Exper i men t N o .

Pr ogr am : B . PHARM
Ba tc h : A an d

Sub BP 60 9 PSub -title H e rb a l

Co de Drug
Te c h nool g y
Prac t ical

2
LT P Cre d it Su bej c t Compusl o rYye ar 2 0 19 -20
Se me s teSr ixth
0: Cate g o ry
0:
4

: e xtboo k of P h armaco g no sy by C .K . Ko k a
Re fe renc e T te , P uro h i t ,
Go k hlae (20 07 ) , 3 7 th E dti oi n , Nirail Pra k ash an ,
New Delhi . Kok ate CK . P rac tical P h armac ogno sy .

O bjec t iv e : Val abh P rak a shan , 20 10 , P ag e No . 36 .

To p e rf o rm premil in ary p h y to ch emci al scre e nin g of
crud e drug s .
h ttp s: / /ww w .y o u tub e c. o m/w atc h ? v = GSH ez85LK e o
i dh uk ube rap p a /p h y toch e m ci al -s c re eni ng
h t t p s : / /www.s l i d es h a re . n e t /Sn
E quipm enTt /es t tube , h eat ing m e ntal , b eak e r an d extrac ti o n
Glas s wareassem byl .
e qumri ec
CRhe i da: ls :
Solv e n t s and Chem ic asl f o r p h yto c h em ci al test
su c h as fo r al k aol id s : Drag androf , M e y e r , Hag ers and
Wag ne r ’s .
 It ref e rs to th e ex trac toi n , sc reening and di entfi ci ation o f th e
medci ni aly actvi e s ubs tances foun d in pl ant s . Th e p a
l nt h as
P rinci p el : be e n use d as a me dci ni e in anc ien t . N o w day’s
ph armac e utic al c o mpanei s s tart p roc e ssni g o f me d i c in al and aro -
mat i c pal nts ni th eir f ormua
l tio n by u sni g e x t ra c t oi n o f a ctive
c o mp on ents . Se veral p ro c e s ses l ki e dist lai toi n , e ffle urag e , m a -
cerat i o n , exp re ssoi n , s o vl ent e x t rac toi n , and fl u id e xt rac ti o n
are av ai l ab le fo r extraction o f p l ant c o m p o ne nt . Stan d ardzi a -
tio n o f c rude drug i po rt ant ro el n
p lay s a very m ig
i ide ntify n
th e p urti y and q uailty o f c ru de d rug s . s t andard iz atoi n wh ic h i nc -
ludes Mo i stu re c onte nt , t o ta l ash , acid ni solu bl e ash , w ate r
s ol u bel a sh , w ate r so l uble e xtrac tive valu e , alc o h o l s o l u b el
extrac tvi e v aul e , P h y to c h emic al sc ree nin g , and furth er i s o l atio n
an d i d e ntific atoi n of ph yto con s t itue n ts . Th e g e ne ral
te c h niq ues o f medicni al p lant e x t ra c tio n incl ude mac e rat ion ,
i fusio n , pe rcolatoi n , di g e stio n , d e c o c t oi n , h ot co nt inuo us e x trac -
n
toi n (S o x h let ) , aq u eo us - al c o h o li c e x trac t io n by f ermen ta -
tion , co unt ercurrent e x tractoi n , microw av e -ass ist e d e x t rac tio n ,
utl ras o und e xt rac ti o n (so nicatio n ) , s up e rc rti ci al ful i d e x t rac -
tio n , and p h yto nic e xtrac t i on (with h y dro fluoro c arbon solv e nts ) .
Fo r aro matci p l ants , hy d ro dis t liatoi n te c h niq u es (w at e r
d is t il at oi n , steam d istli atoi n , water and s team distliatoi n ) , h y d royl tic
maceratio n f ollo w ed by d istli atio n , e x pre s s i o n an d
e f fl eurage ( co ld fat e x t ractio n ) may be e mp l oyed . S o m e o f
the l ate s t e x trac tion me th o ds f o r aro matic p a
l nt s inc l ud e h e -
ad s p ac e tra pp ing , so dil p h ase mci ro extrac toi n , pro top a
l s t e xtrac -
toi n , mci ro dsi t li la t i on , t h erm o mci ro dsi tial tio n an d m o l e cular
li tion . S om e
d is ta o f th e b io active su b stan c e s th at c a n be de -
l nt s are ide ntfi ei d t h ro ugh varoi us c he mic al te s t
riv e d from pa
are flav o no di s , akl aloi d s , c aro teno id s , tannin , antio xidants , and
p he n olci c o mp o und s .
Sam p el p lant mate rial s w ere fri stly w ashe d ge n tl y under
i g tap wate r to re move d ust and s oi l and th e n rin se d
ru nnn
w i th
 d si tli le d w ate r . Th e l e av e s, s t ems and ro ots were
sep arate d an d c ut into smal p ei ce s . T h e dfi ferent
sam p e
l s we re f ro z e n , f re e z e d rei d and p uvl e rzi ed

i nto a fine p o w d er wti h a al borat o ry eel c trci b le n d e r .

The p o wd ered p a i sl were stored ni airtgi h t
l nt m ate ra
P ro c e du re :
b o ttles . F iv e grams of th e p a l nt samples (leav es ,
ste m s , and ro o ts ) we re e xtrac te d se p arat eyl wit h d is -
til l e d wate r a nd 7 0 % e th ano l by mac e ratoi n (2 4 hrs
f o r e ac h s o lven t ) with co nst ant sh ak in g . Th e h omo -
g e nate s we re t hen ftli e re d t h ro u g h Wh at man ®
filter p ap e r (0 .4 5 µ m po re size ) an d th e e xtracts
( 0 .0 5 g /m l ) were al l s to red at 4 ºC .

Qu aitl atvi e Phyt o c h emci al A nalyssi

Al t h e ext racts (0 . 0 5 g /m l ) w e re s ubej cted t o pre -
l im i nary ph yto c h e m ic a l scre e ning f ol o win g standard
me th o ds f o r d e te c t io n of t h e fo l o w ing
c o nst ti u ent s: Ste roid s : F i v e m il itl e rs o f c h ol ro fo rm
a nd 5 ml o f H 2SO4 we re add e d t o 50 0 µl o f t he
p re pare d p la nt ext ra c t s . The pres e nce o f ste roids was
i n dci at e d by a co ol r ch ang e from voi le t to b lu e o r
gre e n or a rin g of bul e /g re e n or if th e upper layer
t u rns re d and the sul p hurci laye r was y el ol w wti h a
gre en fl uore sc enc e .
i s : A b o ut 3
Sapo n n m l o f pal nt e xtracts we re
ad de d to 3 ml o f d si tiled w at er and sh ake n
v gi oro us ly . The formatio n of a stabel p e rs is tent f rot h
w as taken as a p o sitiv e te s t fo r s ap o nins .
A kl aol id s : A p p ro x im ately 3 ml o f e xtra c ts were
added t o 3 ml of 1% HCl and h e ated fo r 2 0 mni .
T h e m ixture s w e re th e n c o o le d and u sed t o
pe rf o rm th e fo ol w ing t e sts: M aye r ’ s te st : To t h e ftil rate
in te s t t ube I , 1 ml o f May er ’ s re ag e nt was add ed
dro p
 b y d ro p. T h e fo rmat oi n of a g reenish c o lore d or cre am p rec ip i -
tate n
i d ic ated th e pre se nc e o f al k aol di s .
T o th e fi tl rat e in te s t tu b e II , 1 ml of D ra -
D rag andro f t est :
gan drof reagent w as adde d dro p by dro p . Th e form a -
toi n of a re d d si h -bro wn p recpi ti ate n
i di cate d th e prese n c e of
P ro cedurealk: alo i d s .
Wag ne r ’ s te s t : T o t h e f itl rate in tube III , 1 m l of Wagner ’s
reag ent was ad d e d drop b y dro p. Th e i n of
formato a
re d dish -bro wn pre c pi itate ind ic at ed th e p resen c e o f akl al odi s .
P ro te i n
X ant ho p ro te ci test : A fe w d rop s of nitric acid w ere adde d t o
2 ml of plan t e xtrac ts and a co l or ch ange t o ye lo w was
o b se rved .
Anth o c y anin : A pp roximately 2 ml of t h e p re pare d p l ant
e xtrac ts w e re ad ded to 2 ml o f 2N HCl an d amm o n ia . Th e
app earan c e o f a p ni k red c o ol rati o n th at tu rne d b lue vio el t n
i -
dic at ed th e p re s e nc e o f anth o c y anin .
Coum arin : A bo ut 3 m l o f 10 % NaO H were adde d to 2 m l
of p lant extrac t s . Th e f o rmatoi n of a ye lo w co ol r was an n
i -
dic atio n fo r th e pre s e nc e of c o umarn
i s . Carbo h ydrat es
Fe h ln
i g te st : Tw o mil lti e rs of e a c h plant ex trac t we re h yd ro l y z e d

with dli ute HCl , ne utralzi e d with akl ail , a nd th en hea ted w ith
F eh li ng s’ sol u toi n A and B . T h e format ion of a re d p re c i p it at e
i dci atio n f o r th e p re s enc e of a reducing sug ar .
was an n
Fal v ono id
A kl al ine re age nt test : T hre e m i il l ti ers o f pal n t e xtrac t w as
treat e d wti h 1 ml o f 10% NaOH s o lu tio n . Th e f o rmatoi n o f
an i nt e nse ye l low c o ol r w as an ni dicati on o f th e p re s enc e
o f flav o no d
i s.
Le uc o ant h o c yanin : A pp ro x imate ly 5 ml o f iso amy l ac
l o h ol

we re adde d to 5 ml o f p lant e x t rac ts . T he ap p e arance

o f a red up pe r laye r n
i di cate d t h e presen c e of Leuco anth o cyanin .
Cardia c G yl c os di es
 Ke el r -Kil an i : Tes t T w o milte rs of plant extrac t
were t reated wti h 2 ml gal ca
i l ac e t ic ac id co nt ainni g a
dro p o f Fe C3l . A bro wn c o lo red ring or brown v i o el t
un d er a bro w n g ree nish l ayer in d ic ated th e presence
o f c ard a i c g l ycosdi es .
Pro c e du re P: h lob atannins : T wo mlti e rs o f 1 % H Cl w ere adde d

to 3 m l o f pal n t e x tracts an d bo eli d . T h e d e p os i -

t oi n of a red p re c ip it ate was tak en as ev idenc e
f o r th e p res enc e o f ph l obatann ni s .
T e rpe nodi s : Ap pro ximatel y 2 ml o f c h ol rofo rm and 3 ml
o f H2SO4 we re add e d to 5 m l o f p lan t ex trac ts . A
reddish -b ro wn c ool ratoi n was tak e n as p o sitvi e te st
fo r te rp e no d
i s.
T est f or ph eno ls an d t annins
Ferrci ch l ordi e tes t : Tw o mil it ers o f 5 % so lut oi n of
Fe C3l w ere add e d to 1 ml crud e e x tracts. A b al ck or
blue g reen c olo r ni dic at e d th e pre s e nce o f tannins
an d p he n osl .

