and Strainer length.

Explanation

We are provided with a map of a society, in which Pipes are to be laid by using EPANET
software. It is a modern society containing flats, apartments, plots, school and parks along with
the treatment and disposal site situated the canal new housing in Gujranwala. Knowing the
importance of the water in the life, and its wide use in the human societies, during the
preparation of this report, I have collected the data from the class notes provided, design data,
and from the internet. I also discussed some confusing points with my class fellow in order to get
the better idea about the design procedure. Water Supply Design
This report gives a detailed description about how to establish a water distribution system for a
community. I am Thankful to Allah Almighty for giving me the wisdom and knowledge to
complete the water supply scheme assigned by the teacher. I have successfully carried out the
design of water supply system of the residential housing society. I am confident that my design
will successfully run throughout the design period of the water supply system. I have taken all
precautionary measures to make sure that there is no major problem in my system.
Output is attached with this report showing all the necessary data required for designing process.
All the pressures are greater than 14m. The Project designed shows that it is an economical
project as all the diameters of the pipes are 80mm only a few pipes are of 200mm diameter.

So this economical project of Water Distribution Scheme is successfully completed and all the
results are attached at the end of the report.
Water
Water is a chemical substance that is composed of hydrogen and oxygen and is vital for all
known forms of life. It is almost impossible to find a source of water that will meet basic
requirements for a public water supply without requiring some form of treatment. In general, the
requirements for a public water supply may be considered as follows

Muhammad Haroon (Final year group # 1)

 That it shall contain no disease-producing organisms.
That it be colorless and clear.
That it be good-tasting, free from odors and preferably cool.
That it be non-corrosive.
That it be free from objectionable gases, such as hydrogen sulfide, and objectionable
staining minerals, such as iron and manganese.
That it be plentiful and low in cost.

Water Consumption

It is the amount of water consumed by a community in one day. Water consumption is expressed
as Liters/Capita/Day i.e. lpcd Water Supply Design

Per Capita Water Consumption

It is that amount of water in Liters/day which a person uses daily on average. Its average value is
150-600 lpcd.

Average Daily Consumption

It is the average amount of water used by a person/ Community in one day divided by the
number of people served.
Average Daily consumption (lpcd) = total water used in one year/(365 or 366 x midyear
population)
Avg. Daily consumption = Avg. daily Consumption x population.

Maximum Daily Consumption

It is the maximum water consumption during any one day in the year. It is about 150 to 180 % of
the avg daily consumption.

Maximum Daily consumption = 1.5 x Avg. Daily

Muhammad Haroon (Final year group # 1)

Peak Hourly Consumption

It is the peak consumption during any one hour of the years excluding the fire demand. The peak
hourly consumption can be between 150 to 400 percent of the average hourly consumption
during a peak day. It is around 150% of the maximum daily consumption. Water Supply Design

Peak Hourly demand = 1.5 x Max. Daily Demand = 2.25 x Avg. Daily Demand.

The different ratios that are widely used by used by Water and Sanitation Authority Lahore

Average Daily Consumption : Maximum Daily Consumption

1 : 1.5

Average Daily Consumption : Peak Hourly Consumption

1 : 2.25

Maximum Daily Consumption : Peak Hour Consumption

1 : 1.5

Factors Affecting Water Consumption

The various factors affecting the water consumption are given below

Climate
Standard of living
Extent of sewerage
Commercial or industrial activity
Metering or cost of water
Quality of water

Muhammad Haroon (Final year group # 1)

 Availability of private sources
Distribution system pressure
Size of city
Efficiency of the system
Type of supply (continuous or intermittent)
Level of service (Stand Post, Yard Connection, Full Plumbing

Pipes and their types

Pipes are mainly differentiated on the basis of their material of construction. Different types of
water supply pipes are available in the market. While selecting a particular type of pipe,
following points must be considered. Water Supply Design
 Carrying Capacity
 Durability
 Purchasing Cost
 Maintenance Cost
 Type of water to be conveyed (Corrosive / Normal)
Following are some major types of pipes commonly used in water supply system

 Cast Iron Pipes

 Steel Pipes
 Asbestos Cement Pipes
 PVC Pipes
 Galvanized Iron Pipes
All the above described pipes have their own merits and demerits. A brief Review of the pipes is
given below.

