54 - 12th English - Full Notes 2020 - 2021 - Surya Guide - English Medium Download

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ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
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c bcsb
ss
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esteiptip 12
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PROSE
UNIT eteiptip1 bcsbesteiptip
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
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Two Gentlemen of Verona
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- A.J. Cronin
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ss Warm s s up teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
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Life is full of ups and downs. It has pleasant surprises as well as rude shocks. Nevertheless, every
ss s s incidentteioffers
s s a lessonteipfor
s sus to learnteipand
s s evolve into sbetter
s individuals.ss ss ss ss
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cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Mention some unexpected challenges or adversities one could face in life.
Loss of the bread winner s s Sudden floods
ss ss ss teiptsips ss ss teiptsips ss ss
PROSE - Two Gentlemen of Verona

e csbes
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What qualities do yousp think one should possess to handle hardships and overcome them?
s
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b esteipti s sbesteiptsips s
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Confidence
c c and hard b
c cwork b
cc c Hard
bc work and c cteam spirit c c
b b b
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Presence of mind and courage Quick to respond with optimism
sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sesteiptip
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c bc c bc Summary c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
ss ss ss ss iptsips iptsips iptsips ss tiptsips ss

eteiptip eteiptip Thebcsnarrator
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the outskirts of Verona, two young boys who sold wild strawberries stopped their car. The small boys appeared to
be quite shabby and the driver was not keen on buying strawberries from them. Then the narrator’s companion
ss ps
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s
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eiptsip one baged tsipswas Nicola, sips ss teiptsips ss
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12, was Jacopo. The narrator and his companion bought the biggest basket of strawberries from the boys and
went towards the city. The next morning, they again saw the same two boys doing the shoe shining job and on
s
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they could work as guides and show the visitors places of interest in the town. So, the narrator asked them to
take them around. During the time of their stay in the town, the two young boys turned out to be very helpful
1
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b sbesteiptip steiptivisitors. sbesteipti
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Then, the boys were found with a bundle of unsold newspapers and were ready to sell them when
the lasts bus arrived one night. The narrator asked them why theyswere working ssoshard. He also told them that
UNIT
ss iptips iptsips iptsips iptsips iptips iptsips teiptsips ss
eteiptip e te e te e te e te e te e teiptip e te bcsbesfood. eteiptip
cbcsbs cbthey
s s
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bcbfetch sufficient s
cbcbmoney andcbcasked
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b why they s
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s s
cbcb s anything s
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s cbcsbs
Nicola told him that they had something in their minds but he did not elaborate.
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the ss sips car to the sips Polenta sps was around ss ss
eteiptip csbeskilometrescbaway.
csbes Nicola cdid steipti
bcsbenot esiptipdrop them estineipthis esteiptvillage esteiptithat esteiptip eteiptip
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like the fact that his brother was troubling the narrator. But the narrator
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gladly agreed to help the boys reach that place. So, the next afternoon, he along with his companion drove
to the
teiptsipvillage. Afterteiptsreaching thetipplace,
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c When
c c the narrator c c entered thec hospital
c he saw
c c those boysctalking c to a girl
c cwho was a cpatientc in cc
1
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ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip b
c the hospital. cWhen the narrator
c csb
ss
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ss
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c talking to a girlsb
ss
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c who was a cpatient in
ss
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c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
entered the
the hospital. He tried to find out from the nurse about the girl in the hospital and the boys. Later, the nurse
ss toldte ptsipsthat Lucia
ihim tsipsthe sister
tipwas teipof s
tsipthose two tboys spsand was tsuffering
s s from te iptsips s mentioned ss ss
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cbcsbs cbthat bcsb bcsb bcsb
And even their father, a widower, had got killed during the
c c c c bcsb cbcsbs
early part of the war. When he died, his three children were left to starve. She told the narrator that the boys
ss became
teiptsipsa part of thes resistance
s movement.
iptsips Once spthe
s war was over,
s s Lucia got ptsipafflicted
s with
teiptsituberculosis
ps teiand
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eteiptip csbesboys hadcto esteiptip sbeste steipti had been
bcsbethey eteiptip sbestei to csbespaymentscbregularly
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cbcsbs cbthe bcsbadmit cbcthe
her to hospital.cSo, cbcsbstrying theircbcbest makecb the cbcsbs
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iptsips The snarrator
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b steiptsips waited
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to give the impression that he did not know about their secret.
eGlossary
ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss tiptsips ss
esteiptip s esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip bcsbese5 esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cPage c bcsb
shrug
– raise one’s shoulders slightly and momentarily
ss tsips ss tsips a loose s
eiptsip garment iptsips sleeves ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptunic eteiptip eteip– etouter etewithout eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
slackened
– reduced
ss demeanour – s s appearance and behaviour
eteiptip teiptsips teiptsips teiptip teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
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ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
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e e e e
cbcsbs s
b s
cbc artless cbcsb s s
b s
cbc – innocent,
cbcsb s cbcsbs
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hawk
– sell things crying out loudly, going from place to place
s
besteiptsips s
b es tsips
teipdeserted s
b esteiptsips s
b esteip– tsips uninhabited,
s
b esteiptsipsunoccupied
sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
c c emigrate b
cc b
c c – take b
c cup citizenship b b
c cof another country
cc b
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vexation
– annoyance
ss tsips ss tsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipvestibule
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b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
chatter
– a series of short, quick, high-pitched sounds
ss
eteiptip e teipintrude
tsips e teiptsips e teip– tsips enterswithout
e teiptsips permission ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
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ss
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ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb rubble s
cbcb s s s
cbcb – debris, s
cbcb broken brickscbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
Additional
ss
eteiptip
Glossary
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
convey – express glanced – looked at
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptshabby
sips
sbesteiptsips– untidy
s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips provoked
s
besteiptsips s
b e
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s s
s
b
cc b
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worn c c b
cc
– damaged b
cc b
c csteady b
c c – firm c c b
cc b
cc
tunic – a loose outer garment without engaging – attractive
1
ss ss s s sleeves ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
c c c
gathered c
– collected c c frequently c – often c c c
skinny frame – lean body relied upon – trusted
UNIT
ss sips ss sps ss ss ss s
teiptsipthere ss ss
eteiptip eteiptgazing eteiptip – staring,
eteiptilooking eteiptip eteiptip
errands e–teiptipgoing here
eand eteiptip
doing eteiptip
work for others
tangled – twisted deserted – uninhabited, lonely
ss ss ss ss ss sips ss iptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip – serious
eteiptip eteiptip bestei pt eteiptip beste country eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs earnestcbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsemigrate cbcsbs to leave
cbcsone’s cbc/sbs cbcsbs
to live in another country
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esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptip esteiptsips esteiptips esteiptips eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b shoe shine
b
cc s
b – b
cc s
polishing
b the b
cc s
shoes
b b
cc s
pause
b b
cc s
b – cbcsbs
silence b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s
2 brisk – quick vexation annoyance
c c c c c c c c c c
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b esteiptsips s
b
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
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c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
trade – business put out – uninterested
dwelling – living place tiny – small
ss ss ss ss ss iptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip – stopped
eteiptip eteiptip beste eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs drew up
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsresemblance cbcsbs– similarity
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
scarcely – hardly murmured – whispered
ss leaped – jumped sps horribly – sp greatly
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
eteipti purposefully iptsips
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eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s sb
determinedly
cbc s cbcsbs
– resolutely, cbcsbs s
cbcsort s
b s
cbc – kind cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
cubicle – compartment amidst – in the middle of
s
besteiptsips s
b es
sips
teiptpaused s
b esteiptsips– stopped
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips
persuaded
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be
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s
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b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
bade c c b
c c / told
– asked b
cc b
c cscarce b
c c – rare c c b b
cc b
cc
propped up – upheld / backed devotion – dedication
ss sips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptengagingbcsbesteiptip – attractive
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
nobility
bcsbes–teiptipdignity bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
make a living – to earn money for one’s life
ss ss ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
cbcsbs cbcsbs Exercise
cbcsbs withcbAnswer
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Choose the correct synonyms for the underlined words from the options given.
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bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip

cbcsbs cbcsbs 1. Hecshrugged cbcshoulders
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a) bent b) shook c) drooped d) raised
s
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b ethe
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s
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asbshortened
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b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
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cc b
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cc b
cc
a) collected b) carried c) opened d) closed
ss 3.s s Jacopotwho s s barely came s s up to the door

s s handle of
s sthe car, twas s snearly 12. ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbeseiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbeseiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c a) csurely c b) happily
c c c) hardly c d) sadly
c c c
4. ------- then as trade slackened we went over.
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5. They were in many ways quite artless.
ss ss ss psbeautiful teiptsips
teiptsib) ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip a) ugly
eteiptip e e c) innocent
eteiptip eteiptip d) proper
6. In the week which followed we saw them frequently.
s s a) often s s sb)srarely c) seldom sipsd) happilyteiptsips
esteiptsips e tei pt i p e tei pt i p e tei pss
t i p ss
e tei pt i p e tei pt i p e tei pt e e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cbcsbs 7. One bs
cbcsday we came
s
cbcsbupon sbs
cbcin
them a windy and cbcsbsdesertedcsquare
bcsbs ------- cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s
a) inhabited b) crowded c) sandy d) empty
1
ss tsips teiptsipas pause. ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip8. There
bcsbewas
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c c c c c c c c c c
a) order b) silence c) movement d) laughter UNIT
ss tsip s ------- tiptsips I could tsips s two passengers
tiptsipmy tiptsips ps
tiptsileaped ps car. eteiptsips
tiptsithe ss
eteiptip eteip9. before
bcsbese
tiprecover
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breath
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cbcsbs c bcsbs c
a) ran c c
b) walked c c) jumped c c
d) danced cbcsbs cbcsbs
ss 10. Everything is so difficult now, food so scarce and dear, we could notspkeep going unless we charged
eteiptip e teiptsips a fee.sbesteiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teipti s e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbc cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) rare b) plenty c) bad d) sad
s
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b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b es
s
teiptsipAnswers
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
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cc b
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cc
1. d 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. c 6. a 7. d 8. b 9. c 10. a 3
c c c c c c c c c c
s
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b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
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c bcsb
ss
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c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Self-Evaluation
ss tiptsips ss ss ss ss teiptsipsgiven.sbesteiptsips ss ss
eteiptip bcsbese the correcteteiptip eteiptip eteiptip wordseteiptip csbes eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cChoose cbcsbs synonyms
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cbcsbs cbcsbsfrom thecboptions cbc cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. He shrugged his shoulders to convey his disapproval of their shabby appearance.
ss ss ss spswish teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip
eteiptip a) control
eteiptip eteiptib) e c) improve
eteiptip eteiptip Ans:
eteiptip d) express eteiptip eteiptip
a) clean s s b) untidy c) tidy s s
d) good Ans:
esteiptsips esteiptsips eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips
e teiptsips
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b cbcsbs b
ccsb s ccb s
b s cc
3. One boy had on a worn jersey and cut-off khaki pants.
b s
b s c csbs
b b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
a) damaged b) new c) fresh d) sticky Ans:

b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip
c c c c 4. -------
c the otherc a shortenedc army tunic gathered
c c c c c in loose
c c folds about
c his skinny
c c frame.
c c c
a) strong body b) beautiful body c) lean body d) fat body Ans:
ss ss psips ss ss ss tiptsips attracted. ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t at the esteiptiplittle figures,
eteiptip esteiptip bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 5. Yet,
cbcgazing cbcsbtwo cbcsbs we felt
cbcsbourselves cstrangely cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) striking b) kicking c) shouting d) staring Ans:
ss tsip s Yet, gazing
tiptsipsat thestwo ps figures,
tiptsilittle s theirtbrown
tiptsipwith iptsips skins, ptsips iptsipsearnest iptsips ss
eteiptip eteip6. bcsbese bcbese bcsbese bcsbese
titangled
bcsbese
hair tand
bcsbese
teyes,
bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c
we felt ourselves strangely attracted. c c c c c cbcsbs
a) twisted b) straight c) dirty d) washed Ans:
sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b c c 7. Yet,
b b c cgazing at the
b b c ctwo little figures,
b b b
cc b with their
c c brown skins,
b b c c tangledchair
b b bc and earnest
b c c eyes,
b b b
cc b
we felt ourselves strangely attracted.
ss s s a) bright ss sb)sgloomy teiptsips c) serious
ss s sd) small teiptsips Ans: teiptsips ss
esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip e esteiptip esteiptip e e esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb
8. ------- we saw our friends bent over shoe shine boxes beside the fountain in the public
square, doing brisk business.
ss ss ss ss ss sps ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip a) slow
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip steipti eteiptip d) difficult
eteiptip Ans: eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c bcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs b) quick
cbcsbs cbc)
csbepoor cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
9. We watched for a few moments; then as trade slackened we went over.
ss iptsips a) reduced ss spsimproved teiptsips teiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip ete eteiptip eteiptib) e c)equick eteiptip d) fast eteiptip Ans: eteiptip eteiptip
10. He glanced at us hopefully.
a) jumped b) shouted ps c) improved d) looked ps Ans: ps
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b estei tips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b estei tips s
b estei tips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
11. My interest was again provoked by their remarkable demeanour.
a) pulled back b) incited c) excited d) reduced Ans:
1
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip b csbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c 12. Myc interest wasc again provokedc by their cremarkable demeanour.
c c c c
a) behaviour b) sight c) strength d) size Ans:
UNIT
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip andbcsengaging.
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 13. Nicola’s
cbcsbs smile was
cbcsbsteady c bs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) light b) gloomy c) weak d) firm Ans:
ss tsips Nicola’s tsips wassesteady
teiptsips and sengaging.
ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteip14. eteipsmile eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) weak b) attractive c) ugly d) forming Ans:
s
b esteiptsips sbesteip15.
tsips Nicola sbe
and
steiptsipsJacoposbecould
steiptsipsbe relied
sbesteipupon
tsips to satisfy
s
b esteiptsipsour needs.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
c c bc
a) cunderstood b
cc b
c cfor
b) asked bc trusted c c
c c) b b
cc
d) depended b
cc
Ans: b
cc
4
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c was glaring bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c at his younger
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12bcsb
ss
esteiptip
16. Nicola brotherc in vexation.c c c c
a) annoyance b) happiness c) sadness d) pleasure Ans:
ss ss s
teiptsiplip, ss ss iptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbeshis esteipatipratherbcput
eteiptip bestesaid “Very esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 17. Hecbit then
cbcsbin c sbs out tonecbcshe cbcsbwell.” cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) interested b) keeping c) selfish d) uninterested Ans:
ss tsips I imagined tiptsipsthat our iptsips tiptsips be some ps
tiptsihumble tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteip18. bcsbese
tdestination
bcsbese
would
bcsbese bcsbese
dwelling.
bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs c bcsbs c
a) forest
c c
b) living place
c c
c) walled place
c
d) good place Ans:
c cbcsbs
19. But directed by Jacopo, we drew up at a large p re-roofed villa.

s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b estei tsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc c c
b a) csigned
bc b
cc b) waved
b
cc c c)
bc stopped c c b d) saw
b
cc Ans:
b
cc b
cc
20. I could scarcely believe my years.
ss iptsips a) hardly ss tiptsips tiptsips teiptsips ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bsbeste
c bcsbesteiptip
bsbese b) happily
bsbese bc)
sbesadly
s b sbesteiptip d) quickly
b sbesteiptip Ans:
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip
c c c cc cc c c c c c c c c c c
21. I found a grilled side-entrance and determinedly rang the bell.
ss
eteiptip
psips a) quickly psips psib)
psgladly eteiptsips c) withpsipfear
s psips Ans:esteiptsips
psipsd) resolutely ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcbsestei t sestei t
cbcb sestei t
cbcb ss cbcb sestei t sestei t
cbcb sestei t
cbcb s cbcb cbcb cbcsbs
22. At the door of a little cubicle the nurse paused.
a) signed s b) stopped c) ran s d) laughed Ans:
ss iptsips iptsip iptsips iptsips iptsip ss ss ss ss
eteiptip ete ete ete ete ete eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip

cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
23. ------- with a smile bade me look through the glass partition. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) asked b) pushed c) pulled d) touched Ans:
s
besteiptsips s
b es tsips
teip24. The two
s
b es
sips
teiptboys were
s
b es eiptsip
tseated s
at e
the
s
b s
sips
teiptbedside of
s
b es
ps
taeiptsigirl of e
about
s
b s
s
teiptsiptwenty e
who
s
b s
s
teiptsipproppeds
b es
up
ps
teiptsion s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc
pillows -------
ss a) smiled s s b) gathered s s c) upheld d) showed s s Ans:
esteiptip esti
e ptsips esti
e ptip esti
e ptsips estei ptip estei ptsips estei ptsips esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb bcsb bcsb
c wearing ca pretty lace jacket, c bcsb c bcsb bcsb
c chatter, her bcsb
c eyes soft and bcsb
c tender. c bcsb
25. ------- was listening to their
a) face b) talk c) shouting d) laughter Ans:
ss ss ss psips ss psips iptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip sbestei tto intrudeeteiptip sbestei t family beste eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 26. I felt
cbcsbIscould not
cbcbear cbcsbsupon this
cbchappy cbcsparty. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) inform b) exclude c) include d) interfere Ans:
ss tsips For monthstiptsips ptsips keptestthemselves
iptsips teiptsipsin a sort tiptsips iptsips teiptsips ss
eteiptip eteip27. bcsbese they sbestei barely
bchad bcsb e bcsbesalive bcsbeseof shelterbcsthey
beste built cwith
bcsbestheir eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c
own hands amidst the rubble.
c c c c cbcsbs
a) kind b) short c) small d) dirty Ans:
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc c c 28. Forc months
b bc they
c chad barely ckept
b bc themselves c c alive in acsort
b bc of shelter c cthey built cwith
b bc their b
cc
1
ss ipsips a) over ipsips ipsib)
psnear ss s s to teiptsipsd) amongteip tsips Ans: teiptsips
c) opposite ss
esteiptip etet etet etet esteiptip esteiptip e e e esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb
29. For months they had barely kept themselves alive in a sort of shelter they built with their
UNIT
ss s s psips psips psips sps psips psips Ans:esteiptsips ss
eteiptip sbese
ti pt i p
sbestei t
a) houses sbestei tb) ruins sbestei t c) steipti
sbefriends sbestei t d) enemies
sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbc cbc cbc cbc cbc cbc sb cbc cbc cbcsbs
30. They brought her here and persuaded us to take her into the hospital.
ss
eteiptip
psips a) shouted psip s psib)
psinformed psips c) tolerated
psips psipsd) convincedpsip s Ans:esteiptsips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs sestei t
cbcb sestei t
cbcb sestei t
cbcb sestei t cbcbsestei t sestei t
cbcb sestei t
cbcb s cbcb cbcb cbcsbs
31. Yet their devotion had touched me deeply,
a) dedication b) information c) satisfaction d) demand Ans:
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
32. Their selfless action brought a new nobility to human life ------ b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
5
a) devotion b) interest c) dignity d) shape Ans:
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Antonyms
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs shabbycbcsbs c b
× neat
csb cbcsbs c b s
extremely
c b c×bcsbmildly, c b sb
moderately
c cbcsbs cbcsbs
worn × new windy × calm
ss sips ss ss ss ss teiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptloose eteiptip × tight
eteiptip eteiptip desertedeteiptip × einhabited eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
tangled × straight tiny × big, huge
earnest
teiptsips tei ptsips tei ptsips× frivolous,
tei ptsipsindifferentteiptsipsscarcely teiptsips × sufficiently
teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
es e e e e e e e e e
b
cc s
b cbcsbs strangely cbcsbs bcsbs
× ccommonly cbcsbs cbcsbs
pleasant ×b
cc s
b s
ugly b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
brisk × slow pretty × ugly
ss seriously
ss s s× casually ss s searly ss × late s s ss ss ss
c c c
hopefully × cdoubtfully c c
destroyed c created
× c c c
lively × dull, gloomy comfortable × uncomfortable
ss sips ss ss ss ss sips sips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptsteady eteiptip × unsteady,
eteiptip unreliable
eteiptip horribly eteiptip ×bsbe teipt
attractively eteipt eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cc s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
frequently × seldom exposure × cover
cbcsbs cbcsbs Exercise csbes

cbcsbs withcbAnswer cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
teiptsips Choose
tiptsipthe
s correct
tiptantonyms
sips for
tiptsipthe
s underlined
tiptsips words from
tiptsipsthe options
tiptsipsgiven. teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
es ee ee ee ee ee ee e e e
b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
ss a) dirty s s b) neat c) tattered d) ragged s s

esteiptip e sti
e ptsips eteiptip e ti
e ptsips ss
esteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
esteiptip
e tei ptsips eteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsb cbcsbs c bcsb s c bcsb cbcsbs bcsb cbcsb
c public
2. ------- we saw our friends bent over shoe shine boxes beside the fountain in the
s cbcsbs c bcsb
square, doing brisk business.
ss iptsips a) slow ss spsquick teiptsips teiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip ete eteiptip eteiptib) e c)epoor eteiptip d) difficult
3. In the week which followed we saw then frequently.
ss s s a) often teiptsips sb)sregularly teiptsips c) seldom
ss s sd) happilyteiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip e eteiptip e eteiptip eteiptip e eteiptip eteiptip
4. The following afternoon we drove to the tiny village.
a) small b) dirty c) neat d) huge
s
b esteiptsips s
bestei ptsips
sbestei ptsips
s
b estei ptsips
sbestei ptsips
s
bestei ptsips
s
b estei ptsips
s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b b
c c 5. A pleasant-looking
cc b
c c woman with b
c c steel-rimmed b
c c spectacles b
c c appeared. b
cc b
cc b
cc
a) good b) ugly c) beautiful d) sad
1
ss tsips ss ss ss ptsips ss sps ptsips ss

bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip6. Their
bcsbesteiptip a widower,
father, bcsbesteiptip a well-known
bcsbesteiptip singer,
bcsbesteihad been bcsbesteiptipin thebearly
killed csbesteiptipart of bcs
thebesteiwar. bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
a) late b) primary c) timely d) initial
UNIT
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip Answers
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
1. b 2. a 3. c 4. d 5. b 6. a
ss ss psips psips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Self-Evaluation
c bc c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Choosesthe
s correct antonyms forsthe
s underlined
s s words from
s sthe options
s sgiven.
teiptsips eteiptip
ss iptip
beste tiptip tiptip tiptip tiptip teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
b es cbcsbs 1. One
cbcsboy c bcsbese c bcsbese c bcsbese c bcsbese b
cc s
b es b
cc s
bes b
ccsbes
had on a worn jersey and cut-off khaki pants.
6
a) old b) new c) shabby d) tatty Ans:
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c a shortened bcsb
c army tunic
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c gatheredc in loose folds
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c skinny
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
2. ------- the other about his
frame.
ss iptsips a) slack ss spsfree ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip ete eteiptip eteiptib) eteiptip c)eunfastened eteiptip d) tight eteiptip Ans: eteiptip eteiptip
3. ------- with their brown skins, tangled hair and dark earnest eyes, we felt ourselves
ss strangelysattracted.
eteiptip teiptsips tiptips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
sps
steipti
ss
eteiptip d) jumbled
ss
eteiptip Ans:
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs c bcsbes bcsbese
a) cstraight cbcsbs b) twisted
cbcsbs csbecurled
cbc) cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
4. ------- with their brown skins, tangled hair and dark earnest eyes, we felt ourselves
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips strangely
s
b es
s
teiptsipattracted.
sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
a) serious b) solemn c) grave d) frivolous Ans:
ss 5.s s ------- twith s s their brown s s skins, tangled s s hair teiands s dark earnest s s eyes, twe s felt
s ourselves ss ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbeseiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbes ptip b sbesteiptip b sbeseiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip
c c c c strangely
c c attracted.
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
a) oddly b) peculiarly c) commonly d) happily Ans:
ss ss ss psips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 6. Nicola
cbcsbsanswered
cbcseriously. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) cunningly b) casually c) extremely d) utterly Ans:
ss tsip s He glanced tiptsipsat us hopefully.
tiptsips tiptsips teiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteip7. bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip

cbcsbs c bcsbs c c c csbes
cbc) c c c cbcsbs
a) positively b) confidently doubtfully d) keenly Ans:
s
besteiptsips sbesteip8.
tsip s Jacopo sbestewas
iptsipslivelysas
e
b steiaptsisquirrel.
ps
sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
c c b
a) cdull
c ccb b
b) bright
cc b
c c)
c active b
cc b
d) sparkling
cc b
Ans:
cc b
cc
9. We saw them frequently for they proved extremely useful to us.
ss ptsips ss sps ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesti
e a) bc besteiptip
exceptionally
s bcsbesteiptib) sadly
bcsbesteiptip bc)
csbeadequately
s
bcsbesteiptip d) moderately
bcsbesteiptip Ans:
bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
10. One day we came upon them in the windy and deserted square.
ss iptsips a) stormy ss spscalm teiptsips teiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip ete eteiptip eteiptib) e c)ebreezy eteiptip d) confused
eteipti p Ans: eteiptip eteiptip
11. One day we came upon them in the windy and deserted square.
ss s s a) uninhabited
ss sb)slonely teiptsips c) inhabited
ss s sd) neat teiptsips Ans: teiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e eteiptip eteiptip e e eteiptip
12. I could scarcely believe my eyes.
a) sufficiently b) barely c) hardly d) narrowly Ans:
s
b esteiptsips s
bestei ptsips
s
b estei ptsips
sbestei ptsips
sbestei ptsips
s
bestei ptsips
sbestei ptsips
s
b esteiptsips
s
b
cc b
c c 13. Who b
c cpropped up b
c con pillows cand b b b
c wearing ca cpretty lacecjacket?c b
cc b
cc b
cc
a) beautiful b) smart c) cute d) ugly Ans:
1
ss tsips ptsips tsips teiptsips sips ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip14. Shortly
bcsbesteiafterwards
bcsbesateipbomb had
bcsbedestroyed
s bc besteipthome.
their
s bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
a) ruined b) created c) demolished d) seen Ans: UNIT
ss tsips Theyshad sps teiptsips from teiptsipsstarvation ss ss sps ss ss
eteiptip eteip15. eteiptisuffered ehorribly enear eteiptipand exposure
eteiptip to the eteiptiwinter.
cold eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) greatly b) greeted c) mildly d) strongly Ans:
eteip16.
tsips Theyshadesteiptisuffered horribly
psips fromesnear psipsstarvation psipand
ss sps s exposure psipsto the cold psiwinter.
ps psips ss
eteiptip sbestei t sb tei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs c bcsbs c bc b
a) cover c bc c b
b) open c c bc
c) rare c bc c bc
d) strong c b
Ans:c cbcsbs
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
7
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Textual Exercises
ss tiptsips teiptsips iptsips sps teiptsips ss psips ss ss
eteiptip bcsb eseAnswercbthe
csbes following beste esteiptior csbes eteiptip eteiptip
sbestei t understanding eteiptip
cbcsbs c1. cbcsquestions cin
bcsbone two
cbsentences cbcsbsbased on
each cbcyour cbcsbs cbcsbs
of the story.
ss tsip s Whom s narrator
iptsipthe s
tiptsipmeet s
tiptsipoutskirts ps
tiptsiVerona? tiptsips tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteipa) tdid
bcsbese bcsbese
at the
bcsbese
of
bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c c c
The narrator met two brothers, Nicola and Jacopo at the outskirts of Verona.
c c cbcsbs cbcsbs
b)sips Why did the

sips driver not sipapprove of the sips narrator buying fruits sfrom the boys?
s
besteiptsips s
b estei pt
The e
boys
s
b stei pt
looked very
sbestei pt
shabby
s
and e
the
s
b steipt
driver s
bes
thought
tei ptsips
that the se
b st
fruits
i
e pt i ps
might nots e
be
b s tsips
teipneat and esteiptsipSos
clean.
s
b s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc
he did not approve of the narrator buying fruits from the boys.
ss c)s s The boys sdid
s not spend s much
s on tclothes
s s and food. s s Why? teiptsips ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbeseiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbes bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c
Though the boys cearned enoughcmoney, they did c not spend much c money oncclothes and food c because c
they had to pay every week for the treatment of their sister.
ss tsips Weresethe ps saving
teiptsiboys sips psthe States?
teiptsito ss s
teiptsipknow? ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipd) eteiptmoney toego eteiptip How bdoeyou eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The boys did not have any idea of going to the States. They told the narrator they had some other
plans for the money they earned.
ss ss iptsips ss ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bestethe author eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs e) Why

cbcsdid cbcsbsavoid going csbes
cbcsbsto Lucia’scbroom? cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The author saw the boys talking to their sister in the hospital. He avoided going inside the room
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips because
s
b esteihe
ptsipdecided
s
s
b
notiptto
este sipsinterfere
s
b e
iniptthe
ste sipsfamilysbget-together.
esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
f) What was Lucia suffering from?
Lucia was ailing from tuberculosis of the spine.
ss ptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
e bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c g) Whatc made thecboys join thec Resistance cMovement against c c
the Germans? c c
The boys lost their father and the house because of the war. When the Germans started ruling them,
ss ss ss s ss ss tsipsGermans. ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip theybcshated
eteiptipthem. So teiptsipjoined
ethey the tResistance
e eiptip Movement
eteiptip against
eteipthe eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
h) What made the boys work so hard?
ss Their wishstoscure their sister of tuberculosis made them work so hard.
eteiptip teiptsips teiptip teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b es
cbc i) Why sbes s
cbcdidn’t the cboys
bc e
b s c bcsbes c bcsbes c bcsbese cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
disclose their problem to the author?
The boys wanted to keep their family matter with themselves. So they did not disclose their problem
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips to thesbeauthor.
steiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
2. Answer the following questions in three or four sentences each.
1
ss tsip s Describe sips ss sips ss ss ss ss ss

bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipa) bcsbesteiptthe bcsbesteiptip of Nicola
appearance bcsbesteiptand Jacopo.
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Nicola and Jacopo were brothers. Nicola was 13 and Jacopo seemed to be 12. They looked shabby
with a worn s jersey and a shortened army stunic. They had brown skin, tangled hair and earnest eyes.
UNIT
ss iptsips The author iptsipwas strangely s

iptsipattracted iptsip them. iptsips iptsips iptsips ss ss
eteiptip e te e te e te e te
towards e te e te e te eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s cbcsbs cbcsbs
b) What were the various jobs undertaken by the little boys?
ss ss sps to the ttourists.
psips Theyestshined
psips shoesesat ps public esquare.
psithe psips They guided psips the tourists psiptos ss
eteiptip eteiptip Theybcsbsold
esteiptifruit sbesei t sb ei t sb tei t sbstei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c bc c bc
different tourist centers. They sold newspapers. c bc c bc c bc c bc cbcsbs
c)sip s How did the

sips narrator help
sips the boys sipon
s Sunday?
s
b esteiptsips s
b estei pt
On e
every
s
b stei pt
Sunday the
s
b estei p
boys
t
used to
s
b esti
e pt
travel to a s
b es
village
s
teiptsipPoleta, 30
s
b es ptsips
teikilometres s
b es
from
ps
teiptsitheir e
place.
s
b s ptsips
teiThey sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc
8 usually hired cycles to go there. Jacopo asked the narrator to take them to Poleta in his car. He readily
accepted ands took them tosPoleta in his car.
ss ptsips s s ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbestei
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c took the author
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12bcsb
ss
esteiptip
d) Who to the ccubicle? c c c c c
When the author and the boys reached a good-looking villa the boys went inside. Out of curiosity the
ss ss psips them.esteiHe s the bell
psiprang s a nursetipopened
psipand sips the door. psipsNow heesrealised
psips that itestwas
psipsa ss
eteiptip eteiptip author followed
sbestei t sb t sbestei t sbeset sbestei t sb tei t sb ei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc c bc c bc
hospital. The nurse took him to the cubicle. c bc c bc c bc c bc cbcsbs
ss e) Describe the girl with s whom the boys were talking to in the cubicle.
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
esteiptip Her eyes
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s The s s
cbctwo boys were
b s
b s sb s bcs
cbcsitting near cabcgirl of aboutctwenty.
b s cbcsbas pretty lace
She wore cbcsb
jacket. cbcsbs were cbcsbs
soft and tender. She resembled the two boys. The nurse informed the author that she was Lucia, the
sister of those boys and she was being streated for tuberculosis.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
c c f) Recount b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
untold sufferings undergone by the siblings after they were rendered homeless.
They lost their father in the War. They had a comfortable life before the death of their father. Shortly
ss ss sps their house ss ss sps sps ptsipsstreet. They ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip afterbcsthey
besteiptilost bcsbesteiptip in bombing.
bcsbesteiptipSo thebcthree
sbesteiptichildrenbcsbesteiptithrown
were into
bcsbesteithe bcsbesteiptipall bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c
suffered from near starvation and severe cold. For few months they lived in a make –shift shelter they
c c
managed to build. Then the girl was affected by tuberculosis.
ss ss iptsips iptsips iptsips tiptsips to keep ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip beste beste utter cabcsword
beste and cpreferred
cbcsbs cbcsbs g) The
cbcsnarrator did
cbcsnot cbcsbs the secret
cbcsbsto himself.
cbcsbsWhy? cbcsbs
Substantiate the statement with reference to the story.
ss The boys did sipsnot want tto reveal that they were earningsp to treat their sister suffering from tuberculosis.
eteiptip teiptsips Whensbethe
teiptnarrator iptsips
e tsips
teipthe teipti sto know teiptsipstheir problem.
teiptsipsOnce he ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip

e e e e e e
cbcsbs cbcsb s cbc s went
cbcsb s to Poleta
cbcsb s
with boys he
cbcsb s
came cbc s
b s
about cbc s
b s cbcsbsasked cbcsbs
the boys whether they were earning to emigrate to the States, they said they had some other plan.
teiptsips tei ptsips So the narrator

ti
e ptsips understood tei ptsipsthey wanted tei ptsipto
s keep it tas
i
eptsiapssecret. Heteipdid
tsipsnot want ttoi
e ptsispoil
ps theiredignity
teiptsips teiptsips
b s
bes b s
b es andb sbe
intrude
s into their
b s
b eprivate
s lives.
bs e
b s b s
b es b sbes b s
b es b s
b s b s
b es
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
ss Additional
psips psips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip etei t etei t esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
Answer the following questions.
ss ss ss ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
cbcsbs cbcsbs a) Where
cbcsbsdid the narrator
cbcsbs drivecbthrough?
csbes cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The narrator drove through the foothills of the Alps.
ss tsips Whatsedid ps buy efrom
tiptsithey tiptsipsthe two iptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipb) bcbse bcsbse
tboys?
bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
They bought the biggest basket of strawberries from the two boys.
c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
s
b esteiptsips s
besteipc)
tsips Wheres
b estdid
eiptsip
the
s boys tundertake
s
b es eiptsip
s
s
the
besteiptshoe
sips shineteiwork?
s
bes ptsips
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
They
c cundertook the b
c c shoe shining b b
c cwork beside cthe b
c fountain incthe
c public square.b
cc b
cc b
cc
d) How did the narrator and others get attracted towards the boys?
1
ss ptsips sips tsips innocent. tsips hadsaestvery s
eiptsip attractive ptsips ptsips tsips ss
e The bcsbesteiptwere
boys bc besteipand
childish
s bcsbesteipNicola bc b bcsbesteismile. In bthe
csbesteifaces of those
bcsbesteipboys bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
there was seriousness which was far beyond their years. UNIT
ss tsips Why sdid sips boys rest psthe windy
tiptsiin ps deserted
tiptsiand s
tiptsipsquare? tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteipe) tiptthe
bcbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c c c c c
The boys rested in the windy and deserted square waiting for the last bus to come from Padua. They c cbcsbs
had a bundle of newspapers which they would sell to the passengers of the last bus.
ss ss ss ss ss teiptsips ss ss psips ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptipthe reaction
eteiptip eteiptip csbes esteiptiphow theyeteiptip sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs f) What
cbcsbwas cbcsbs of Nicola
cbcsbswhen thecbnarrator cbcsbhim
asked cbcsbsspent the
cbcmoney? cbcsbs
Nicola’s face became very pale. He could not look up to the face of the narrator. He looked to the
ground. ps
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b estei tips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
9
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c3. Answerc the following
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c in a paragraph
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
of 100c – 150 words c each. c c c
ss a) What wass the driving force that made the boys s do various jobs?
eteiptip teiptsips teiptips teiptsips tiptsips
e teiptips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb
es s es s es
cbcb Title cbcb Two Gentlemen s
cbcb
es c s
bcb es c bcsbese c bcsbese cbcsbs cbcsbs
of Verona
Author A.J. Cronin
ss ss sps sips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptiTheme eteiptSupreme eteiptip of two
sacrifice eteiptipfor their
boys eteiptip sister
suffering eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
Sacrifice we make for others and that others make for us, result in blessings for all.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc

b
c c was driving
The narrator
b
c c through the b b
c cfoothills of the b
c cAlps along with
c c his companion.b
c c While b
cc
driving on the outskirts of Verona, two young boys who sold wild strawberries stopped their car. The
ss ss ss sipsquite shabby ss teiptsips was not s
eiptsip on buying sips tsips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip small
bcs
boys
besteiptipappeared
bcsbesto
teiptbe
bcsbesteiptip and the
bcsbesdriver bcsbestkeen bcsbesteiptstrawberries
bcsb
from
esteip bcsbesteiptip
c c c Then the narrator’s
them. c c
companion c
got to know c were brothers.
that the boys c The elderc one aged c
13 was Nicola, and the younger brother, aged 12, was Jacopo. Then the narrator came to know that
ss s s the boysteipdid
s smany jobsteipto s money.
s earn s shinned
sThey s s guided
shoes, s s tourists tand
the s newspaper.
s sold ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip es tip es tip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eseiptip esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs bcsb bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcs
Before the War they had a very comfortable life but the war devastated their life. They lost their
c c b c bcsb cbcsbs
father and their house. They were thrown into the streets and suffered from starvation and severe
ss s s cold. Becauses s of this, teituberculosis
ptsips affected
s s their sister
teiptsipsLucia but it
ptsipdid
s not crush stheir
s spirit.tiThey
eptsip
s ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip sbesteihospital esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs admitted bcsbes hospital cfor

cbcsbs her in acposh bcsbtreatment. bcsbeshad
cThey cbcthe
to pay cbcsbevery
bill week.cbcsbes love
Their cbcsbs
for their sister was the driving force that made the boys do various jobs.
b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b Never
b
cc b stop fighting
ccb until
b you arrive
ccb b at your destined
ccb b place. b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
ss tsips Howswas sps familyteiaffected

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipb) bc esteiptithe
b bcsbes ptip by the
bcsbesteiptipwar? bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Title Two Gentlemen of Verona
ss ss Author A.J. Cronin
eteiptip eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips psips
sbestei t of two
ss
esteiptipfor their
ss
esteiptip sister
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs s s
cbcb Theme s s
cbcb Supreme cbcsacrifice cbcsbboys cbcsbsuffering cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Shortly afterward a bomb shad destroyed

ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsipchildren e ps their home
teiptsithe e
and
teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsb s thrown the
cbcsthree
b s cbcsinto
b s streets.
cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The narrator was driving through the foothills of the Alps along with his companion. While
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips driving
s
b eston
eiptsipthe outskirts
s
s
b esteiptsiof
psVerona,ettwo
sb s eiptsipyoungbsboys
s
besteiptsiwho
ps sold ewild
s
b steiptsipstrawberries
s
sbesteiptstopped
sips their
s
b esteiptcar.
sips
sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc The b
c csmall boys appearedb
cc b
to bec quite
c shabbycand b
c the driverc cwas not keen b b
c con buying strawberries
cc b
cc
from them. Then the narrator’s companion got to know that the boys were brothers. The elder one
1
ss s s aged 13teiwass sNicola, and sthe

s youngertipbrother,
s s agedtei12, s swas Jacopo. sBefore
s the War s sthey had ateipvery
ss ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbes ptip b sbesteiptip b sbesetip b sbes ptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbes tip b sbesteiptip
c c c c comfortable
c c life but
c the war devastated
c c c their clife. They lost ctheir father and
c c c their house. cThey were
c c c c
thrown into the streets. They suffered from starvation and severe cold. For months together they
s s lived with sa slot of difficulties.
s s They tstayed
s s in a make-shift
s s shelter they
sips built over sthe
s rubble.tiThen
UNIT
ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip the bboys
eteiptip esteiptip e eiptip against esteiptip esteipttime esteiptipwas affected
e eptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs joined the cbcsbresistance cbcsbs
movement cbcsbGermans. bcsbthe
cBy cbcsbsister
their cbcsbs by cbcsbs
tuberculosis. This made them work a lot to earn money to treat their sister.
ss ss ss ss ss ss tiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip wheneteiptip bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs War is what
cbcsbhappens cbcsbslanguage cfails. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
10
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c a character
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bc
c sketch of Nicola
c sb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c) Write and Jacopo.

ss ss iptsips iptsips iptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip e te e te e te eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs s
cbcb Author
s s
cbcb A.J. Cronin
s s
cbcb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Theme Supreme sacrifice of two boys for their suffering sister
ss ss psips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbesteiint both theseeteiptip esteiptipwas abseriousness
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcYet cbcsbsboyish faces
cbcsbthere c csbs cbcsbs was far beyond
which cbcsbs their years.
cbcsbs cbcsbs
‘The two gentlemen of Verona’ are the boys in the story, Nicola and Jacopo. Nicola, aged
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips 13, was
s
b es ptsipselder brother
teithe sbesteiptsipofs Jacopos
b esteiptsips12. Both
aged s
bestthe s
eiptsipsiblingsbswere
bes
ps sincere
teiptsivery s
b esteiptsipsself-sacrificing.
and s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb ccb ccb b
cc cc b
cc ccb b
cc
They were prepared to do anything for helping their sister Lucia to recover from tuberculosis. They
lived a hard life and did all sorts of odd jobs. Right from shining shoes, selling fruit, distributing
ss ss ss sipstourist guides ss ss ss teiptsipscontented sips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip newspapers,
bcsbesteiptip to working
bcsbesteiptas bcsbesteiptip and running
bcsbesteiptiptheir errands,
bcsbesteiptipthey still
bcs elooked
b s bcsbesteiptand bcsbesteiptip
c c c
maintained their cself-respect. They c did not have c the intention c of talking about c c
their struggles and c
sufferings. They wanted to keep it a secret. During the war period, they started hating Germans and
ss ss ss ss s country’s
ptsiptheir ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip alsobcjoined
eteiptipthe Resistance
eteiptipMovement
eteifor eteiptip freedom.eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
d) What message is conveyed through the story ‘Two Gentlemen of Verona’?
ss ss sps sips Gentlemen ss ss ss ss ss ss

eteiptip eteiptip eteiptiTitle eteiptTwo eteiptipof Veronaeteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip

cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs Author cbcsbs A.J. Cronin
Theme Supreme sacrifice of two boys for their suffering sister
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b b
c c selfless action
Their c c brought acnewb b
c nobility toc human
c b
life, c c b
cc b
cc
gave promise of a greater hope for human society.
ss ss ss ss ss sips ptsips story’sesttitle s
eiptsipis inspired tsipsa ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptiJ.p Cronin
bcsbesteiptip this memoir
wrote bcsbesteiptipafter visiting
bcsbesteiptVerona. The
bcsbesteishort bcsb bcsesteipby
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
popular Shakespeare’s play. Nevertheless, the main idea of the author is to underline the virtues that
make a man a real man. The story captures the sentiment that true humanity is not about letting go,
ss ss ptsips courage tsipsdetermination. ss ptsips gentlemen ss s
eiptsip their b ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip andbitsbeisteiabout eteipand eteiptip Thebtwo eteiyoung eteiptipof Verona etface eteiptip
difficulties eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cc s cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs
head on without a single complaint. When the author tried to tell them they were working too much,
they simply said they had no complaint. Their love for the agonising sister is amazing. Their dignity
ss ss tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips teiptsips is supreme. tiptsips tiptsips teiptsipsa ss
eteiptip eteiptip of labour
bcsbese is remarkable.
bcsbese Their dedication
bcsbese for their bcsbessister bcsbese Theircselfless
bcsbese actioncbbrought
csbes eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c c c c
new nobility to human life and gave promise of a greater hope for human society. Their love and
cbcsbs
emotional strength are truly commendable. And the boys’ maturity and sense of responsibility are
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sb steiptsips
also praiseworthy.
e The
sbes tsips sayssesthat
teipauthor b teiptsipins both sthe
bes tsips facesesthere
teipboyish b teiptsipswas a sseriousness
besteiptsips which sbes
sips
teiptwas sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc bc b
c c These boys b
c cdisplay exemplary b
c c courage camidst b c bc ccb b
cc
farcbeyond their age. extreme c poverty and devastation
and the author manages to find real inspiration from their lives.
1
c c c Make yourc life a masterpiece;
c imagine cno limitations c
on what you can c be, have or cdo. c
UNIT
ss e)s s Justify tthes stitle of the sstory
s ‘TwotiGentlemen
ss of Verona’.
ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip e eiptip eteiptip e eptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
Author A.J.s Cronin
ss ss ps
teiptsiTheme sip psips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip e e teiptSupreme sbestei t of two esteiptipfor their esteiptip sister eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsacrifice cbcsbboys cbcsbsuffering cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips tei ptsipsAge does tnot

i
e ptsipdefine
s your maturity.
teiptsips teiptsips
b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b
b s
s
bbe
es
s b s
bes bsbes
cc cc cc cc cc cc ccc cc
Taken from the early play by William Shakespeare, the title of thisc story ‘Two Gentlemen of cc
11
Verona’ is gripping. The story is about how two sincere and selfless young boys face hardships for the
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip b
c sister sufferingcsb
ss
esteiptip bcs
c from tuberculosis.
c b
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c the message bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c that as longc as people
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
treatment of their It conveys
are willing to make sacrifices for the well-being of others, there is hope for humanity. J. Cronin wrote
ss ss ss ss sips story’steititle
ss tsipsa popular ptsips tsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip thisbcmemoir
esteiptip after bvisiting
esteiptipVerona.bcsThe
esteiptshort es ptip is inspiredesteipby esteiShakespeare’sesteipplay. eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs sb csb b bcsb bcsb
Nevertheless, the main idea of the author is to underline the virtues that make a man a real man. The
c c c c c c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs
story captures the sentiment that true humanity is not about letting go, and it is about courage and
ss s s determination.s s The two ptyoung
sips gentlemen ptsips of Verona face
s s their difficulties
teiptsips head on
ptsipwithout
s a tsingle
eiptsip
s ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip sbesteiheroes sbesteishort esteiptip sbesthe sbestei 12, csbes eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs Though
complaint. cbcthe cbcthis
of cbcsbare
story two boyscbcof cbcand
age 13 theircb
behaviour cbcsbs
suits the grown-up men. Their composed life tells the readers they have all the qualities of gentlemen.
esteiptsips eteiptsip So the title

s iptsip‘Two
ete
s Gentlemen iptsips of Verona’iptissipvery
ete ete
s apt foriptthis
ete
sips short story.
iptsips
ete iptsips
ete iptsips
ete e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
b s
A gentleman inspires others to dream more, learn more,
do more and become more
c c c c c c c c c c
f) Adversity brings out the best as well as the worst in people. Elucidate this statement with
reference to the story.
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs Title cbcsbs Two Gentlemen
cbcsbs of Verona
Author A.J. Cronin
ss ss sps sips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptiTheme eteiptSupreme eteiptip of two
sacrifice eteiptipfor their
boys eteiptip sister
suffering eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
Your hardest times often lead to the greatest moments of life.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc
bc suffers from
When cman b
c c hardship and b b
c cdifficulty thec best
c or the worst b b
c c of his will cbec brought b
cc
out. Some will try to overcome the adversity with negative elements like anti-social dealings and
ss s s others will suse
s the positive s senergy toteipovercome
ss theip adversity.
ss Theipbest
s s or the worst s scomes out due
ss ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbes tip b sbestetip b sbestetip b sbesteiptip b sesteiptip
b b sbesteiptip
c c c c to cthe pressure of
c c adversity. Incthis story, thec two boys usectheir best to overcome
c c c c c c theirc problems.
c c c
Nevertheless, the main idea of the author is to underline the virtues that make a man a real man.
ss s s The story captures
ss the ipsentiment
tsips thatiptrue
s s humanity ptis
sipsnot aboutteiletting
s s go, andteipittsipissabout courageptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip andbcdetermination.
eteiptip etetip
beste lost everything sbesteiexcept e ptip bcsbes them to sbestei their eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsThey cbcsbs in their cbclife cbcsbsThe hopecpushes
hope. cbcuse cbcsbs
positive energy. So this story is an example to prove that adversity brings out the best in people.
ss ss ss sps psips psips ss teiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip steipti if you
bcsbebrave sbestei tonly had sbestei t eteiptip csbes eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbsYou can’tcbe cbchave cbcwonderful cbcsbshappen tocbyou.
things cbcsbs cbcsbs
s
b esteiptsips s
besteipg)
tsips Which
s
b e
character
steiptsips do tyou
s
b es eiptsip like the
s
sbe
most
steiptsips in thesbestory
steiptsipsand why?
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Author A.J. Cronin
1
ss ss ptsips ptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbestei
Theme bcsbestei
Supreme bc besteiptip of two
sacrifice
s bcsbesteiptipfor their
boys bcsbesteiptip sister
suffering bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Yetstheir
s devotion shad
s touchedtipme
s sdeeply. War shad
s not broken s stheir spirit.
UNIT
ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e etip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
A.J. Cronin, the author of ‘Two Gentlemen of Verona’ pictures the two boys – Nicola and
Jacopo – with the real characters of gentlemen. The two ‘gentlemen’ of Verona are the boys in the
ss sips story, Nicola ss s
sNicola, tsipswas the teiptsipsbrothersbeofsteipJacopo
tsips aged s
eiptsipBoth the teiptsips ss
eteiptip e teip t eteiptip and Jacopo. eteiptip eteip13,
aged eelder et12. siblings
e eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
were very sincere and self-sacrificing. They were prepared to do anything for helping their sister Lucia
to recover from tuberculosis. They lived a hard life and did all sorts of odd jobs. Right from shining
s
b esteiptsips sbestei ptsi p s shoes,sbesteiptsips fruit, sdistributing
selling
besteiptsips newspapers,
s
b esteiptsips to working
sbesteiptsipsas tourist
sbes ptsips and running
teiguides sbesteiptsips their serrands,
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
12 they still looked contented and maintained their self-respect. They did not have the intention of
talking about their family problem and wanted to keep it a secret. During the war period, they started
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c Germans and
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c also joinedc the Resistancebcsb
ss
esteiptip
c Movement for bcsb
ss
esteiptip b
c their country’scsb
ss
esteiptip
c freedom. So bcsb
c I like the
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
hating
characters of these two boys.
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip steipti
bcsbecharacter esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbsOnly through
cbcsbssuffering ccan cbcsbs
bcsbstrengthened.
cbe cbcsbs cbcsbs
eteiptip
cbcsbs
Additional
eteiptip
cbcsbs
eteiptip
cbcsbs
eteiptip
cbcsbs
eteiptip
cbcsbs
eteiptip
cbcsbs
eteiptip
cbcsbs
eteiptip
cbcsbs
eteiptip
cbcsbs
eteiptip
cbcsbs
Answer the following in a paragraph of 100 – 150 words each.
s
besteiptsips s
b es tsips Give saesshort
teip1. b teiptsips description
sbesteiptsipsof what
s
b es eiptsip
thappeneds
in
se
b st‘Two s
s
besteiptsipsof Verna’.
eiptsip Gentlemen s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ss ss sps sips Cronin teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptiAuthorbcsbesteiptA.J. bcsbes bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c
Theme Supremec sacrifice of two
c boys for their
c suffering sister
c c c
ss ss ss sips shinedteishoes,
ss s
psiphawked psips psips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptThey es ptip sold fruit,
sbestei t
newspapers,
sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs conductedcbcsbtourists c bc c bc
round the town, and ran errands. c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs
The narrator was driving through the foothills of the Alps along with his companion. While
ss ss ps outskirts
teiptsithe s
tsipVerona, sips s
eiptsip sold wild eiptsip
s teiptsips theirsbcar. sips ss
eteiptip eteiptip drivingeon eteipof eteiptyoung
two boysetwho etstrawberries stopped eteiptThe eteiptip

e
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbc s cbcsbs
small boys appeared to be quite shabby. The boys were brothers. The elder one aged 13 was Nicola,
and the younger brother, aged 12, was Jacopo. The narrator and his companion bought the biggest
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips baskets
b es
sips
teiptstrawberries
of s
b estfrom s
eiptsip the boys.
sbes
sips they came
teiptLater, sbesteiptsipsto knowsbethat
s
s
teiptsipthe boyssbe s
sips kinds tof
teiptmany
did sbes
ps
eiptsijob s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb ccb b
cc ccb ccb ccb ccb b
cc
to earn money. During the time of their stay in the town, the two young boys turned out to be very
helpful to the visitors. The boys earned money but they spent only a little. The boys earned the money
ss ss s
eiptsip sisterbwho sips hospitalised ss ss ss ptsips the war sips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip to cure
bcsbesttheir csbesteiptwas bcsbesteiptipfor tuberculosis.
bcsbesteiptip Theybcsbhad
esteiptaipdecentbcslife
besteibefore bcsesteiptand
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c
the war made them orphans but they had been trying their best to make the payments regularly to the
c c c
hospital.
ss ss ss tiptsips ss iptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
bcsbeseis no greater beste an untold eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cThere cbcsbsagony than
cbcsbearing cbcsbs story inside
cbcsbyou. cbcsbs cbcsbs
ss iptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss tiptsips ss
cbcsbs cbcsVocabulary
beste cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs bcsbes6e
cPage cbcsbs
a) Read
teiptsips t i ptsips the following
t i ptsips words t i ptsiptaken
s from the
t i ptsips story. teiGive
ptsips two synonyms
t i ptsips and onesantonym for
teiptsip teiptsips teiptsips
b s
b es b s
bes e each of these
bsbes e words.
b s
b Use
es e a dictionary,
b sbes e if required.
b s
bes b s
b es e b s
b es b s
b es bsbes
Word Synonyms Antonym
1
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptipcautious
bcsbesteiptip careful
bcsbesteiptip watchful
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
careless
c c c c c c c c c c
disapprove condemn criticize approve
brisk quick hurried s s slow s s
UNIT
ss ss iptsips iptsips iptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip e te e te e te eteiptip csbes
teiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs s
cbcb s engaging s
cbcb s s
cbcb s
attractive cbcsbs
appealing cbrepulsive cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
humble modest unassuming arrogant
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptipeager bcsbesteiptip keen eteiptip willing
eteiptip eteiptip
reluctant eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
resistance conflict opposition assistance
persuade encourages s influence s s dissuade
esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips eteiptip eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b scarce
ccb s
b cbcsbs
rare cbcsbs
occasional sb s
c plenty
bc b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s
13
nobility dignity decency dishonour
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
cb) Homophonesc bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
and Confusables
i) Given below is a list of common confusables. Distinguish the meaning of each pair of
ss ss ps
teiptsiframing ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip wordseby eteiptipown sentences.
your eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
a) emigrate – immigrate
ss
eteiptip
s s • My tfriend
eteiptip psips wants eto pemigrate
sips from psipIndia.
s psips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs bcsbesei t bcsbstei t bcsbestei t bcsbestei t cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• He wants to immigrate to Australia.
c c c c
b) beside – besides
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips • Isbwas
es
ps
teiptsisitting beside
sbes
s
teiptsipmy friend.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
• People choose jobs for other reasons besides money.
ss c)s s judicialtei–ptsijudicious
s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbes p bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c • c The ministercis facing a judicial
c enquiry.c c c c c
• Education should be the judicious mixture of skill and knowledge.
cbcsbs cbcsbs d) eligible
cbcsbs – illegible
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• He is eligible to enter the university.
ss s s • Histe handwriting
ss istiillegible
ptsips so wetiptsicannot
ps readtithe
ptsipsletter. esteiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip e iptip bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs e) conscience

cbcsbs c
– conscious
c c cbcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• As he did not receive any bribery his conscience is clear.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips • Hes
b es
sips
tiseiptconscious
s
b es
ps
eiptsithe
tof mistake
s
b es ptsips
teihe s
b e
committed.steiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
f) industrial – industrious
bcsbesteiptip bcsb sbesteiptipis an industrial
esteiptip • bcJapan bcsbesteiptip country.
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c • c Ant is knownc to be the most c industriousc of all insects.c c c c
g) eminent – imminent
ss iptsips ptsips ss sips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e te sbesteihumbleness esteiptip out in esteiptmost eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s • cbcHer cbcsbstands cbcsbthe cbcsbs way among
eminent cbcsbs her peers.
• A new trade agreement between India and China is imminent.
ss tsips illicits–estelicit
eiptsip
eteiptip eteiph) eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• He was caught by the police because he sold illicit liquor.
• The teacher elicited the answer from the student.
s
b esteiptsips s
bestei ptsips
sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc c c i) prescribed
b b
cc – proscribed
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
• Doctor prescribed medicine for the child.
1
ss ss tsipsorganisations ss s s by law. ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip • bcThe
sbesteiptwo bcsbesteiptip were bproscribed
csbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
j) affect – effect
• The severe cold affects the child. s s
UNIT
ss iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips ss ss ss ss

eteiptip e te e te e te iptip
besteeffect cofbcsthe
bestemedicine. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s s
• cbcThes s
cbcb because cofbcsthe
b child is cured s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
k) aural – oral
ss ss tsips received ss ps her aural
eiptsiassist ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip • bcThe
eteippatient eteiptipsomething
etto eteiptip functioning.
• Oral medicine is prescribed for the child.
l) born – borne
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc • c cShe has borne
b b
c c the adversity b b
c cwith dignity.c c b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
14
• She was born in Ireland.
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip b csb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12bcsb
ss
esteiptip
ii) Fillc in the blanks c with suitable
c homophones c or confusables.
c c c c
ss ss wallet sps valet hoard sps horde

eteiptip eteiptip eteipti teiptsips ss
eteiptip tipti t iptsips ss
esteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
fairy s es
cbcb ferry cbcsbs bcsbese
cdesert s
cbcb
es e
dessert
c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs
medal model night knight
ss ss ss sips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip waiteteiptip eteiptweight eteiptip eteiptip
sweet eteiptipsweat bcsbesteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs
yoke yolk plain plane
grown s s groan might s s mite
teiptsips teiptsips eteiptip teiptsips teiptsips tiptip teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
bes b
cc s
b es cbcsbs
earn b
ccsbes urn b
cc s
b es bcsbese
cquite b
cc s
bes quiet c c
b sbes b
cc s
bes b
cc s
bes
c) Give the meanings of the following phrasal verbs and frame sentences using them.
ss ptsips eiptsip
s teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
e
1. cut bcs
offbest – to
bcsberemove
s bcsbesteiptipby cutting
something bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipti7p
Page bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
The branch was cut off from the main tree.
ss tsip s comeseupon
tiptsips – meet tsips iptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteip2. bcbse
tipsomeone
bcsbese
by tchance
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c c
I came upon my English teacher in Chennai. c c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
ss 3. put out s s – stop something burnings