R ebssueltrv:at oi n :
O
i in ary p h y to c h e mic al sc re e ning o f
Th e re sult s o f pre lm
p lan t s ampel s are d e s c rbi e d in tabl e
 Expe r i me n t No . :

Pr og r a m : B . P HA RM
B atc h : A &

Su b B P 6 0 9 PSub -t itl e He rbal

Co de Drug
T ec hnol o g y
Prac t ic al

2
LTP Credti Su bje ct Co m p ulsoYrye ar 2019 -2S0e m e st eSrixth
0: Categ o ry
0:
4

Textboo k of Ph a rm a c ogn osy by C .K .

R e fe renc e : Ko k ate , Pur ohi t , G okhl ae ( 2 0 0 7 ) ,
3 7th Edi ti on , N i r a l i P r a k asha n ,
Ne w De l h i . Kok ate C K . Pra cti c al
P har mac ogno sy . Val l abh Pr akasha n ,
2 0 10 , Pag e N o . 36 .
O bj ecti ve :
To d e te rmn i e a l c ohol c onte n t of
A sava

h ttps : / / w ww . yo u t ube . c o m / w atc h ? v =z Jj IW80 S LM k

E q u i pme n t / pH m eter , Pycn ometer , Roun d bo tto m
Gl asswar e Fl ask and Co nd en se r et c .
Re qui r ed :
Ch emi c a l s : S ol vents and A sava sa mpl e
 A ri shta s and asav a s are sel f - ge n e rated
her bal fe r men tati o ns of tr adi ti o n al
Ayur ved i c system . Th e y are al co h o l i c me -
di ca ments pr ep ar e d by a ll owi n g th e he r bal
j u i ces or the ri d ec oc ti o ns to u n d e rgo
fermentati on w i t h the add i toi n of sug ars.
P r i nc ipl e : Ar i shtas a r e ma de w i th d e c o c ti on s o f
herbs i n boi l ing wat er w hi l e asa v as are
pr e p a r e d by d ir e ctl y u si ng fr e sh he rba l
j u i c es . Fer men tati on o f both pr e p a r a ti ons
is t ak es pl a c e by th e add i ti on of a so -
u r ce of su g a r w ti h dha t a k i
( Woodfor di a fr u tic osa Kur z ) fl o w e r s .
Many p rep arati o ns con tai n ad d ti i ona l spi ces
fo r i mp r o vi n g t he i r assi mi l a ti on . Th ey are
moder atel y al c ohol i c ( up to 12 % by vo -
lu me ) and sw e e t ish w ti h sl i g ht a ci dti y
a nd ag r ee abl e aro ma . Pr e sen c e of
al c o hol i n the pre par at i o n sh ow s seve r al
advan tages , li k e better keepi ng qua li ty , en -
h a n ced the ra peu ti c prop er ti es , i mpr o ve m en t
i n th e effi c i e ncy of e xtr ac ti on of dr u g
mo l ec u l e s from the her bs an d
i m pr o v e me n t i n d rug d el i ve r y i n to th e
h u man bo d y site s . Ind i an A yu rve d ic
l iter a tur e that i ncl u d e d Arishta and a sava
ar e C har aka Sa mhi ta , Su sh ru ta Samh i ta ,
A sta n g a Hr i d a ya , B hai sh aj ya Ratnav al i ,
S arn g adhar a Samh i ta , Khad ha n -
i g r ag a m , Arsa sc h iki tsh a , S agasra yogam ,
Chi ki tsha sthan am , Y og a r atnag a r am , Asava -
r ishtasa ngr agam , Sha th ag un asa ngr a ham and
Asta n g asan g r aham .
 P r oc ed ur e D e ter min ati o n of p H :
Th e pH val u e of th e A sa va si de -
ter mi ned pote n tiometr i cal l y by m eans
o f g l a ss e l ectr ode and su ita bl e pH
meter . Det e r m i n ati on o f Speci fi c gra -
vi ty :
A p yc nomete r of 25 ml capacti i es i s
Pr oc e d ure : c l e aned , d ri ed , and w e ighed . It
si fi l le d up t o the mar k w i th w ate r
at th e r e qu i r e d tempe r atur e an d w e -
gi hed. The pycnom eter i s the n n e xt
fil l ed u p to t h e mark sam pl e , at
th e same tempe r atu r e and wei g hed .
The sp e ci fi c gr a v ti y i s d eter mi ned by
d ivi d i ng th e w ei g ht of sampl e
e xp r essed i n g ram s by th e wei g ht
of water , e xp resse d i n g ra ms .
Dete r mina tio n of Al c o hol c on te n t : ( I n
absen ce of v ol ati l e o i l ) : Measur e 100
ml o f th e pre p a r ation i n a g r a -
d uate d fl ask a t 20 ° C , the f l ask
m ay i mme rg ed in i c e wa ter vessel s ,
th e temperatu re bei ng ma in tain ed at
2 0 °C by ad d i n g water or i ce , the n
tr ansfe r to i t a fl ask of 5 00 - 80 0 ml
c apac i t y , wash the gr aduated f l ask
wi th 50 ml of w ate r , add th e
w ash i ng to th e con t ent o f a l ar ge
fl as k , and a l i ttl e am oun t of
pu mi ce powd e r . Ne utral i se i f
ne c essary , wi th sod i um hydr o xi de
sol uti o n . Thsi ma y be c o n v en tional l y
don e
 by titr ati n g a n al i qu ot of the sa mpl e , a fter
th e d i l u t ion , wi th N /10 so di um
hydro xi de u si ng phen o l phth al e i n so l utoi n i n -
dic ator , ca l cul ate th e v o l u me ne c e ssar y
to n eu tral i se 100 ml a n d a dd i n g th si
amou n t o f so d i um hyd r oxi d e to the
sampl e of fl ask . Con n ect th e fl a sk to a
P ro ce -
c on de n ser by means of a su i tabl e sti l l head
d ur e :
a n d d i sti l at l e a st 90 ml , i n to 10 0
ml . w i th water at t he same t emp er atur e .
D e t e r mi ne the spec i fi c gravi ty at 2 0 ° C ,
r e ad of f pe r ce ntage o f eth yl al coho l
c or r e spon dn i g to the sp ec ifi c g ravi t y fr o m
the A ppe nded ta bl e .
O bse r va t i o n : T h e speci fi c grav it y o f e thyl al coho l si d e ter -
mi n ed o n th e basi s o f c a l c ul a ti o n .
Re sult :
T h e specifi c gravi ty of g i v en samp l e of
Asav a was fo un d to be
 E xperi me n t N o . :

P r o gr a m : B . P H A RM
B atc h : A ,

Sub B P 6 0 9SPu b -tti l eH erbal

C o de D rug
Tec hno ol g y
Prac tci a l

2
LTP Cre d ti Sub je ct Comp u sl oryY ear2 0 19 - 2S0eme s tSeixrth
0: Cate g o ry
0:
4

Tex tbo ok of P harmac ogno sy by C . K . Kok a te ,

Re fe rence : P ur ohti , Gok hl ae ( 2007 ) , 3 7th E di ti o n ,
N irali Pr a k a sh a n , N ew Del h i . K ok a te CK .
Pr ac t ic al Pharmaco g n osy . Va l l abh
P raka shan , 20 10 , P age No . 36 .
Obj e c - To d e te rmi n e al c ohol c on te nt of Ar ishta
ti ve :
Eq u - pH me ter , Pyc nom ete r , R oun d botto m Fl ask
i pmen t / a nd Con de n se r .
Gl assw ar e
Re q u i re d :
Chemic al s : Eth an ol Sol ven ts an d M ar kete d sampl e
o f Ar i shta .
A r i shtas an d asav as ar e se l f - ge ne rate d
he r bal
 fe r m en tat i ons o f tra diti on al A yu rv ed i c
sy stem . They ar e al co h o l i c me -
d i c amen ts p r epa r e d by a l l owi n g the
he r bal j u ci es o r theri de c octi o n s to
u n d erg o fer ment ati on w i th the a ddi -
P r i nci pl e : ti on o f sugar s . Ar i sh ta s are ma d e
wi th deco c t i o n s o f her bs i n bo i l n i g
w ater w hi l e a sav a s are pr e par e d by
d i rectl y usi n g fr e sh he rba l j u i ces . Fe r -
me ntati on o f both p r eparati on s i s
tak e s pl ac e by the a d d i ti on o f a
sour c e of sug a r wi th d hata k i
(Wo o dford ia fr u ti c o sa K urz ) fl o wers .
Man y pr e par a ti on s c o n tai n
ad di ti on a l sp ic es for i m prov i n g
t h ei r assi mi l a ti o n . Th ey are mod er a -
tel y al c oh o l ic ( u p to 12 % by vo -
l u me ) a n d sw ee ti sh wi th sl ig ht
aci di ty a nd agreeabl e aro ma .
P r e sen c e of al coh o l i n the
prepar a ti o n sh ows sev e r al advan -
ta ge s , l i k e be tter k eep i n g qual i t y ,
enha n c ed ther a peu ti c pro p e r ti e s , i mp -
r ov eme nt ni the e ff i c i en cy o f e x tr ac -
ti on of d ru g m o l e c ul es f r o m the
he rbs and i m pro v emen t i n drug del i -
ver y in t o the h u ma n bod y sti es .
Indi an A yur v e d i c l i ter atu re t h at i nc -
lud ed A ri sh ta and asava are Ch a rak a
S a mh ti a , Sush ru ta Sa mhita , A stan g a
H ri d a ya , B hai shaj ya Ratn av al i ,
Sa r ng ad h a ra Sa mhita , Khadh a n -
i gra g am ,
 Arsa schi ki tsh a , Sa ga sr ayog am , Chi k i tsha st -
hanam , Y og arat n agar am , Asa va ri sh tasan g -
r ag am , Sh atha gu nasa n gr aham a n d A stan -
gasan gr ah am .

