Social Cognitive

Presented by:
Courtney Swoboda
Ashley Vasquez
Simone Moore
Chad Costello
Erick Guzman
Doris Amos
Julia Ortiz
 What is the
Social Cognitive
Theory?
How Learning Happens: Theoretical Basis for Learning

● Learning by observing
others
● Observing outcomes of
others performing or
modeling behaviors
 ● Originally called Social
History Doris Amos Learning Theory in 1960s
by Albert Bandura.
● Agreed with classic and
operant conditioning
○ Products of Behavioral
Theory
● Bandura added
○ Observational Learning
○ Meditation Processes
 “In social cognitive theory, people are
neither driven by inner forces nor
Essential Question: automatically shaped and controlled by
the environment.”

How Does successful People convert their observations to

symbols, then that symbol serves to
one’s thought process on their
Learning Happen? ,observation to continue or discontinue
that behavior according to the symbol it
represents to the person at hand. This
Stanford University ultimately helps the person understand
relationships and problem solve.
Doris Amos

•Example
Use Scientific Information
on Brain and Learning
“Children pay attention to some of these
people (models) and encode their behavior.
At a later time they may imitate (i.e., copy) the
behavior they have observed.” - Mcleod
*Attention- behavior is captivating
*Information/stimuli is encoded and put into short
term memory That is that the stimuli is received and
travels neuron to neuron until the message is sent to
the hotel “the brain and it’s memory”. If the information
has the right information for the rooms, they will be
sent to long term memory/ room. If not they will be
turned around. This is why pupils imitate behaviors of
those similar to themselves.
*Meditation- Brain considers the consequences of the
actions and if it is one they would like to receive.
*Brain sends messages through the body through
neurons to either imitate or reject the behavior.
*The more the behavior is done, the more myelination
is coated on the neurons for that behavior making it
easier to repeat that behavior in the future.
*Making habits hard to break.
How do these theorists think the brain works to make learning stick? Provide
Info on your part of the brain.
● “People are neither driven by inner forces nor
automatically shaped and controlled by the
environment. As we have already seen, they
function as contributors to their own motivation,
behavior, and development within a network of
reciprocally interacting influences” (www.uky.edu)
● Albert Bandura believed that learning occurs in a
social context with a strong and reciprocal
interaction of the person, environment, and
behavior.
● According to Lefrancios (2012), there are many
ways observational learning can occur:
○ You learn a new response
○ You choose whether or not to imitate the
model depending on what you saw happen to
the model
○ You learn a general rule that you can apply
to other situations
How Does the Brain Work?
The Neurobiology of Social
Cognition
How Does the Brain Work?

“Memory
is a hotel,
with short term-
memory represented
by the lobby, and long-
term memory represented
by the guest rooms”
(Weinstein, Sumeracki, Caviglioli)
Flexibility and Experiences are how learning get
into long term memory.
What we experience sticks with us in a form of
untraditional dual coding. We observe a behavior
is our visual representation and how we interpret
the response (symbolize) is our textual response
Our experiences are extremely flexible making
our experiences answers to all of our problems.
However, when we come across a problem that
requires a response that we have not
experienced, we will run through all of our
experiences before thinking outside of the box.
How does this theory work to get
learning into long term memory?
 Role of the Teacher
The Teacher values learner reflection and cognitive conflict and encourages
peer engagement.

Teachers have found that social modeling and examples are a very powerful
tool in education. If children see positive consequences from an action, they are
likely to do that action themselves.

Unique, novel, and different situations often catch a student’s attention and can
stand out to them.

Empathy and care are crucial to making sure this learning theory goes well in
your classroom. Teachers should always remember that they can focus on
reinforcement to shape behavior, model appropriate behavior, and build
self-efficacy as part of their classroom model.

Gamify Learning.

Peer coaching is a great way to help students learn from each other. Students
connected to each other can observe and learn, helping each other along the way.
It’s important to be careful when instituting peer coaching—you don’t want
students to feel uncomfortable or insecure about another student helping them.
This can work well for math learning, paper writing and editing, and more. To
institute peer coaching, carefully observe students first to see who would be a
good fit to make the experience a success.

Teachers can be a peer coach for students, or another aid can help act as peer
coaches for students, especially when it comes to older students. Older students
can directly learn from adults who have been in similar situations, and they can
see how then ended up and how they got to where they are.
Role of the student

Students observing others.

Students must be engaged.

Social learning theory also has a great

root in encouraging self-efficacy by
using constructive feedback. Students
who get positive reinforcement have
more confidence in themselves and their
abilities—this stands out in their mind
and they want to repeat this behavior.