eteiptip teiptsips teiptip iptsips
tefirefighters s
eteiptip teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip

e e e csbes
cbcsbs cbcsb s cbc
sb s The
cbcsb s cbcbs out thecbfire.
put
s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
4. draw up – stop
esteiptdrew
teiptsips s s sips up outsidess ss teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
esteiptip A taxi
esteiptip the hotel.
s s
ses esteiptip esteiptip es es es es
b
cc b cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b
5. pass out – give something to each member of a group.
The examiner passed out the question papers to all the students.
ss tsips tsips tsips tsips ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip6. takebcsbesteip
off – bcsbesteipflying;
start bcs
removebesteipclothing bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
The flight took off at the right time.
ss ss iptsips As soon
tiptsipas
s I reached my
tiptsip s house Ititook
ptsips off myestcoat.
iptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip beste bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsb e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 7. turn
cbcsaway c
– refuse permissionc c c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The reporters who came to interview the Prime Minister were turned away.
ss ss ss teiptsips teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
cbcsbs cbcsbs 8. stand
cbcsbsby – c bhelp
csbes someonecbwho
csbes is in difficulty,
cbcsbs to be ready
My friends stood by me all the time.
A boatswas standingspby in case ofsemergency.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptips sbesteipti s s
besteiptips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
c c 9. bank b
c c on – depend b
c c on b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
The whole team is banking on him to win the match.
1
ss tsips Readsthe sps sps ptsips suffixes. ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipd) bc esteiptilist
b of words
bcsbesteiptiformedbcby
sbesteiadding bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
frequently satisfaction willingness comfortable resemblance nobility
s s Form two sderivatives from
s s each of sthe
s following s words by adding
s s prefixes s and
s suffixes.
UNIT
ss s s ss ss
Word Prefix Suffix
patient s impatient patiently s
ss ss s teiptsips ss tiptsip ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e eteiptip bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
honour cbcsb s cbcsbs
dishonour chonourable cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
respect disrespect respectable
e teiptsips e teiptsips manage

e teiptsips e
sips
teiptmismanage e teiptsips teiptsips
management teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s bcsb s bcsbes b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
cc s
bes b
ccsbes
fertile infertilec cfertility
15
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
different indifferent differently
friend befriend friendly s
ss ss ss ss ss tiptsip ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
obey cbcsbs disobeycbcsbs cobedience cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
ss
eteiptip
Listening
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
Now, you are going to listen to the cautionary instructions that are given to the general
teiptsips ete ippublic
tsips livingiptin
te sipsflood-prone
iptsipsareas. Listen
iptsips carefully
iptsiand
ps complete
iptsipsthe following
iptsips sentences.
iptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
bes csbes
cbcsbs a) Thecbannouncement beste
cbcswas sbeste
cbcthe
este
cbcsbof sbeste
cbcManagement.
ete
cbcsbs
ete
cbcsbs b
cc s
bes
made by Department Disaster
ss b) Widespreads heavy rains are expected from the early hours of Sunday.
esteiptip esti
e ptsips estei ptips esti
e ptsips esti
e ptsips estei ptsips ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsb
c locations of cthe closest flood bcsb bc
c shelters availablesb bcsb bcsb
c c c) Thec public is askedc to find out the c andcroutes to c
reach them.
ss ss tiptsips kit should ss teiptsips teiptsips psips iptsips iptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese eteiptip csbes bottles,cbbiscuit
csbes packets sbestei at whistle bestesignal for beste eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs d) An cemergency cbcsbs containcbwater cbcand cbcsto cbcshelp. cbcsbs
e) A list of emergency telephone numbers should be displayed on the wall.
ss ss sips s
teiptsipbe s
ptsipkeeping ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipf)tip Important
eteiptdocumentsecan eteiby
secured eteiptipin a waterproof
them eteiptip case. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
g) Damage to refrigerators can be avoided by leaving their door open.
s
besteiptsips s
b es tsip s Mobilesesphones
teiph) b teiptsips should
s
b esteibe s
ptsipcharged
sb
tote
es
sips the marooned
iptenable s
b esteiptsips s
b steiptsips theirsbefriends,
to econtact
steiptsips relatives
sbes
sips
teiptand s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
emergency services.
ss i) Sand bagss should be placed in the toilet bowls to prevent sewage inflow.
esteiptip esti
e ptsips esti
e ptips esti
e ptsips estei ptsips estei ptsips ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb bcsb
c to the periodicc bcsb c bcsb bcsb
c the instructions c bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsb
j) Listen news updates and follow implicitly.c c c
ss
eteiptip Speaking
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip tiptsips
bcsbes8e
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cPage cbcsbs
ss Drafting
sps a Speech sps ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip tipti
bcsbese eteipti eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cTask 1 cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Onsthe occasions of World Environment

teiptsips tei ptsip tei ptsip tei ptsips tei ptsipDay
s you havetei ptsipsbeen askedtei ptsipsto deliverteiptasipspeech
s during
tsips
teip150 teiptsips
b
cc s
b es b
cc s
bes morningb
ccsassembly
bes on
b
cc s
bthe
es importance
b
ccsbes of tree planting.
b
cc s
bes Write
b
cc s
b ethe
s speechb
cc s
bin
es about 100
b
cc s
b e–
s b
ccsbes
words.
1
ss ss ss s
eiptsip teachers sps my friends, ss ss s I am there
teiptsipand ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip tip Respected
bcsbesteiptipPrincipal,
bcsbestlearned bcsbesteiptiand bcsbesteiptip I ambcSunder
sbesteiptipfrom XII
bcsbesstd. bcsbeseiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c today toctalk about thec Importance ofc Tree Plantation. c c c c c
“Trees exhale for us so that we can inhale them to stay alive. Can we ever forget that? Let us love trees
UNIT
ss tsips everysbreathss s
eiptsip we perish”. sps sips ptsipspoems that sps teiptsips ss
eteiptip ti p
e ewith eteiptip we take
etuntil eteiptiKhalil eteiptsays,
Gibran eteiare
“Trees eteiptithe earth ewrites eteiptip
upon the sky”.
ss Tree plays a significant role for all of us as pwell as for animals, insects, p birds etc. We pknow the famous
eteiptip teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips tei tsips teiptsips tei tsips tei tsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs ses
cbc slogan “Save
b ses
cbc trees, Save
b s es
cbc life”. So wecbshould
b csbes cbcs
acknowledge
bes it and cbes es
bc a part of the
b s es bcsbeseare
cbc plantation. cTrees
b cbcsbs
important for life on Earth. Trees give us shade. Trees give beauty to any place. Trees bear beautiful and
colourful flowers. They are home to many animals, birds andspinsects. Whensptrees are cut,spthese creatures
esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteipti s esteipti s esteipti s e steiptsips esteiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b lose their
ccbhome.
s
b Trees are
b
cc s
b also food for
b
cc sman,
b and all
ccbherbivorous
s
b animals
b
cc s
b and birds.
b
cc s
b Insects also
b
cc depend
sb b
ccsb
16 on trees to complete their life cycle. They are of great ecological importance. Trees and forests help in
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c monsoon cyclesc bcsb
ss
esteiptip bc sb
ss
esteiptip
c patterns. They bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c also bind the bcsb
ss
esteiptip bc
c soil, and prevent
c sb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c of the
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
maintaining and rainfall the top layer
soil, which is the most fertile, from getting washed away in rains and floods. As trees are important for the
ss tsips and sthe tsips ptsipsmust protect ss ptsips sps sps to maketeipour
ss ss
eteiptip eteipearth eteipenvironment,esteiwe esteiptipthem. bTreeesteiplantation is an
esteiptiimportant eactivity
steipti es tip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs environment
cbcbsgreen, cleancbcsband healthy.
c bcsb c csb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs
Trees are the lungs of our land, purifying the air and giving fresh strength to the people.
ss ss tsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteipthe eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Thank you
cbcsbfor cbcsbs
opportunity. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Page 9
Task 2
teiptsips iptsips
ete este iptsips te iptsips
ete ete iptsips iptsips
sbeste 100 c–bc150
sbeste wordscusing t iptsips iptsips iptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
bes c bcsbs Preparecbacsbspeech csbes importance
oncb“The cbcsbs of a reading
cbcsbs habit” in
cbcabout bcsbese the b
cc s
bes
hints below together with your own ideas.
ss ss ss s
eiptsip teachers sps my friends, ss ss s I am there
teiptsipand ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip tip Respected
bcsbesteiptipPrincipal,
bcsbestlearned bcsbesteiptiand bcsbesteiptip I ambcSunder
sbesteiptipfrom XII
bcsbesstd. bcsbeseiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c today toctalk about thec Importance ofc Reading Habit. c c c c c
“Books open your mind; broaden your mind; and strengthen you as nothing else can.”
ss ss ss ptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip sbesteimost eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs is one of
Reading cbcthe cbcsbs and priceless
important cbcsbs activities.
cbcsb
Reading cbcsbkind
is the cbcsbsthat
of exercise cbcsbs
keeps your mind active and healthy. It is important to develop the habit of reading not only for knowledge
ss but also for personal growthps and development. It develops positive thinking and gives you a better
eteiptip teiptsips teiptsips tei tips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips ss
eteiptip

e e e e e e e bcsbesstart
cbcsbs sb s
cbc perspective s s
cbc of life. It develops
b cbc sb s s s
your imagination
cbc b s s
andcprovides
bc b you withs s
cbc fund of knowledge.
b cbc s
b s Oncecyou cbcsbs
reading, you experience a whole new world. Reading can help you grow better and better. Good books can
influence you positively and guide you towards the right direction in life. Reading develops language skills
b
cc b b
cc b and vocabulary.
b
cc b Reading
ccb books
b is also
cca
b way
b to relaxing
b
cc b and reducing
ccb bstress. Reading
ccb b increases creativity
b
cc b b
cc b
and enhances your understanding of life. If we want to adopt some good habits in life then reading should
ss definitely be onsthe top of ours list. It plays sa svital role in sthe optimistic sgrowth and development of sas
esteiptip estei ptsips estei ptips estei ptips estei ptip e stei ptips estei ptips e steiptsips esteiptip ss
esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsb person. cReading
bcsb leadscto
bcsbself-improvement.
cbcsb The pleasure cbcsb of reading cbcsbcannot be expressed
cbcsb in words.
cbcsb One c bcsb
needs to read to experience the joy of reading.
ss s s ‘Be a reader; s s becometeiaptsileader’.
s ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip es p esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs bcsb bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
There is more treasure in books than in all the pirate’s look on treasure island; says Walt Disney.
c c c bcsb cbcsbs
Thank you for the opportunity.
Reading
teiptsips iptsips
t ete iptsips
este iptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
b es bcsbesethe passage
cRead cbcsbs and make
cbcsbnotes. b
ccsbes b
cc s
bes b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
ccsbes
Smart City
1
ss tsips Initiation ss eiptsip
s ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip1. bcsbesteiptipby Indian
bcsbestGovernment bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
a) Economic growth
b) Urbanspsustainability
UNIT
ss iptsips s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e te eteipti eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s cbcsbs
2. Urban forestry cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) Management of trees
ss ss s
ptsipsponges ptsips pollution ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteip tip b) bcAct
eteias eteiabsorb
to eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
3. Benefits of urban forestry
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteip tsips a) Regulate
sbesteiptsips micro-climate
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc bc ccb bc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
b) c Arrests sedimentation and c
pollutants
17
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Grammar Page 10
ss tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cTenses cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
ss Tenses s Form Example Sentence

eteiptip e teiptsips iptip
beste
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips iptsips iptsips
beste week.cbcsbeste
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsSimple
Present cbcsbsS + V1 + cObcs+bsA cbcsb s s
b s
bc basket ball
Icplay cbcsevery cbcsbs
Present Cont. S + am/is/are + V+ing + O + A I am playing basketball now.
esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b Present
b
cc Perfect
s
b b
ccsb S + have/has
b
cc s
b + V3 + O b
cc s
b I have
b
cc s
b just played
b
cc s
bbasketball. b
cc s
b b
cc s
b
Present Perfect Cont. S + have/has been + V+ing+ O + A I have been playing basketball for 3
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip hours.
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c
Past Simple c S + V2 + cO + A c Icplayed basketball
c yesterday.c c
Past Cont. S + was/were + V+ing + O + A s I was playing basketball the whole
ss ss ss iptsips iptsips iptsip evening.iptsips iptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e te e te e te e te e te eteiptip eteiptip
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
Past Perfect S + had + V3 + O I had played basketball the whole
evening. s
ss ss ss ss ss ss teiptsip playing ss teiptsips ss
cbcsbs cbcsbs Past Perfect

cbcsbs Cont. cbcsbsS + had been
cbcsbs+ V+ing +cbOcsb+s A bcsbesbeen
Ichad csbes he
cbcsbsbasketballcbwhen cbcsbs
came.
Future Simple S +spwill +V+O+ A I will playspbasketball tomorrow.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteipti s s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteipti s sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc bc
Futurec Cont.
b b
c c S + will bec + b
c V+ing + Oc+c A b b
c be playingc basketball
Icwill c bc time
bycthis
b
cc
tomorrow.
ss eiptsip
s ss teiptsips tsips ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip The
bcsbestfollowing bcsbesteiptipare for
tasks bcsbestrengthening
s bcsbesteipyour bc besteiptip
understanding.
s bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Page 11
Task 1
ss teiptsips ss ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip bcsbesthe esteiptip and esteiptip bcsbesdialogue. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cTick correct
cbcsboptions cbcsbcomplete cthe cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
A: Hello, What do you watch / are you watching?
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip aboutbcsthe
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip I recorded
eteiptip esteiptip / I’m bstudying
eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs B: A programme
cbcsbs c bs Jalian WalaBagh
cbcsbs Massacre,
cbcsbwhich cbcsbs last night.
cbcsIbstudy c csbs cbcsbs
about it this term.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteipA:
tsip s All that
sbesteptsips / I’ve
I iknow
s
b e
known
steiptsips about
s
b estiteiptissipthat
s hundreds
se
b s
s people tdied
teiptsipof s
b es eiptsip
s/ had died
s
b esteiptinsipit.
s
s
b
cc b b
c c B: Yes,c itc was much,cmuch bc worse than b
c c anyone hasc expectedbc b b
c cexpected. cIt cwent on / has b
c cgone on b
cc
/ had
for hours. Do you want / Have you wanted to watch the programme with me?
1
ss tsip s No, thanks, ss s

tsipsome sps sps ss sps tsips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipA: bcsbesteiptipI’ve got
bcsbesteipdo
to bc besteiptipractice.
veena
s bcsbesteiptijust
I’ve bcsbesteiptip
remembered
c esteiptiremembered
/ bIsbjust bcsbesteipthat bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
we’ve got a concert tomorrow, and I don’t have / haven’t had time to practise my new piece this
week.
UNIT
ss ss teiptsips tiptsips sips ss iptsips iptsips tiptsips ss

eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese / I already
csbes alreadycdone esteiptmy eteiptip beste to watch besteSee youclater.
bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs B: OK.cbI’ve cbcsbdid cbcsbs so I’ve got
practice, cbcstime cbcsTV. cbcsbs
Task 2
ss ss ss s
teiptsipcorrect ss s
teiptsipverbs teiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip the bsentences
Complete eteiptip withethe eteiptip formbcof
tense ethe inebrackets. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) Tell (tell) me exactly what happened (happen) last night.
teiptsips tsip s Mrs. Mageshwari

teipb) teiptsips is my ptsips teacher.
teimaths sips has been
teiptShe teiptsipteaching
s t(teach)s
eiptsip mebsfor ptsipsyears. esteiptsips
teifour teiptsips
s es s es s es s es s es s es s es es es
b
cc b b
cc b ccb b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b cc b cbcsb b
ccsb
18 c) I had never (never) think of a career in medicine before I spoke to my Biology teacher but now I
seriously (seriously) it.
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12bcsb
ss
esteiptip
d) Ohcno! I have forgotten
c c to bring my cassignment! What
(forget) c am I goingcto do? This is cthe second c
time I have done (do) this!
ss tsip s I can’tseremember
teiptsips what ptsipsteacher e s
teiptsip(say) ss tsips s
eiptsip not listen tsips ss
eteiptip eteipe) eteimy said eteiptip aboutbcsour
yesterday eteiphomework. eI tdid eteip(not eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bs
listen) properly because Hussain was talking (talk) to me at the same time.
f) s Last year we swent (go) onsa school trip tos Kanyakumari.s We had (have)
ss sip sip sip sip sip sips a very tinteresting
sips time. s
s ss
eteiptip e tei pt tei p
bcsbemoment
t tei pt
bcsbethinking
teipt
bcsbes about what e tei pt tei pt
bcsbes next year
i
e pt
es I haven’t eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs g) At cthe s I cam s c(think) cbcsbscourse tocpursue cbcsbbut cbcsbsmake cbcsbs
(not make) a final decision yet.
s
besteiptsips s
b es tsip s I get s(get)
teiph) besteiptsipups at 7 every
sbes
ps
teiptsimorning but
s
b es tsipsmorning
teipthis s
bes tsips (sleep)
tIeipslept s
bes ptsipas long time
teifor s
b es
sips I did not
teiptand s
bes
sips
teiptget s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
c cget) up until c8.c
(not b b
cc ccb ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc
Task 3
ss tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss ss ss
esteiptip sethe blanks
bcsbein ee bcsbese formcof se verbscgiven
bcsbethe bcsbese in the cbrackets.
bcsbese esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb cFill cbcsbswith theccorrect c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
a) Every one was sleeping when the earthquake hit the small town. (sleep)
ss tsips ss s
teiptasipcouple teiptsipsago. (quit) ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptipquit her
eteipb) Evangelene ejob ofeyears eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
c) Where did you spend your last holidays? (you spend)
ss tsip s I thinkseSureshsps will leave s Tiruvallur sips morning.(leave)
tiptsips tiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipd) steipti tiptsipfor
bcsbese
tiptnext

cbcsbs cbcsbs e) I was cbcbangry c c
that I made such a mistake. (make)
c c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
teiptsips t i
f) s My mother was
ptsip ti ptsips tired yesterday
t i ptsips becauset i ptsips had not
she
t iptsislept
ps
well the night
t i ptsips before.
t i pt
(not
sips sleep) teiptsips teiptsips
es e e e e e e e e e e e e e e sbes 12 e
b
cc s
b cbcsbs g) Hercbparents
csbs will cbe bcsbins Coimbatore s two weeks
cbcsbfor s today.cb(be)
cbcsbfrom csbs cbcsbs cbcPage b
cc s
b s
h) Nothing much had happened when I got to the meeting. (happen)
ss ss tsips that ips maneswill
teipts2050, s
teiptsiphave ss teiptsips ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipi)tip Scientists
bcsbesteippredict bcsbesby bcsb bcsbesteiptipon Mars.
landed
bcsbe(land)
s bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
j) Sh! Someone is listening to our conversation! (listen)
ss
eteiptip
k)s s The plane
eteiptip iptwill
sips take offteipin
tsipas few minutes.
tiptsips(take) sbesteiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs l) They beste
cbcswere c bcsbes c bcsbese c bc c bcsbese c bcsbese cbcsbs cbcsbs
talking about me when I interrupted their conversation. (talk)
m) Justin and his parents are living in an apartment right now because they can’t find a cheap house.
eteiptip eteiptip (live)bcsbesteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
n) Rajini Prem’s family is in Chengalpet now. (be)
s esteiptsips ses tsip s Yusufsgoes

teipo) e s
s the movies
teiptsipto s es
s in a while.
teiptsiponce s esteiptsips(go) sbesteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b ccb b b
cc b cbc b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
p) This has been an easy quiz so far. (be)
q) Our team dids not win any sgames last year. (not win) s
1
ss ptsips ptsip ptsip ptsips teiptsip ss ss ss ss
e
r) We saw
bcsbestei
a wonderful
bcsbeste
film
i
in the bcsbe
cinemastei
last night.
bcsbe(see)
c c c c c c c c c c
s) Hurry up! The movie has already begun. (already, begin)
UNIT
eteiptip bcsbese Auxiliarieseteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cModal cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
ss Modal Auxiliary is a special auxiliary which is used p to denote a particular mood or expression
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e tei tsips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs s s
of thecsubject.
bc b cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs
There are 13 Modal Auxiliaries (four of which are quasi-modals / marginals).
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
19
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
will would dare need must
ss shall
ss should
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
can could should will ought to
ss may might
eteiptip e teiptsips e
sps
steipti psips
sbestei t
ss
eteiptip psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s
must c bcsb
used to c bc cbcsbs cbccan c
may
bc c
shall
bc cbcsbs cbcsbs
ought
teiptsips tei ptsips to dare teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b s
bes b s
b es b s
b es b sbes b s
b es b s
bes b s
bes b s
b es b s
bes b s
bes
cc cc need cc used to c c cc cc Shades
c cMeter cc cc cc
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss Page 13
ss ss
sbesteiptip The teiptip
sesfollowing table pip
sestei t will helpseyou
p
steipti understand p ip p ip
sestei t better. sestei t s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip
c bc cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b
Modal Auxiliaries
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptipability bcsbesteiptip eteipt:ip I canbcspeak
eteiptipEnglish.bcsbesteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs c sbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
request : Can you wait a moment, please?
can permission : Can I go to the library?
ss ss s
sipoffer psips sips ptsips my pen.esteiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip tei pt sestei t teip
ses : I can lend
t sestei you eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbses cbcb cbcb cbcb s cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
ability : (past) I could speak English.
could polite request s s : Could you wait a moment,splease?
esteiptsips esteiptsips ete iptsips ete iptip ee tiptsips ese tiptsips sbesetiptips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b cbcsbs possibility
cbcsbs cbcsbs : It may
cbcsbrain today. cbc b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
may permission : May I go to the cinema?
ss ss ss ss ss s
teiptsiptoday. ss ss ss ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptippossibility
b sbesteiptip b sbesteipt:ip It might
b sbesrain b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sesteiptip
b b sbesteiptip
c c c c mightc c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
(less possible than may)
force,
s necessity : I must go to the supermarket today.
ss sips
iptmust iptsiprecommendation ss ipt:sipsYou must ptsips iptsips by Bhagat. ss ss ss
eteiptip e te e te eteiptip e te e teiread the new e te
novel eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s s
cbcb s cbcsbs s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
shall suggestion : Shall I carry your bag?
ss ss ss ss ss ps carefully ps the highway. psips psips ss
eteiptipadvice bcsbesteiptip eteipt:ip You shouldtiptsidrive son
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese switch coff
bcsbesteipti sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs shouldcbcsbs obligation c cbcsbs : Youcshould c bc
the lights when you leave the c bc cbcsbs
classroom.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbes
s request,tidemand,
teiptsipwish, s
b es eptsip
s order tipt:sipsWill you please
s
b es e s
b esteiptsips shut sthe
e
b s ptsips
teidoor? s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
will c c b
c c assumption
prediction, b
cc : I think b
c c it will rain on b
c cFriday. b
cc b
cc b
cc
spontaneous decision : Can somebody take me to the hospital? I will.
1
ss sips ss ss ss sips the door, sips ss ss ss

bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptwould bcsbesteiptipwish, request
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipt:ip Would
bcs
you
besteiptshut bcsbesteiptplease? bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c habitscin the past c c
: Sometimes c bring me some
he would c flowers. c c
duty : You ought to submit your assignment on time.
UNIT
ss sips s
iptsipmoral ss ss s
tsiphelp ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptought to ete eteiptip
obligation eteipt:ip We ought
eteipto eteiptip
thesbneedy. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbc s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
necessity : We ought to hire some furniture for the party.
habits in the past : My grandfather used to walk for long hours when he
ss used
s s to teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip e eteiptip eteiptip was young.
necessity : I need to buy a packet of milk.
need to
moral
s obligations : sWe need to keep
teiptsips teiptsips s s sip sips our environment
sips clean. s
psip teiptsips teiptsips
es es eteiptip eteiptip e ti
e pt e tei pt e tei p
sbs dark. cbcsbestei t
t e e
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b cbcsbs boldness
cbcsbs cbcsbs : I dare bs go out in
cbcsnot cbcthe b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s
20 dare
challenge : How dare you enter my room?
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c Page 14
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Task 1
ss Fill
s sin the blanks with modal auxiliaries.
eteiptip eteiptip teiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs csbes
cbcsbs a) Thecbcandidates c bcsbese c bcsbese c bcsbese cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
must answer five out of ten questions.
b) How dare / s can you open smy bag?
ss teiptsips teiptsip iptsip teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e e beste work bycbMonday.
csbes eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
cbc c) Tajudeen s
b s
cbc will finish cbcsthis cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
d) Can / Shall I go to school today?
esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips e steiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b e) I wish
b
cc sbyou would
ccbs
tell
b me the b
cc s
truth.
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b
f) Poonam could not catch the bus yesterday.
ss tsip s Peoplesewho s
teiptsiplive tsips should ss ptsips stones. ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipg) bc b s in b
csbesteiphouses
glass bcsbesteipti/p mustbcnot
sbesteithrow bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
h) You need not go to the market as I have brought vegetables.
ss ss sips taken all sips trouble?teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipi)tip Must you
eteipthave eteiptthis e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
j) You must be joking.
ss
eteiptip
k)s s I tried totip
eteiptip bese
climb
tsips up the tiptsipsbut could
tree, tipnot.
tsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese

cbcsbs cbcsbs l) Hima cbcsDas c c
ran so fast that she would win the medal.
c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
m) You can lead a horse to water, but you cannot make s it drink.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
c c n) I would b
c c like to have b b
c c a cup of coffee.
cc b
cc cc b b
cc b
cc b
cc
o) My grandfather used to / would visit this temple when he was young.
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c
Task 2
c c c c c c c c
Complete the following sentences with modals using the clues given.
ss ss teiptsips eiptsip
s tiptsips tiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip csbes / ought besthelp bcsbese(moral cobligation)
cbcsbs cbcsbs a) Youcbmust cbcsto the c
needy. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
b) If I were you, I would not behave like that. (conditional Sentence)
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptiptell a lie. esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c) I will
cbcsbnever cbcsb(determination)
d) My uncle might / may have reached by now. (possibility)
s
b esteiptsips s
bes tsip s The patient
teipe) s
b esteiptsipiss critical.
sbeHe
s
ps be taken
teiptsimust sbes
s the hospital.
teiptsipto s
besteiptsips(compulsion)
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
f) I used to / would to play hockey when I was a student. (past habit)
1
ss tsip s You should ss sips my class. ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipg) bcsbesteiptip/ must
bcs
not
besteiptattend bcsbesteiptip (order)
c c c c c c c c c c
h) He might come today. (remote possibility)
ipi)tsip s You must iptsfollow

ips the etraffic
iptsipsrules. (regulation)
UNIT
eteiptip e te e te te eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s
j) He will play the match. (willingness) cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
k) You need not waste time on it. (necessity)
ss ss teiptsips ss teiptsips ss teiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip e tip
teip
csbesdoctor come esteiptip csbes / would esteiptip bcsbespatient. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs l) Hadcbthe cbcsbin time, hecb
might cbcsbhave savedcthe cbcsbs
(probability) cbcsbs cbcsbs
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
21
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
cReported Speech
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Page 15
ss Task 1s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
Read what these people say and rewrite as sentences. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Answer
ss iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip ete este t
bcsbese ete este esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 1. I am
cbcsbvery busy.c cbcsbs bcsb bcsb
Raja said that he was very busy.
c c c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs
2. I have completed my work. Satya said that she had completed her work.
s
besteiptsips s
b es tsip s I don’t
teip3. s
b estlike s
sbesteiptsips
eiptsip to gobout. s
b esteiptsips Johnson
s
bes
ps
teiptsisaid that he
s
bes ptsipsnot like to
teidid s
b esteigo s
ptsipout.
s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc cc b
cc b
cc ccb ccb b
cc b
cc
4. I have just come back from Chennai. Rehana said that she had just come back from Chennai.
ss 5.s s I am learning s s English. s
s s s Akshita s s that he twas
said s
s learning ss
English. ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbeseiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c
6. I bought a pen yesterday.
c c c c
Madhu said that he had bought a pen the previous day.
c c
7. We will go for shopping tomorrow. Joseph and Mary said that they would go for shopping
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip the eteiptiday.
next eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
8. We can’t attend the party. Afsar and Ayesha said that they could not attend the
ss party. s s
eteiptip teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips eteiptip iptsips iptsips
bestewas. cbcsbeste
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
e e e e
cbcsbs s
b s
cbc 9. How s
b s
cbcare you? cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsbs asked how
Satish cbcshe cbcsbs cbcsbs
10. I am fine. Thank you. Victor said that he was fine and he thanked him.
b
cc b cc 2
Task
b b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
Read the following dialogue and complete the report in the space provided.
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sesteiptip
b b sbesteiptip
c c c c a) Priya
c c : c Where arecyou going?
c c c c c c c c c c c c
Vijay : I am going to the Railway station.
ss ss ss s
teiptsipare ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteip tip Priya eteiptip : bcsbeWhy eteiptipthere? bcsbesteiptip
youbsgoing eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c s c cbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Vijay : I want to receive my uncle who is coming from Bangalore.
ss s s Priya askedtiptsipsVijay sbesteipt(a)
sipswhere heteiwas
ptsipsgoing? esteiptsips tiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese bcsbes bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c
Vijay replied c bc c c bcsb c
(b) that he was going to the railway station. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Priya further inquired (c) why he was going there?
esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips e steiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b Vijay
b
ccsstated
b that b
cc s
b (d) he wanted
b
ccsb to receive
b
cc shis
b uncle who
b
cc s
bwas coming
ccfrom
b s
b Bangalore.
b
cc sb b
ccsb
b) Teacher : Why are you late?