Pr inc ipl e :
Pr ocedur e Determ i n ati on of pH : The p H
v al u e of the Asava si d e term i n e d pote n -
t oi metr ical l y by me ans o f g l ass e l ectro de
and su i table p H met e r . Dete rmi n ati o n of
S pe c i fi c gr a v i ty :
A py c nom eter of 2 5 ml capaci ties i s
c le an e d , drei d , an d w ei g hed . I t is
Pr oc e dur e :
fi l l ed u p to the m ar k w ith wate r at t he
re qu i r e d tem pe r atu r e an d weig h ed . T h e
p yc n o me te r i s the n n e x t f i l l e d u p t o t h e
ma r k sam pl e , at the sa me tempe r atu re
a nd wei ghed . Th e speci fi c gravity i s deter -
mi ned by di vdi i ng t h e weig ht of sampl e exp -
r e ssed i n g r ams by t h e wei g ht of w a ter ,
e xpr e ssed i n g r am s . D e terminati o n of Al coho l
co n ten t : ( In abse nce of vol a ti l e o i l ) :
Me a sur e 100 ml o f the pre p arat ion i n a
gr adu ate d fl ask a t 2 0 °C , the f l ask may
i mm erg ed in i ce water v e ssel s , the te m -
p e ratur e bei ng ma i n tain ed a t 20 °C
by ad d i ng w ate r or i ce , then tran sfer to
i t a fl ask of 500 -800 ml c apaci ty , w ash
the gr a du a ted fl ask w it h 5 0 ml of w a ter ,
a d d t he w ashn i g t o the c o n te nt of a
l ar g e fl a sk , and a l i ttl e amou n t of
pu m i ce
 powd er . Ne u tr al ize , i f n e ce ssar y ,
w i th so dui m h ydroxi d e so lu ti on . Thi s
ma y be c o nve nti o nal l y d on e by tti -
r ati n g a n a l i q u ot o f th e sa mpl e ,
af t er th e dil uti o n , w i th N / 10
sodium hyd ro xi d e u si ng
phenol phthalei n sol u ti o n i n d i c ator ,
cal cu l ate the vo l u me n e cessary to
Pr oce du r e : ne utra l i ze 1 0 0 m l and a d d i ng th is
amou nt of sod i u m hyd r oxdi e to the
sampl e o f fl ask . Con nec t the fl a sk
to a c o n de n ser by m e an s o f a
su i tabl e sti l l hea d an d d i sti l a t
l e a st 90 m l , i n to 1 00 m l . with
water at t h e same te mpe r a t u r e .
D eter mine t he spe ci fi c g r a v i ty at
20 ° C , r ead off perc enta g e of
ethyl a l co h o l corr esp on d i ng to th e
spe ci f i c grav i ty fr o m the Appen d ed
tabl e .
Obse r v ati on :
T h e spe cific g ravi ty of e thyl a l c oh o l i s
de te r mi n ed base d on c a l cu l ation
Resu l t : from pr e sc ribe d tabl e .
The sp e c i fi c gr avity o f g i ven sa mpl e
o f A sava was f o u nd to be
Vi r - h ttps : / /www . y outube . co m / wa tc h ? v =zJj I W80SL M k
tu a l
Li n k
 E x pe ri m ent No . :

Pro g r am : B . PH ARM B a tc h :
A , B an d

P ub -tti el He rbal
Sub BP6 0 9S
Cod e Drug
Te c h n ool gy
Prac tical

2
LT P Credti Subje c t CompulsoryYear 20 1 9-20 Se mest e rS xi t h
0: Categ ory
0:
4

Refe ren ceT: extbo o k of Ph arm ac o gnosy b y C . K . Kok ate , Puro h ti ,

Gok h l ae (2 0 07 ) , 3 7th Ed ti oi n , Nirail P rak ash an , Ne w Delh i.
Kok ate CK. P rac tci al P h arm ac o g no sy . Val a
l bh P rak ash an , 20 1 0 ,
Pag e No . 3 6 .
Ob jec tive : T o e val uate exc pi ient s o f natural o rgi in
E q uipmentT/e st t ube , h e at ni g m en t al , be ake r an d e xt rac tio n as s e mbyl .
G la ssware

CRheeqm
uri eicdasl: :
Solven ts an d Ch em ic als f o r p h yto che m ic al test such as for akl a -
lo id s : D ra g androf , Me y e r , H ag ers and Wag ne r ’s .

P rni c pi le : T h e He rb al o r nat ural exc ipei nts h ave a g re at adv antage o ve r

theri sy n th et ic anaol g ue s a s the se are no n -to xci , l ess e xp e n -
il ble . Th e inc re asni g awaren es s ab out
svi e , and f ree l y avaa
these h erbal e xci pei nts, wh ic h are m anyl po yl me rs o f n atural
i ,
o rig n
 t h e p h a rmac euti c al indu s tries are ge tt ing mo re n i c nli ed
w ards th eir us e ni f o rm ul at oi n d e v elo p m en t . The
Princ iple : to
l n t de riv e d gum s , muc la
pa i ge s from natu ral s o urc e s
ikl e c arragee n an , th aumati n , al rd , st orax , ag ar , g um
acac i a , tra g ac anth , and many mo re to name c o m p ly
w ith man y re q uire m e n ts o f p h armac e utical exc i pi en ts .
The se c an be pre fe rred f o r fo rmua
l toi n d ev eol pme nt as
be i ng s tabl e and i nvo vl ing le ss re g ulat o ry si s ues as
c om pa red to th eri sy n th etic c ou nt er p art s . Th e y c an
asl o be eas yil mo dif ie d t o m eet th e spe c fi i c ne e d s ,
t he reby b e i n g a p o tent and e c o no m ci ve h i cle fo r d e -
i g re die nt in fo rmulation .
liv erni g activ e p harmac euti cal n
T h us , pre s ent s tud y am
i s to th row l gi h t o n t h e
pot e ntial o f natural e xc ipie nts wh ic h ca n be p ro po sed t o
b e u s e d as d uil en t , binder , d si n
i t e gran t as we l as lub-
ri c an t in v aroi us t y p es o f fo rm ulatoi ns as t h ey are b i -
o c omp atbi l e and c ap abl e o f g iv ing additi onal nutritoi n to
th e de v e ol pe d d o sag e fo rm .
Samp le pl ant m ate rial s we re f irstyl w ash e d g entyl
unde r run n ing ta p w ater t o re m o ve dus t and soil and
th en rni sed wti h dis til l ed wat e r . T h e leav e s, ste ms
and roo ts w ere se parated an d c ut ni to s mal pie c e s .
P ro c e d ure :
T h e dfi f e rent s am p el s we re fro z en , f reeze drei d
and p u lv e rzi e d int o a f ine p owd e r w i t h a lab oratory
e el c trci ble nder . Th e p o wd e red p lant matera
i sl w ere
store d in ai rtg
i ht l n t s a m p el s
b ot t les . F ive g ram s of th e pa
(l eav e s , s tems , and ro o ts ) were e x trac ted s ep arate ly
wit h di st eli d wate r an d 7 0 % eth ano l b y mac eratio n
(2 4 h rs f or each s o vl e nt ) w ith const an t s h aking . Th e
ho m o genate s were t h e n flitered th ro u g h Wh atm an ®
fi tl er p ap e r (0 .4 5 µ m po re s zi e ) an d the e xtrac t s (0 0. 5
g /m l ) we re al store d at 4 ºC .
 Qualti atvi e Ph ytoc h e m ical Anayl si s
Al th e e x tracts (0 . 0 5 g /ml ) we re su bje c te d t o p re m
li ni ary p h yt oc -
h emi c al s c reenin g fo l o wi ng s ta ndard met h o ds for d e tec toi n of
t he fo lo w ing c o nstti uents : Stero id s : F vi e m li ti ers of c h l oro fo rm

Proc ed ure : a d ml o f H2SO 4 were adde d to 500 µl o f th e pr

n 5 epared
l nt ex tract s . Th e p rese n c e of s teroids w as ind ic ate d by a
pa
c olo r c h ange fro m v oi el t t o b l ue or g ree n or a rn
i g of
l y e r tu rns re d an d t h e s u lph urci
b l ue /gre e n o r if t he u p per a
al y e r w as ye l o w with a g re en fl uore scenc e .
S ap o nin s: A bou t 3 ml of p la nt extrac ts w e re ad de d to 3 m l
of dist il led w ater and s h ak en v i g o ro u sly . T h e f orm atoi n o f a
stab el p e rsi s ten t fro t h w as t ak en a s a pos ti iv e t es t f o r
saponins .
A l k al o di s: A p pro xi m ate yl 3 m l o f e xt racts w ere added to 3
m l o f 1 % HCl and h eat e d fo r 20 mni . The m ix tures w ere
th en c o ol e d and use d t o pe rfo rm t h e f o l ol wn
i g t e s ts :
M ay e r ’ s te s t : T o t he fil tra t e in te st t ube I , 1 ml o f Mayer s’
reag e nt w as added d ro p by dro p . Th e fo rmatoi n o f a gre enish
col o red o r c ream prec i pti at e ni dci at e d th e pre se nce o f al k aol di s.
D ragandrof te s t : To th e f i tl rate in test tu be I I , 1 ml of
Drag andro f re a ge nt w as adde d drop by d ro p . Th e f ormatoi n
o f a re d dsi h -bro w n p re c pi ti at e ni dicate d t he p re s e nce of al -
k aol di s .
Wag n er ’ s te st : T o th e fi tl rate in tub e II I , 1 ml of Wag n e r ’s
reagen t w as ad de d d ro p b y dro p . Th e f o rm atio n o f a red dsi -
h b row n p reci p ti ate ni dci ated th e p re se nc e o f alk aloids.
Pro te ni
X anth op ro t e i c te s t : A few d ro p s o f n ti ric a c id we re adde d to
2 ml o f p lant extrac ts and a c ool r c h an ge to y e low was
o b serve d .
i : A p p ro xi mat ely 2 ml o f the p re pare d pl ant
A nth o c yan n
ex trac ts were add e d to 2 m l o f 2 N HCl and am mo nia . T he
app earan c e of a p ink red c oloratoi n th at t u rne d b ul e vio let
ni dci ate d
 the p re sence o f anth o c yanin .
Coumarn
i : Ab ou t 3 ml o f 1 0 % N aOH were add e d
to 2 ml o f p lant e x t rac ts . Th e fo rm atoi n o f a
y e lo w c olo r w as an indci at i on f o r th e p res e nc e

Pro c edure o: f c ou marins . Carbo h ydrate s

F e h l i ng te st : Two mill iters of ea c h plant e xtrac t were
h yd rol y zed w ti h d iu
l te HCl, ne utrazil e d wti h alk ali, and
th e n h e ated wit h Fe h lni g ’ s solution A and B . T h e
formatoi n o f a red pre c pi ti ate was an i nd ci atoi n f o r
th e pre se nce o f a reduc ni g s ugar . Fal vo no di
A kl al ni e re ag e nt test : T h ree mil l lti ers o f plant e x t rac t
was treated with 1 ml o f 10 % NaOH s o ul tio n .
i tense ye lo w co lor
Th e formatio n o f an n was an ni dci a -
ti o n o f th e pre senc e o f f la v o no d
i s.
i ate yl 5 m l of si o amyl alc oh ol
Leuc oan th oc yan ni : A pproxm
w ere ad ded t o 5 ml o f pa
l nt e x tracts. The
i d ci ate d th e p re -
ap p e aranc e of a red up per al yer n
senc e o f L e u c o anth o c yann
i .

