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Clinical and applied anatomy

The neroanatomy
Cranial nerves (1st + 2nd)
olfactory and optic nerves

By
Dr. omer abdelsalam mohammed
2017

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Functional components of the spinal cord (mainly, closed
part)

Alar lamina
- (GSA) General Somatic Afferent.
- (GVA) General Visceral Afferent.
- (GVE) General Visceral Efferent.
- (GSE) General Somatic Efferent.

Basal lamina

Neuron columns in the embryonic spinalcord

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Functional components of the brain stem (mainly, open part)
1/ (SSA) Special Somatic Afferent.
2/ (GSA) General Somatic Afferent.
3/ (SVA) Special Visceral Afferent.
4/ (GVA) General VisceralAfferent.
5/ (GVE) General Visceral Efferent.
6/ (SVE) Special Visceral Efferent.
7/ (GSE) General Somatic Efferent.
(SSE) X

Sulcus limitans

1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7

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 9/ Cranial nerves

Location of the cranial nerves

- Anterior cranial fossa:

C.N. 1–2
- Middle cranial fossa:
C.N. 3-6
- Posterior cranial fossa:
C.N. 7-12

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Sensory nerve Motor nerve Mixed nerve Innervation of
branchial muscles
- Olfactory (1). - Oculomotor (3). -Trigeminal (5)
- Optic (2). - Facial (7) - Trigemial.
- Trochlear (4).
- Facial .
- Vestibulocochlear (8). - Abducens (6). - Glossopharyngeal (9) - Glossopharyngeal.
- Accessory (11). - Vagus (10) -Vagus.
- Part of accessory
- Hypoglossal (12). (indirectly)

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Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory

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Cranial Nerve II: Optic

- Arises from the retina of the eye

- Optic nerves pass through the optic canals
and converge at the optic chiasm
- They continue to the thalamus
(lateral geniculate body) where they
synapse
- From there, the optic radiation fibers
run to the visual cortex (area 17)
- Functions solely by carrying afferent
impulses
for vision

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