1
ss ss ss s
eiptsip thebbus. ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip tip Divya
bcsbesteiptip : bcsbeIstmissed csbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Teacher : You should have reached the bus stop on time.
UNIT
ss ss ss sips ss s her totipthe

tsiptake ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteip tip Divya eteiptip : bcsbeMy eteipistipill. So, b
teiptgrandmother I had
eteipto e etip doctor. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c s cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Teacher : I am sorry. What ails her?
ss Divya : She shas high fever.sps

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptips pi
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
cbc s
b s csb
cbcThe teachercbaskeds c bc c bc c bc c bc
Divya why she was late. Divya replied that (a) she had missed the bus. c bc cbcsbs
The teacher told her that (b) she should have reached the bus stop on time. Divya said that her
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips grandmother
s
b esteiptsipswas ill sso
bes iptsipshad to stake
she
te e
b s
sips to the doctor.
teipther s
b esteiptsipsThe teacher
s
b es
s sorry and
teiptsipfelt s
b es
ps
teiptsifurther asked
s
bes
sips
teipther sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc bc ailed her.c Divya
(c)cwhat bc b
c c that she (d)c had
explained bc high fever. b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc
22
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
cTask 3
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
sips
esteipt16
Page
12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Rewrite the following passage in indirect speech.

ss ss teiptsips ptsips ss ss psips tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbesout sbestei much eteiptip “It isbcgoing
eteiptip sbestei t sunnycday,”
bcsbesehe remarked eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Pradeepcgot of bed
cbcwith cbcsbs
excitement. c sbs to be cabclovely cbcsbsto his cbcsbs
sister Varshini.
ss tsips let me teiptsipsa bit longer, s
psipPradeep,” psips begged, sips since you ps feelingetso
psiare ps
psienthusiastic,” sips ss
eteiptip eteip“Just essleep sbestei t
Varshini
sbestei t
p“and
sbestei t sbestei t sbsei t
pshe
sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs suggested, cbcsb“Why c bc c bc
don’t you go and help mother in cooking?” c bc c bc c bc c bc cbcsbs
“Sure, I will”, said Pradeep. “Can I help you, mum?”, he said to his mother.
s
besteiptsips s
b estei ptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips se
b steiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
c c “Yes, ofccourse.bc b
There care b
c idlis and vadas
c c on the dining b
c c table. Have b b
c cyour breakfast.”
cc b
cc b
cc
“Thank you, mum; I’ll surely help you by eating them.”
ss tsips ss ps
eiptsibed ss ss sps ptsips sips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip bcsbesteiptip got bout
Pradeep csbestof with
bcsbesteiptipexcitement.
much bcsbesteiptipHe remarked
bcsbesteiptito his sister
bcsbesteiVarshini that
bcsbesitteiptwas bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
going to be a lovely sunny day. Varshini begged him to let her sleep a bit longer. She suggested why
he did not gos and help mother in cooking ssince he was feeling so enthusiastic. Pradeep s said that he
ss iptsips wouldsand iptsiasked iptsips whether ptsip ptsips iptsipshe couldsesand
iptsipadded ptsips ss
eteiptip e te e te p
the e te
mother e teihe would e
help teiher. She e
said te
that te e
that teithere eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s cbcb s
cbcb s cbcsbs
were idlis and vadas on the table and asked him to have his breakfast. He thanked his mother and said
that he would surely help her by eating them.

Writing Page 16
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc bc
cLetter ccb
Writing
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
a)
ss
esteiptip esti
e pRead
tsips the following
esti
e ptsips letter scarefully,
esti
e ptips es
discuss
tei ptsips with estei
your
ptsips partnerestei ptand
sips answer
esteiptthe
sips questions. sips
esteipt17
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsb bPage
csb bcsb
Sir, c c c c c c c c
I request you to publish the following letter in your daily to address an important issue which
ss tsips immediate ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipneeds eteiptipredressal.
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
During week ends motorcyclists are seen racing on the East Coast road and the Old Mahabalipuram
ss road of Chennai. The amateurps racers are risking their own lives and of theppublic as well.pThey are fearless
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e tei tips e teiptsips e teiptsips e tei tsips e tei tsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbc and irresponsible,
b cbcsb s not c s
knowing
bc b s the prices s
cbc of human lives.
b s s
cbc Risking others
b s s
cbc and their clives
b s s cbcsbs is
bc for their pleasure
b cbcsbs
highly condemnable.
s
b esteiptsips s
bes tsips
teip Even
sbes
ps
teiptsischool s
b steiptsipsindulgesbein
students
e s
sips activities
teiptsuch sbes
ps causeetfatal
teiptsiand s
b s
s
eiptsip accidents.
s
b es
sips racers have
teiptThe s
b
cc b b
c c started occupying
cc b
c c and streets
the lanes b b
c cof busy localities.
c c As such, the b b
c c violation ofctraffic
c rules often b
c c results b
cc
in loss of young lives. Such reckless riders who violate traffic rules should be punished severely.
1
ss tsips tsips teiptsips of thesbesociety,
teiptsips I request sips sps sips ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip bAs
csbestaeipresponsible
bcsbescitizen bc s bcsbesteiptthe bcsbesteipticoncerned
authorities bcsb teipttake
esto bcsbesteiptip
appropriate bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
measures to put an end to this menace.
ipYours
tsips truly,sesteiptsips
UNIT
eteiptip e te eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb Srivatsav. cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Questions:
ss ss s
eiptsip sender tsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip estthe esteipthe eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs a) Who is
cbcsb cbcsbof cbcsbs
letter? cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Srivatasav is the sender of the letter.
s
b esteiptsips s
b es tsips Whosisestthe
teipb) b
s
eiptsip receiver?
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b b
c c of a daily isc the
c receiver. c cb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Editor
23
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c is the issue?c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c) What
Motorcycle racing is the issue.
cbcsbs cbcsbs d) What
cbcsbiss the request
cbcsbsof the sender?
The request of the sender to the authorities concerned is to take appropriate measures to put an end
ss sips to the motorcycle
sips racing. s
s ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e tei pt estei pt eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs e) Who cbcsb cbcsbsafter reading
will take steps cbcsbs it? cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The traffic police will take steps after reading it.
s
besteiptsips b) s
b este tsips haveschosen
ipYou e
b steiptsips Computer
sbesteiptsipsScience
s
b estin s
eiptsipthe Higher
s
bes tsips
teipSecondarys
bes eiptsip
tCourse. s
Write
s
b esteiptsiapsletter sto
bes eiptsip
tyour s
s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
friend giving reasons for your choice. Read the clues given in brackets to complete the
letter.
ss tsips Sundar, ptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipDear bcsbestei(Greeting),
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Hope you are doing well. (enquire about his well being). I would like to say that I have chosen
ss
eteiptip etei tpComputer
sips Science
psipsin the Higher
ti t psipSecondary
etei t
s Course.
psips Firstly I want
etei t psips the coursepsto
estei t ti t ipshelp me forpmy
etei t
sipsfuture. (reason
estei t psips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs bcsbese of group).
cbcsbs for yourcchoice cbcsbIswish to become
cbcsbs a Software
cbcsbEngineer... bcsbeseyour ambition).
c(state cbcsbs We come
cbcsbto hear cbcsbs
a lot of instances of wrong ideas and anti-social elements spoiling the society. (discuss recent unhealthy
ss happenings
ss in social
s s media and s the
s society). sThese
s have tmade s s me select the
s s course so that
s s after knowing ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eseiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs the system

cbcsbwell bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
I will be able to find out something to stop such things. (demand or need of this profession).
c c bcsb cbcsbs
I have plans to pursue MS in US. (higher studies or specialization).
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips All
s
b ethe
s
s
teiptsipbest forbsyour
bes
sips
teiptCA preparation.
sbes
s
teiptsipConvey my
s
b es tsips tosall
teipregards e
b steiat s
ptsiphome.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc
Yours lovingly,
ss
esteiptip etei tp(your
sips name) psips
etei t
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
Task
ss a)s s You had been

s s to your sGrandma’s
s house
s s during sthe
s summer sholidays.
s You s senjoyedteiyour
ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip es ptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c b sb c b sb c b sb c b sb c b sb
stay in her company. Write a letter to your Grandma stating how much you miss her after
returning to your home.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss tsips Colony, ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip
24, eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteipArunai eteiptip eteiptip
Yercaud.
July 8, 2020.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips Dear sGrandma,
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
I hope you are doing well and your knee pain is ok now. I thank you for the wonderful
time I had with you during smy summer holidays. The place
sips itself is wonderful but your s affection and
1
ss ptsips concern ptsips my lifeesvery ptsippleasant.esOur s

ptsipwalk ptsips ptsiIpwill sips ss
e bcsbestei
made bcsb t i
e bcsb tei around
bcsbesti
e ptthe garden
bcsbis
esteimemorable bcsand
bestei cherish
bcsbesti
e psuch
t
bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
experience throughout my life. You made me plant 10 saplings and I watered them every day. The
s green fields saround thetipthouse s are still in my mind. It was a fine experience to watch the harvesting
UNIT
ss s s s sps iptsipsa lot. I sam tsips forsemy sips ptsipbes ss

eteiptip eet i pt i p process. t i pt i p
e eIt was a real i
e learning
e p for e e iNow
me.t i pt I missete you eteipwaiting teiptnext chance eteito eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
with you.
ss Yours slovingly,
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip eteiptip
s ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs bcsbese
c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs Ramesh.cbcsbs cbcsbs
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
24
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c are the Head bcsb
ss
esteiptip b
c of the Englishcsb
c department
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c in a renownedc bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12bcsb
ss
esteiptip
b) You institution. You are cinvited to c
preside over the inauguration of the English Literary club in your alma mater. Respond to
ss ss sps have received s s either sips s s sips inability ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip thebletter
esteiptiyou esteiptip esteiptaccepting esthe
teiptsipinvitation esteior
ptsipexpressing
esteiptyour esteiptipto eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs csb
attend the function.
c c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs
Date : July 8, 2020
eteiptip eteiptip From eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
Prof. Rajendran,
H O D English,
sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips sesteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips sesteiptsips sesteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b St.
b
cc b Mary’s College
ccb b of Arts andb
ccScience,
b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
Tirunelveli.
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip To bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c cPrincipal, c c c c c c c
Alpha Higher Secondary School,
Erode. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
Respected Sir,
ss s s teiptsiIpswas very te
happy
s s to receive spthe
s invitation psipfrom
s you to inaugurate
sip s Literary
s s Club tineiptsimy
s ss
eteiptip eteiptip school. e iptip steipti mater sbestei t22 years. esteiptsure esteiptipnostalgia es p I eteiptip

e bcsbealma
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbsIt is my pleasure
cbcsbs to visitcmy cbcafter cbcsIbam cbcsbhave
I will cbcsbwhen cbcsbs
visit the school. I am happy to accept the invitation and it is my pride to visit my alma mater.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips Thanksbeyou.
steiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Yours faithfully,
Rajendran.
ss tsips tsips sps sps ss ss teiptsips ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipc) Write
bcsbesateipletter tobcsbesteiptiHeadmaster
the bcsbesteiptiof yourbcsbesteiptip requesting
school bcsbesteiptip him bto
csbeshelp you bcsesteiptipa
obtain
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
duplicate mark sheet of class XII, which you lost while travelling.
ss s s From teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbes G, eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cKannan cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
21, Amirtha Colony,
ss ss teiptsips
Thiruchengode. psips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbes21, sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cJuly c
2020.
bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
To
e teiptsips e teiptsips iptsips
te ete iptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s bcsbesHeadmaster,
cThe cbcsbs b
ccsbes b
cc s
bes b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
ccsbes
Govt. Higher Secondary School,
s s Thiruchengode.
1
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UNIT
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25
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I bought a juicer from your shop on 13th July 2019. Now I have found out that it is very
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Receipt No. – J 92340
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March 8, 2020.
UNIT
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26
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ENGLISH
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f) Write a letter to the manager of Waves Furniture Company ordering furniture for a
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• Students’ writing table - 40

UNIT
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27
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ss s s other qualifications
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Sub : Application for the post of Personal Secretary - Reg.
Ref : Your ad/in the Hindu dated 10 June. th
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UNIT
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vendors blocking the pavements and occupying the parking zone.
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July 14, 2020.
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a place to sell their goods and earn their living. But it should not be at the risk of others’ life. In our
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b s
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fors a month or
b s
beso.
s If you have
b sbes any financial
b sbecrunch
s please
b sbelet
s me bsbes
know. It will be taken care of. We all pray for your speedy recovery.
1
ss s s Yours lovingly,ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
c c c
James. c c c c c c c
UNIT
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
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29
c c c c c c c c c c
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
POEM
s cbcsbs cbcsbs
The Castle cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
- Edwin Muir
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
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ss Warm s s up teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss s ss
esteiptip esteiptip e esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eiptsip
Pageest19 esteiptip
a) What thoughts come to your mind when you think about a castle? Add your ideas to the
ss ss ss tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip list.bcsbesteiptip bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
Moat, huge buildings, soldiers, weapons, strong gates, high walls. c c c cbcsbs
ss b) Have yousever s visited as fort or a castle?

eteiptip e teiptsips Yes, Isbehave
teiptipvisited e teiptsiforts
p ss
esteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s cbc s a
cbcsb s
few and
cbcsbcastles. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
c) Fill the following empty boxes.
esteiptsips esteiptsips es
s
teiptsipName esteiptsips esteiptsips Location
esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips
POEM - The Castle
b
cc s
b b
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b b
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b b
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Fort St. George Chennai
ss ss Ginjee s sFort ss Ginjee
ss ss ss ss ss ss
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c Golconda fort c c c
Hyderabad c c c c
Red Fort Delhi
Summary
Edwin Muir, in his poem ‘The Castle’ describes the confidence of the soldiers in the beginning and
the treacherous act of sipone
s warder
esteiptsips es ptsips
teiwhole esteiptis es ptwhich
sips led toteithe
teisoldier. es ptsipfall
s of the tcastle.
es eiptsip
s It is written
esteiptsips
in the form s
es
of a monologue.
teiptips esteiptsips esteiptsips
b
cc s
b The
b
cc s
b narration
ccbsb done by
b
cc s
b a b
ccsb b
cc s
b ccb s
b b
cc sb b
cc s
b b
ccsb
Throughout the summer season the enemy was trying to take over the castle. But the soldiers were
1
ss watching s ss teiptsips fromsbtheir ss s ss s sps ss

esteiptip the movements
esteiptip of bthe esenemy esteiptipdefensive ewall.
teiptsipThey watched
esteiptiptheir own estfarmers
eiptsip working esteiptiin
s
bcsbesteiptip b csb bcsb csb bc bcsb s bcsb bcsb b csb bcsbesteiptip
c c their field without
c any fear. cThey had enough c and more carms and other c amenities. Moreover
c their allies
c were c
coming to help them
UNIT
ss iptsips Theirsegates
teiptsipswere very ptsips and their ss s
eiptsip thick so tsips could senter ss eiptsip
s ss
eteiptip ete eteistrong eteiptipwalls wereetvery enoteipone eteiptipthe castle.
etOnly eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a bird could fly over the wall and reach the castle. The soldier was confident that no one could bribe them to
open the gates because he thought that the captain was brave and the soldiers were true to their profession.
ss s
eiptsip were cheatedpsips psips ptsipsgate foresthe
psips sps psips psips ss
eteiptip But
sestthey sestei t by a warder
sestei t who opened
sestei the steipti the caste.
s tei t enemy toseenter sestei t sestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcsbs
Though they had a maze of tunnels, the enemies walked through the tunnels with ease. They lost
the castle without any sipgroan. The famous sips castleteipwassips overthrown. sipNo
s one cantipnarrate
sips this tale sipwithout shame.
s
b esteiptsips They
s
b estei ptsips
could do e tei
nothing
s
b s pt s
as they
s
b e tei
were
s pt sold out
s
b esto
t the enemy.
s
b estei pt
Their only s
b e e
enemy
s t was gold
s
b esteipt
and
s
they e
had
sb s tsips
teipnot sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc ccb b
cc ccb b
cc ccb b
cc
30 weapon to fight against gold.
c c c c c c c c c c
s
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Glossary Page 20
ss ss ss sps ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteipatismall eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs turret wall
cbcs bs cbcsb– cbcsbs on top ofcbacsbcastle
tower cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
mowers – people who trim grass and level the lawns
ss tsips teiptsips ss ss tiptsips tiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipprovender
csbes
– food
eteiptip esteiptip bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs toweringcbbattlements cbcsb– s tall towers
cbcsb c c
with openings to shoot the enemies cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
tier – one above the other
s
besteiptsips s
b es tsips allies
teipfriendly s
b esteiptsips s–
bes tsips or supporting
teiphelpful s
b esteiptsips nations
s
besteipor s
tsiparmed forces
s
bes
s
teiptsipadvantageous
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc
foothold – position
ss quick
ss ss – alive ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
c c c c bait –
c c c c something
c intended tocentice someone
c c c to do something
c c c c c c c
wicked –
evil or morally wrong
ss tsips gatese –
teiptsips sps gate teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipwicket eteipatismall e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
wizened warder –
an aged or old guard
maze –
a winding, intricate confusing path
cbcsbs cbcsbs treacherous
cbcsbs – cbcsbs disloyal cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
groan –
lament, cry
esteiptsips esteipcitadel
tsips – esteiptsips esteipatsisafe
ps and strong
esteiptsipsfort sbesteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips
POEM - The Castle

b
cc s
b b s
b
c c overthrown b s
b
c c – b s
b
c c conquered, b s
b
c c defeated cbc b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b
maintain –
believe
ss tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
esteiptip bcsb eseBased con
bcsbese understanding
ee sbesepoem, canswer
bcsbese the cfollowing
bcsbese ee ee esteiptip
c bcsb c1. your cbcsbs of
cbcthe questions
cbcsbs in one
cbcsbors two c bcsb
sentences each.
ss a)s s Who is tthe s snarrator tin sthe
s poem?tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eseiptip eseiptip ese esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
One of the soldiers is the narrator in the poem. c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
b) How long had the soldiers been in the castle?
ss ss ss ps castle ethroughout
eiptsithe teiptsips eiptsip
s ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip Thebcsoldiers
eteiptip had been
etin theetsummer. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
c) Why were the soldiers in the castle fearless?
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips The soldiers
sbesteiptsipswere fearless
sbesteiptsipsbecausesbetheir
steiptsipgates
s and iwalls
s
besteptsips were sstrong.
besteiptsips Their scaptain
besteiptsipswas brave
s
b esteiptand
sips
sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc thec soldiers
bc werectrue
bc to their profession.
b
cc ccb b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc
d) Where were the enemies?
1
ss ss ss ss s
teiptsipaway s
teiptsipactual ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip Their
bcsbesteiptip were
enemies
bcsbesteiptip halfbcsabemile
standing s but
bcsbestheir bc besteiptipwas gold.
enemy
s bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
e) Why does the narrator say that the enemy was no threat at all?
The narrator was confident that no one scould trick them to enter the scastle. So the s narrator says that
UNIT
ss iptsips iptsips iptsips iptips iptsips iptips iptips ss ss
eteiptip e te e te e te e te e te e te e te eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s theres s
cbcbwas no threat s s
cbcbat all. s
cbcb s cbcbs s s
cbcb s s
f) Did the soldiers fight with the enemies face to face?
ss ss tsipsnot fight teiptsipsthe enemies sps to face.teiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip No, bthey
eteipdid ewith eteiptiface e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
g) Who had let the enemies in?
teiptsips tei ptsips A wizenedtei ptsiwarder

ps had letsthe
tei pt i ps enemies ti
e p
in.
tsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
bes bsbes
31
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
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b esteiptsips s
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b esteiptsips
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b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
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cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c did the enemies
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c castle? c
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
h) How enter the
The wizened warder after getting bribery opened the gate. The enemies entered through the tunnels.
ss ss iptsips ss iptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip beste the secreteteiptip beste eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs i) Why
cbcswere cbcsbs galleries
cbcsbare? cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
As the gate was opened to the enemies by the warder, the strong and secret galleries were bare and
ss open to the enemies. ps
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips etei tip
s ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip psips
sbestei t21
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcPage cbcsbs
j) What was the ‘shameful act’?
teiptsips tei ptsips The wizened

tei ptsipswarder’s tact
i
e ptsipofs openingteithe
ptsipgate
s to thetipenemies
e tsips was the sshameful act. s
tiptsip tiptsip teiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
bes e
cbcsbs k) Why
e
bs
cbcsdidn’t c
e
bcsbs c
e
bcsbs c
e
bcsbs c bcsbese c bcsbese b
cc s
bes b
cc s
bes
the narrator want to tell the tale to anybody?
The narrator did not want to tell the tale to anybody because it would spoil the name of all the soldiers.
c c l) Why
c did the narrator
c feel helpless?
c c c c c c
As the gate was opened to the enemies, the soldiers did not have time to stop them. So the narrator
ss ss ptsipswere helpless.
eteiptip eteiptip felt bthat
eteithey eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
m) Who was the real enemy?
ss s s The realteienemy
s s was gold. ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip e ptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
2. Read the poem again and complete the summary using the words given in box.
esteiptsips es tsips
teipStanza 1-3 esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips
POEM - The Castle
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
ccsb b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b
‘The Castle’ by Edwin Muir is a moving poem on the (1) capture of a well-guarded (2) castle. The
ss s s tsips weresetotally
teiptsipsstress-free sips relaxed.teiThey ss tsips teiptsipscastle’ssbphysicalss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipsoldiers
tip of the
bcsbesteipcastle b c b s bcsbesteiptand bcsbes ptip werebcs(3) besteipconfident b
ofetheir
csb s bc esteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c strength.c Through thecturrets they were c able to watch c the mowers c and no enemy c was foundc up to the c
distance of (4) half-a-mile and so they seemed no threat to the castle. They had (5) plenty of weapons to
ss tsips them s
eiptsip a large tiptsips of (6)sbration
tiptsipsin stocksbeto tsips care of s
tiptsipwell-being sips soldiers tinside
iptsips ss
eteiptip eteipprotect estand quantity
bcsbese bc ese bc se
tiptake the
bcsbese
tiptthe
of
bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs the castle. cbcsbThe c c c c
soldiers stood one above the other on the towering battlements (7) watching, to shoot
c c cbcsbs
enemies at sight. They believed that the castle was absolutely safe because their captain was (8) brave and
ss tsips sps sps tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip tei p
bsbes the soldiers steipti loyal. bsbesteipti
bsbewere bsbese bsbese bsbese bsbese bsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cbcsbs
half-a-mile castle ration plenty
s esteiptsips sesteiptsips s es ptsips

teiwatching s esteiptsips brave
s esteiptsips sesteiptsip s
capture
s esteiptsips ss
esteiptip
confident esteiptsips esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b cbcsb b
cc s
b b
ccsb
Stanza 4-6
1
ss ss sips s
eiptsipbut thebsbirds sps ptsipsenemy could ss sips ptsips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip tip bcsbesteiptby
Even a trickbcno
sbestone c esteipticould
b enter.
bcsbesteiThe bcsbesteiptipnot usebcasbe(9)
steiptbait
bc besteientry
for their
s bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
inside the castle. But there was a wicket gate guarded by a (10) wicked-guard. He (11) let in the enemies
inside the famous citadel that shad been known for its secret gallery and s intricate path. sThe strong castle
UNIT
ss iptsips iptsips iptips iptsips iptsips iptips iptips ss ss

cbcsbs s s
cbcb becamec(12) s s
bcb weak andcbthin s s
cb becausecof s
bcbthe greedycdisloyal
s s
bcb s warder.
cbcThe
s s
b (13) citadel s
cbcb was captured
s cbcsbsby the cbcsbs
enemies for (14) gold. The narrator (15) lamented over the (16) disloyalty of the useless warder and also
ss decided not to disclose this (17) shameful story to anyone.spHe was (18) sp helpless and wondered howsp he
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teipti s e teipti s e teiptsips e teipti s ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbc would keep
b s s s s
cbc this truth ctobchimself. He cregretted
b b bcsb s s
not cfinding
bc b s any (19) s s
cbcweapon to fight
b s s
cbc with the (20)
b s s
cbc enemy
b cbcsbs
called ‘gold’.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsipslamented
s
b esteiptsipswicked-guard
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
let s
b esteiptsips
weapon s
b es
s
teiptsipweak s
b esteiptsipshelpless
s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc
32 shameful bait gold citadel disloyalty enemy
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
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s s
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b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
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b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c3. Read the bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c poem andc answer thecfollowing inc a short paragraph c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c sentences
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c each.
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
of 8-10
ss a) How safeswas the castle? How wassitsconquered?

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptsips eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s cbcsbs
Poem cbcsbsThe Castle cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Poet Edwin Muir
ss ss ss ptsips s
eiptsip makes teiptsips thingssbesteiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiTheme etMoney emany eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
Our gates were strong, our walls were thick,
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbes
sipssmooth and
teiptSo s
b es
s
teiptsiphigh, nosbman
es
s
teiptsipcould iptsips
winsbeste s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
A foothold there,
ss s s teiptsiEdwin
s Muir, tinipthis
s spoem ‘The s s describes
Castle’, s sthe confidence s sof the soldiers s sin the beginning ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbes p bcsbese ip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c and
c the treacherous
c act of one cwarder which cled to the fall cof the castle. Itc is written in the c form of c
monologue. The whole narration is done by a soldier. They had enough quantity of ration and more
ss s s arms and sother
s amenities. s sMoreoverteiptheir
s s allies were s coming
s to thelp
s sthem. Their s gates
s weretipvery
ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip es tip esteiptip eseiptip esteiptip esetip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c b sb c b sb c b sb c b sb c bcsb c b sb
strong and their walls were very thick so no one could enter the castle. Only a bird could fly over the
c c c c c c bcsb cbcsbs
wall and reach the castle. The soldier was confident that no one could bribe them to open the gates
ss s s becauseteiphe s thought
s that psipthe
s captaintiwas
eptsip
sbrave and iptthe
sips soldiers twere
iptsipstrue tosetheir
iptsipprofession.
s But
ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip theybcswere e tip sbestaei twardercwho
bcsbesopened beste for thecenemy
bcsbese to enter bstecastle. The esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bs cheated cbcby cbcsgate
the cbcthe cbcsbsoldiers cbcsbs
did not have any time to fight with the enemies. The famous castle was overthrown. No one can
narrate this tale withoutps shame. Theypcould do nothing as they were sold out topthe enemy. Their
esteiptsips esteiptsip s
esteiptsips estei tips estei tsips esteiptsips esteiptsips estei tsips esteiptsips esteiptsips
POEM - The Castle

b
cc s
b b
cc sb onlyb s
c cenemy was gold
b b s
c c and they had
b b s
c c no weaponc to
b b s
c fight against
b b s
c cgold.
b ccb s
b b
cc sb b
cc s
b
Our only enemy was gold,

ss ss ss ss sipsarms to fight ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptipAnd webcshad
besteiptno bcsbesteiptipit with.bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
b) Bring out the contrasting picture of the castle as depicted in stanza 3 and 5.
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs Poem cbcsbsThe Castle
Poet Edwin Muir
eteiTheme
ss ss ss ptsips s teiptsips thingssbesteiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip etMoney
eiptsip makesemany eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
No clever trick
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips Could
sbesteiptsipsus deadsbeor
take
s tsips
teipquick, s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b b
c c a bird couldc have
Only c got in. c c b b
cc b
cc b
cc
Edwin Muir, in his poem ‘The Castle’ describes the confidence of the soldiers in the beginning
1
ss ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsips ss ss
e and bthe
csbestei
treacherous bcsbest
actei
of one bcsbe
warderstei
which led
bcsbes
to
ti
e the fall ofbc e
the
sb stei
castle. It is
bcsbestei
written in the
bcs esteiptipof
form
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
monologue. The whole narration is done by a soldier. In the III stanza the poet describes the strength
of the castle.s Their gates were
sips very strong s and theirtipwallss were very thick so no one scould enter the
UNIT
ss iptsips castle. iptsipa bird could iptsipand tsipcastle. tsips wasseconfident
teiptsip sips ss
eteiptip e te e te
Only e teiptfly over thee te
wall reache ethe e
The teipsoldier that esteiptone eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s cbcbs s cbcbs cbcsbno cbcsbs
could bribe them to open the gates because he thought that the captain was brave and the soldiers
were true to their profession. In the second part of the IV stanza the poet gives a totally different
ss sips ss ptsipspoet asks ss sps teiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip teipt picture.eteiptip sbestei the eteiptip esteiptithem esteiptip in the esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbsIn the first cbcpart cbcsbs who could cbcsbgive ab
c bait.
csbes The mood cbcsbchanges cbcsbsecond
e
part. But they were cheated by a warder who opened the gate for the enemy to enter the castle.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips The famous
s
b es
s
teiptsipcitadel sbesteiptsips
overthrown,
sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b b
c call its secret cgalleries
And c b
bare. c c b
cc b
cc b
cc
33
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c to the mightybcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip b
c fall of thec citadel. Explain.
c csb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c) Human greed led
Poem The Castle

ss ss ss iptsips eiptsip
s ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e te e t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs s s
cbcb Poet cbcb Edwin Muir
s s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Theme Money makes many things
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs We watched
cbcsbs the mowers
cbcsbs in the hay
And the enemy half a mile away
teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teipti spThey