Cardiac Gyl c o s ide s

Keel r -Kil a
l ni : Te st Tw o m li ilte rs o f p l ant e x trac t were
tre ated wti h 2 ml g l ac ial ace tci ac id c ontai nni g a d ro p
of F eCl 3 . A bro w n c olored rni g o r b row n v io l et unde r
a b ro w n gre ensi h al yer ind ci at e d th e pre s e nce o f
c ard iac g lyc o sid e s .
i s : T wo m li it ers o f 1% H Cl we re ad ded
P h ol batannn
to 3 m l o f plant e x trac ts and bo ile d . Th e depo sti oi n o f
a re d pre c p
i it ate was t ak en as e vide n c e fo r the p re -
se nce o f p h l o batann ins.
i atel y
i s : A ppro xm
Terp e nod 2 m l of ch loro f o rm and 3
m l of H2SO 4 w e re ad ded to 5 m l o f p al n t ex trac ts .
A re d dsi h -brown c o l o rat ion was t ak en as p o sitive t es t fo r
te rp e nodi s .
T e st f o r ph e no l s and tannni s
 Fe rrci c hl o ri d e te s t : Two mitl e rs of 5 % so ul t io n of Fe Cl 3 were
ad de d to 1 m l c rude e xtra c ts . A b lac k or b ul e g re e n co l o r
ni d ic a t e d th e p re s en ce o f t an ni ns a nd p h e no l s.
Th i n Laye r Ch ro mato grap h y A p art fro m che m ci al tes t fi ng erp -

Pro ce durerni: ting wti h k nown s tand ard iz ed c ompo und are asl o p rov id e addi -
t ion al c o nf irmat oi n .

Rbesseurltv:atoi n :
O
T h e re s ult o f v aroi us c he m ci al te st and TLC co nfri ms th e
V ri t ual qualit ative analyssi o f gvi e n h e rbal exc pi ei nts.

L in k h t tps : / /www . y outu b e c. o m /w a tc h ? v =GSHe z 8 5LKeo

h t t p s : / /ww w .sldi e sh are . net /Sindh ukube rap pa /p h ytoc he mci a l-sc re en n
ig
 Ex per i me nt N o . :

P r og r am : B . PH A RM
B at c h : A , B a n d

Su b B P 6 0 9PS ub -tti elHerbal

Co de Dru g
Te c h no l o gy
P rac tical

2
LT P Cre d ti Sub je c t Co mp u sl oYryear 201 9 - 20Seme sterSixth

0: Cate go ry
0:
4

Refe re nTc ee x:tb o ok o f Ph arm aco gnos y by C . K . Ko k ate , Puroh it , G o k hal e (2 007 ) , 37t h E d i -
toi n , Nri ali P rak asha n , Ne w Dehl i . Ko k ate CK. P rac tic al Pharmac o gno sy . Valab h P ra -
k ash an , 2 0 1 0 , Page N o . 3 6 .
O b jec tvi e : To p ro duc e an d e valuate c re am s of h erbal o rigni .
E q upi meBnetak l ss Ro d , Sp atula , P es t e
/ er , Ga l Mo rtar and Wa te r Bath
l s sw are
Ga

CRheem dl :s :
q uiri cea
Ste aric ac id , Cetyl Alco h o l , Am
l on d Oli, Gyl c ero l , Me t hyl P arabe n , Trei thano a
l mni e
an d water
Indai ’s f airne ss c re am mark e t si evovl i ng at rap di spe e d , fli el d by t eel v si io n ad ve r -
i ’ s p ro ac tive FM CG
t si ement b y t h e ceel b ri tei s and th e rapdi yl c h ang in g fil es tyel s . Inda
Princ pi l e :
m ark et has s ee n th e s i g ni fic ant g ro wth n
i th e c osmetci m ark e t in las t tw o
dec ades and fai rne s s c rea m ac c o unts fo r a maoj r p art o f the c osm e tic
m ark et w ti h an averag e g ro wth rate of 20 % per an num . I nd ians are
w i tness n
i g
 a p arad igm sh if t f rom traditoi nal me th od s o f u s ni g h o me pro ducts to
m o d ern m e th o ds o f usni g b ran de d co sm e ti c s and fari n e ss c ream to
be c o me fari . Th e conc ept of p re fe rrn
i g th e p e o p l e wti h “fair - sk i “has
n
P rin c iple :
ol ng b e en re c og nzi e d s o c i al y and it h as b e en the p syc h o ol gic al and s o -
c i al impac t o n w o me n to be f ari . But i n t he rec ent ye ars , m en t o
h av e s t arte d g vi i ng im p o rtance o n pe rs o n al g ro oming , b e gi nnni g wti h
fai r sk in . Th e m ark e t f or fari ne s s c ream w as res t ric ted to woman o nly tli
200 5 ; but Em ami c ate re d t o men w ti h its p ro du c t Fair and H ands o me .
Tli l t h e n fairness cre am m ark e t d om ni ates th e c o m etc
i mark et s
c o ve rni g m ael and femael s e g ment s . It si cle ar fro m te le v is io n and m at -
rimo nai l adv e rt si em e nts t h at th e mark et f o r f ari ness c re am s n
i India is
h ug e . Th e g ro wt h in c onsume rism and th e c h ang ni g lif esty el o f Inda
in
y o ut h h av e el d t o s tro n g demand fo r f ai rn ess c re ams. Indai ’ s s w el ing
i d l e c lass is redef ni ing ilf est yel p atte rn w i th ado pt io n o f weste rn valu es
md
a nd g ro wing bran d c ons c oi us ness , c rea ti ng opp o rtunti y fo r t h e g lo b al
p l a ye rs in f ari ness c ream mark e t . N o v el “ph yto ac t ive ” ni gre die nts are
sh ow ni g e xp an si o n in c o sme ce uticals. Th e se ingre die nts are dervi e d mainl y
f rom p lants and i t ni c lud e s v i tamni s, min erals , antioxidants , and
h orm on e s . Usag e o f p al nt extrac ts f o r co sm e tic s si n
i crease d b e c au se
se v e ral animal d e riv e d ex tracts and synt h e tci c h emci als p rove d uns at si fac tory
re su tl s . Th us, n atu rayl de ri ved ph ytomo lecuel s wil l be p artic ularyl us e ful f o r
furth e r re s earch i n c o s m e t o l o g y . The produc t s wh ic h are
de v eol p e d fo r th e purp o s e of ap plic at io n on t h e body si for c el ansi ng ,
i g t h e be auty and
beaut if ying , o r atl erni g t h e ap p earanc e and e nh anc n
to red u c e wrink el s, figh t acne and t o c o n trol o li secre tio n . Dfi ferent
h e rbal form ul atoi n s are de v e l op e d als o f o r v a roi us typ e s of s k i n
ai l m en ts i p ro te c toi n , s uns cre en , antai c n e , an tiag eni g and
kli e s k n an -
i ri n k l e . In spti e o f usni g sni g el h e rbal fo rm ul atio n
tw it s bette r to de v e ol p p o -
yl h e rbal fo rm ulat io ns i c reas e th e purp os e o f c re am a nd for
to n
mai nt e nance o f qu atli y s t and ards . The pl ant parts use d n
i co s me tic pre p ara -
toi n s h o uld h ave p ro p erti e s kli e ant oi x i dant , ant si ep t ic , antik ero l ytci , an -
tib acte rai l , etc . Th e h e rbal produc ts h av e few e r s di e e ffe c ts wh ci h are
c o m mo nl y s e e n w ith p ro ducts c o nt ani ing synth e tic a g e nt s
 P re parat i on o f ext ract s Ari d rei d and c oarse ly p owde re d (50 0 g m ) o f P el uro tus
ostreatus , Gly c y rrh zi a g l ab ra ro o t , and Camel lai s ine ns is we re p al c ed i n So x h l et
ext rac to r sep arate l y , using p e t ro el um e th e r and th e n s u cc essiv ely w i th eth ano l

P ro ce du r(e70: ) . Th e extra c ts w e re t h e n c o nc entrated to

% dry ne ss und er red uc e d
pre ssure and c o ntrol ed te mperature , re sp ec tiv e ly an d th e y w e re prese rv e d n i a r ef -
rige rat o r .
Pre p aration o f c re am base Oi l in water (O /W ) emu sl ion -based cre am (se msi odli
l te d . Th e emusl fi ei r (ste aric ac id ) and oth e r o li so ul bel c o m -
fo rmulatoi n ) was f orm ua
l o nd o li ) were d si s o lv ed n
ponent s (Cety l al c o h o l , am i th e o li ph ase (Part A ) and
h e at e d t o 7 5 ° C . Th e p re s erv a tive s an d o t h e r wat er -so l ubl e c o mp on e nts
(M ethyl parabe n , P ro py l paraben , T rei t h an o lam ine , P ro p y l ene glyc o l ) w e re
di ssovl e d i n th e aq u e ous ph ase (P art B ) and he ate d to 7 5 ° C . A fter h e ating ,
th e aque ou s p h ase was ad d ed ni p o rt io ns to t he oli ph ase with c o ntinuous stri rn
i g
unt li c o o inl g of emulsif ie r too k p al c e .

l to
Dru g f orm ua i n Th e ap pro p rai te base w as s e el c t e d fro m table and th re e
d iffe re nt c re ams were f o rmul ate d . Th e e m ulsifi e r (st eari c acid ) and o th er o il so-
l c o mpon e n ts (Cety l a lco h o l , almo n d o il ) we re dsi so vl ed in th e o li phas e (P art
ul be A)
and h e ated to 75 ° C . T h e pre s e rv atvi es and o t h er w ate r -solu b l e co mp o ne nt s
l min e , P rop yel ne g lyc o l ,
(Meth yl parab en , P ropyl parabe n , Trei t h anoa al ext rac ts )
w e re dissolv ed i n t he aqueous p h ase (P art B ) and heat ed t o 75 ° C . Afte r
h eating , th e aqueo us p h as e was ad de d ni p ortio ns to t h e o il ph ase with
c o n t inu ous stirri ng untli coonil g o f e mu lsifei r to ok p a
l ce .
Ev al u atoi n o f c re am pH o f th e Cre am Th e p H m e t er was c aibl ra te d usn
ig
s t andard buff e r so l ut io n . A bou t 0 .5 g o f th e c re a m was w e gi h ed and
dissol ved ni 50.0 ml o f d is ti le d wate r an d i ts pH w as m e as ure d .
V i s c o sti y Vis c o s ti y of t h e fo rmul atio n was det e rm ni e d by B ro o k fie l d Visc o meter at
100 rp m , usni g s p indle n o 7 .