Cast Iron Pipes

Cast iron pipe when used in water mains is selected on the basis of maximum working pressures
and laying conditions. Pipe is available for working pressures as high as 350 Psi. The pipe is

Muhammad Haroon (Final year group # 1)

subject to corrosion from water; however the initial rate of corrosion is not as great as that of
steel. After a few years of exposure, the corrosion rate is little different from that of steel.
Average service life is about 100 years
No longer manufactured, deteriorates in some soils, reduction in capacity due to tuberculation
Large Distribution Systems, And old Systems
Most widely used for city water supply
Corrosion may reduce the capacity by 70%.
Must be lined with cement or bitumen

Fig # 2 Cast iron pipes

Muhammad Haroon (Final year group # 1)

Ductile Pipes

Similar to cast iron pipe except with increased ductility.

Ductile iron is produced by adding a controlled amount of Mg in its molten iron of low
Sulphur and Phosphorus content.

Fig # 3 Ductile Pipes

Asbestos Cement Pipe

Asbestos cement pipe was widely installed in water distribution system in early ages. They are
available generally in 100mm-600mm diameter. It was used for a long time as non corrosive and
economical alternative to cast iron. When it was found that a fatal lung disease often resulted
from breathing airborne asbestos fibers, severe restrictions were mandated for working with
asbestos. Although asbestos cement pipe rarely is installed today, thousands of miles of it remain
in water. Water Supply Design
Systems throughout the country Supply Design
Average life is about 30years
Immune to action of salts, acids, soil, corrosion
Less cost of laying and jointing
Less pumping cost due to less friction
Brittle, no longer manufactured

Muhammad Haroon (Final year group # 1)

 It was used for a long time as non corrosive and economical alternative to cast iron

Fig # 4 Asbestos Cement Pipe

Steel Pipes

Steel is used for water mains because of its high tensile strength it is particularly advantageous
where the distribution system may be subjected to impact pressures from railroad tracks,
highways, industrial machinery and such or in areas where the danger of earthquake is great.

The primary disadvantage of using steel pipes is high installation costs. Water Supply
Design
Average life is about 25-50 years
Contains less carbon than Cast Iron pipes
Frequently used in trunk mains
Difficult to make connection, hence seldom used for water distribution
Much stronger, cheaper and lighter than Cast Iron
Cannot withstand vacuum and hence collapse
More susceptible to corrosion, high maintenance cost.

Muhammad Haroon (Final year group # 1)

 Fig # 5 Steel Pipes

Plastic Pipes (PVC)

Plastic pipe is particularly useful in areas where severe corrosion problems are a possibility
Polyvinyl Chloride pipe is not subject to corrosion or builds up from corrosion by products. It is
also advantageous in areas subject to earthquake shocks or where the live loading, shifting or
movement of the earth is anticipated. Water Supply Design
Life time is about 25 years
Inexpensive, easy to install, small pumping cost
Gasoline from soil can pass into pipe. Not available in larger size.
Only available up to 350mm diameter and mainly used for domestic purposes
Weak to sustain load and piling

Galvanized iron Pipes

The Galvanized iron pipes information are following
Produced by dipping Cast Iron pipe in molten Zinc.
Mainly used for plumbing.
High durability, weld consistency and superior finish
Great resistance to corrosion
Responsive to rigorous fabrication

Muhammad Haroon (Final year group # 1)

 Increased bend ability with Diameter of Pipes

Fig # 6 Galvanized iron Pipes

Design Period

It is the number of years in future for which the proposed facility would meet the demand of the
community. Selection of an appropriate design period for a particular facility / component of
water supply system is very important and dependent upon following factors. Water Supply
Design
Length or life of structure
Ease of extension
First cost
Rate of interest (design period is shorter)
Economy of scale
Lead time
Keeping in view these points the design period of our water supply system is

For reservoir, the design period is 25-50 years (in our design it for 20years).
For tube well, design period is 5-years (easy to install).