s seemedspno
teiptis threat to us
spsat all.
teipti teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b s
bes b s
b es b s
b es b sbes b sbes b se
b s b s
bes b sbes b se
b s b s
bes
cc cc cc

c c c‘The Castle’ cdescribes
Edwin cMuir, in his poem
c cc
the confidence
c
c soldiers
of the
c
in thec beginning cc
and the treacherous act of one warder which led to the fall of the castle. It is written in the form of
ss ss ss tsips teiptsipsby a soldier. sps castle was ss s couldtienter
tsipone ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip monologue.
bcsbesteiptip The whole
bcsbesteipnarrationb
is edone
csb s bcsbesteiptiThe bcsbesteiptipstrongbcand
sbesteipno bcsbeseptip bcsbesteiptip
c c it. c They had enough c and morec arms and provisions c to takec care of the soldiers.
c c
The narrator was c
confident that no could attack them. But a wizard warder had become a prey to greed. So it was easy
ss ss psips to bribe sips with gold. sips castle had s complicated
psiapvery psips way toestreach
psips the castle. sips ss
eteiptip eteiptip for the enemies
sbestei t
phim
sbestei t
pThe
sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sb ei t
pBut
sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
everything became useless because of the greed of the warder. He opened the gate to the enemies c bc c bc cbcsbs
and they could use all the secret ways to reach the castle. This is an example to say that human greed
ss ss s fall of mighty
eteiptip eteiptip will blead
eteito
ptsipthe eteiptip citadel.
The cause was lost without a groan,
The famousspcitadel overthrown,
esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips And alles
its
i s
teiptsecret es
galleries
s
teiptsipbare. esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips
POEM - The Castle
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b ccbsb b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b
ss ss
Additional ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Answer the following in a short paragraph of 8-10 sentences each.
ss ss ss ss sps tsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip steipti capture
csbethe esteipthe eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 1. Narrate
cbcsbs the incident
cbcsbs that ledcbto cbcsbof cbcsbs
castle. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Poem The Castle
ss ss ss ptsips s
eiptsip Muirbsbesteiptsip
s ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiPoet etEdwin eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Theme Money makes many things
s esteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s es

sips
teiptAll through
s es
s
teiptsipsummer
that sat
e s ptsips we lay,esteiptsips
teiease esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b cbcsb b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
ccsb
And daily from the turret wall
We watched the mowers in the hay
1
c c c
Edwin cMuir, in his poem
c ‘The Castle’ cdescribes the confidence
c c soldiers in thec beginning
of the c
and the treacherous act of one warder which led to the fall of the castle. It is written in the form of
UNIT
ss ss ss sps summerteipseason
s s the enemy ss spstake overteipthe
ss sips ss
eteiptip eteiptip monologue.
eteiptip Throughout
eteiptithe e tip eteiptip was btrying
eteiptito e tip castle. But
eteiptthe eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
soldiers were watching the movements of the enemy from their defensive wall. They had enough and cbcsbs
more arms and other amenities. Their gates were very strong and their walls were very thick so no
ss s s one could ips the castle.
psenter psipsThe soldier sips confident
pwas sips no one could
pthat psipsbribe them psopen theetgates
psito psips ss
eteiptip etei tp i p
sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbsei t eteiptip
because he thought that the captain was brave and the soldiers were true to their profession. But c bc c bc cbcsbs
they were cheated by a warder who opened the gate for the enemy to enter the castle. They lost the
s
b esteiptsips sbes
s
steiptsips any groan.
teiptsip castlesbewithout sbesteiptsipsThe famous
sbes
ps waseoverthrown.
teiptsicastle sb steiptsips sb
Note
es tsips can narrate
ipone sbes
s tale without
teiptsipthis se
b steiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
c c They could
shame. b
c cdo nothing as b
c cthey were sold b b
c c out to the cenemy. c bc enemy was
Their conly b
c cgold and b
cc
34
they had not any weapon to fight against gold.
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
How can this shameful tale be told?
I will maintain until my death
4. Read the given lines and answer the questions that follow in a line or two.
a) “All through the summer at ease we lay,
ss ss tsips the turret sps ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e tip And bdaily
tei p eteipfrom eteiptiwall eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
We watched the mowers in the hay”
s i. Who does
teiptsips tei ptsip tei ptsips ‘we’ refer
tei ptsipsto? teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b s
bes b s
b es b s
b e
‘We’s refers to the
bsbesoldiers.
s b s
b es b s
bes b s
bes b s
b es b s
bes b s
bes
ii. How did the soldiers spend the summer days?
ss s s Theteisoldiers
s s spentteithe s ssummer days s
s watching s
thesmowers and s senemies.teiptsips
the ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip es ptip es ptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip e esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb
iii. What could they watch from the turret wall?
They could watch from the turret wall mowers in the hay and the enemies who were half a mile
away. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs Page 22 cbcsbs
b) “Our gates were strong, our walls were thick,
ss s s So smooth sand
s high, no man
s s could win”.s s ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip i. bcHow
eteiptip p
esteipticastle? eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs safe was
cbcsbthe cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The castle was very safe as its gates were strong and the walls were very thick. The walls were
so smooth and tall p that no one could climb them.ps
esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips estei tsips esteiptsips estei tips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips
POEM - The Castle

b
cc s
b b s
b
cc b s
b b s
b b s
b b sb b s
b b s
b b s
b b s
b
ii. c cWhat was the c c firm beliefc of c the soldiers? cc cc cc cc cc
The firm belief of the soldiers was that no one could win them.
ss tsip s “A foothold ss teiptsipstrick sbesteiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteipc) b sbesteiptipthere, no
b sbeclever
s sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sesteiptip
b sbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c cbc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
Could take us dead or quick,
Only a bird could have got in”.
eteiptip eteiptip i. bcWhat
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs was challenging?
The wall was challenging.
ss s s ii. Which psipaspect
s of thepsipscastle’seststrength
psips is conveyed
psips by ethe above
psips line? psips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t sbestei t sb ei t sbestei t sbstei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc c bc c bc c bc
The strength of the wall is conveyed in the above line. c bc c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs
d) “Oh then our maze of tunneled stone sps

esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips eteipti e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b Grew
b
cc thin
s
b and treacherous
b
cc s
b as cbcsbs
air. b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s
The castle was lost without a groan,
s The famous citadel overthrown”,
1
ss s s s s s ptsips ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip tip i. bcBring
sbesteiptipout thebcsbesteiptip in bthe
contrast csbesteifirst two bcsbesteiptip
lines. bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
The way to the castle was very strong. It was a maze of tunneled stone. But it became very weak
and thin because of the treachery of the warder. sps
UNIT
ss iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips psips psips psips ss
eteiptip e te e te e te e te pi
sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s c bcsb s c bcsb s c bcsb
ii. What is the rhyme scheme of the given stanza?
s c bc c bc c bc c bc cbcsbs
Ans: abaa
ss tsip s “We could sips s
eiptsip sold”. ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipe) eteiptdo etbeing
nothing, eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
i. Why couldn’t they do anything?
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips As sbe
they
steiptsipswere sold
s
b estout
eiptsip
for
s gold they
s
b esteiptsipcould
s not do
s
b esteiptanything.
sips
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc bc b
c cfeel helpless? b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ii. c Why did they
35
They felt helpless because they had to surrender without fighting.
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Additional
eteiptip bcsbesethe given esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cRead cbcsblines c b sb c b sb c bcsb c b s
and answer the questions that follow in a line or two.
c c c b c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. “What we thought had we to fear
ss s s With ourteiarms
ptsips and provender
tiptsips loadsbontiload”.
ptsips tiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbes bcsbese bc ese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c
i. Who said these words?
c c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
One of the soldiers said these words.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteip tsips ii. Why
s
b es
sips
teiptwere they
sbes
s
eiptsipafraid?
tnot s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
They were not afraid because they had enough arms to fight and food for many days.
ss tsip s “And friendly ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip2. bcsbesteiptip alliesbdrawing
csbesteiptip near bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c
On every leafy summer road”.
c c c c c c
ss i. Whatsiss the meaning of ‘drawing near’?

eteiptip e tiptsips
e e teiptip e tiptsips
e e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s cb‘coming
s
cb s closer’.
cbcb s s s
cbcb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
ii. What do these lines convey?
ss s s These slines
s conveytipthat
s s the friendly sarmies
s are tcoming
s s to helpteipthem.
ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e etip eteiptip e eiptip e tip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
3. “What could they offer us for bait?
teiptsips s s Our captain was

psip s brave and swe were true” s
s s s
psip s s s s teiptsips teiptsips
es eteiptip sbestei t attitude esteiptip eteiptip sbestei t convey? eteiptip eteiptip e e
cbcsbs cbcsbs do these cbcsbs cbcsbs s s
POEM - The Castle
b
cc s
b i. cbcWhat cbcsbof the soldiers cbclines b
cc s
b b
cc s
b
These lines convey the confidence of the soldiers.
ss ss ss teiptsips say sabout ss ss teiptsips ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip tip ii. bcWhat
s
b esteiptipdoes the
bcsbessoldier bc besteiptip the captain
bcsbesteiptipand the
bcsbesoldiers?
s bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c
c The captain was c very bravecand the soldiers c were very true c to the captain.c c c
ss 5. Explain the following withspreference to the context in about 20-30 words each.
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teipti s e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s
a) Our gates were strong, our walls were thick,
s
cbcb s s
Reference :
ss sips ss ss tiptsips sps sps ss ss ss
eteiptip tei pt eteiptip
bThis eteiptip bcsbese writtencby steipti Muir.cbcsbesteipti eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
c csbs line is taken
cbcsbsfrom ‘ThecCastle’ bcsbeEdwin
e
Context:
s
b esteiptsips s
be steiptsips The s
b esteipoet
ptsips wants to
sbesteiexpress
ptsips the esoldier’s
sb steiptsips viewsbon esteipthe
tsipsstrengthsbes
ofiptthe
te sips castle.sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc bc b
cc
Explanation : c
The soldiers of the castle were totally stress-free and relaxed. They were confident of their
1
ss s s castle’s tphysical
ss ss s
eiptsip very bstrong sps the walls sips thick. Enemiess s could tnever ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsb t
ese i pt ip
b csbeseiptip strength.
bcsbesteiptipThe gates
bcsbestwere csbesteiptiand bcsbesteiptwere bcsbesteiptip bcsbeseiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c open eitherc the gate or the
break c wall. c c c c c
b) Our captain was brave and we were true…
UNIT
eteiptip eteiptip Reference
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs : cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
This line is taken from ‘The Castle’ written by Edwin Muir.
eteip Context:
ss tsips psips psips psips psips psips psips psips ss
eteiptip sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
After expressing the physical strength of the castle, the poet wants to express the strength of thec bc cbcsbs
army.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteip tsips Explanation
sbesteiptsips : s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc bc
c The b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
36 soldiers of the castle were totally stress-free and relaxed. They believed that the castle was
absolutely safe because their captain was brave and the soldiers were loyal to him.
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcs
c seemed no cthreat to us at call.b
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c) They
Reference :
ss ss ss ss tiptsips sps sps ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bThis
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese writtencby steipti Muir.cbcsbesteipti eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs line is taken
cbcsbsfrom ‘ThecCastle’ bcsbeEdwin cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Context:
ss s s Theteipoet
s s says these swords
s to express s s that the tcastle
s s was veryteipsafe.
ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip e ptip eteiptip eteiptip e eiptip e tip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
Explanation :
The soldiers were watching from the turret wall. They could see the mowers in the hay and the
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips enemies
s
b es tsipsa milesaway.
teiphalf e
bs
s
teiptsipTheir castle
s
b es
sips
teipthad a strong
se
b s tsips and sthe
teipgates bes tsips weresethick
teipwalls b s
s
teiptsipand tall.sbes
So ips
teiptsthe s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
enemies seemed no threat to them.
ss d)s s How cantithiss sshamefulteitale

s sbe told? teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip eseptip es ptip e esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb

c bcsb
Reference :
c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb

cbcsbs cbcsbs Context:
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The poet says these words at the end to emphasis that it was a shameful story.
ss ss tiptsips : tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteip tip Explanation
bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs
c c c c c c
The soldiers were very confident that the enemies could not enter their castle because they had
c cbcsbs
very strong gates and thick and tall walls. But all their strength was lost due to the treacherous act of
esteiptsips esteiptsips a wizardes ptsips He received
teiwarder. esteiptsips briberyes
s
teiptsipopened
and the
es tsips for the
teipgates es eiptsip
tenemies. s This tale
esteiptsipofs shamesbecannot
steiptsips esteiptsips
POEM - The Castle

b
cc s
b b
cc s
b bcsb bcsb b
ccsb b
cc s
b b
cc sb b
cc s
b b
cc b
cc s
b
bectold to others.c
ss e)s s I will maintain s s until myteideath.

bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbes ptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c
Reference : c c c c c c c
cbcsbs cbcsbs Context:
The poet utters these words at the last part of the poem when he feels ashamed of being a soldier
ss ss psips : psips psips psips psips psips psips ss
eteiptip eteip tip Explanation
sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
The soldiers were very confident that the enemies could not enter their castle because they had c bc cbcsbs
very strong gates and thick and tall walls. But all their strength was lost due to the treacherous act of
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips a wizard
s
b es ptsips He received
teiwarder. s
b esteiptsips bribery
s
b eand
s
s
teiptsipopened thete
s
bes tsips for the
ipgates s
b es eiptsip
tenemies. s This tale
s
b esteiptsipofs shamesbecannot
steiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc bc to others.cHe
bectold bc has decided b b
c cnot to revealc this
c to anyonec tillb c his death.c c b b
cc b
cc
f) Our only enemy was golds s
1
ss ptsips ptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip esti
e e stei eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsb cbcsb
Reference : cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
UNIT
ss tsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteip Context: eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
The poet says this to explain that they lost the battle because of avarice for gold.
s s Explanation
ss
eteiptip eteiptip teiptsips : tiptsips ss
eteiptip psips
sbestei t could
ss
esteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbThe bcsbesevery confident
csbes soldiers cwere cbcsbs that the
cbcenemies cbcsbnot cbcsbscastle because
enter their cbcsbs they cbcsbs
had very strong gates and thick and tall walls. Moreover they had enough and more amenities and
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips provisions
s
b esteiptsifor
ps the soldiers.
s
b esteiptsipThey
s thought
s
b esteiptsipthe
s enemies
s
b esteiptcould
sips never win
sbesteiptsipover
s them.tBut
s
b es eiptsip
as wizard warder
s
b
cc b
cc b
after
c creceiving gold b
c cfrom the enemies b
c c opened cthe b b
c gate to thec enemies
c b
so the
c ccastle fell toc thebc hands b
cc
of the enemies. Their enemy was not human but gold. So they could not fight. 37
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Additional Exercise - ERC
ss tiptsips tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip bcsbese the cfollowing
bcsbese esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cExplain c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
with reference to the context in about 20-30 words each. c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. “Our towering battlements, tier on tier”
eteiptip eteip tip Reference
eteiptip: eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
Context:ps
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b estei tips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc c The
bc poet utters c c these wordsc when
b bc he wants
c cto express that
b c c the soldiers
b c cdid not lack anything
b b
cc to b
cc
defend their castle.
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip tip Explanation
bcsbesteiptip : bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c The soldiers cwere very confident
c c could evenccome near them.
that no one c They had enough
c and c
more arms with them. Food for the soldiers and others was plentiful. What was needed for battle was
ss ss tsips In short sips had enough ss tsips tsips ptsipssoldiers.esteiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip alsobcwith
eteipthem. eteiptthey eteiptip and more
eteipamenities and
eteipprovisions for
eteithe eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb cbcsbs
2. “There was a little private gate”
ss Reference :
eteiptip teiptsips teiptsips ss
eteiptip tiptsips sps sps
steipti Muir.cbcsbesteipti
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbes s
b e
cbThis
s
c line is taken bcsbese writtencby
cbcsbsfrom ‘ThecCastle’ bcsbeEdwin cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Context:
esteiptsips esteiptsips The es ptsips says why
teipoet es tsipshow they
teipand es tsipsthe battle.
teiplost esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips
POEM - The Castle
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc sb ccb s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b
Explanation :
ss
esteiptip esti
e ptsips The esti
e
soldiers
ptsips wereestvery
i
e ptsipsconfident este
that
i ptsipsno one could
estei ptsipeven
s cometipnear
es etsips them. They
esteiptsiphad
s enough
e stei ptand
sips ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb more
c bcsarms
b with them.
c bcsb Food for the
c bcsbsoldiers and
c bothers
csb was plentiful.
c bcsb They had
c bcsbstrong gates
c band
csb high c bcsb
polished wall. No one could enter the castle. But they had a private gate which was opened to the
enemies by as warder who got gold from them.
ss iptsips iptsip iptsips psips psips psips psips psips ss
eteiptip e te e te e te sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb 3. “And sb
cbcwe s c bcsb s c b
had no arms to fight it with”.c c bc c bc c bc c bc cbcsbs
Reference :
ss ss tsipsis taken teiptsips‘The Castle’ sips teiptsipsMuir. sbesteiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bThis
eteipline efrom eteiptwritten by eEdwin eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Context:
The poet expresses the painful factsp that the soldiers could not dospanything to defend the castle.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteipti s s
besteiptsips s
b esteipti s s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc
Explanation : ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
The soldiers were very confident that no one could even come near them. They had enough and
1
ss ss ss s
eiptsip for the teiptsips and others ss sps had strong ss tsips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip morebcs
arms
besteiptipwith them.
bcsbestFood bcsbesoldiers
s bcsbesteiptipwas plentiful.
bcsbesteiptiThey bcsbesteiptip gatesbcand
sbesteiphigh bcsbesteiptip
c c c
polished wall. Nocone could enter c the castle. cBut they had ac private gate cwhich was opened c to the c
enemies by a warder who got gold from them. Then the soldier realised that their enemy was gold
UNIT
ss s s and theyteiphad
s s no arms tto sfight
s with that. ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip e tip e eiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
6. Read the poem and complete the table with suitable rhyming words.
ss lay hay bait gate

eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs wall cbcsb s all cbcsbs s s
cbc true
b s
b s
cbc throughcbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
fear tier stone groan
load road air bare
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
thick c c b
quick c c b
c c told b
c c sold b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
38 win in death with
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c7. Underline bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c the alliterated
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12bcsb
ss
esteiptip
wordscin the following
c lines. c c c c
a) With our arms and provender, load on load.
eteiptip e etip
t i p esteiptip wicket esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs b) A little
cbcsbwicked cbcsbgate. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
c) The wizened warder let them through.
ss tiptsips ptsips of speech ss tsips following ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip sbestei figure eteiptip used esteipthe eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c8.
bcsb eseIdentifycbcthe cbcsbs cbcsbin cbcsbs lines.cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) A little wicked wicket gate. - Alliteration
s
besteiptsips s
b es tsip s Oh then
teipb) s
b es
our
te s
iptsipmaze sbesteiptsips stone
of tunneled
s
b es iptsips- Imagery
te
se
b steiptsips se
b steiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
c c c) Grew b b
c cthin and treacherous
cc ccb bc bc b
cc b
cc b
cc
as air. - cPersonificationc
d) How can this shameful tale be told? - Rhetorical Question
ss tsip s Our only ptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipe) bcsbesteienemy was
bcsbesteiptip
gold, bcsbesteiptip - Personification
c c c c c c c c c c
9. Can you call ‘The Castle’ an allegorical poem? Discuss.
ss ss teiptsips ss ss ss sips teiptsipsfor ansb ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip narrative
csbesallegory iscbacsbcomplete eteiptip eteiptip esteiptevents bcsbesstand esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbAn cbcsbs that involves
cbcsbs characters
cbcsband cthat cbcabstract cbcsbs
idea or event. In other words, a story, poem, or picture can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning,
typically a moral or
ss sips sips politicalteione.
sips As per the sidefinition
s of allegory
sips the poem sips‘The Castle’ sipcan
s be called sipans ss
eteiptip tei pt tei pt pt teipt p tei pt ti
e pt tei pt teipt eteiptip
cbcsbs allegorical cbcspoem. It is abnarrative poem
cbcswith
bes many characters. The narrator,
cbcsbs othercsoldiers,
bcsbes mowers, cbcsbenemy
e bes e e e es
cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
and wizard warder are the characters depicted in this poem. It clearly says that if one in a big team is willing
to cheat others the whole team will fall. The moral of the poem is human greed will lead to the fall of a
teiptsips t i ptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips teiptsips
es bsbs mighty army.
e e bsbese bsbese bsbese bsbese bsbese bsbese bsbese es
POEM - The Castle

b
cc s
b cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc b
cc s
b
ss
Listening
esteiptip eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
The Soldier
ss ss ss sIfs I should tdie,

s sthink onlyteithis
psipsof me: esteiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eseiptip sbes t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs That there’s
cbcsbsome c bc bcsb
corner of a foreigncfield cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
That is forever England. There shall be
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptipa richer esteiptipconcealed;
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs In that rich
cbcsbearth cbcsbdust cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware,
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips Gave,
s
b es
ps her eflowers
teiptsionce, sb steiptsips to love,
s
besther s
eiptsipways tosb steiptsips
roam;
e s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
A body of England’s, breathing English air,
Washeds s by theteirivers,
s s blest byteipsuns
s s of home.teiptsips
1
ss ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip es ptip es tip e esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb bcsb bcsb
c this heart, call evil shed away,
And think, cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
A pulse in the eternal mind, no less
UNIT
ss ss ss tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip bcsbesesomewhere esteiptipthe thoughts
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cGives cbcsbback cbcsbs by England
cbcsbsgiven; cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Her sights and sounds; dreams happy as her day;
ss ss ss teiptsip s ss ptsipsgentleness, ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eAnd laughter, learnt
eteiptipof friends;
eteiand eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
In hearts at peace, under an English heaven.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e-te
s ptsips Brooke
iRupert s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
39
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
SUPPLEMENTARY
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss psips psips ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip etei t etei t eteiptip
God Sees the Truth, But Waits
- Leo Tolstoy
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Pageest24 esteiptip
If you are punished for a prank your classmate played, how would you react to the situation?
Supplementary - God Sees the Truth but Waits
ss ss s
teiptsipangry teiptsips s situation.
teiptsipthe psips ptsips to the ptsips ips
tiptsnot ss
eteiptip eteiptIipwill surelyefeel andetry to escapesefrom sbestei t I will ctry totiexplain
bcsbese
tiauthorities
bcsbese
I am
bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs responsible cbcsbsfor the prank.cbcsbsI can explaincbcbswhat I was cbcdoing c c
at the time of happening. But I will not betray cbcsbs
my classmate.
ss ss tiptsips tiptsips ss ss ss tiptsips iptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbesewould cseek
bcsbesevengeance eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip bcsbeseput their beste in eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs While cmany cbcsbsor feel sorry
cbcsbsfor themselves,
cbcsbs somecmay cbcstrust cbcsbs
God, forgive others for the wrongs done to them and move on in life. What is your take on
this?
teiptsips tei ptsips Discuss. teiptsiapsbelieversbesinteiptGod.
sips ps
teiptsinothing tsips to sme
teiphappen sips
teiptwithout sips
teiptwill. teiptsips teiptsips
b s
bes b s
b es BasicallybIsbe
am
s b I bsbe
believe
s b s
b e
will
s b e
b s b s
b e
God’ss If b s
b e
something
s b s
b es
happens to me due to the wrongs done to me by others, God will be my protector. I will put my trust in
God s and pray to him s to save mesfrom the situation. God maystest me but ats the end, he will s reward me.s
ss s s s ss s s s s ss
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Summary
cbcsbs cb csbs bcsb bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
In Russia during the nineteenth century, a young, attractive businessman named Ivan Dmitrich
c c c bcsb cbcsbs
Aksionov lived with his wife and children. Although he had been a bit wild in his youth, he had now settled down
and lived
ss
eteiptip teiptsipsa responsible,
eteiptip
s sproductive life.
s s One dayteihe
esteiptip es ptip
s decided
s to make
teiptsips a trip sto aiptfair
beste
sips where heteipcould
e tip
s s sell some iptsof
bestethe
ips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs csbesmerchandise.
cbhis cbcsbsAlthough his cbcsbwife had had cbcasbbad dreamcb csbes this trip,
about cbcAksionov cbcsbsto proceed.
decided cbcsOn cbcsbs
way, he stopped at an inn, where he met another merchant, a person he knew. They decided to stay at the inn
in the rooms next toipone another. iThe next morning, he proceeded on his way.ipAfter travelingiptwenty-five miles,
s
b e s tetsips s
b esteptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbestetsips sbestetsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc c however,
b c he c
was
bc stopped byc ac local policecofficer,
b b c who questioned
ccb him cclosely
bc about thec c time he hadc spent
b bc at b
cc
the inn. It turned out that the other merchant had been found with his throat slit open, and Aksionov seemed
1
ss a likely suspect
s since he knew the pman and sinceptheir s rooms had been
s adjacent. s sAksionov tvehemently denied
s esteiptip s eiptsip
estinvolvement s tsips
einsteipthe s tei tsips
eHowever,
s s ei tsipbags were
esthis s eiptsip
estchecked, s esteiptipknife was s eiptsip
esfound.
s
s
ss
esteiptip s
ss
esteiptip
c bc b c any
bc b c bc b murder.
c bc b when
c bc b c bc b cabcbloody
b c bc b c bc b c bc b
Although Aksionov protested his innocence, he was arrested and charged with the murder. Even his
UNIT
ss wife s s
teiwondered if heps ips haveestbeen
might psipsinvolved, psips the circumstantial
since psips evidence psips was so estriking.
psips After ebeing
psips ss
eteiptip csbes
pti p
sbestei t sb ei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbstei t sbstei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbseverely c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
flogged, he was sent to work in the mines in Siberia. During his twenty-six years of imprisonment c bc c bc cbcsbs
there, his hair turned white, his happy-go-lucky personality disappeared, and his body began to weaken; he
ss never sips
teiptshowed anyte ptsips of happiness
isigns teiptsipsand he frequently
teiptsips prayed sipsGod.
teiptto teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips ss
eteiptip e e e e e e e e eteiptip
While imprisoned, he became a boot-maker, thus earning enough money to buy a book called The
Lives of the Saints. He read this book whenever possible. On Sundays he took a prominent role in the religious
s
b esteiptsips s
b steiptsipsand hesbesang
services,
e steiptsipins the choir
s
b esteipof s
tsipthe prison
sbestchurch.s
eiptsip The s
b steiptsips and sguards
wardens
e besteiptsipsappreciated
s
b es
ps humility,
teiptsihis sbes ptsips
teiand sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc
40 the other prisoners regarded him with respect, calling him “Grandfather” and “The Saint.”
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
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b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
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cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip b
c csb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c day, Aksionov bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip b
c eventually crealized that onecsb
c of the
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
When a new shipment of prisoners arrived one
men, Makar, was from his own home town. In response to Aksionov’s questions, Makar informed the old man
ss thatte ptsips ss ss ss s somehow, ss s to wonder ss ss
eteiptip esiAksionov’s family
esteiptipwas prosperous.
esteiptip Makar seemed
esteiptip to know estAksionov
eiptsip esteiptip leading esthe latter
teiptsip esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbifcsbMakar bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsb
knew anything about the murder of the merchant. Makar’s reply led Aksionov to begin to suspect that
it was Makar who had in fact committed the crime. Makar ignored the accusation. Aksionov had caught Makar
ss trying teiptsito
psdig a tunnel spto
s escape tthe psipprison.
s Aksionov s s could easily iptsipshave reported
teiptsipsthis deed to
psipthe
s authorities, ss ss
eteiptip csbeshe chosecbto steipti quiet,cbceven
csbekeep sbesei tafter Makar eteiptip beste When cthe bcsbestunnel sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbbut cbcsbsthreatened cbcshim. wascbceventually cbcsbs
discovered, cbcsbs
no one would identify Makar as the culprit who had been doing the digging. Even Aksionov, who was closely
questioned
s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips by the sbesteiGovernor
ptsips of the
sbesteiptsipprison
s because
s
b esteiptsipsthe Governor
s
be steiptsipsknew that
sbes teiphis
tsipstestimony
sbes teipwould
tsips be honest,
se
b steiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc c denied
b c knowing
c c who had been
b c c digging. He
b c cdid not wantc cto see Makarc harshly
b b bc punished
c c and evencbegan
b b c to b
cc
wonder if he had wrongly suspected Makar of murdering the merchant.
ss iptsips Latersesthat
teiptsipsnight, Makar ss teiptsips ptsipsbeggedesthe s man for
teiptsipold s
sforgiveness. tsips ss
bcsbesteiptip b
este
csb bc b bcsbesteiptipcame bto
csbesAksionov’s b
bed
csbesteiand bcsb bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipHe bcsbesteiptip
c c confessed thatc he had indeed c killed the merchant
c and hadc hidden the bloodyc c
knife in Aksionov’s c
belongings. He c
offered to confess to this crime so that Aksionov could be released from prison and go back to his home and

ss s
teiptsipMakar
family. continuedss tiptsips forsbforgiveness,
ss psips since Aksionovpsips had not sips sips ss
eteiptip csbes about Makar eteiptip to beg Aksionov
bcsbese Both men esteiptip especially
sbestei t sbestei t
prevealed
sbestei t
what phe
sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbknew cbcsbs and the ctunnel. cbc were c bc c bc c bc
soon weeping, and Aksionov said “God will forgive you! . . c bc cbcsbs
. Maybe I am a hundred times worse than you.” Having said this, he suddenly felt unburdened and no longer
ss cared sips leaving
teiptabout sips He only
iptprison. ps
psidesired death. s
psipMakar psips
did eventually confess psiptos havingeskilled
psipsthe merchant, psips ss
eteiptip csbesby the time beste sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sb tei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbbut cbcsAksionov’s c bc c bc c
pardon arrived, he was already deceased. bc c bc c bc c bc cbcsbs
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
Glossary s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
Page
c c 30 b
cc
go on a spree – indulging in something actively in an unrestrained way
ss tsips sesteiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
sbesteiptip sbesti
e pporch
s esteiptip
– portico s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip sesteiptip s esteiptip
c bc c bc cbcb c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b
samovar – a Russian metal urn for making tea
troika (in olden Russia) – a cart pulled by a steam of three s horses
ss iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsip iptsip ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e te stammer e te e
–
te to speak e te
haltingly, fumble e t
fore words. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s cbcbs s cbcbs s cbcbs s cbcbs s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
betray – fail, let one down
ss despair – hopelessness
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbc downcast
b cbc s
b s cbc – s depressed
sb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
flog – to beat with a whip or stick
mirth – cheerfulness
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
be steiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc c c sledge c c
b b c c – a vehiclec pulled
b bc by horses
c c for transportation
b b
cc on snowb
cc b
cc b
cc
wretched – dejected
1
ss
esteiptip ete ipvengeance
tsips ipts
ete ips – ip revenge
etetsips iptsips
ete iptsips
ete iptsips
ete iptsips
ete
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb
1. Answer the following questions in a sentence or two each, based on your understanding
Page 31
ofspthe
s story. sps
UNIT
ss sps sps sps sps sps sps ss
eteiptip eteipti ipti
beste tipti
bcsbese
tipti
bcsbese
tipti
bcsbese
tipti
bcsbese eteipti eteipti eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs a) Why
cbcsdid c c c
Aksionov’s wife stop him from going to the fair?
Aksionov’s wife saw a bad dream. She saw her husband’s hair went grey. So she stopped him from
ss ss ptsipsfair. ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip going eteithe
to eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
b) What is the importance of Aksionov’s wife’s dream?
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips In thesbedream
steiptsips Aksionoy’s
s
b esteiptwife
sips saw herteiphusband’s
s
b es tsips hair
s
b esteiptwent
sips grey and
s
b esteiptsitipso
s happened
s
b esteiptsiptos him insbeprison.
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc ccb ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc
c) What made Aksionov leave the inn before dawn? 41
It was Aksionoy’s habit to get up early. So he got up early and wanted to travel while it was cool.
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c were the ccircumstances
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c that led tocAksionov’s imprisonment?
c
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
d) What
Akisonoy stayed in the next room. He left the inn early. He gave doubtful answers to the questions
ss ss teiptsips Thesbblood-stained
ss ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip of the eofficers. eteiptip knife
eteiptipwas in bhisebaggage. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbc s cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
e) Why did Aksionov give up sending petitions?
Aksionov did not get any reply for his peritions. He thought he could get mercy only from God. So he
ss ss ptsips petitions. ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip gavebcsup
eteisending eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
f) Why didn’t Makar disclose that he had killed the merchant?
Makar didpnot disclose that he had killed the merchantps because he did not want to get the punishment
sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s estei tsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips sestei tips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips sesteiptsips sesteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b for
ccmurder.
b b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b ccb b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
g) Did Makar feel guilty when he heard Aksionov’s story?
ss ss ps not feeletguilty
teiptsidid s
eiptsip when ptsips Aksionov’s ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip At first
bcsbeshe bcsb s bcs
he
besteiheard bcsbesteiptipstory. bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
h) What made Aksionov think that Makar was the real murderer?
Makar seemed s to knowtiAksionov somehow, leading the latter to wondersif Makar knewsanything about
ss iptsips the murder iptsipof ptsips Makar’s tsips led Aksionov

iptsips to begin ptsipsuspect that s tsips ss
eteiptip e te e te the merchant.
e e e teipreply e te eteito eteiptitipwas Makar
eteipwho eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
had in fact committed the crime.
ss i) What was Aksionov’sprealization by the end of pthe story? ps