Dy e t es t Th e sc arel t re d dy e is mixe d with th e c ream . P lac e a d ro p o f th e

cre am o n a m i c ro scop ic s dil e c ov e rs ti w ti h a c o v e r spil an d e x am ni e s it und er a
m ci ros c o pe . I f th e d si p e rs e g lobu le s a p pe a r re d t h e g ro und c o ol rel s s . Th e
cre am is o/w ty p e . Th e re v e rse co n d ti oi n occu rs ni w /o ty p e cre am i . e . t h e
d si p e rse
 gol b u le s ap p e ar c o ol rl ess i n th e red g ro und .
H omog ene ti y Th e fo rmul atoi ns w e re tes ted fo r t h e h o m oge ne it y by
vsi ual app earanc e and by t o u c h .

Proc e d uArep p: e arance Th e ap pe arance o f th e c ream was uj dg e d b y ti s co lo r ,

p earl sc e nc e and ro ug h nes s and g rade d .

A ft e r fe el Emol eil n c y , s lip pe rine ss and am o u nt of residu e el ft after
t h e app cli ati o n of f xi e d amo unt o f cre am was c h e ck ed .
Type of s mear Aft e r ap pcil atio n o f cream , t h e ty p e o f fm
li or
s mear fo rmed o n th e sk in were c he c k ed .
Removal T h e e ase o f remo val of th e c re am ap piled w as e x am i ned by
wash ni g th e ap p iled part with tap water .
Acid v alue Tak e 10 g m of s ubs t anc e diss o lv e d i n ac c u rate yl we ig h ed ,
ni 50 ml mxi t ure of e qu al v oul me o f acl o ho l and s o vl e n t eth er , t h e
l sk w as c o nnecte d to re fu
fa l x c o ndense r and sl owl y h e a t e d , unt li
sa mpl e was d si so l ved co m ple te l y , to t h is 1 m l o f p h en o lp h th al e ni
add ed and ti trate d wti h 0 1. N NaOH , until f ai nt l y p n
i k c ol o r appears
afte r s h ak in g fo r 3 0 s ec o n ds.
A c id v aul e = n × 5 . 6 1 /w n - n um be r o f m l o f NaOH req u ri e d a nd
w - we gi h o f s ubs t anc e .
Sap o nifci at oi n v al u e Introdu ce abo ut 2 g m of s u bstance ref u
l xe d wi t h 2 5
ml o f 0 .5 N alc o h o l ci K OH fo r 30 m n
i ute s , to th si 1 ml of
p h e no l p h th al eni adde d an d t ti rated im m edi ate ly , w ith 0 .5 N HCL .
Sapo nification v a l u e = (b -a ) × 2 8. 05 /w a - v ol ume ni m l o f titrant , b
- vo u l me in m l of titran t , w - w e ig h of substanc e in g m
Irrti an c y tes t Mark an are a (1 sq c. m ) o n th e l ef t -h and do rsal
surfac e . T h e c rea m w as ap plie d to the sp ec fi ei d area an d tim e was
no ted . Irri tan c y , ery th ema , ede ma , was c h e c k ed fi any fo r re g ular n
i -
terv als up to 2 4 h rs and reporte d .
Ac c eel rat ed s tabtil y t e st ing Acc ele rat e d s tabi lti y te sting of p re pare d form u -
latoi n s w as c o nduc te d fo r 2 mo st s tab le f orm ulatio ns at roo m t empera -
tu re , st udei d fo r 7 d ay s. Th ey w e re f o rm ua l tio n nu mbe r 4 and 5 at
4 0 oC ± l toi ns we re k e p t b o t h at roo m
1 o C fo r 2 0 d ay s. Th e fo rmua
and
 e el v ated te mp erature and obse rv ed o n 0 th , 5th , 10 th , 1 5 t h and 2 0th day .

POrbosecrevdautoi ren ::
The val ue o f e ach parame te rs fo r diffe rent c o mp o si t oi n of c re ams are no ticed
and me nt ioned i n tabel
RVeirst uuatl l: Th e c re am o f h e rbal o rgi in is fo rm ulat e d and e v a ul ate d .

L ni k h tt p s : / /w ww. yo utube . c om / wat c h ?v =gIbi EJp xv q 4

h t tps : / /w w w .yo u t ube .com /w atc h ? v =g Yg2 sFq k p tc
https : / /w ww .y o u t ub e . c om /watch ? v = 2gk D o M Nz8 RQ &sli t = PLaWE d_p xW9WX wG ndX4 CQ y I Hz p Q orU 4 eQf &
 Exp eri me n t No . :

