EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN

Overview of Embedded System Blocks

Pavitra Y J
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Embedded System Design
Pavitra Y J
Electronics and
Communication Engineering
Embedded System Design
Embedded System Blocks
Embedded System Design
Embedded System Blocks

• Analog components
- Sensors, controllers,…
• Digital components
- Processor, coprocessors
- Memories
- Controllers, busses
- ASIC: Application-Specific Integrated Circuit, a
chip designed for a particular application
• Converters
– A/D, D/A, …
• Software
- Application programs
- Exception handlers
Embedded System Design
Hardware components of an Embedded System

• CPU: Microprocessor/ Microcontroller/DSP

• Non Volatile memory: EPROM, Flash
• Volatile memory: DRAM, SRAM
• System clocks: RTC circuitry, System clock
• Standard devices: I/O ports, peripherals,
• Custom devices: FPGA, PAL
• Communication devices and drivers: Ethernet, RS-232,
USART
• Debug mechanism: Debug port, Watchdog timer, JTAG,
ICE
• Buses for device networks: I2C, CAN, SPI, etc.
Embedded System Design
Processor Classifications

• Based on register size

-8 bit
-32 bit
Processors can be classified as 8 bit/16 bit/32 bit /64 bit
based on the size of their internal registers

• Typically, the data bus width equals the size of the data
registers so that the register data can be read/written in one
read/write cycle.
Embedded System Design
Based on Endianness

-Big Endian
Eg: SPARC, power PC

- Little Endian
Intel processors

- Configurable Processors
some processors can be configured during boot up process
as big or little endian. Eg: ARM processors
Embedded System Design
Based on sequencing of bytes of word

Little Endian Big Endian

Embedded System Design
Based on Instruction Set

CISC RISC
• Complex instruction set • Reduced instruction set
computer computer
• It is prominent on • It is prominent on
hardware software
• Multiple instruction • Instructions of same size
sizes and formats with few formats
Embedded System Design
Based on Instruction Set

CISC
• Less registers
• More addressing modes
• Instructions take varying
amount of cycle time
• Pipelining is difficult
RISC
• More registers
• Less addressing modes
• Instructions take one
cycle time
• Pipelining is efficient

F D E
F D E
F D E
Embedded System Design
Based on Instruction Set

LDR R1, 05h

CISC Add R0, 05h RISC ADD R0,R1
• Many instructions can • Only Load and Store can
reference memory reference memory
• Large number of • Less number of
complex instructions instructions
• Uses microprogrammed • Uses hardwired control
control unit unit
Ex: Pentium, SHARC(DSP) Ex: ARM7, ARM9
Embedded System Design
Based on Instruction & Data Storage

Von Neumann Harvard

Embedded System Design
Based on Instruction & Data Storage

Von Neumann Harvard

• Uses same physical • Uses separate memory
memory for instruction for instruction and data
and data
• Processor needs to do
instruction and data • Parallel access
access sequentially
• Simpler control unit • Complex control unit
design design
Embedded System Design
Based on Instruction & Data Storage

Von Neumann Harvard

• Simple & Cheap • Complex & Costlier
• Used in Personal • Used in microcontroller
computers, laptops, based and DSP based
workstations systems
 THANK YOU
Pavitra Y J
Electronics & Communication
Engineering

pavitra.yj@pes.edu
+91 80 2672 1983 EXT:741