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e tei tsips e teiptsips e tei tsips tei tips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s sb
Aksionoy
cbc s s
b
realisedcbby s s
b s
c the end ofcbcthe story that sb s csbes
cbche had beencbsuffering cbcsbs he was worse
because cbcsbs than cbcsbs
Makar who had killed the merchant.
s
besteiptsips s
b es tsip s Why sdid
teipj) e
b s
sips
teiptAksionov’ss
b estwife s
eiptsip suspect sbes ptsipsof involvement
teihim s
b esteiptsips in the
s
b es tsips
teipmurder? s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc
Circumstantial
b
cc
evidences
bc
c character
and his
b b
c c past were against
in the cc b b
c c So she suspected
Aksionov. c c that b
cc
her husband must have got involved in the murder.
ss teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips ss ss ss
s esteiptip s es s es s es s es s es s es s esteiptip sesteiptip s esteiptip
c bc b c2. Answerc the following
bc b bc b c questionsc in three or cfour sentences
bc b bc b bc b c each.
bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b
a) Did the police officer have sufficient evidence to convict Aksionov?
ss ss psips iptsips evidence tiptsipsto convict ptsips tiptsips stayedsbeinsteipthe
tsipsnext room. ps
tiptsiHe ss
eteiptip eteiptip Thebcpolice
sbestei t officerchad tsufficient
bcsbese bcsbese
tiAksionov.
bcsbese
Akisonov
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c c c c bc
left the inn early. He gave doubtful answers to the questions of the officers. The blood-stained knife c cbcsbs
was in his baggage.
ss ss ss ss ss ss psips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip didbcthe
eteiptip esteiptip of Saint”
eteiptip sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs b) What
cbcsbimpact c sbs book “The
cbcsbLives cbcsbs have on
cbcAksionov? cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
While imprisoned, he became a boot-maker, thus earning enough money to buy a book called The
Lives of the Saints. He read this book whenever possible. On Sundays he took a prominent role in the
s
b esteiptsips s
bestei ptsips
religious
sbesteiptsips
services, and
s
b esthe s
eiptsipsang inbthe
s
b estchoir s
eiptsip of the prison
s
bes
s
teiptsipchurch.sThe
bes
sips
teiptwardens and
sbes tsips appreciated
teipguards s
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
his humility, and the other prisoners regarded him with respect, calling him “Grandfather” and “The
Saint.”
1
ss tsips tsips ss sps ss ss ss ss ss

bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipc) Pickbcsbesteipthe
out cluesbcsbesteiptipconveybcsthat
that besteiptiMakar bc besteiptip
Semyonich
s bc besteiptip Aksionov.
recognized
s bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Makar was from Vladimir which was the place of Aksionov. When Maker heard that Aksionov was
arrested for the murder of a merchant and the bloodysknife was found in his baggage he recognised
UNIT
ss iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips iptips iptsips iptsips ss ss

eteiptip e te e
Aksionov.
te He was e te
surprised and e
said,
te “Wonderful. e te
Really e te
wonderful.” e te eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
3. Answer the following questions in a paragraph in about 150 words each.
ss tsip s Compare sps contrast ss teiptsips s s and Makar ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipa) eteiptiand eteiptipthe main echaracters, eteiptip
Aksionov eteiptip Semyonich.
Leo Tolstoy – two characters – attractive merchant Ivan Dmitrich Aksionov – wild in youth – now
settled down – lived with wife and children – decided to go to a fair – could sell merchandise – wife
s
b esteiptsips s
b es i
te ptsi p s had bad
s
b es iptsips – wrongly
tedream s
b es
s
teiptsipaccused s
b
tsips – sent
ipmurder
ofestae s
b esteipto s
tsipprison e
b steiptsipsSemeyonich
–sMakar s
b es
ps real murderer
teiptsithe s
b
cc b
cc b
c c to prison for b
c canother crime b
c c– Makar realisedb
c c – Aksionov b
c cpunished forchis bc crime – not b
c cwilling to b
cc
– sent
42
accept – Aksionov accepted the situation – helped Makar – he asked pardon from Akisionov
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Title God Sees the Truth, But Waits
Author Leo Tolstoy
ss ss ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eet i pt i p e eiptip
t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs Theme cbcsbsForgiveness
cbcsbissthe best form
cbcsbsof revenge
Leo Tolstoy in his short story ‘God sees the Truth but Waits’ presents two characters
ss ss – Aksionov and MakaripSemeyonich. In Russia during the nineteenth century, iaps young, attractive
eteiptip eteiptip e teiptsips e tetsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e tetips teiptsips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs s s
businessman
cbc b named s s
cbc Ivan Dmitrich
b s s
cbc Aksionov lived
b s s
cbc with his wife
b s s
cbc and children.
b s s
cbc Although hecbhad
b csbes been cbcsbs
a bit wild in his youth, he had now settled down and lived a responsible, productive life. One day he
decided tosmake a trip tos asfair where he sipscould sellteisome
sips of his merchandise. Although
sips his wife had
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips hadbc est
asbbadei pti ps
dream about
s
b estei pt ip
this trip, sbestei
Aksionov
p t decided
sbesto
pt proceed. He
sbes tei ptsips
was a very s te
plain
bes ipt minded man
sbestei ptsips
but s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc c ccb ccb ccb ccb ccb ccb b
cc
unfortunately he was wrongly accused of a murder. He was sent to a prison in Siberia. In the later
part Makar was introduced as the real culprit of the murder. This time he was caught for another crime
ss ss spsSiberia. Makar ss s
teiptsipAksionov s
teiptsippunished ps crime but
teiptsihis sipswas not willing ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip and came
bcsbesteiptito bcsbesteiptip realised
bcsbesthat bcsbeswas bcsbesfor bcsbesteipthe bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c
to reveal this. Aksionov became very composed and accepted his situation. Once he had a chance to
c c c
stand against Makar but he did not do it. This touched the heart of Makar and made him ask pardon

ss ss from Aksionov. ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
Always forgive your enemies - nothing annoys them so much.
ss ss - Oscar Wilde s s
eteiptip eteiptip iptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptip ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs b) How beste
cbcsdid c bcsbese c bcsbese c bcsbese c bcsbese ee
Aksionov react when his wife suspected him?
Aksionov punished wrongly – wife believed evidence – he wept – God knew the truth – expected
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips mercysbefrom
s
s
teiptsipGod s
b steiptsipsappealing
- stopped
e sbesteip
to
s
tsipthe s
b steiptsips – sentsbto
government
e es ptsipsmines inesSiberia
teithe sb teiptsips – 26 sbesteiptsipofs
years s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
imprisonment – happiness disappeared – weak – prayed to God
ss ss ss Title
ss God s sSees the Truth, s s But Waitsteiptsips ss ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip e esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb Author c bcsb Leo Tolstoy c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
Theme Forgiveness is the best form of revenge
ss ss sps sips sips sips ss ps of Aksionov,
teiptsistory ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbesteiptiLeo etineipthis
Tolstoy eteipt‘God
shortbstory Sees eteiptTruth
the Butbs eteiptipdescribes
Waits’ ethe eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs c cbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
who was wrongly punished for a murder. Although Aksionov strongly said that he was not guilty, he
was arrested and charged with the murder. Even his wife wondered if he might have been involved,
ss ss psips psips s
ptsipstriking. sps sps him he psips ps
iptsihis ss
eteiptip eteiptip since the
sbestei tcircumstantial
sbestei tevidence was
sbestei so sbeWhen
steipti his wife sbesuspected
steipti sbestei t hid hiscface in
sbeste eteiptip
hand and wept. He said to himself that only God alone seemed to know the truth. It was only to Him c bc bc cbcsbs
alone he could appeal. Only from God could he expect mercy. Then he stopped writing any appeal for
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips mercy totipthe
sbes
s
etsip government.
sbes
s only prayed
teiptsipHe sbesteiptsipsto God.sbesAfter
teiptsipsbeing severely
sbesteiptsipsflogged,sbesthe s
eiptsipwas sentsb
totiwork
es eptsip
s
sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
in cthe b
c mines in Siberia.
c c During his b
c c twenty-six years b
c c of imprisonment b
cc b
there,chis b
c hair turnedc white,
c his b
cc
happy-go-lucky personality disappeared, and his body began to weaken. He never showed any sign
1
ss ss of happiness psipsand he frequently
psips prayedpto sipsGod. psips psips psips psips ss
esteiptip esteiptip etei t etei t etei t etei t etei t etei t etei t esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb
Always forgive your enemies - nothing annoys them so much. UNIT
ss ss ss teiptsips sps ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip steipti eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c) Describe
cbcsbs the life
cbcof
sbesAksionov cbin
csbeprison. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Akisonov punished wrongly – flogged – sent to Siberia – 26 years of imprisonment – lost happiness
ss sips – prayedteipto
sipGod
s – a boot sipmaker
s – boughts ‘The Lives of sthe Saints’ – interested
sip sip sips in religion
sips – sang in
sps ss
eteiptip e teipt choirbs–bes t
appreciatedbby t i pt
e wardens and
e ti pt
eguards – was
e e t i pt
respected
e –b ti pt
‘Grandfather,
e e t
Saints’i pt eteiptihis
e – did notbcprove
e eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cc c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbs
innocence – died in prison
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiTitle
ptsips
s
b estGod
eiptsip
sSees the Truth,
s
b esteiptsips But Waits
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b b
c c Author c c Leo Tolstoy b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc
43
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip b csb
ss
esteiptip
c story ‘God Seesbcsb
ss
esteiptip
c the Truth But bcsb
ss
esteiptip bc
c Waits’ describessb
ss
esteiptip
c the story of bcsb
c Aksionov,
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Leo Tolstoy in his short
who was wrongly punished for a murder. Although Aksionov strongly said that he was not guilty,
ss ss eiptsip
s and charged
ss sips sips severely sps s
eiptsip sent to ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip he wasetarrested eteiptip with the
e teiptmurder. After
eteiptbeing eteiptiflogged, he
etwas work
eteiptipin eteiptip
the mines in Siberia. During his twenty-six years of imprisonment there, his hair turned white, his cbcsbs
happy-go-lucky personality disappeared, and his body began to weaken. He never showed any sign
ss s s of happiness psips and heesfrequently
psips prayed s God. Intipprison,
psipto sips he became psips a boot-maker, psips thus earning psips ss
eteiptip p
etei t i p
sbestei t sb tei t sbestei t sbeset sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
enough money to buy a book called ‘The Lives of the Saints’. He read this book whenever possible. c bc c bc cbcsbs
On Sundays he took a prominent role in the religious services, and he sang in the choir of the prison
s
besteiptsips sbes i
te ptsi p s
sb s
s
eiptsip wardens
church.etThe
sbes
s
teiptsipguards
and
sb steiptsips hissbhumility,
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e esteiptsips and the
sbes ptsips prisoners
teiother sbes
sips
teiptregarded him
sbes tsips
teipwith s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
c c calling him b
c c “Grandfather” b
c c and “The Saint.”b b
c c Though chechad a chance b b
c cto prove hiscinnocence
c b
cc
respect,
he preferred to spend his last days in prison. At last he died in prison.
c c c c Always forgive
c your enemies c - nothing annoys
c them so c
much. c c
ss d)s s Why did Aksionov

ss decides s not to reveal
s s the truth sabout
s Makar s Semyonich?
s ss ss ss
ss ss ss Author Leo Tolstoy

eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs s s
cbc Theme cbc Forgiveness
s
b s
b cbcsbissthe best form
cbcsbsof revenge
Leo Tolstoy in his short story ‘God Sees the Truth But Waits’ describes the story of Aksionov,
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips who was
s
b es tsips
teipwrongly s
b steiptsipsfor a murder.
punished
e sbesteiptsipsAlthough
s
b es eiptsip
tAksionovs strongly
s
b es
s that he
teiptsipsaid s
b es
sips not guilty,
teiptwas s
b esteiptsiphes s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc
was arrested and charged with the murder. After being severely flogged, he was sent to work in the
mines in Siberia. In prison, he became a boot-maker, thus earning enough money to buy a book
ss ss s of thetiSaints’.
teiptsipLives ss sips book whenever ss sipsSundays the ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip called
bcsbe‘The
s bcsbeseptip Hebcsread
esteiptthis
b bcsbesteiptip possible.
bcsbesteiptOn bcsbeseiptiptook a prominent
bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c
role in the religious services, and he sang in the choir of the prison church. The wardens and guards
c c
appreciated his humility, and the other prisoners regarded him with respect, calling him “Grandfather”
ss ss sps ss sips ss eiptsip
s ss ips
teiptsthe ss
eteiptip eteiptip andbc“The
eteiptiSaint.” eteiptaipnew set
Once eofteiptprisoners eteiptipand then
came etAksionov eteiptipthat one
realised eof eteiptip
prisoners, Makar, who was the real murderer. But later he decided to accept the punishment. Then
he had a chance to stand against Makar but he did not do so. He did not want to see Makar harshly
ss sips punished sips even began ss sipshad wrongly ss s
eiptsip of murderingss ss ss
eteiptip e tei pt eteiptand eteiptipto wonder
eteipthe
if eteiptipsuspected
etMakar eteiptip the merchant.
eteiptip eteiptip
To forgive is to set a prisoner free and discover that the prisoner was you.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
c c e) Discuss b
c c the meaning b
c c and importanceb
cc b
c c saying “God b
c c Sees the Truthb
c c But Waits”. b
cc b
cc
of the
Aksionov punished wrongly – wife doubted his innocence – he wept –s God knew thestruth – expected
1
ss ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsips ptips ptips ptsips ss

e mercy
bcsbe
–stei
God – prayed
bcsbest
toei
God – God
bcsbestei
allows innocent
bcsbesti
e
sufferings –
bc26
sbestei
years of estei
imprisonment
bcsb – God
bcsbesteiwaits bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
to reveal the truth – Maker in the prison – the real culprit – refused to accept – Makar surrenders
UNIT
ss ss ss ptsips s
eiptsipSees the teiptsips But Waits ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiTitle etGod eTruth, eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
Author Leo Tolstoy
ss ss ss ss ss psips psips psips psips ss
c bc c bc c bc
Leo Tolstoy in his short story “God Sees the Truth But Waits” presents a good merchantc bc cbcsbs
who was punished wrongly for a murder due to circumstantial evidence. Even his wife wondered if he
s
b esteiptsips s
b es i
te ptsi p s might e
sb
have
s
s involved,
teiptsipbeen s
b es
s
teiptsipsince s
b teiptsips
theescircumstantial
sbesteiptsips wassbeso
evidence s tsips
teipstriking. When
s
b es
sipswife suspected
teipthis s
b
cc b
cc b
c che hid his face b
c c in his handcand b b
c wept. Hec said
c to himself b
c cthat only God b
c calone seemed b
c cto know b
cc
him
44
the truth. It was only to Him alone he could appeal. Only from God could he expect mercy. Then he
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c appeal for cmercy to the government.
c
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip b csb
c only prayed cto God. In thisc story only
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
stopped writing any He
God knows the true criminal but He allows the innocent Aksionov to suffer in prison. Aksionov also
ss ss s
eiptsipimprisonment. ss ptsips twentyestsix s
eiptsipyears in ss s
tsipreveal eiptsip
s ss
eteiptip eteiptip accepts
etthe eteiptip He spent
eteinearly prison.
eteiptip God waits
eteipto theettruth. eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs
Now Makar the real culprit came to the same prison but refused to accept his hand in the murder. At cbcsbs cbcsbs
the end he was made to surrender. Thus God knows the truth but waits to reveal it.
ss ss ss ss ss psips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs is God’scbccommand
Forgiveness cbcsbs Luther cbcsbs
- Martin cbcsbs cbcsbs
s
besteiptsips s
b esteipf)
tsip s Forgiveness
s
b esteiptsips is thesbbest
esteiptsipform
s of revenge.
s
b esteiptsips Substantiate
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besteiptsips thesbestatement
steiptsips with
s
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sips
s
be
to
steiptthe
sips
s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc
story. ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ss ss ss ptsips s
eiptsipTolstoybsbesteiptsip
s ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiAuthor bcsbestLeo c bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c Theme
c c c
Forgiveness is the best form of revenge
c c c

ss s s teiptsiLeo
s Tolstoy tin shiss short story s “God
s Sees tithe s sTruth But tWaits”
s s describes sa sgood merchant ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip es p eseiptip esteiptip eseptip eseiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
who was punished wrongly for a murder due to circumstantial evidence. He was sent to Siberia prison
and he spent twenty six years there. Then the real culprit Makar came to prison for some other
crime. Aksionov
psips understood psips that heestwas
ss ss eiptsip the culprit but
s s Makar refused s s to accept sit.sOnce Aksionov
s iptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t Makar sbestei t to digcabcsb eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip beste eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs hadcbccaught cbctrying tunnel to escapecbcsbs the prison. cbcsbAksionov cbcsbseasily have
could cbcsreported cbcsbs
this deed to the authorities, but he chose to keep quiet, even after Makar threatened him. When the
tunnel wasteiptsipeventually tdiscovered, notone
teiptsips teiptsips eiptsip wouldbidentify
teiptsipsMakar as tthe
eiptsipculprit bwho teihad
ptsipsbeen doing teiptsthe
s s s s ips teiptsips
b s
bes b s
b es b sbes b sbes eiptsip b sbes sbes b sbes sbes b s bes b s
b es
cc cc c c Aksionoyc did
digging. c not revealcthis c to the governor.c c He forgave c c Makar. Later c cthat night, Makar c c came cc
to Aksionov’s bed and begged the old man for forgiveness. He confessed that he had indeed killed
ss ss the merchant ss s ss s s belongings. ss ss sips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip and bhad
csbesthidden
eiptsip thebsbloody
c besteiptipknife in
bcs
Aksionov’s
besteiptip bcsbesteiptip He offered
bcsbesteiptipto confess
bcs besto
teiptthis
bcsbesteiptip
c c c so that Aksionov
crime c could bec released fromc prison and goc back to his home c and family. c Thus it is c
proved that forgiveness is the best form of revenge.
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbsForgiveness
cbcsbiss the fragrance
cbcsbsthat the violet
cbcsbssheds cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
on the heel that has crushed it.
ss ss ss ss ss ss - Mark Twain
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Additional
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Answer the following questions in a paragraph in about 150 words each.
1
ss tsips Describe sips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip1. bcsbesteiptthe bcsbesteiptip
transformation
bcsbesteiptip underwent
Aksionov
bcsbesteiptip in prison.
c c c c c c c c c c
Attractive businessman – Ivan Dmitrich Aksionov – decided to make trip to a fair – at an inn – another
s s merchant –s stayed in the sinn
s – next tday s started hisipjourney
s s – caught s sfor murdering s sthe merchant s –s
UNIT
ss s s ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eseiptip estetip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c b sb c b sb c b sb c b sb c b sb
bloody knife in his bag – arrested, flogged, sent to mines in Siberia – real murderer Makar came to
the same prison – ignored the accusation – Makar and the tunnel – Aksionov did not reveal the fact
ss ss psips forgiveness psips – accepted s guilt oftimurder
psips – offered s confesstithe psipscrime – echancepsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip – Makar begged
sbestei t sbestei t
psiphis
sbestei t sbeset
psipto
sbestei t sbeset sbstei t eteiptip
for Aksionov to go – he forgave Makar – decided to stay in prison. c bc c bc c bc cbcsbs
Title God Sees the Truth, But Waits ps

s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b estei tips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc c c Author c c Leo Tolstoy
b b b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc
Theme Forgiveness is the best form of revenge 45
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bc
c during thec nineteenth century,
c sb
ss
esteiptip bc s
b
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c attractive businessman
c
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
In Russia a young, named Ivan
Dmitrich Aksionov lived with his wife and children.. One day he decided to make a trip to a fair where
ss ss tsips some sofesteihis s
ptsipmerchandise. ss sps stoppedteiatss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip he could
eteipsell eteiptipOn thebcsway,
eteiptihe e ptipan inn,bcswhere
eteiptiphe met another
eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcb cbcsbs c bs cbcsbs c bs
merchant, a person he knew. They decided to stay at the inn in rooms next to one another. The next cbcsbs cbcsbs
morning, he proceeded on his way. He was caught for the murder of the merchant. However, when
ss ss ptsips checked, ss tsipsfound.se teiptsips Aksionov sps sips sips ss
eteiptip eteiptip his bags
eteiwere eteipatipbloody bknifeeteipwas Although eteiptiprotested teiptinnocence,
ehis teiptwas
ehe eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
arrested and charged with the murder. After being severely flogged, he was sent to work in the mines
in Siberia. When a new shipment of prisoners arrived one day, Aksionov eventually realized that one
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips of thesbmen,
es
s
teiptsipMakar, was
sbes tsipsreal murderer.
teipthe sbesteiptsipsMakarsbignored
esteiptsips the accusation.
sbesteiptsips Aksionov
sbes
sips
teipthad caught sbesteiptsips
Makar s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc
trying to dig a tunnel to escape the prison. Aksionov did not reveal the fact to the officers. He did not
want to see sMakar harshly spunished and seven began toswonder if he shad wrongly suspected Makar
ss ss ptsip ptsip ptsip ptsip ptsip ptsips tsips ss
of cmurdering bcsbeste
thecmerchant.
i Laterbcsbe
that
stei night, Makar
bcsbestei
came to bcsbeste
Aksionov’s
i bed and
bcsbestei
begged thebc e
old
sb steipman
bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c
for forgiveness. He confessed that he had indeed killed the merchant and had hidden the bloody
ss ss knife in Aksionov’s belongings. He offered to confess to this crime sosthat Aksionov scould be released
eteiptip eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptips eteiptip
ss ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs from s s
cbcprison
b and cgo s s
bcbback to hischome s s
bcb and family. s s
cbcbMakar continued s s
cbcb to beg cAksionov bcbs s cbcsbs
for forgiveness, cbcsbs
especially since Aksionov had not revealed what he knew about Makar and the tunnel. Both men were
ss soon weeping, and Aksionov said “Godps will forgive you!” He suddenly felt unburdened and no longer
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e tei tips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s caredsb s
cbc about leaving s
b s
cbc prison. He only sb s
cbc desired death. sb s
cbc Forgiveness s
b s
cbcis the best form s
b s
cbc of punishment. cbcsbs cbcsbs
“To forgive issto set a prisoner free and discover that thesprisoner was syou”.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptips s
b esteiptips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
2. How did Aksionov transform Makar, the real culprit?
ss ss ss ptsips s
eiptsipSees the teiptsips ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiTitle bcsbestGod bcsbesTruth, But bcsbesteiptip
Waits bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Author Leo Tolstoy
ss ss ss Theme
ss Forgiveness
ss is the s best
s form of revenge
ss ss ss ss
Aksionov was so angry with Makar that he longed for vengeance when he came to conclusion
ss ss that he must sbe the real culprit. He kept repeating prayers all night.s He lost his peace of mind. sHe
eteiptip eteiptip e eiptsip to the
treport e teiptsips e teiptsips the facte teiptsips e ps
teiptiabout e iptsips
tdug
e eteiptip
s ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs didcbnot
csb s cbcsb s
authorities or
cbcsb s
reveal cbcsb s to the Governor
cbc sb s who
cbc s
b s the cbcsbs He
tunnel. cbcsbs
would have realized the futility of such an action. Because, he had already lost his reputation as a
good merchant. His wifesphad suspected him. His children would have become grown-ups. They
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteipti s s
b esteiptsips s
be steiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc might
c c not welcome
b c chim back tocthe
b bc family. Hec had bc none to csupportb c him incthe
bc outside world. c c When
b b
cc
Makar confessed his crime, he prayed that God would forgive him. He said that he was a hundred
1
ss ss times worse iptsipsthan him. ipThese

tsips words meltediptsips Makar’siphearttsips and so he iptsipconfessed
s hisiptsicrime.
ps iptsips ss
esteiptip esteiptip ete ete ete ete ete ete ete esteiptip
“To forgive is to set a prisoner free and discover that the prisoner was you”.
UNIT
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
46
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c the mindcmap given below, c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12bcsb
ss
esteiptip
4. Using write acbrief summary c of the story c in your own c words. c
Aksionov
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip teiptsipslived with his s s
eteiptip ps tried toetstop
teiptsiwife
eHis
sps sps
seipti him cbcsbesteipti Theclocal iptsipsofficer sesteiptsips
tpolice ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs csbes and children.
cbwife cbcsbsHe cbcsbs because shecbcsbhad bcsbese bcb cbcsbs
a bad arrested and charged chim
decided to make a trip to
dream. with murder.
the fair.
Aksionov frequently
He was sent to work in the A petition of mercy was
prayed ito
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteptsipGod.
s He bought
s
b esteiptsips s
b est i
mines
e ptsips
of Siberia.
se
b stei p
Hetsips
grew s
besti
e ptsips
turned down
sbes
sips
teiptand iptsips
he feltsbeste s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cthec book ‘The Lives b
c c of the b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc
old there. devastated.
Saints’ in prison.
c c c c c c found out
Aksionov c c
Aksionov forgave c c
Aksionov was respected by
the truth about Makar. Semeyonich, accepted
all the inmates due to his