P r o gram : B . PH A RM
B atch : A &

S ub BP60 9SPub -tit el H e rb al

Co de Drug
Te ch no ol g y
Pra ctical

2
LTP Cre d ti Sub je c t Co mpul soryYe ar 201 9 -2 0S em es teSrixth
0: Cate g o ry
0:
4

Textbo ok o f Ph a rm a cog n o sy by C . K .
Re f er e nc e : K o kat e , P u r o hi t , Go k h l ae (200 7 ) ,
37 th Ed i tion , N ir al i Pra kashan , New
De l h i . Kokate CK . P r ac tci al
P ha r mac og n o sy . Va l l abh P rak ashan ,
20 10 , P age No . 36 .
Obj ecti v e : To for mula te and e valua te h erba l
sh am po o s .
E q u ip me n t / B e a k er , Test Tu be , Me asu r i n g
Gl a ssw ar e C yl i nd er and Oth e r s
Re q ui re d :
C he mi c al s : Soap n ut e xtr act , Aml a ext rac t ,
S h i ka kai extrac t , H i bi scu s ,
Bhr i n gr a j extr a c t , Senna ex tr act ,
Al o e
 ver a , G e l ati n , L e mon j u ic e and Rose o il
Che -
m i c al s : Shampoo s are mo st p r obabl y u sed a s
cosme ti cs . It i s a hai r care pro duc t
th at i s u se d fo r c l ea ni n g sc al p and hai r
in ou r d a i l y li fe . Sham po os ar e most l i -
kel y uti l i zed as be au ti f yi ng age n ts and a r e
a vi scous sol u ti o n of deter g e nts
c on ta i ning su i t a bl e ad di ti v es p r eser v ati v es
a nd a cti ve i ngr e d i e n ts . It i s usu al l y app -
Pr i nc i p l e :
l i ed on wet h a ir , massag i n g int o the
h ai r , and c l eansed by r i n sni g with
w ate r . T he pu rpo se of u sing sha mpoo i s
to remo ve di r t th at i s bu i l d u p o n th e
hai r wti h out str i pp i n g out mu ch o f the
sebum . M a ny syn t he ti c shampo os are
pre se nt i n th e cur re nt ma rk et bot h
me dicate d and nonm edi c ate d ; howe v e r ,
her bal sh ampo o popul ari ze d d ue to natur al
or i gin , w h i ch is sa fer , i n cr e a se s co n su mer
d em an d an d free f r o m si de e ffects . I n
syn t he ti c sha mp o os , surfac tan t s ( synth e tic )
a r e a dde d m ai nly for t hei r c l e an si n g
and foami n g pr o pe r ty , but the c o ntn i uo u s
use o f t h e se su r fa c tants l e ads t o
se roi us e f fec ts such as eye i rri tati o n , sc al p
i rr ti a ti on , l o ss of h ai r , a nd d r yness o f
h a i r s . Al te r na t vi e to synt he ti c sh a mp oo we
can u se shamp oo s co n tai ni ng natur al
h erba l s . Ho w eve r , fo r mu l a tni g cosmeti c
pr odu c ts c o ntai ni n g on l y n a tu ral su bstan ces
a r e ve ry d i f fi cul t . The re are sever al m e di -
c ni al
 pl a nts w i th poten ti al e ffec ts on hai r
use d trad i ti o nal l y ove r year s
ar o u n d the wo rl d an d a re i nc or po -
r ate d i n sham poo formul a ti o n .
Th e se me d i cinal pl a n ts may be
use d i n e xtr acts f o rm , the i r po w d ere d
for m , cr u d e for m , or thei r
d er i v a ti v es . T o d e ve l op a
sh ampoo c onta i ni ng a n o n l y o n e
P r i n cip l e : n a tur a l substan ce wh i ch w ould
be safer w i th mi l d er e ffect , th e n th e
syn th e ti c sham po o i s d i ff icu l t , and
i t sho u l d p ossess go od foami n g , de -
t e r g enc y , an d so l i d c o n te nt as
su c h syn theti c shampoo . H en ce , we
c o nsi d ere d ni det a i li n g an un adu l -
t er at ed n atural cl e a nser uti l i zin g c o n -
v e n tion a l techn i q u e usin g r e gu l ar l y
uti l i zed p l an t m ate r ai l for ha i r
washi ng .
Pre par ati o n of extr a ct : About 100 g o f
each p ow de r ed p l an t mater i al s ,
n ame l y H . rosa - si n e n si s , E . o ffi c i -
na l i s , A . co n c i n na , S . i n di c a, E .
pro stra ta , A . B ar badensi s , and C .
aur i c u l at a , we r e ho mog en i ze d .
T h e po w d ere d mate ri al was ext -
rac ted w i th d i sti l l e d w at e r by bo i l i n g
fo r 4 h . Th e extra c t of eac h pl ant
mat eri al was separ ate d a n d e v a po -
r a te d . Formul at i o n o f herba l shamp oo
For mul ati o n of the h e r bal sh amp oo
was
 d one as p e r th e fo r m u l a g i ven i n
Tabl e 1 . T o th e g e l atni so l uti o n ( 10 % ) ,
adde d th e he rbal e xt rac t and mi xe d by
shaki n g co nti n uou sl y a t the tm i e i nte r v a l of
2 0 min . 1 ml of l e mon j ui c e wa s al so
a dd ed wi th c o nstan t sti rr i ng . T o
i mpr ove ar oma i n t he for mul a tio n ,
suff i ci ent qu a nti ty o f e sse nti al oi l ( r o se oil )
w a s ad d ed an d m ad e up th e vol ume t o
1 00 ml wi t h ge l ati n . Eval u ati o n o f h e r ba l
sha mpoo The pr epare d for mul atio n was
e v al u ate d for pr o duc t pe rfor mance w h i ch
i n cl u d e s o rg ano l epti c charact e r s , p H , ph y -
si co c hemi cal
ch ar acter i z ati on , and for so l i d co nte n t .
T o g ua r an te e the n a tu re of the ite ms ,
p arti c u l ar te sts w er e pe r for me d fo r
sur fa ce t en si on , fo a m v ol u me , foam
stabi l i ty , an d wetti n g ti me u si n g sta nda rd
pr o t ocol . Vsi u al asse ssment Th e p re p ar ed
Pro ce d ur e : fo rmu l atio n w as asse ssed fo r co l o r , cl ari ty ,
od or , and fro th content . pH deter mi n at i o n
T h e pH of the pr e par ed herbal shamp oo
in disti l l ed w ater ( 1 0 % v / v ) w a s e val u ate d
by me ans o f pH a n a l yz er at room te m -
pe r atur e [12 ] . De t e rmin ati o n o f so l i d
c onten t pe rce nta ge The p e r c e n ta ge o f
sol i d su bstanc e w a s dete r min ed by
wegi hi ng abo u t 4 g o f sha mpoo i n a dry,
cl ean , a nd evap ora ti ng d i sh . T o co n fi r m
the r e su l t , t he proc edu r e was r e pe ated
a g a i n . Th e l qi u id po r tio n o f th e sh a mpoo
 w as ev apor ate d i n a d ish by
pl ac i n g o n h ot pl ate . T he pe rc e ntage
and th e we i gh t of the sol i d
con te n ts prese nt i n the sh am p o o
were ca l c ul a te d afte r d r yi ng c o mp l e -
te l y [ 13 ] . S u rface te n soi n me a su -
r em ent Th e pr epar ed sha mpo o in
d i sti l l ed w ate r ( 1 0 % w /v ) w as ev a -
l ua t ed for su r face te n si on u si n g
sta l ag mome te r i n roo m
te mp e r a t u re [1 4 ] . Testi n g o f
we tti n g Wetti ng t i me was
cal cu l at ed by noting t h e ti me re q u i re d
by the can v as pa pe r to si n k
c o m pl e tel y [3 ] . A can v a s pape r
wei gh i ng 0 .44 g was c u t i n to a
di sc of d i ameter me asu r i ng 1 -i nch .
Over the sh a mp oo ( 1 % v / v ) su r -
fac e , the can va s p a pe r d isc w as
k e pt an d the ti me taken fo r the
P r o c e d ur e :
pap e r to sink w as measu r e d
u si ng the stop watch . Foa m stabi l i ty
te st Th e stabil i ty of t he f oam w as
dete r mi n e d usni g c yl i n d e r sh a k e
method . A bo ut 5 0 ml o f fo r m u l a te d
sh amp o o ( 1 % ) so l uti o n wa s
t a k e n ni a g r aduated c yl i nde r
of 250 m l ca pa c i ty and sh ak e n
for 10 ti m e s vi go r ousl y . F oam sta -
bi l ity w a s measu r e d by re c ord ing th e
foam vol u me o f sh ak e test a fter
1 mni a n d 4 m i n , r espe c ti v e l y
[15 ] .
 Th e t ot al foa m v ol ume was me a su r ed
after 1 mi n of sh aki ng . Di rt di sper si o n
test To 10 ml of refi ne d w a t er t wo
dr o ps o f c l e anser we r e i ncl ude d and
taken i n a w di e -m outh e d test tube . To
t he formul at ed shampoo, ad d e d o ne
drop o f Indi an i n k and sh ake n fo r 10
min after cl o si ng t he test t u be w i th a
stopp er . The vo l ume o f i nk i n the f ro th
was mea su re d a nd the re sul t w as g ra d e d
i n te r m s of n one , sl i ght , mediu m , or
h ea vy [16 ] Co nd i tioni n g pe rformance ev al u -
ati o n An ar ti fi c i al h air tre ss of In d i a n
wo me n was rec ei ve d fr om a sal o n
and di v ided i nto two swatc h e s o f l e ngth
10 c m ap p r oxi matel y , w e i ghi ng 5 g . T he
co n tr o l swat c h was t h e one wi t h out
washi n g and the t est swa tc h usi ng
the formul ate d shampoo w as wash ed wi th .
Pr oc e - Eac h tre ss wa s adde d for 2 mi n to the
dure : c ombi n ati on o f shampoo in w a ter in th e
p ropor ti o n 10 :15 taken i n a c on i c al fl ask
an d w a she d usi n g 50 ml o f di sti l l ed
w ater . E ac h t r e ss was ai r d r i ed at
r oom temper ature and th e procedu re w as
r epeate d for maxi m u m o f 10 ti m e s .
Th e con di ti o n i n g effec t o f th e pr epare d
shampoo i n ter ms of softness and smo -
ot h ness w as de ter mi ned u si n g a bl i nd
to uc h t e st usi ng vol un teer s o f stude nt
2 0 n u m be rs se l ec t ed ra ndo ml y [17 ] .
T he c ond i ti on i n g per for man c e of the
sh a mpoo
 was ra te d i n te r ms o f Sc o re 1 –4
( 4 - exce l l e n t , 3 - g ood , 2 -
satsi facto r y , an d 1 - poor ) by
a skin g all th e sel ec te d stu de nt s to
touc h th e tress w a she d w i t h
prep ar ed shampoo .

P ro c edure :
Observ a ti on :
R e sul t :
 Exp eri m ent No. :

Pro g r am : B . PHARM
Ba tc h : A & B

Sub B P 6 09 PSu b - titl eHerbal

Co de D rug
T ech n o ol g y
P rac tci al

2
LTP Cre dit ye ar 2 0 1 9 -2 0S e m e st eSr xi t h
Su bje c t Co m pulso rY
0: Cate g ory
0:
4

Textbo o k o f P harm ac o g no sy by C . K .
Ref e r en ce : Ko kate , Pu r o hi t , G ok h l a e ( 2007 ) , 37 th
Ed i ti on , Ni r al i Pr a kash a n , Ne w De l h i .
Ko k a t e CK . P ra cti cal P h a r ma c og nosy .
Val l a bh P r a kashan , 2010 , P ag e N o . 36 .
O bj e c - T o for mu l a t e an d e val u ate h erbal syr u p
tive : a s pe r P h armac o poei a requ i re m e nts .
Equi p m e nt / Be a k er , T e st Tu be , M ea sur ni g C yl i nde r
Gl assw a r e a nd Oth er s
R e q uir e d :
C h e mci al s : Asw ag a n dh a , A spar ag us , Bo mbax , Y asti k a ,
E la , Da r usit a , Water a n d S ug ar .
Syru ps c o nsi sts of sug ar i n wate r . T he se
ar e
 hi gh l y co n c en t r at e d , obv i o usl y
Pr ni ci p l e : v i sc ous pre parat i o n . H erba l syr u p
i n cl ud e s one o r mo r e tha n one
ni g re di ents f r om h erbs . G e n era l
me t hods o f p r e p ar ati on i n c l ud e :
S ol utoi n wi t h heat , ag i tati o n wit -
hout heat , a dd i ti o n of suc ro se to l i -
qu i d m e di came n ts and per c ol ati o n
me tho d .
He r ba l Syr u p Pr ep ar ati o n
P r oced ure : F o r mu l a ti o n
Composti ion ( Each 500 g of P o wd er
c o n tani s ) : A swagand ha - 13 9 g
Pro ce d u re :
A spar agus - 13 9 g Bo mba x
- 139 g Y a sti ka
- 069 g El a
- 0 07 g D aru si t a -
007 g
Me hod t s of pr epa r a ti on f
o De coc -
ti o n Tak e abov e fo r mul ati on a nd
m i x wi th 40 00 ml o f wa ter . Boi l
the mi xtu r e ti l l the to ta l v ol u me be -
c o mes 1000 ml . C o ol th e d ec o ctio n
and fi l ter i t . M e thod of Pre par a -
ti on o f S i mpl e Syr u p ( U SP ) W ei gh
666 . 7 g o f su c rose . Tak e th e
su g ar i n sta inl e ss st ee l co n tai ner
A dd suffi c i e n t pu r i fie d w ater He at
the mxi tu re so th at sucr ose i s g e t di s -
so l v e i n wat er . Sti r t he sol u tion
o ccasi onal l y . A d d su ffci i en t amou n t o f
boil i n g water after su c ro se di ssol ve d
c omp l e t el y .
 Me th o d of pre par atio n of fi na l he r bal
syru p : M xi the o n e pa r t o f d ec o c ti o n
w i th fi ve p ar ts of si mp l e syrup . Ad d
0 .2% o f so d i um ben z oate to t h e
r esu l ta n t sol u t i on as preser v ati v e . P ack the
P roce - syrup and sto r e i t i n dr y pl ac e .
du re : E v a l ua ti o n of H er bal Syr up : Ph ysi c al
P a r amete r s : ( Co lor , O d our and Taste
Exami nati o n ) . D eter mn i atoi n of p H Speci fi c
g ra v ity a t 25 ◦C Determi na toi n o f D e n -
si ty .
O bserv a - Al l th e e v al u ati o n pa ra me ter s a re
ti o n : ch ecke d and noted .
Resu l t : Her bal syru p is de v e loped and e v al u a t ed .
 Expe r i me nt N o . :