Building Self-Efficacy

(Chad Costello)
 The flipped classroom model. A flipped classroom model
Perfect Lesson involves changing the way students would traditionally
learn. Instead of a teacher lecturing during the school
day, students watch an instructional video or reading
Flipped Classroom Model material at home. Then in class, they apply what they
learned through activities or assignments that might
have been homework. Teachers act as guides and
coaches, helping them continue their learning. This
embodies the social learning theory because students
are able to observe the behavior and action of other
students during the learning and activities, seeing when
they are getting praised and encouraged, and apply
those observations to their learning.
Teachers can incorporate this model by recording
themselves lecturing on a certain subject so students
can watch that video as their homework. They can then
take their homework assignments and plan to work on
them the next day with the students. It can be beneficial
for teachers who choose this model to be available to
help answer student questions if needed.
Inquiry Model
How does this model promote long
term memory?

- Active Listening

- Curiosity (Asking Great Questions

- Social Interaction

- Reflecting
Role of Peers Peers or role models are a primary part of
process of knowledge construction through
modeling and observational learning.

Observational Learning

● Attentional Processes- Information

that is going to be observed, can be in
person or through media.
● Retention Processes- How we
remember information during
observation so that we can recall it
later.
● Production Processes- Reconstruction
of learned material that can be
applied to different situations.
● Motivational Processes- Replication of
behaviors is directly related to
whether the observer observed desires
or adverse outcomes.
Dependant upon Self Efficacy and Outcome
Expectancy.

Intrinsic

● Self Efficacy- The belief we have about

our own ability to complete a task.

Extrinsic

● Outcome Expectancy- The belief about

the results we will have when we
complete a task.

Observational models can be a source of

motivation and can increase Self Efficacy.

● If we see someone getting a positive

outcome out of a behavior, we are more
motivated to model after it.

Motivation
Growth Mindset

Growth Mindset is based in the Social

Cognitive Theory.

● Praise students for their efforts in

their learning goals to increase
their self efficacy within
themselves.
● Students with self efficacy will grow
in resilience to embrace challenges
and persevere through them.
● Through observational learning,
students can be inspired by the
successes of others.
Use of Technology
Gamification and simulations
connect to social learning theory
by allowing students to make real
observations for rewards and
punishments in an engaging way
in the classroom. Students can win
a game or see someone succeed
in the simulation, and then
emulate that behavior.

Virtual worlds and interactive games

1. Pairing graphics with words.
Young or old, all of us receive information through two
primary pathways — words and graphic or pictorial
representations. Student learning increases when
teachers convey new material through both.
2. Linking abstract concepts with concrete representations.
Teachers should present tangible examples that
illuminate overarching ideas and also explain how the
examples and big ideas connect.
3. Posing probing questions.
Asking students “why,” “how,” “what if,” and “how do
you know” requires them to clarify and link their
knowledge of key ideas.
4. Repeatedly alternating problems with their solutions
provided and problems that students must solve.
Explanations accompanying solved problems help
students comprehend underlying principles, taking
them beyond the mechanics of problem solving.
5. Distributing practice
Students should practice material several times after
learning it, with each practice or review separated by
weeks and even months.
6.Assessing to boost retention.
Beyond the value of formative assessment (to help a
teacher decide what to teach) and summative
assessment (to determine what students have
learned), assessments that require students to recall
material help information “stick.”
How to use Social
Cognitive Theory
effectively in the
classroom:

- Observation
- Modelling
- Motivation
 How Does Learning
Question
Essential

Happen?
References
● https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/SB/BehavioralChangeTheories/BehavioralChangeTheories5.html
● Bandura, A. (1989). SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY. Stanford University, 6.
https://doi.org/https://www.uky.edu/~eushe2/Bandura/Bandura1989ACD.pdf
● Bobo doll experiment https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6lYsmt9qUVI
● Mcleod, S. (n.d.). Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory. Albert Bandura's Social Learning Theory | Simply Psychology.
https://www.simplypsychology.org/bandura.html.
● Weinstein, Y., Sumeracki, M., & Caviglioli, O. (2019). Understanding how we learn: a visual guide. Routledge.
● Vinney, C. (2019). Social Cognitive Theory: How We Learn From the Behavior of Others. Thought Co.
https://www.thoughtco.com/social-cognitive-theory-4174567#:
● Hopper, E. (2019). Understanding Self Efficacy. Thought Co. https://www.thoughtco.com/self-efficacy-4177970
● http://acs.ist.psu.edu/misc/dirk-files/Papers/social%20cognitive%20neuroscience/NeurobiologyOfSocialCognition.pdf
● https://courses.lumenlearning.com/edpsy/chapter/social-cognitive-learning-theory/
● https://blog.schoolspecialty.com/digital-social-learning-offer-modern-classroom/
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