ss ss teiptsips ptsips sEventually
s Makarpsips s sthe truth, tattained
s s self teiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip gentle
bcsbesbehaviour. bOne
csbes
teiday eteiptip sbestei t his eteiptip realization
e eiptip e eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c
he met Makar Semeyonich.
cbcsbsSemeyonich cbcadmitted cbcsbs cbcsbs and diedcinbcsbs cbcsbs
crime. peace.
ss ss sps ss psips ss iptsips teiptsips teiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbesteiptiAksionov, eteiptip eteiptip
sbestei t business beste his wifecand
bcsbeschildren. bcsbesday eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbasyoung and
cbcattractive cbcsbs man, lived
cbcswith cOne he cbcsbs
decided to go on a trip to the fair. But his wife persuaded him not to go because she had a bad dream.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips Laughing
s
b esteiptat
sipsthe sign ofteipbad
s
b es tsipsomen,she
e
b steipproceeded.
tsips sb
Heipstayed
estetsips in an
sbestinn.
eiptsip
sThe next tday
s
b es eiptsip
he
s ‘startedtiearly
s
b es eptsip
s
s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc bc morning. On
in cthe b
c cthe way, hecwasbc stopped by b b
c cthe local police
c c officer. He cwas bc charged with b
c c murder b
cc
and imprisoned. He felt devastated because the appeal for mercy was rejected.
ss ss s
eiptsip then bsent
s
ptsipSiberia, ss ss teiptsipsold. The ptsips ‘The Lives ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bHecsbestwas csbesteito bc
where
sbesteiptip he suffered
bcsbesteiptiap lot. He
bcsbegrew
s bcsbesteibook, bcsesteiptipof
b bcsbesteiptip
c c thec Saint’ transformedc his life inc prison. The inmates
c begancto respect himc on account ofc his gentle c
behaviour.
ss ss tsipshe metsMakar,ss teiptsips He found sips ptsips him. e tsips Makar sips ss
eteiptip eteiptip bOneeteip
day eteiptip the realeculprit. eteiptout eteiabout
the truth Heteipforgave eteiptand eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
said that he was a hundred times worse than him. Makar confessed his guilt. But when the order for
his release came, Aksionov was already dead.
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1
c c c c c c c c c c
UNIT
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47
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
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c bcsb
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c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
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ss
esteiptip
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PROSE
s cbcsbs cbcsbs
A Nice Cup of Tea
- George Orwell
s
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b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
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b esteiptsips s
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ss
Warm upss ss ss ss ss ss ss Page t34
esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip ee iptsips ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb
a) Here are a few varieties of tea. How many of these have you tasted? Tick the boxes.
ss
eteiptip ete iptsips Herbal teiptsips
eTea – bsbe steiptsipsIce Tea tiptsips –
bsbese
sips Tea teiptsips
iptLemon
ete e  cbcsbesteiptsip
s ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cc cc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
ss

ss
Green Tea
ss 
ss
Black Tea
ss  Tea with Milk
ss 
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
b) You would have seen lovely packets of tea on the shelves at supermarkets and shops.
PROSE - A Nice Cup of Tea
Have you ever wondered how tea powder is obtained from the plants? Look at the pictures
s
besteiptsips i
sbeste
ptsi p s psips the process.
sbestei t
and describe psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
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sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t s
b esteiptsips
b
cc cbc cbc cbc cbc cbc cbc cbc cbc b
cc
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
The tea leaves are plucked by the workers. The plucked leaves are dried in sunlight.
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b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
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cc b
cc b
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The dried leaves are powdered. The tea power is packed.
2
c c Summary c c c c c c c c
UNIT
ss ss ss ss ss tiptsips teiptsips sps ss ss

eteiptip eteiptip Thebcsbfirst
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese essaycb“A
csbesNice Cupcb steipti include
csbeTea” esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cb csbs c s impressionscbcsbs from reading
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explaining the correct ways of handling the essences of drinking tea. The speaker guides the reader through
instructions
ss sips on howteipto prepare and drink
tsips The title s tea andtipthen
ptsipthe
talks about many
tsips refersseto
of the faults
tsipsessay’ssecontent
people currently
teiptsips as well iptsip s are doing ss ss
eteiptip whenteiptdrinking their tea. teiof essay e
directly teipthe tas
e the idiom esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbwhich
e e e e e
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbc bs cbc b s cbcsb s cbcsbs
means that something suits someone nicely such as how elegant Orwell describes tea in general. The central
meaning within this essay relates to the methods of creating a perfect cup of tea.
s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips se steiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b
b
cc b Heb
ccis
b of the opinion
ccb b that many
b
cc bcookery books
b
cc b leave some
b
cc bimportant points
b
cc b in preparing
c c tea.
b b b
cc b
48 Preparing tea is important because tea has come to stay in our culture. According to him there are eleven
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
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b esteiptsips s
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip b
c points to followcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bc
c to prepare ca nice cup of tea.sb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip b
c First of all cone should selectcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c Indian or Ceylonese
c
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12bcsb
ss
esteiptip
tea. cChina tea c
does not have the stimulation and one does not feel good after drinking China tea. Secondly, tea should be
ss made in
spsteapot in smalls squantities.teiptTea
s s should not sbesmade in taeipbig
s svessel. The teapot
s s should be
s smade of chinass ss
eteiptip steipti
csbeearthenware. eteiptip e ip eteiptip e tip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbor cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Thirdly the pot should be warmed beforehand keeping it on the hob. Fourthly, to make strong tea
ss s s ptsips teaspoons psips sps teiptsips be put teiptsips into sthe tsipswithoutseusing
iptsips ss
eteiptip weesshould
p
tei t i p take six
sbesteiheaped sbestei t of tea. sbeFifthly,
steipti thectea sbesshould sbesstraight ippot
beste bste eteiptip
cbcsbs csb
cbstrainers c bc c bc c bc bc c bc
or muslin bags. Sixthly, the teapot should be taken to the kettle and not the other way about. The c bc c bc cbcsbs
water should be actually boiling at the time tea is dropped inside. Seventhly, after making the tea, one should
esteiptsips stir titiptor
ee
sipsgive the pot
ee tiptsiapsgood shake.
ee tiptsipAfterwards
s
ee titea
ptsipsleaves cantipbe
ee tsipallowed
s
ee
totisettle.
ptsips eetiptsips tiptsips
ee e teiptsips
b
cc s
cc s
b s
Eighthly, one should use a breakfast cup to drink tea. The cylindrical type of cup will keep the heat
longer. Ninthly cream should be removed from the milk before using it for tea. Tenthly, one should pour the tea
ss ptsipscup first.estBut s
eiptsipsome bpeople ss teiptsipIfs the milk ps second
eiptsiadded sps could regulate ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip b
into
csbesteithe bcsb csbesteiptippour milk
bcsbefirst.
s bcsbestis bcsbesteiptione bcsbesteiptip thebcamount
sbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c of milk. Lastly c tea should be c drunk without c sugar. c c c c c
ss
eteiptip
Glossary
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip Page
ss
teiptip ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs bsbes37
cc cbcsbs
curious – interesting
ss tsips ss tsips iptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipcontroversial
etei ptip –et e
iparguable, disputable
beste eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs virtues c bcsbs cbcsb–s admirablecbcsqualities cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

despised – hated
s
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b es tsips
teipstimulations
b
iptsips
este s
b–es tsips
t eipexcitement,
sb steiptsips
encouragement
e s
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b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
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optimistic – positive, hopeful
– a sbig
ss
esteiptip esti
e pcauldron
tsips ss
esteiptip esti
e ptips pot used estei
for
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s
eiptsip
eastscarce
s tsips
esteipduring
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb rationing
c
bcsb c bcs–
b restricting
c bcs
theb consumption c of
bcsb c bcsb
commodity war
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
dangling – hanging freely, suspended
ss tsips ss – te tsipspipe-likeeopening
teiptsips in asbteapotss teiptsips tea is spoured ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipspout eteiptip e ipthe eteiptip through ewhich eteiptip out bcsbesteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs liable cbcsbs cbcsb–s likely cbcsbs cbc s cbcsbs cbcbs c cbcsbs
mysterious – incomprehensible
ss tsips iptsips tsips acceptable ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipetiquette ete ipsocially
–et e eteiptip behaviour
Additional Glossary
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips se
b steiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b b b b b b b b
cookeryc c c cpreparation c c
– food c
c swilling cc cc
– rinsing cc cc
sketchy – vague spot – place
2
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptviolent bcsbesteipt–ip ferocious
considerable
bcsbesteipt–ip significant
c c c c c c c c c c
acutely – highly infuses – fills
regard – consider impact s – effect
UNIT
ss iptsips iptsips ss ss teiptsip iptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip e te e te eteiptip eteiptip csbes e te eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb goldencbcb – important
s s cbcsbs (here) cbcsbs cbregulate s
cbcb – control
s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
hob – the flat top of a cooker
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip csbes eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Exercise
cbcsbs withcbAnswer cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Choose
iptsipthe
s correct
iptsipsynonymsipfor
tsipsthe underlined
iptsips words
iptsifrom
ps the options
iptsips given.iptsips
teiptsips ete beste
s
ete sbeste ete t ete teiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
b es cbcsbs 1. This
cbcsis cbcsbs tea is
cbcone bcsbese
cbcsbs stays ofccivilization cbcsbs b
cc s
bes b
ccsbes
curious because of the main -------
49
a) clear b) effective c) interesting d) gloomy
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
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b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
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cc b
cc b
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cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c are my elevenc bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c one of which c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
2. Here rules, every I regardcas golden. c c c
a) consider b) reflect c) reject d) pushed
ss tsip s ------- s
teiptsipthere ps
teiptsimuch ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteip3. ebut is e
not eteiptip
stimulation eteiptip
in it. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
a) strength b) encouragement c) fascination d) reading
ss 4. In some countries teapots are fitted with little dangling baskets under the spout.
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbc
b s s s
a) cstinging
bc b s s
cbc b) jumping
b cbcsb s s s
cc)bctalking cbc
b s
b s cbcs
d) hanging
b s cbcsbs cbcsbs
5. There is also the mysterious social etiquette surrounding the teapot.
esteiptsips esteip tsips a) secretive
esteiptsips tsips
eb)teipopen
s s c) known
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip d) common
ss
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
Answers
ss ss ss 1.
s sc 2. aps s 3. b tiptsip4.s d 5. as s ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbestei tip bcsbese bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Self-Evaluation
ss ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
ss 1.s s ------- at tiptmost

sips you will sfind
s a fewtiplines
s s of sketchy iptsipsinstructions. ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese esteiptip esetip beste eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs a) cimportant cbcsbb) clear cbcsb cc)bcsvague cbcsbs cbcsbs
d) bright cbcsbs
Ans: cbcsbs
2. ------- the best manner of making it is the subject of violent disputes.

teiptsips teip tsips a) calm teiptsips tsips
b)tipferocious tiptsips c) splayful
tiptsips tiptsipsd) cool sbesteiptsips Ans:sbesteiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
bes b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es bcsbese c bcsbese c bcbese cbcsbese cbc c bc c b
cc s
b es
3. ------- but at least four others are acutely controversial.
ss s s a) lowly s s b) humbly
ss s s c) poorly
ss d) highly s s Ans:
esteiptip esti
e ptip esti
e ptip esti
e ptip estei ptip estei ptip estei ptsips esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb bcs
4. -------b
c but at least bcsb
c four others bcsb bcsb
c are acutelyc controversial. c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
a) debatable b) accepted c) believed d) known Ans:
ss tsips Heresare tiptsips teiptsips every s
teiptsipof tiptsips teiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteip5. bcbese my elevenbcsbesrules, bcsbesone which
bcsbesIe regardcb
as golden.
csbes bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c
a) important
c b) many
c cc) few
c
d) internal
c
Ans:
cbcsbs
ss 6. China teashas virtues which are notsto be despised nowadays.

eteiptip e teip tsips a) weakness
e teiptips e tsips
teipmerits e teiptips c) smany
e teiptsips ss
eteiptip d) plenty
ss
eteiptip Ans:
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s
b) cbcsb s cbc b s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
7. China tea has virtues which are not to be despised nowadays.
teiptsips teip tsips a) loved teiptsips e ip Ans:
s
b)tipliked teiptsips c) sdisposed
teiptsips sbesteiptsipsd) hated tipts s teiptsips teiptsips
b s
b es b sbes bs bes b sbes etsip bs bes b bes b b sbes b s
b es bsbes
8. Anyone who has used that comforting phrase ‘a nice cup of tea’ invariably
means Indian tea.
2
ss s s psips tsips psips c) constantly

psips psips psips Ans: esteiptsips ss
b sbesteiptip sbese
t i pt ip
sbestei t
a) weakly steipfeebly
sbeb) sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t d) seldom
sbestei t sb sbesteiptip
9. This is better done by placing it on the hob than by the usual method of
swilling itsout with hots water.
UNIT
ss iptsips iptips tips ss iptsips ss ss ss ss

eteiptip e te e te esteiprinsing eteiptip beste eteiptip d) following
cbcsbs cbcb
s s s
a) cmaking
s
bcb cbcsbb) cbcsbs cc)bcskeeping cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
10. Actually one can swallow tea-leaves in considerable quantities.
ss
eteiptip
s s a) constant
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
sips
b) psmall psips c) gloomy
psips psips Ans: esteiptsips
psipsd) significant ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs sestei tcbcb sestei t sestei t
cbcb sestei tcbcb sestei t cbcb s cbcb cbcb cbcsbs
11. If the tea is not lose in the pot it never infuses properly.
a) fills b) opens c) clears d) kicks Ans:
s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b 12. Theb
ccwater
b should
b
cc bbe actuallyb
ccboiling
b at the
b
cc moment
b of
ccimpact.
b b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
50 a) insult b) honour c) contact d) glory Ans:
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
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b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c can exactlyc regulate thec amount of milkbcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c whereascone is liablecto put in
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
13. One
too much milk if one does it other way round.
ss s iptsips tsips teiptsips c) introduce
teiptsips ss ss ss ss
a) free te b)te
ipcontrol eteiptip Ans:
eteiptip d) tolerate
s
eteiptip e teiptip e e e e eteiptip eteiptip
14. One can exactly regulate the amount of milk whereas one is liable to put in
too much milk if one does it other way round.
ss sips a) greatly
tiptsips tsips tiptsips c) sintern
tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips Ans:sbesteiptsips ss
eteiptip bsbes
tei p
t
bsbese steipsimply
bsbeb) bsbese b bese bsbese d) likely
bsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cc cc cc cc cc cc b cc cc cbcsbs
15. There is also the mysterious social etiquette surrounding the teapot.
s s a) decorum b) character s s c) involvement s sd) need Ans:
esteiptsips eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
Antonyms
ss sips ss ss ss tiptsips sps ss ss ss
esteiptip esteiptcurious esteiptip × bcsbindifferent
esteiptip esteiptip bcsbese esteipti× esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c c bcsb crarity c bcsb common
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
violent × calm mysterious × clear
ss dispute
ss s s × agreement ss ss regardps s×s disregard
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip ti tips eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs controversial
cbcsbs ×cbcsb
certain cbcsbs bcsbese
cregulate cbcsbs × deregulate
virtues × vice acutely × randomly
ss sips ss ss ss ss sps preciseteiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptdespised eteiptip × bcsbloved,
eteiptipliked bcsbesteiptip sketchy
eteiptip eteipti× e eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c s c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Exercise with Answer

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Choose the correct antonyms for the underlined words from the options given.
ss 1.s s This is curious s s because s tea

s is onetipofs the
s maintistays s s of civilization.
ss ss ss ss
sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesetip sbeseptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sesteiptip
b sbesteiptip
c bc c bc a) cindifferent c b) important
bc bc c bc cc) strong
bc c bc d) intention
c bc c bc c bc
2. The best manner of making it is the subject of violent disputes.
ss tip tsips a) ferocious
tiptsips tsips tiptsips c) sfine
tiptsips tiptsipsd) calmsbesteiptsips ss ss
eteiptip bsbese bsbese
b)tipmanly
bsbese bsbese b bese bsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cc cc cc cc cc b cc cc cbcsbs cbcsbs
3. The best manner of making it is the subject of violent disputes.
s a) conflict s b) agreement s c) brawl s sd) fight
ss s tiptsip s s s s s ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbesefour otherseteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 4. Atcleast cbcsbsare acutely cbcsbs
cbcsbcontroversial. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) proactive b) debatable c) certain d) uncertain
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsipsAnswers
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
1. a 2. d 3. b 4. c
2
c c c c Self-Evaluation
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
UNIT
ss Choose ss ss tsipsthe underlined
s s words sps the options s s given. ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptipthe correct
eteiptipantonymseteipfor eteiptip eteiptifrom eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
1. China tea has virtues which are not to be despised nowadays.
ss sps a) merits sps b) qualities
sps sps c) internal
sps spsd) vice Ans:
eteiptip eteipti esteipti pi
sbestei t
pi
sbestei t
pi
sbestei t
pi
sbestei t e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 2. China
cbcsbtea c bc c bc c bc c b
has virtues which are not to be despised nowadays.c cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) liked b) hated c) reviled d) known Ans:
s
b esteiptsips s
b es tsip s Curiously
teip3. s
b es
s
teiptsipenough s
b eiptsip
aestpewter
s
teapot
s
b es
sips
teipt(a rarity s
b steiptsips
nowadays)
e steiptsipsos bad. sbesteiptsips
issbenot s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc cbc b
cc b
cc
a) unique b) unequal c) common d) unknown Ans: 51
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c is also the bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c mysteriouscsocial etiquettebcsb
ss
esteiptip
c surrounding bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c the teapot. c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
4. There
a) clear b) wonderful c) gloomy d) secretive Ans:
cbcsbs cbcsbs Textual
cbcsbsExercises
ss 1. tsips onsthe sps psips of theestext,

psipsanswer psips of theestfollowing
psips psips in one psipors ss
eteiptip eteipBased eteiptiunderstanding
sbestei t sb tei t
each
sbestei t sb ei t
questions
sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs two sentences.
cbcbs c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
Page 37 cbcsbs
a)sip s What seems sips ‘curious’ to

sipsthe author?
sesteiptsips s estei pt s estei pt s estei pt s esteiptsips se steiptsips se steiptsips s esteiptsips sesteiptsips sesteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b Theb
ccmethod
b of preparing
b
cc b is not mentioned
b
cc b in the
b
cc cooking
b book.
b
cc Only
b a few lines
b
cc of
b sketchy instructions
ccb b b
cc b
are given. This is curious to the author.
ss tsips Why sdoes ss tsips that sitesis sips sips s
teiptsiprecipe teiptsips books? ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipb) bc esteiptipthe author
b bcsbesteipsay bc b teiptimportant
bcsbesto
teiptinclude
b
a etea
csb s inecookery
bcsb s bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c are lots of cdisputes to findc out the best cway of preparing
There c a nice cup of c tea. So it is cimportant. c
c) Mention the countries in which tea is a part of civilization. Page 38
ss ip tsips Briton, ss ss ss iptsipsof theirsecivilization.
teiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip te eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip beste eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbsErie, Australia
cbcsbsand New Zealand
cbcsbs have tea
cbcsas part
e
cbcsbs s
cbcb s cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
d) Which tea does the author prefer - China tea or Indian tea?
ss
eteiptip ee tip tsips The author
tiptsipprefers
ee
s Indian
tiptsiptea
ee
s to China
tipttea.
sips
ee tiptsips tiptsips
ee ee
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
e) According to the author, what does the phrase ‘a nice cup of tea’ refer to?
The idiom ‘a nice cup of tea’ means that something suits someone nicely.
b
cc b b
cc b f) What
b
cc b is the second
b
cc b golden rule
b
cc bin the preparation
b
cc b of tea?
b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
Second golden rule is that tea should be made in teapot in small quantities. The teapot should be
ss made of China or earthenware.
esteiptip ee tiptsips bese tiptsips e tiptsips
ee tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ee tiptsips tiptsips
ee ee ee
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbs g) How
cbcsdoes bcsbestaste?
Armyc tea cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb
Army tea tastes of grease and whitewash.
ss ss teiptsips generally ss tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese tea orcweak
bcsbese tea? cbcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs h) Doctea
bcsbeslovers cbcsbs like cstrong cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Tea lovers generally like strong tea.
ss i)s s Why should

teiptsips tea be directly
s s addedteipto spsthe pot? teiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip csbes be directly eteiptip s ti
bcsbepot sbes esteiptip eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Teacbshould cbcsbsadded to cthe cbcimprisoning
to avoid cbcsbtea.
the cbcsbissnot loosecin
If the tea bcsbthe pot, cbcsbs
it never in fuses properly.
s
b esteiptsips s
bes tsip s Why sdoes
teipj) bes
s
teiptsipthe author
s
b es tsips the
teipprefer sbesteiptsips
cylindrical cup
se
b s
sipsa flat cup?
teiptto sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
The cylindrical cup keeps the heat for some time. So he prefers the cylindrical cup. The other types
of cup will make the tea cold before we start drinking it.
2
ss tsips teiptsips ss teiptsips s

eiptsipmilk? bsbesteiptsip
s ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipk) What
bcsbeshould
s be bcsbesteiptipinto the
poured bcsbescup first- bcs
teabestor c bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
According to the author, tea should be poured first.
UNIT
ss tsips Why sdoes ss tsips removingtiptsips cream iptsips the milk? tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteipl) eteiptipthe author tipadvise
bcsbese bcsbese
tfrom
bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Creamy cbcbsmilk will cgive c c c c
a sticky taste to the tea. So the author advises to remove the cream from the c cbcsbs
milk.
ss ss sps teiptsips ptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptiauthor csbes drinking sbesteiwith eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs m) Does
cbcsbthe cblike cbctea sugar?
cbcsbs Give reasons.
No, the author does not like drinking tea with sugar. Sugar will destroy the flavour of tea. If we add
teiptsips tei ptsips sugar weteiptaste

tsips only theteipsugar,
tsips not theteiptea.
tsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b sbes b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
bes bsbes
cc c c n) Why c cdoes the author
c c refer to c chimself beingc c in ‘a minority’?
cc cc cc cc
52
Drinking tea without sugar may not be liked by many. In this case he is ‘a minority’.
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
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b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12bcsb
ss
esteiptip
o) Whom does thec author call ‘misguided
c c
people’? Whatcis his advicecto them? c c
The author calls those who would like to drink tea with sugar ‘misguided youth’. He advises them to
ss teiptsips taste teateipwithout
tsips sugarteipfor
tsipstwo weeks. ps they will
teiptsiThen s to liketiptea
teiptsipbegin s teiptsips
etsip without sugar. teiptsips ss
eteiptip e e e e e e e e eteiptip
2. Based on the understanding of the text, answer each of the following questions in four or
five sentences.
ss ss sps ss sps ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptithe eteiptip steipti tea?
bcsbeChina eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs a) What
cbcsbare cbcsbs viewscon
author’s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The author says that one should select Indian or Ceylonese tea. China tea may be economical but
teiptsips psips there is not

etei t it psipmuch
s stimulation
psips in it. Onepdoes
ti t ti t sips not feel pwiser,
ti t sips braver orpsimore
ps optimistic
psipafter
s drinking
etei t psipit.s etei t etei t teiptsips
b
cc s
bes cbcsbs b) How beste
cbcsdoes c bcsbese c bcsbese c bcsbese cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
bes
adding sugar affect the taste of tea?
According to the author, tea without sugar gives the real taste. Sugar destroys the taste of tea. It is
ss ss s
iptsipadding ss tsipsadd sugar, tsipstaste only ptsipssugar, and tsipsthe tea.eteiptsips ss
esteiptip eteiptip as good
eteas pepper
eteiptipand salt. eIfteip
we eteipwe eteithe eteipnot esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
c) Elucidate the author’s ideas about tea pots.
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb
Tea should be prepared in teapot only. The teapot should be made of china or earthenware. Silver or
ss ss tsips teapots ptsips s and enamel
tiptsiptea tiptsipspots are iptsips though tsips tiptsipsa ss
eteiptip e etip Britannia
ti p tipware
bcsbese
tiproduce
bcsbese
inferior
bcsbese bcsbese
tworse;
bcsbese
tip
bcsbese
curiously enough
bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c
pewter teapot is not so bad. c c c c c cbcsbs
eteiptip
cbcsbs
Additional
eteiptip
cbcsbs
eteiptip
cbcsbs
eteiptip
cbcsbs
eteiptip
cbcsbs
eteiptip
cbcsbs
eteiptip
cbcsbs
eteiptip
cbcsbs
eteiptip
cbcsbs
eteiptip
cbcsbs

Answer
ipsipthe
s following
ipsips questions.
esteiptsips etet etet ipsips etet e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs b
ccsb s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
1. What do we find in the cookery book about tea preparation?
We may find that the tea preparation is not mentioned in the cookery book. In some books there may
ss ptsips be some tsips instructions ss teiptsips points. ss ss ss ss ss
e bcsbesteipvague bcsbesteiptip without
bcsbesimportant bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
2. Why is a note on tea preparation important?
ss ss sipspreparation psipissimportant sips s
psipstayed pscivilization
psiof s
sipmany psips ss
eteiptip eteiptip A note onptea
sbestei t sbestei t
pbecause
sbestei t
teaehas
sbstei t
as epart
sbstei t
pof
sbestei t
countries.
sbestei t eteiptip
Moreover tea preparation has become a subject of disputes. c bc c bc c bc c bc cbcsbs
ss 3. How many points are explained by sGeorge Orwell about the s preparation of tea?
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s s
George s
cbc Orwell explains
b s s
cbc eleven points
b s s
cbc about the
b s s
cbcpreparation of
b s s
cbctea.
b cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs
4. In some countries what are fitted in teapots? Why?
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips In some
sbes tsips
teipcountries the
s
b es ptsipspots areesfitted
teitea s
b teiptsipswith dangling
s
besteiptsipsbasketssbeunder
steiptsipsthe spot.
s
b es ptsipsis to catch
teiThis s
b es ips
teiptsthe sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc
stray leaves which are supposed to be harmful.
2
ss 3. te
pAnswer
sips each psiof
psthe following
psips questionspsipsin a paragraph
psips of 100- psip150
s words. psips ss ss
sbesteiptip sesi t sestei t sestei t sestei t sestei t sestei t sestei t s esteiptip s esteiptip
c bc cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb c bc b c bc b
a) Summarise George Orwell’s distinctive ideas in “A Nice Cup of Tea”. UNIT
ss ss ss sps spsCup of Teateiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eTitle
steipti
AetNice
seipti e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbAuthor cbcsb
George Orwellcbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Theme Distinctive features of preparing a cup of tea
ss ss ss ss tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c c c c
This is curious, not only because tea is one of the main stays of civilization in this country, c cbcsbs
but because the best manner of making it is the subject of violent disputes.
s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b The first
b
cc impressions
b from
b
cc b reading George
b
cc b Orwell’s essay
ccb b “A Nice Cup
b
cc b of Tea” include
b
cc b Orwell b
cc b
explaining the correct ways of handling the essences of drinking tea. The central meaning within this 53
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c relates to thebcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip b csb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c methods ofc preparing thecperfect cup ofc tea. Accordingc to him therecare eleven
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
essay
points to follow to prepare a nice cup of tea. First of all one should select Indian or Ceylonese tea.
ss ss sips should be sips in a teapot ss teiptsips ss s ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip Secondly,
esteipttea esteiptmade esteiptip in small esquantities. The tteapot
eseiptip shouldestbe
eiptsipmade ofbschina
esteiptipor eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsb
earthenware. Thirdly the pot should be warmed beforehand keeping it on the hob. Fourthly, to make
c c c c c c bcsb c c b cbcsbs
strong tea we should take six heaped teaspoons of tea. Fifthly, the tea should be put straight into the
ss s s pot withoutteiptsipusing
s strainers s sor muslinteibags.
ptsips Sixthly, the
s steapot should s sbe taken to the
s s kettle and snots ss
eteiptip eteiptip csbes way about. eteiptip bcsbes making the esteiptip eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs thecbother cbcsbsSeventhly,cafter cbcsbtea, cbcsbsstir it or give
one should cbcsbthe cbcsbsshake.
pot a good cbcsbs
Afterwards tea leaves can be allowed to settle. Eighthly, one should use a breakfast cup to drink tea.
s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsip The cylindrical
s
sbesteiptsips type sof
bestcup
eiptsip
will
s keep the
sbesteiptsipheat
s longer.tiptNinthly
sbes e sip
s creamtipshould
se
b s etsip
s be removed
sbesteiptsips fromsbthe
esteipmilk
tsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc before
c c using it forc tea.
b bc Tenthly, cone bc should pour c cthe tea into cthe
b bc cup first and c cmilk second.cIfc the milk
b b b
cc
is added second one could regulate the amount of milk. Lastly tea should be drunk without sugar.
ss ss ss sps sps sps sps sps ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip pti few hours
eteiare
There eteiinptilife more eteipti
agreeable than teiptihour dedicated
ethe eteipti esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb
to the ceremony known as afternoon tea.
ss tsip s Discuss s
eiptsip the essay ptsips the factualss sips ptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipb) ethow eteireveals eteiptip points eteiptthe
and eteipersonal
author’s eteiptip on preparation
opinions eteiptip eteiptip
of tea.
ss ss ss Title ss A Nice
iptsipsCup of sTea ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip beste Orwell eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbAuthor cbcsGeorge cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Theme Distinctive features of preparing a cup of tea
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
c c are few hours b
c c in life more b
c c agreeable thanb b
c c the hour dedicated
cc b
cc b
cc
There
to the ceremony known as afternoon tea.
b b sbesteiptip
c c c c
c c The first
c impressions cfrom reading George
c c c c Orwell’scessay “A Nice Cup
c c of Tea” include
c c Orwell
c c c
explaining the correct ways of handling the essence of drinking tea. The speaker guides the reader
ss ss through iinstructions
ss on phowsips to prepare iptsiand
ps drink etea pand
sips then talks sabout
s manytiof tsipthe
s faults people ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteptip sbestei t drinking beste tea. The sbsteioft the essay esteiptip refers esepthe esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs are doing
currently cbcwhen cbcstheir cbctitle cbcsbdirectly cbcsbto cbcsbcontent
essay’s cbcsbs
as well as the idiom which means that something suits someone nicely such as how elegant Orwell
ss ss describesptea in general. The central meaning withinps this essay relates to methods of preparingps the
eteiptip eteiptip e tei tsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e tei tips e teiptsips e teiptsips e tei tips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs s
perfect s
cbc cup of tea.
b s s
cbcIt is mostly about
b s s
cbc the author’s
b s s
cbc personal opinion
b s s
cbc connected
b s s
cbcwith the factual
b s s
cbc points.
b cbcsbs
Out of eleven points some are accepted factual points and some are his personal opinion. Selection of
tea is his opinions. Second point about sthe teapot seems to be his opinion. Whether to pour tea first
e teiptsips e teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s bcsbesfirst
or cmilk is alsob
cchis
sbesopinion. b
cc s bes b
cc sbes b
cc sbes b
cc sbes ccb sbes b
ccsbes
If you fuel your journey on the opinions of others, you are going to run out of gas.
2
ss ss ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsips ss ss

bcsbestei
bcsbestei
bcsbesti
e bcsbestei
bcsbestei
c c c c c c c c c c
c) What are the aspects that contribute to humour in the essay?
UNIT
ss ss ss teiptsips s
eiptsip Cup ofbsTea ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eTitle AetNice eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Author George Orwell
Theme Distinctive
ss ss ss ss sips features sipofspreparingteipatsipcup
s of tea tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e ti
e pt e tei pt e ee eteiptip eteiptip
One should drink out of a good breakfast cup —
that is, the cylindrical type of cup, not the flat, shallow type.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc
b b
c cimpressions cfrom
The first c reading Georgeb b
c c Orwell’scessayc “A Nice Cup b b
c c of Tea” include
c c Orwell b
cc
54
explaining the correct ways of handling the essence of drinking tea. The speaker guides the reader
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip b
c on how to cprepare and drinkcsb
ss
esteiptip
c tea and then bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bc
c talks about cmany of the faultssb
c people
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
through instructions
currently are doing when drinking their tea. The title of the essay directly refers to the essay’s content
ss ss ps idiom ewhich
iptsithe tiptsipsmeanssbthat
tiptsip s tiptsipssomeone iptsips such sas ptsips elegantesOrwell
tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip as well tas
bcsbese bcsbse bc ese
something suits
bcsbese
tnicely
bcsbese
tihow
bcbese bcsb e eteiptip
describes tea in general. There are some points which are humorous. His description of the selection of c cbcsbs
teapot is one such point. Moreover selection of cup and pouring tea before milk are humorous. All true
ss ss sps only liketeitheir
ss sps like it a tlittle
ss teiptsipseach year ptsipspasses –estaeiptfact
sips ss
eteiptip eteiptip tea blovers
eteiptinot e ptip tea strong
eteiptibut e eiptip strongerewith eteithat eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb cbcsbs
which is recognized in the extra ration issued to old-age pensioners. The last point of taking tea without
milk contributes to humour in the essay.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips se
b steiptsips se
b steiptsips sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc bc
c good b b
c chumour is anc escape
c bc b
c cof life. b
cc b
cc
A sense of valve cfor the pressure
esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c Additional
bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
ss ss s
teiptsipfollowing tsips s
teiptasipparagraph sps sps ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptipeach bof
Answer ethe eteipquestions ein eteiptiof eteiptiwords.
100- s150 eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. What are the points explained by George Orwell to prepare a nice cup of tea?
ss ss ss ss ss iptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip beste eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbTitle cbcsAbsNice Cup cofbcsTea cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Author George Orwell