Pr o gr am : B . PH ARM
B atc h : A &

Sub BP6 09 PSu b -tit el He rb al

Co d e Dru g
Tec h no ol g y
Prac tic a l

2
LTP Cre dti ry ar 20 1 9 -2S0e m es teSr xi th
Subje c t Co m p ul soYe
0: Cat e g o ry
0:
4

Te xtbo o k o f Pha r mac o gn o sy by

R efe - C . K . Ko k at e , Pur ohi t ,
re n c e : Go khl a e ( 2 007 ) , 37t h E d i tio n ,
Ni r a l i P ra k a sha n , New Del h i .
Ko k ate CK . Pra c ti c al Pha r -
m ac o g no sy . Va l l abh P ra -
k ash an , 2 0 10 , Page N o . 3 6 .
Obj e c ti ve :
To f ormul ate an d eval u a te
h e r bal mi xt u r es as per P har -
maco p o ei al req u i r e me n t s .
Eq u -
i p m e nt /
Gl asswa r e
Req u i r ed :
Ch e -
mic a l s :
 P ri nci pl e :
Pr o cedur e :
Obser vati on :
Resu l t :

Expe r i me n t No . : 1 0

Pr ogr am : B . P HA RM
B a tc h :
S u b BP 6 09PSub -t ti l eH erbal
Code D rug
T ech no ol gy
Prac t ic al

2
LT P Cre d i t Su b jec t Compu ls o rYy ear 2 0 19 -2S0e m es teSr ix th
0: Cate g ory
0:
4

Te xtboo k of Ph armac og nosy by

Re fe - C . K . Kok ate , Pu ro h i t ,
renc e : Gok h l a e ( 200 7 ) , 37t h E d i -
ti o n , Ni ral i Pr a k a shan , New
Del h i . K oka te CK . Pr ac t i cal
Pha rmac og no sy . Val l abh
Pr ak a sh an , 2010 , Page No .
36.
Objec - T o for mul ate an d eval uate
ti ve : her bal tabl et a s per
Pha r mac op oei a l r e qui r em e nts .
Equ -
i p m e nt /
G l a sswar e
Req ui r ed :
Che -
mi c al s :
P r in -
c i pl e :
Pr o -
c e d ur e :
 Obser vat i o n :
Resu l t :

E xpe r i ment No . : 1 1

Pro gr am : B . P HA RM
Batc h : A &

Sub B P 6 0 9PSub -tti le Herb a l

Co d e Dru g
Te ch n ool g y
P ractical

2
LT P C re d i t S ubjec t Co mp ulsorY
y ear 2 019 -2 0 Seme ste rSixth
0: Cat e go ry
0:
4
 Te xtbo ok o f P harmac og nosy by
Refe - C . K . Kokate , P uro h i t , Go kh l ae
r en c e : (2007 ) , 3 7t h E di ti o n , Ni r al i
P r akashan , New De l hi .
Kokate CK . Pr ac ti cal
Phar macogn osy . V al l abh
Pr ak ash an , 2 01 0 , P ag e No .
36 .
Obj e c - To p e rfor m mo n ogr a ph
ti ve : a n al ysi s of h e r ba l d r u g s
f ro m r e c e nt Pha r ma c o poe i a s
Equ -
i pment /
G l asswa re
Re qu i r e d :
Che -
mi c al s :
Pr ni c i pl e :
Pro -
ced ure :
Obser -
vat i o n :
R esul t :
 Expe ri me nt No . : 12

Pr o gr am : B . PHARM
B at ch :

Sub BP6 0 9 PSu b -title He rb al

Co de Dru g
Tec h nool gy
Prac ti c al

2
LT P Cre dit Su bject Co mp ulsoYrye ar 20 19- 20 S emes teSrxi th
0: Cate g ory
0:
4

Textbo o k o f P h ar mac og n osy by C . K .

Refe rence : K o kate , Pu r ohi t , G okh l ae ( 200 7 ) ,
3 7 th Ed ti i on , Ni r a l i P r a kashan ,
N e w Del hi . Kokate CK . P ract i c al
P har mac o gn osy . Val l abh Pr ak a sh a n ,
2 010 , P ag e No . 36 .
Obj ec ti ve : T o de te rmi ne aldeh yd e co nte n t of
g i ven me d i c i nal p l ant ex trac t
E q uipme n t /
G l assware
R eq uir ed :
Ch emi c al s :
Pr i n cipl e :
Pr oce du r e :
Obser v ati o n :
Re sul t :
 E xpe r i men t N o . : 13

Pr o g r am : B . PH A RM
Batc h : A &

Pub -t ti l e He rbal
Su b BP 6 0 9S
Co d e Drug
T ec h nolog y
P rac tical

2
LT P Cre d it rye ar 2 0 19 - 2S0 emes tS
Su b ej ct Comp ul so Y e rixth
0: Category
0:
4

Te xtbook o f Pha r mac og nosy by

R e fe - C . K . K okate , Pu r o h i t ,
renc e : Go k hl ae (2007 ) , 37th E di -
ti on , N i r al i Prakashan , New
D e l h i . Koka te C K . P r actic al
Ph ar ma co gn osy . V all a bh P r a -
kasha n , 2010 , P age No . 36 .
Obj ec - T o de te r min e p henol c o nt e nt
ti v e : of gi ve n me d i ci nal p l an t
extr ac t
Equ -
i pme nt /
Gl assware
Re qui red :
Che -
mi cal s :
 Pr i nci pl e:
Proc edur e :
Obser vatio n :
R esul t :

Exp e ri ment N o . :
14

P r ogram : B . P H ARM
Ba tch: A &
Su b BP 6 0 9 PSub -tti l eHerbal
Co de D rug
Tec h n o l og y
P rac tc
i al

2
LTP Cre di t Subej c t Com p usl oryY e ar 20 19-2 0 Seme s teSr ixth
0: Cate go ry
0:
4

Te xtbo ok of Phar macogn osy by

R e fe- C . K . K o k at e , P uroh i t ,
r en ce : G o khl ae (2 007 ) , 37th E d ti i on ,
N i r al i P r a kashan , Ne w Del h i .
Ko ka te CK . Pra ct i cal P har ma -
c o gn osy . Va l l a bh P r a k ashan ,
2 01 0 , Page No . 3 6 .
Obj ec - T o d e te rm i ne to tal a l kal oi d
ti v e : co n tent of gi ve n med i ci nal
pl a nt ex tr ac t
Equ -
i pme nt /
G l assw are
Re q ui r ed :
C he -
m i cal s :
P ri n -
ci pl e :
P roced u r e :
Obse r -
vati o n :
Resul t :
 Expe riment No . :

Pr o g r am : B . PH A RM
Batch : A &

Sub BP 6 0 9 PSu b - t ti e
l H erbal
Co de Drug
T e c h n o lo g y
P rac tci al

2
LT P Cre di t eyar 2019 -2 0Sem es t eSr ixth
Sub je c t Co m pu l sYor
0: Cate gory
0:
4

Textboo k of Phar mac ognosy by C .K .

R efe r e n ce: K okate , Pu r oh i t , Go k h l ae ( 20 0 7 ) ,
3 7 th Ed i tion , Ni r a l i Pr akasha n ,
New D e l hi . Kokate C K . Practci al
Phar maco gn osy . Val l abh Prakasha n ,
20 10 , P age N o . 3 6 .

Obj e ctive : https : / /w w w . you tu be . c om / w atch ?v = x bX VU17 nX 34

T o for mu l a te an d e val uate h e r ba l
mxi tu r e s as pe r P ha rm ac opoe ai l r e -
qu i rem e n ts .
Equ i p men t / B eake r , Te st T u be , M ea su ri n g
Gl assware i d er and O th e rs
C yl n
Re qui red :
Che m ci al s :
Zi n gi ber offi cn
i a l i s , Foe n i c u l um v u l -
gare ,
 C i nn a m omu m z e ylin i cu m a n d
Che -
Tr a c hyspe rmum a mmi pow d e r s .
m i ca l s :
G en e r al i ze d efi n i ti on o f mi x tu re s i s the
o n e produ ct o f a me c han i ca l bl e n d i ng
or m xi n i g che mi c al su bsta n c e s su ch a s
e l e m e n ts an d c ompou n d s wi thou t
ch e mi ca l bon d in g or ot her ch emi ca l c h a ng e ,
so tha t ea c h i n g redi e n t su bstan c e r e ta n
i s
i ts o wn chemi c al p ro pe rti e s an d
Pri nc i pl e : makeu p . De spi te tha t th e re ar e no c hemic al
c ha nges to i ts con stti u en ts , the ph ysi cal
pr ope rti es of a m ixtu re , su ch as i ts
m e l t i n g poi n t ma y di ffer fr om those of
the c om p on ents . S ome mxi tu re s c an be
s epa rated i n to th e ri com po n en ts by u si ng
ph ysica l ( me cha ni c a l or ther mal ) me an s .
Chu rna i s the be st kno wn exa mple o f mxi -
tu re , Chu rna i s a pow der ed f or m of medci a -
toi n s u se d i n th e tr eatment of d isor d e r s
i n the ayu r v e d ci syste m of medi ci ne . It
i s the mo st ba si c an d si mpl est for m of
A yu r vedi c med ici ne c on ta i n i ng a fi n e
p owd e r of he r bs . Ch ur n a m ay
c on t ai n a si ng l e he rb o r mi xtu re of
seve ral her bs .
M ethod of P r epar ation s : A l l the i n gr e dei nts r e -
q u i r e d fo r th e churna sho u l d be
cl ean e d tho r ou g h l y an d dr i ed w el l i n the
shade or in the su n sepa r atel y to e ns u r e
the c ompl e te absen ce o f mo i sture ni th e
same . Each i n g red i ent is powd e red fni e l y
a n d t hen , sie ved to remove any coars e par -
ti c l e s .
 Th e i n gr e di en ts a r e w eig h ed
sepa r a te l y a n d the n , m i xed t o -
get her . It shou ld be n o ted tha t so me
h er bs c on ta i n a f bi rou s ma tte r .
He nc e the w eg i h t of su c h her bs
m ay var y be for e a n d afte r d ryi n g .
P ri nci p l e : Hen c e , i t i s i mpo rtan t to powd e r
an d w e i gh the m separ ate l y s o that
the cor r ec t q uan ti ty of e ac h herb
c an be pr e sen t n i the fi n a l p r o du ct .
Fo rmu l atoi n s Ing r edi e nt : Zin gi ber o f fi -
Proc ed u re : c ni a l e : 16 . 7 g Foe n i c ul u m v ul -
g are : 16 . 7 g Ci n n amomu m ze -
yl a nic u m : 8 . 7 g Trach yspermu m
a mmi : 8 . 7 g T a ke a l l the in g r e-
d ei n ts i n g i ven pro por ti ons . M i x the
pow de r tho r o u ghl y . P ass the mi xture
th rou g h si e ve nu mber 60 . Pac k it ni
w e l l c l ose d c ontai n e r a n d stor e i t n i
dry pl a c e .