Muhammad Haroon (Final year group # 1)

 For distribution system design period is 25-years (difficult to replace) Water Supply
Design
Adequate design period in water supply system is provided because

Too frequent extension in water supply system is not possible

Reasonable economics of scale are achieved

Water distribution design data

No of Plots = 2000

No of Apartments = 15

No of Flats = 50

Design period = 20 years

Population forecast

Present (2009) Design (2029)

Persons/plot 20 50

Persons/apartment 800 1800

Persons/flat 900 2000

Muhammad Haroon (Final year group # 1)

 LAYOUT OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SCHEME

Muhammad Haroon (Final year group # 1)

Population forecasting

Present Population Pp= 1) 281×20+400×3+200×3 = 7420

Present Population Pp= 2) 281×50+600×3+400×3 =17050

Annual Growth Rate = 2.1% (For Pakistan, 2008 report)

Design Population Pd

1) Pd = Pp x (1+2/100)20
Pd = 17050x(1+2/100)20 = 25335
Per capita water consumption = 344 lpcd

Average Design flow = 25335 x 344 = 8462025 Lit/day

Minimum residual pressure and roughness coefficient

Minimum residual pressure should be 14m and the roughness coefficient used = C = 120

Design of tank diameter

Discharge = Q = 23.1 lit/sec = 83160 lit/hr = 83.16 m 3/hr
Duration for storage = 8 hrs
Volume of Water for storage = Q x t = 83.16 x 8 = 665.28 m3
and Area = L x W …….So Volume = A.D
Usually D = 8ft to 10 ft
Let D = 3m in our case

Muhammad Haroon (Final year group # 1)

Area = Volume /D = 668.28/3 = 221.76m2
Equivalent Diameter = 1.128 x = 16.79m = 17m

Tube well design

Design Head = Depth of water + draw down of water table +losses in pumping chamber +losses
in pipe from tube well to O.H.R + difference in elevation between T/W & O.H.R + Height of
O.H.R
So H = 30`+30`+10`+hl+20m+20m
Now to make units consistent we have to convert all dimensions in meters.
But first we have to find Head Loss in the pipe. Water Supply Design
Hl= (4.f.l.v^2)/(2.g.d)
Here f = 0.0046 and length = 87.3m , velocity is usually from 5ft/sec so convert it in meter we
get 1.524m/sec
Hl = (4*0.0046*87.3*(1.524^2))/(2*9.81*d)
Now we don’t have the value of d . We will get d from Q=A.V
Here Q = Max flow = Avg x 1.5
Q= 23.1liter/sec = 0.0231m3/sec x 1.5 = 0.03465m3/sec
0.03465m3/sec = π2 x 1.524m/sec
From here we get d = 170mm now the diameters available in the market are in the following
sequence Water Supply Design
80 mm, 100 mm, 150 mm, 200 mm, 250 mm, 300 mm, 400 mm, 500 mm, 1000 mm
So we round our diameter to 200mm and thus the velocity will also change to v = 1.103m/sec
Now the Head loss comes out to be 0.498m
So the Total head becomes now 9.114 + 9.114 + 3.048 + 0.498 + 20+20 = H = 61.7m

Muhammad Haroon (Final year group # 1)

Pump/motor B.h.p design

B.H.P = BRAKE HORSE POWER

BHP = Gama*Q*H / 550 * nu (efficiency)

= (62.4*1.2375*201.345)/(550*0.6)
Efficiency of a motor is about 60% and for diesel motors its 50%
B.H.P = 47.17 B.h.p

Design of strainer/wall screen

Q = A.V
Q = Max flow = 0.03465
V = 0.02 – 0.06 m/sec …..Let us take v = 0.04m/sec
0.03465 = π.d. L x 0.04m/sec
Diameter of strainer is usually 10”
So, the Length of Strainer comes out to be 9m

Water Supply Design

Muhammad Haroon (Final year group # 1)