WINDOW AIR-CONDITIONER

This is also called as window type room air-conditioner because it can be

accommodated in window of walls. This unit is suitable for cooling the rooms in
hot summer.

The window air-conditioner works on the vapour compression refrigeration cycle.

Description

The basic components of a window air-conditioner are compressor, condenser, a

capillary tube and an evaporator, in addition filters, accumulators, motors, fans and
electrical controls. This unit consists of

1. A cooling system to cool and dehumidify the air which includes a condenser, a
compressor and a refrigerant coil.

2. A filter to remove any impurities in the air. The filter is finished of with mesh,
glass wool or fibre.
3. A fan and adjustable grills to circulate the air.

4. Controls to regulate equipment operation.

Working Principle

The high-pressure refrigerant which comes out of the compressor is condensed in

the condenser using ambient air a coolant. The liquid refrigerant is expanded in a
capillary tube and then enters the evaporator. Here, it evaporates and roots the
refrigeration effect. Then fan blows the fresh air over the evaporator coil, which
cools the air. The cool air is supplied to the room. Meanwhile, refrigerant from the
evaporator enters the compressor to be compressed and the cycle repeats itself. The
return air from the room is exhausted by the evaporator fan be blowing air over the
condenser coil, where it picks up heat from the refrigerant.
The compressor used in a window air-conditioner is hermetic type, which is sealed
in a casing with a motor. The condenser coil is a continuous copper coil with
aluminium fins. The capillary tube is 40cm long, usually with 0.75mm diameter.
Evaporator coil is also made of copper with aluminium fins. Dampers and louvers
are provided for intake and exhaust on both sides of the air-conditioner casing.

A cone ton window air-conditioner circulated 4m³/min of air in the room. Some
fraction of air is fresh, whereas some faction of air is recirculated. Filters are used
to filter air entering the air-conditioning unit. The filter is plastic foam or metallic
mat type. The controls used by the unit are
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a) Thermostat Control: This is used to set the room air temperature. Usually it is a
bimetallic strip.

b) Master Control: It is an electrical switch used to stop or start the compressor

motor.

The installation of the unit is done either in the wall or by using external brackets
or locating it inside the room with exhaust flush to the window. In either case, the
condenser should be facing outside and the evaporator should be facing inside. It is
advisable to install the unit for a minimum sun exposure as sun’s rays can diminish
the efficiency of the condenser. The air louver inlets should not be blocked and
provision for draining of the condensate must be provided. Maintenance of the
window air-conditioner should include interrupted cleaning, replacing filters and
air seals and lubrication of fans.

Vapour Compression Refrigeration System | Refrigeration System

By magnaparthi in Thermal on 22/04/2020

One comment

Vapour compression refrigeration system

The most important of all the refrigeration system is the vapour compression
refrigeration system with the view point of commercial and domestic utility. This
system is the most practical form of refrigeration.

Principle
in this system Freon-12 or freon-22 is used as refrigerant. This refrigerant is
capable of readily evaporation and condensation without leaving the plant during
the evaporation state it absorbs heat from heated body. This absorbed heat is used
as latent heat for converting it from liquid to vapour state. In the condensation or
cooling process it rejects the heat to the external body. Thus it produces a cooling
effect in the working fluid.

Description

Vapour compression refrigeration system consists of the following parts.

Compressor: The purpose of the compressor is to raise the temperature and
pressure of the input refrigerant which has low pressure and low temperature.

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| Window Air Conditioner

Discharge line: A discharge line is used for delivering the high pressure, high
temperature vapour from the discharge of the compressor to the condenser.

Condenser: The temperature of the hot refrigerant is reduced using a coolant with
the help of condenser.
Receiver tank: Receiver tank is used to provide storage for a condensed liquid so
that a constant supply of liquid is available to the evaporator as required.

Liquid line: A liquid line transmits the liquid refrigerant from the receiver tank to
the refrigerant flow control.

Expansion valve: The proper amount of refrigerant liquid to the evaporator is

controlled by the expansion valve.

Evaporator: An evaporator provides a cooling effect to the refrigerated space. The

liquid refrigerant absorbs heat from the refrigerated surface and gets converted into
refrigerant vapour.

Suction line: The low pressure vapour from the evaporator is transferred to the
suction inlet of the compressor with the help of suction line.

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Working principle

A simple vapour compression system follows the following chain,

Compression – condensation – expansion – vaporization

The vapour at low temperature and low pressure enters the compressor where it is
compressed which makes the temperature and pressure to increase considerably.
From the compressor the vapour enters the condenser where it is condensed to a
very high pressure liquid and it is collected in a receiver tank. From the receiver
tank, the refrigerant slowly passes through the expansion valve, where it is
throttled down to a lower pressure. Finally it reaches the evaporator where it
extracts heat from the surrounding where it is being refrigerated and vaporizes to
low pressure vapour. Thus the surrounding is cooled. From the evaporator the low
pressure refrigerant vapour enters the compressor. This process is repeated as a
cycle.
Advantages of vapour compression refrigeration system

· Running cost of this system is low

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· For a fixed capacity of refrigeration, it is compact in size.

· This is employed for a large range of temperatures.

· The size of the evaporator is small.

· This system is available in variety of sizes.

Disadvantages of vapour compression refrigeration system

· Cost of the refrigerant is high.

· Refrigerant leakage is a problem.

· Initial cost is high.

· Energy consumption in the form of electricity is high.