Evalua ti on : Physi c al P a ra mete rs : Col or

e xami n a t i o n , Od or exa mi n atio n ,
T aste e xamni ati o n s ,
pH de te r m in a ti ons Dete rmi n ati on of
m o i stu r e c onten ts De te rm i n ati o n of
Ash val u e De te r mn i ati on o f e xtr a c ti ve
val ues .
O bservati o n : Al l the pa rame ters are obse rve d an d ca l -
c u l ate d .
Resul t :
Th e r e qu i red a m ou nt of he rbal
mix tu r e i s pre pa r ed an d eval ua te d as
per
 phar maco pe i al stan d a r d s .
Re sul t :
 Exper i ment N o . : 1 0

Pr ogr am : B . PHA RM
B atc h : A , B and

Su b BP 60 9SP ub - t ti leHerb al
Code Dru g
Te c h no ol g y
P rac ti c al

2
LT P Cre d it j ct Co mp usl o rYyear 2 019 -20Sem e steSr ixth
Sub e
0: Cate g o ry
0:
4

Referenc eT: e xtb o o k o f P h arm ac o g no sy b y C .K . K o k ate ,

Puro h it , Go k h l ae ( 20 0 7 ) , 3 7 th E ditoi n , Nri ali
P rak ashan , N e w D e hl i . Ko k ate CK. Prac tic al
l b h Prak as h a n , 2010 , Page
Ph armac ognosy. Vaa
No . 3 6 .
i US X WPI
htt p s : / /w ww . you tu be . c o m /wa t ch ? v = E q OC
h ttps : / /www y. out ube . c o m /w atc h ? v =Cv X V
j 5sCHP E
l te and e v aul a te h e rbal t abel t as pe r
Obej c t iv e : To fo rmua
Pharma co poe ial re q u ri em ent s .
Eq upi me nBte/ak er , Te st T u be , M e asuring Cyl ind e r and
l s s wareO t h ers
Ga
CRheeqm
u rici eadsl :
Cl o v e , Cin namon , L acto s e , Man n ito l , Sodui m
Sac ch arni e , Talc and Mag ne sium Stearat e .
Prin c pi l e : A tabel t is a p h arm aceut ic al d o sage f o rm .
T ab lets
 m ay b e d e fined as t h e s o l id un it do sag e fo rm of medi -
P rinc i ple : c
ament o r med ci ame nts wi th or with o ut suti able ex c i -
p ie nts a nd p re p are d e ti h e r by molding o r by
c o mp ressi on . It c ompri s es a m xi ture o f activ e
su bst a nc es and excpi ients , us u al y in pow der f orm ,
pre s se d o r co mpac te d f ro m i d os e .
i to a so ld
a po wder n
Th e c o mp re s se d tabel t i s th e most popua
l r d o sag e fo rm
in u se to d ay . A bo u t t wo t h ri ds o f al l pre sc rpi ti o ns are
d si pe nsed as s o dil dos age form s a nd h alf of t h es e are
c o m p res s e d in to tab l ets. A table t can be fo rmula te d to d e -
l iv e r an acc urate d osage t o a s p ec fi ci sti e , i t is u suall y
take n i ist e re d s ub nil g uayl , b ucc ayl ,
o ra ly , but can be ad mn
rect aly or in t rav ag i n all y .
Pro c edureIn:g red ei n t s :

Fo rm ulatoi n :
i h al th e e xc ipei nts alo ng w ith AP I as sh own n
Weg i
tab le . Pas sed throug h s ie ve no . 2 0 M xi al ing re die nts fo l -
ol win g ge o metrci mxi i n g e xcul d ing g lid an t an d ul bricant th o -
rou g h yl fo r 15 m in . M xi th e p o wd er ble nd w as th o ro ugh yl
wti h talc and magne si um s t e arat e . Co mpress 4 00 mg
tab el t us ni g si ng le ro tat o ry p u n c h n
i g m a c h ni e .
Evaluat oi n of Tabl et : Gene ral Ap p earance Szi e and s h ape
Un qi ue ide n t if ic a toi n m ark ing Org ano el ptic p rop e rties H ard nes s
F riabilty Drug Co nt ent an d Release : We ig h t vari a t io n te st
(U SP ) Conten t Unfi o rmity T est Disin te g ra tio n T e st (US P )
D si so lutoi n Test (U S P )
k e d and calcua
ROebsseurltv:at ionA :l th e pa ramet ers are chec l te d .
Th e re q uri e d am ou nt of h e rbal ta bel t si prepared an d ev a -
luate d as p e r p h arm ac op e ial st an d ard s .
 Exper i me nt No . : 11

P r o gr am : B . PHARM
B atc h : A &

le erbal
S ub B P 6 0 9 PSub -ti tH
Cod e Drug
Te ch n o lo g y
Prac ti c al

2
LTP Cre dit Su bej c t Co m p u lsYoreyar 2 0 1 9 -2S0e me sterS xi th
0: Categ o ry
0:
4

T ex tb o ok of P h arm aco gno sy b y C .K . Ko k ate , Puroh it ,

Ref e renc e :
Go k hal e (200 7 ) , 37th Editio n , Nirali Prakas han , New
D el h i . Ko kate CK . P rac tci al Pharm acognosy . Vaal b h
Prak as h an , 2 0 10 , Page No . 3 6 . h tt p s: / /s li deplay e r . co m /silde /4 3 4 3 7 34 /
h ttp s : / /ww w y. o utub e . c o m /watch ? v =Ff x Hot6 BL Zk
O bje c - To perfo rm m o no g raph analys is o f h erb al drugs fro m
tive : re cent Ph arm ac opo eias
Eq u - B eak e r , Test T u b e , M e asuri n g Cyl inder and O th e rs
ip m ent /
Glas sware
Req uri ed :
Che -
A caci a , A rch is o i l , Castor oil, Menth a o il, St arch , T ra -
m ci als :
gacanth , As wagandh a , Bel l ado na el af , Brahm i , H ard
i ra,
S arpg andha , Senna Leaf and Shat av ari
 Mo nographs includ e m ani yl bre i f intro ductoi n ,
Pri ncpi l e :
des c rpi ti on , ide ntificatoi n , tests , m ci roba
i l c ontam ina -
toi n , s ulph ated as h , ac id i ns ou l as h , lo s s on
l be
dryni g and s to rage .
Acac ia : Identfi i cat oi n T e s t :
A n aq ueo us s o l utoi n is ge al tin iz e d by th e addti oi n o f
l ead s ub acetate so l ut oi n eit h er de xtro -rotato ry or
P ro c edure :
s lgi htly l ae v o - rotato ry . T o 5 ml o f a 10 % w/v
s oul tio n add gradual ly , whlei s h akni g , 10 m l o f
ethan ol (95 % ) . T he c loudy l iquid , on addi tio n o f 0 . 5
ml of ac eti c ac id , giv es a wh ite pre c i p itate . Ftil e r
and ad d to the c le ar flti rate 50 ml o f amm o nium
oxal ate s oul t i o n , th e f iltrate b ecome c loudy. A 10 %
w /v s olutoi n si eit h er d extro -ro tato ry o r s li gh tl y lev o -
rotato ry . Arc h si o i l Identfi i c atoi n T e s t : TL C Wegi h t
p er m l Refractvi e Index Akl al n i p uri ties S em i d -
i e m
i g o lis Pero x i de value Ac id v alue Iodine v al ue
ryn
l e Rancd
Sap onfi ci ati on vau i ti y
Casto r o il Identif icatoi n T es t :
Lgi ht ab so rp toi n
W e gi h t pe r ml Re frac tvi e ni dex Op ti cal ro tat io n
Peroxid e v al u e Ac id v alue
Acetyl v alue H ydro x y l v al ue Sap o nfi ci ation v al ue
Io dni e v aul e Fo reig n F atty Sub stances Me nth a o li
Identfi ic atoi n Tes t :
Aci dity o r al k al inity Wegi ht p e r ml S p ec ific op tci al ro -
t ation As say S tarc h Id enti f i cat i on Te st :
Corn or m aiz e s tarch : Po lyh edral granules, 2 to 23
m ci ro m eter in s zi e , o r ro unded g ranul es , 2 5 to
3 2 mic ro m e ter i n diameter . The c e ntral h li um
cons is ts o f di s t ni ct c avi ty or two to fvi e ray ed
cl ef t
 Trag ac anth Id ent if i c ati o n Test :

A s wag andh a I d entifci ation T es t :

P ro -
B e ladona le af Identi f ci atio n Te s t :
c edure :

B rah m i Identfi ic atio n Test :

i n T est :
Harid ra Ident i fic at o

Sarp gand ha Id entifci ation T e s t :

S enna Leaf I de ntfi ic atoi n Te s t :

Shatavari Iden tfi ic ation T est :

O bse rvation :
Al the tes t si p erf orm ed and res utl si o b served and

Re su lt : l in eac h giv en samp l e s .

k ep t i n obs e rv at oi n tabe
Anayl s is o f al the drug s am p l e as g iv e n i n Ph arm ac o pe i a
si p erf o rme d .
 Exper i me n t No . :
12

Pr ogr am : B . PH A RM
B atc h :

S ub BP 609SPu b-tti el Herbal

Co de Dru g
Te c h no l o gy
P rac ti c al

2
LT P Cre d ti y ar 20 19-2 0 Se me ste r Sixth
Su bej c t Co m pulso rYe
0: Cat ego ry
0:
4

T extboo k of Ph a rmaco gno sy by

Re f e r ence : C .K . Ko k at e , Pu r o h i t , G okh l ae
( 2 007 ) , 3 7 th Edi ti on , Nir al i
P r ak a shan , New D e l hi . K okate CK .
P r a c ti c al P h ar m acog n o sy . V al l abh
Pr a k asha n , 2 0 10 , P ag e N o . 36 .
Obj ect i ve : To determi ne al dehyd e conte nt o f
g i v en med i c i n a l pl a n t extract
E q u i pment /
G l asswa r e
Req ui red :
Ch emi ca l s :
 P r incip l e :
P ro c e -
d ure :
O bse r -
va ti on :
Resul t :