Theme Distinctive features of preparingip a cup of tea ips
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b estetsips s
b estetips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc
It is better to know the best way of doing things.
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip b csbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c
c impressions cfrom reading George
The first c Orwell’scessay “A Nice Cup
c of Tea” include
c Orwell c
explaining the correct ways of handling the essence of drinking tea. According to him there are eleven
ss ss tsips to prepare ss sipstea. First tof sps one should ss spsCeyloneseteipttea.
ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip points etoteipfollow eteiptip a nicebcsbeteiptof
cup e eiptiall eteiptipselect Indian
eteiptior e ip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Secondly, tea should be made in a teapot in small quantities. The teapot should be made of china
cbcsbs cbcsbs
or earthenware. Thirdly the pot should be warmed beforehand keeping it on the hob. Fourthly, to
ss ss ss ss teiptsips teaspoons ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip make eteiptip tea we
strong eteiptip take bsix
should eheaped eteiptipof tea.bcsFifthly,
eteiptip the tea eteiptip be put
should eteiptip
straight eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs c bs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
into the pot without using strainers or muslin bags. Sixthly, the teapot should be taken to the kettle
and not the other way about. The water should be actually boiling at the time tea is dropped inside.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips Seventhly,
sbes
ps
teiptsiafter making
s
b es tsipstea, one
teipthe sbesteiptsips stir itsbor
should es ptsips
teigive the pot sba
es
s
eiptsip shake.
tgood sbesteiptsips
Afterwards tea
sbesteiptsips
leaves sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
can be allowed to settle. Eighthly, one should use the cylindrical type of cup which will keep the heat
longer. Ninthly cream should be removed from the milk before usings its for tea. Tenthly, one should
2
ss ss ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsips iptsips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip pour bcsbe
thestei
tea into the
bcsbest
cupei
first. But
bcsbest
someei
people bcsbe
pourstei
milk first.
bcIf
sbestei
the
ptip
milk is e
added
bcsb stei
second one
bcsbeste
could bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
regulate the amount of milk. Lastly tea should be drunk without sugar. UNIT
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip is bthe
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb
Perfection c csbsart of a purist.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
55
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bc
c4. Based con your understanding
c sb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcs
c the text, complete
c b
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c chart givenc below choosingc bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
of the the
appropriate words or phrases given in brackets.
ss ss ss ss tsips of Tea tsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip Golden
eteipRules eteiptip
eteipPreparation eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip

(add sugar, shaken, milk, infused properly, strainers, without cream, taken to the kettle, small quantities,
china or earthenware, stirred, warmed)
ss ss ss sps sps ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptishould steipti in small
bcsbemade eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbTea cbe cbcsbsquantities
cbcsinbsa teapot. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sThe
bes tsips should
teipteapot s
b es tsipsmade ofsechina
teipbe b steiptsips or earthenware.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ss ss ss ss teiptsips be warmed ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip The pot
bcsbeshould
s bcsbesteiptip beforehand.
c c c c c c c c c c
ss ss ss ss ptsips not have ss ss ss ss ss

eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip Thebcpot
eteishould eteiptipstrainers.
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
ss ss ss ptsips water ptsipsteapot should ss sips ss ss ss

eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip While
eteipouring eteithe eteiptip be infused
eteiptproperly. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips Tea tleaves
sbes
s
eiptsip should
s
b ebe
s
ps
teiptsistirred. s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ss ss Afters making
s tea,iptits should
s be shaken s sshould beteitaken
s s or theteippot s s to theteikettle.
ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbeste ip bcsbesteiptip bcsbes tip bcsbes ptip bcsbes ptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
ss ss ss The
s smilk for the stea
s should tbe swithout
s cream.ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e eiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
ss ss ss The author does

ss s snot like toteiadd
s ssugar toteitea.
ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e ptip e ptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
Vocabulary Page 39 s
esteiptsips e tei ptsips
e tei ptsips
e tei ptsips
e tei ptsips
e tei ptsips
e tei ptsips
e teiptsips s
eteiptip e teiptsips
b
cc s
b bcsbs Find out
ca) bs synonym
cbcsthe s
cbcsbof cbcsbs
the underlined cbcsbins each ofcb
word csbsfollowing
the bs
cbcssentences. cbcsbs b
ccsb s
1. But because the best manner of making it is the subject of violent disputes.
2
ss ss ss tsips ss
tiptsips tiptsipsd) discussions
tiptsips Ans:sbec)
tiptsips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip tip a) agreements
bcsbesteiptip bcsbeb)
steipapplauses
bcsbesteiptip
c) conflicts
bsbese bsbese bsbese b se b sbesteiptip
c c c c c cc cc cc cc c c
2. ...tea is one of the main stays of civilization in the country.
a) a society in an advanced state of social development
UNIT
ss s s ss s
teiptsipprogress ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip ti
e e pt i p eteiptipthat has
b) absociety eslow eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
c) a society that has no progress
d) a society in an average state of social development Ans: d)
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
3. ...that they only drink it in order to be warmed and stimulated.
c c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) motivated b) discouraged c) passive d) admired Ans: a)
s
b esteiptsips s
b es tsip s ...under
teip4. s
b es tsipsspoutsto
teipthe e
b s tsips thesstray
teipcatch e
b s
s
teiptsipleaves.s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
56 a) fresh b) isolated c) gathered d) harmful Ans: b)
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c is liable to cput in too muchbcsb
c milk.
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
5. One
a) likely b) certain c) eager d) responsible Ans: a)
ss tiptsips iptsips tsips ss ss teiptsips iptsips ss ss
eteiptip bcsb eseFind out besteantonym esteipthe eteiptip wordbcsin
eteiptip bcsbesfollowing beste eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cb) cbcsthe cbcsbof cbcsbs
underlined c bs each ofcthe cbcssentences. cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. …which are not to be despised.
ss ss ss tsips sesteiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteip tip a) hated
eteiptip steipliked
seb) eteiptip bcsbesteiptip d) defeated
c) respected eteipti p Ans: eb)teiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcb cbcb cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
2. One does not feel wise, braver or more optimistic.
teiptsips
s s a) opportunistic
ss b) cheerful
ss s s c) realistic
ss sipsd) pessimistic sips Ans: d)teiptsips teiptsips
es eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e ti
e pt e teipt e e
b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs
3. Not the flat, shallow type…cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
b s
a) narrow b) wide c) deep d) direct Ans: c)
ss tsip s Predicting ss sipsvisitors…teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip esteip4. esteiptipthe arrival
esteiptof e esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb

c bcsb
a) journey
bcsb
c b) departure cbcsbs c bcsb
c) migration
c bcsb c bcs
d) perusal
b c bcsb
Ans: b)
c bcsb
ss 5. ...but theys are sufficient to show how sub-utilized the wholesbusiness hass become.
eteiptip e tiptsips
e e teiptips e tiptsips
e e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptips Ans:sbec)
teiptsips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb s
bcb s
a) cenough s s
cbcbb) suffocativecbcb
s s s
cc)bcscarce
s
b s
cbcb s s
d) submissive
s
cbcb cbc s cbcsbs
c) Fill in the boxes supplying the correct answers. The first one has been done for you.
ss ss ss ss ss ss tiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c
Noun/
Word with meaning

S.No Sentence Verb/ Sentence
andps
ipart
ps of speech
esteiptsips esteiptsips etei t psips etei t e teiptsips e teiptsips Adj. sform
e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs b
ccsb s b
cc s
b s ccb b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
1 Word : wise My brother is wise. wisdom My brother showed great
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
Meaning
tiptsips
ese
: clever ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip ete iptsipswisdom inipbusiness.
etetsips iptsips
ete
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb bcsb
cParts of speechbcsb
c : adjective c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb
2 Word : harm s We shouldsnot harm harmful What we do should not be s

ss ss tiptsips iptsip iptsip iptsips iptsips iptsips s ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese e te e te e te e te e te eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cMeaning cbc:bdamage cothers.
s s s
bcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s harmful
cbcb to others.cbcsbs
s s cbcsbs
Parts of speech : verb
ss ss ss s s Tea stimulates
s s our teiptsips stimulation ss s
teiptsipfor ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip3 eteiptip
Word eteiptip
: stimulate eteiptip e eteiptip We takeetea eteiptip
stimulation. eteiptip
Meaning : kindle thinking.
Parts of speech : verb
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc 4 bc
cWord b
c c: argue b b
cWec argued to finalise
cc b
cc
argument bc
We cshould b
c c in
not indulge b
cc
Meaning : discuss place for our team. unnecessary argument.
2
ss ss s
ptsipspeech ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip Parts
bcsbesteiof bcsbesteiptip
: verb
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
5 Word : strong The wall is very strong. strength The strength of the building
Meaning : sturdy
iptsipsdepends on
iptsipthe
s quality tof
UNIT
ss ss tiptsips ss ss ss eiptsip
s ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbeseof speech esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e te e te
cb cement. cbcsbes eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cParts cbc:sbadjective cbcsbs cbcsbs s
cbcb s steel s
cband s cbcsbs
6 Word : destroy Very old things should destruction The destruction of old
ss ss tiptsips iptsips sips sips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese beste ti
e pt tei pt eteiptip buildingeteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
cMeaning cb:csabolish cbe
bcsbdestroyed. cbcsbsis being done
cbcsbby
es e
Parts of speech : verb the workers.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
57
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Listening Page 40
ss ss psips psips psips psips psips psips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip
Listen to the passage about the ‘Significance of Tea’ and answer the questions. c bc c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs
Questions:
ss ss ss ptsips teiptsips sps ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip sbestei largest bcsbesproducer steipti world?
csbethe eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 1. Which
cbcsbscountry cisbcthe ctea cbin cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
China is the largest tea producer in the world.
s
besteiptsips s
b es tsip s 30 percentage
teip2. s
b esteiptsips of the
s
b es
s
teiptsipproduced
tea
s
b
in
es tsips is exported.
teipIndia s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
3. What is the role of antioxidants in tea?
ss s s Antioxidants s sin tea might sprevent
s cancer. ss ss ss ss ss ss
c c c
4. Drinking c
tea strengthens c
one’s teeth, bonescand immunecsystem. c c c
ss 5. How doesstea drinkingshelp a diabetic?

eteiptip e tiptsips
e e teiptips e tiptips
e psips psips
sbestei t sugar. cbcsbestei t
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s s
Regular s
cbcb tea drinking s s
cbcbmight lowercbcblood cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
ss
eteiptip Speaking
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
Deliver the speech in the school assembly on ‘The importance of developing a positive attitude’
teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips Page tiptisps teiptsips
b
cc s
bes b sbes
c Respected
c b s
b es
Principal,
cc beloved b sbes
c teachers
c b
andcmys
b es b
c friends! c c s
b es b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es bsbese41
cc b
cc s
b es
I am standing in front of you to say something about the ‘Importance of developing positive
ss s s tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
bcsbesteiptip i p
battitude’.
t
sbese t i p
bsbese bsbese bsbese bsbese bsbese bsbese bsbese b sbesteiptip
c cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc c c
A positive attitude helps you cope more easily with the daily affairs of life. It brings optimism into
ss your p life, and makesps it seasier to avoid sps worries and s negative thinking.
s s If you tadopt
ptsips it as aeway of life, it would
eteiptip tei tsips etei tip steipti life, and
s
esteiptipyou happier,
eteiptip sbesei more teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs csbes constructive
cbbring cbcsbschanges cinto bcsbeyour cbcsbmake cbcsbs brighter cbcand cbcsbs
successful. cbcsbs cbcsbs
With a positive attitude you see the bright side of life, become optimistic, and expect the best to
ss s s ss s
eiptsip that is sips developing.ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip p
happen. i p eteiptipa statebcsof
etei t It is certainly etmind eteiptworth
well eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Positive thinking involves constructive thinking, creative thinking, optimism, motivation and energy
to do things and accomplish goals. sps
teiptsips tiptsips
ee tiptsips
ee tipti
bese tiptsips
ee tiptsips
ese tiptsips
ee tiptsips tiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
b es cb csbs cbcsbs success
cbcsand cbcsbits makes you
cbcsbfeel bcsbese
cbcsItbsgives youcthe bese
cbcsto b
ccsbes
Expecting not failure, inspired. strength not give
up, if you encounter obstacles on your way.It makes you look at failure and problems as blessings in disguise.
2
ss teiptsipsyou believe ss s ss
eiptsipin yourbsabilities. sps to showteiself-esteem
ss s
teiptsipconfidence. ptsips ss
bcsbesteiptip b
Itse
c b
makes
s bcsbesteiptipin yourself
bcsbestand c esteiptip It enables
b bcsbesteiptiyou bcsbes ptip bcsbeand
s bcsbesteiYou bcsbesteiptip
c c look for solutions,
c c
instead of dwelling on problems.
c c c c c c
You see and recognize opportunities. A positive attitude leads to happiness and success and can
UNIT
ss iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips teiptsips ss

eteiptip e te e te e te e te e te e te e te bcsbeslight eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbchange
cb s
your cwhole s
bcb life. If you s s
cbclook
b at the bright s s
cbcb side of life, s s
cbcbyour wholeclife s s
bcbbecomes filled s s
cbcb with light.cThis cbcsbs
affects not only you and the way you look at the world, but it also affects your environment and the people
ss around psipyou.
s If this attitude
psips is strong psipenough,
s it becomes
psips contagious.
psips It’s as if pyousips radiate lightpsiparound
s you.ps ips ss
eteiptip etei t etei t sbestei t etei t etei t etei t etei t etei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cb csbs cbcsbs attitude
Negative cbcsays: cbcsbsachieve success.
you cannot cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Positive attitude says: you can achieve success.
s
b esteiptsips iptsips So, develop
csbeste sbesteiptsipsa positive
sbes tsips
teipattitude. s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc c b b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
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c c c c c c c c c c
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b esteiptsips s
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s s
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b esteiptsips s
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Reading
ss tiptsips ss psips psips psips psips psips psips ss
eteiptip eteiptip
bcsbeseat the following sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cLook cbcsbs c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
non-verbal representation. Based on your understanding and inference, write c bc cbcsbs
a paragraph on career trends in the next decade.
ss ss ss ss sps sps 2018-2028 ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip 10bcFastest
eteiptip -Growing
eteiptiOccupations
eteiptifrom eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
c c c c c c c c c c

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
01. Wind & Solar Energy Technicians ................................................ 106 %
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip 02. bPersonal
csbesteiptip Care b&csbHome
esteiptip healthbcAides..............................................
s
b esteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip 85 %bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
03. Physician Assistants & Nurse........................................................ 70 %
ss s s 04. Statisticians&
tiptsips Mathematicians
tiptsips .....................................................
tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips 35 % sbesteiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
05. Media persons & Journalists ......................................................... 45 %
cbc cbcsbs cbcsbs
ss 06. Application Software sDevelopers . ................................................ 55 %

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips psips
sbestei t
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s c bcsb s c bcsb s c bcsb s c bcsb s c bcsb s
07. Bicycle repairers & Mechanics ...................................................... 40 % c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs
08. Teachers& Lecturers.................................................................... 35 %
s esteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b 09.c Sportsmen
bc b &cCoaches
bc b . ...............................................................
ccb b ccb b ccb b 25 c%c
b b b
cc b b
cc b
10. Chefs & food analysts ................................................................. 20 %
2
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipAnswer :
c c c c c c c c c c
The chart shows the 10 fastest growing occupations from 2018 to 2028. The most popular profession
UNIT
ss ss sipswind and tsolar
psipsenergy efield.
psipsThe technicianpsipscourse e psipsfield willegrowpsipsby 106%. sips ss
eteiptip eteiptip will be in p the
sbestei t sbesei t sbstei t sbestei t
in the
sbstei t sbstei t
pNext
sbestei t eteiptip
comes Personal Care & Home health Aids. It has 85% growth. Physician Assistants and Nurse stand c bc c bc cbcsbs
third with 70% growth. Next comes Software Developers with 55% growth. Media persons and
ss ss sps still in a tgoodss s ss sps s s cometeipnext
ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip journalists
esteiptiare eseiptip positionestwith
eiptsip 45%.bBicycle
esteiptiprepairers e& Mechanics
steipti
surprisingly
esteiptip es tip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs bcsb bcsb bcsb csb bcsb
with 40%. Statisticians, Mathematicians, Teachers and Lecturers have a poor place compared to many
other professions. They all have 35%. Then come Sportsmen & Coaches and Chefs & food analysts.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips with 25%
s
b esteiptand
sips 20% respectively.
s
b esteiptsips So the
s
b esteiptsihighest
ps is Wind
s
b esteiptsipand
s Solar energy
s
b esteiptsips technician
s
b esteiptsipand
s the lowest
sbesteiptsipiss sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
Chief
c cand food analyst.b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
59
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
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b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c Page 43
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Task
ss tsips thesesarticle
teiptsips on sb sps ptsips options ss teiptsips ptsips answer tsips ss
eteiptip ete ipRead the
eteiptiemergingeteicareer eteiptip in the emodern eraeteiand eteipthe eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs questions
cbcbthat follow. cbc s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
ss a) When do sstudents start thinking about their career path?

eteiptip teiptsips teiptips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbes s e
Studentss
cbc start thinking
b s es
cbc about their
b s es s es bcsbese level.
cbc career pathcbatc the higher csecondary
b b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
b) How can students build a strong career?
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips Students
s
b es tsips remember
teipshould sbesteiptsipsthat tosbebuild
steiptsipas strongsbecareer
steiptsips they must
s
b es
sips a decision
teipttake s
b es
s a thorough
teiptsipafter s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc bc b
c c field and ctheir bc underlying b
c c interest. They b
c c should develop b
c c their b
cc
understanding ofc the prospective
communication skill.
ss tsip s Whatseare ps
teiptsithe sips sips eiptsip
s ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipc) bc b s integral
bcsbesteiptaspectsbcof
sbestaeiptsuccessful
bcsbestcareer? bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Ability, attitude and interests are the integral aspects of a successful career.
ss d)s s What isteipmeant
sips by ‘culinary
psips art’?esteiptsips psips psips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbes t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc c bc c bcsb c bc
Cooking and hospitality in hotels are meant by ‘culinary arts’. c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
e) Why is media a popular career option?
ss ss ss ss sps ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip Thisbciseteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
steipti and entertainment eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbsthe information
cbcsbs era. So cthe
bcsbeprint cbcsbs media
cbcsbs have become
cbcsbsvery popular.
cbcsbs cbcsbs
f) Name some paramedical courses mentioned in the passage.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips Optometry,
s
b esteiptsippathology,
s
s
b esteinursing,
ptsips physiotherapy,
sbesteiptsips and tdentistry
s
b es eiptsip
s are the
s
b esteiptsiparamedical
ps
s
b esteipcourses
tsips mentioned
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
in cthe
c passage. c c b b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
g) Why is the Hotel Industry seen as the fastest growing in India?
ss ss ss ss s
eiptsip for business sps tsips ss teiptsips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip Thebnumber
csbesteiptipof international
bcsbesteiptip travellers
bcsbestboth bcsbesteiptiand leisure
bcsb teipincreasing.
esis bcsbesteiptip
Hospitality and
bcseservice
b s bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
industry offers career options such as house-keeping, front-desk executives, tourism management,
etc.
ss ss ss teiptsips ss teiptsips ptsips tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip bcsbesto eteiptip bcsbaescareer sbesteifield bcsbese Answer esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs h) Does
cbcsbitsrequire cone cbcsbs to opt cfor
be a player in
cbcthe ofcsports? cbcsbgiving cbcsbs
reasons.
ss No, one need not be a player to opt for aspcareer in the field of sports. sThe field of sports offers various
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teipti s e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s s
career s
cbc options such
b s s s s
cbc as technicalcbtrainers,
b c b s s
commentators,
cbc b sportss s s s
cbc journalists,cdieticians,
b bc b cbcsbs etc.
referees, cbcsbs
i) Pick one word from the passage which is the opposite of ‘modern’.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips Traditional.
sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
j) Which word in the passage means composed of people from many parts of the country’?
International travellers. s s
2
ss ptsips ptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip e sti
e e stei eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
Grammar
UNIT
cbcsbs cPrepositions cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
A preposition is a word or a phrase that is used to show the relationship between a noun and another
eteiptip eteiptip noun. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
60
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
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b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c List of Prepositions
c
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c Prepositional bcsb
c Phrases c
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
and
A B C I N P U
ss iptsips iptsips iptsips ss iptsips iptsips iptsips teiptsips ss
eteiptip e te e te e te eteiptip e te e te e te undercbcsbes eteiptip
cbcsbs s s s s s
cbcb about cbcb barringcbcb concernings cbcsbs in s
cbcb s s
near cbcb s s
past cbcb s cbcsbs
above behind in case of next to plus unlike
ss across
ss sbefore
s ss psiin
psfront ofeteiptsips O s s R teiptsipuntil
s ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t eteiptip e eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs after cbcsbs below cbcsbs c
D bc sbs
cbcof
in place of cbcsbs regarding
cbcsbs up cbcsbs cbcsbs
against beneath despite in spite of off regardless upon
s
besteiptsips s
b es
sips of teiptsibeside
teiptahead s
b es
ps
sbes
ps
teiptsidown s
b es
ps
teiptsiincluding s
besteiptsipons s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
along besides during inside on behalf
amid besides E instead of of S V
ss s s s s s s s s s s s s s s ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsb
i p ti p i pt i p i p
ese amidst bcsbese betweenbcsbese except for
t t t t i p
bcsb ti pt i p t i p
ese into bcsbese on top boft i p
csb t i pti p t ipt i p
ese since bcsbese versusbcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
among beyond
F L onto T via
around by
ss s s s s sfollowing
s slike
s sopposite
s sthan
s s s W teiptsips ss
eteiptip t i pt i p
e e as far asbcsbese p
t i pt i eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs for cbcsbs cbcsbs out cbcsbs through cbcsbs with cbcsbs cbcsbs
aside from
from out of till within
at
ss s s s s s s s s s outside
s s tos s s ss ss
eteiptip etei tp i p etei tp i p p
etei t i p p
etei t i p
M
p
etei t i p etei tp i p etei t withoutbcsbesteiptip
p i p eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs towards cbcsbs c cbcsbs
minus

sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips Page
s es
sips
teipt45 s esteiptsips
b
cc b cTask
bc 1
b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
Recall your learning of basic prepositions and complete the sentences using the
ss tsips sips in brackets. ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipprepositions
bcsbesteiptgiven bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
over under on between among
ss ss ss ss tsips sps front ofteiptsipsnear/beside ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip into eteiptip eteiptip
with eteipsince eteiptiin e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
a) The boy jumped into a narrow stream.
ss b)s s My brother swill
s meet me on
s sFriday morning.
ss ss ss ss ss ss
cbcsbs cbcsbs c) A temple
cbcsbs is near/beside
cbcsbs a bank.cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
d) My friend with his brother will meet me tomorrow.
s
b esteiptsips s
bes tsip s Theresisestusually
teipe) b
s
eiptsip a garden
s
b es
ps
teiptsiin front of
sbea
s tsips
teipbungalow.se
b steiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
f) Yuvashree has been studying well since childhood.
2
ss s s overteiaptsimountain
g)s s A trekkeripclimbed s meticulously.
ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbestetip bcsbes p bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c h) There c between my
c was a skirmish c brother andc sister. c c c c
i) The laudable thoughts were apparent among many scholars in a conference.
UNIT
ss ss s
tsipwork sips sips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipj.tip It is beasy
eteipto eteiptthe
under etaeiptvisionary
aegis sof eteiptip
leader. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Task 2
ss tsips s
teiptsipfollowing ptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip ete ipComplete ethe eteipassages eteiptip the prepositions
using eteiptip eteiptipin brackets.
given eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
(among, for, at, to, in,)
teipi)tsip s WhensbLakshmi
teiptsips was 1) at
teiptsischool, she twas totip
teiptsips ps eiptsipkeen 2) elearn
tsips musicseand
teiptsiplanguages. tShe
eiptsip involved herself
s s s teiptsips teiptsips
b s
b es b s
b es b es b sbes b s
b es b sbes b b s b s
b es b s
bes bsbes
cc cc 3) cincthe school orchestra.
cc c responsible
She cwas c c4) for conducting
c c many programmes.cc c cwas very
She cc
popular 5) among her schoolmates, as she was good friendly and helpful. 61
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
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b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
(after, cwith, on, before,
c of, in, for)c c c c c c
ii) 1) Before the interview started, Riaz was confident 2) of getting the job. He knew that he was
ss ss s
ptsipfor sips ss ss teiptsipsperfectly. s
eiptsip interview eiptsip
s ss
eteiptip e etip qualified
t i p etei3) eteiptHe
thebsjob. eteiptip 4) in
was binterested eteiptip
discharging hiseduty etThe etpanel eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
was impressed 5) with his attitude and skills. So 6) after the interview, he was 7) on cloud nine.
ss ss
Prepositional Phrase ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
A prepositional phrase is made up of a preposition and a noun phrase.
Task ip
1ts
esteiptsips ete ips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cbcsbs

b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
Underline the prepositional phrases. The first two examples have been done for you.
b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
ss a. With reference to your advertisement insaslocal newspaper, I am applying for the post of a salesman.
esteiptip esti
e ptsips estei ptsips esti
e ptsips esti
e ptip estei ptsips estei ptsips esteiptsips ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb bcsb
b. Thec assignment will bcsb
c be completed bcsb
c in a few weeks. c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
c. Ravi was appreciated by his teachers.
ss tsip s We feel s
eiptsip for our teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipd. etsorry emistakes. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
e. The boy studied well in spite of many obstacles.
f. s Our nation issfamous for itssglorious culture.
ss s teiptsip s ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e tip
tei p
bcsbesproud esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs g. Wecare cbcsbchildren.
of our cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
h. My brother will return home in the evening.
teiptsips tiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips Page sips
teipt46 teiptsips
b
cc s
bes bcsbese2
cTask b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
ccsbes b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es
Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositional phrase given in brackets.

ss teiptsips teiptsips ptsips sips ss ss ss sps ss
bcsbesteiptip cbcsbes (in favour bcsbeof,
s in case bof,
csbesteiaccordingbcsbesteipton
to, the bc besteiptipon account
whole,
s bcsbesteiptipof, on bbehalf
csbesteiptipof, in bspite
csesteiptiof,
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c
instead of)
ss tsip s Instead ps Rajesh
iptsiKiran, sips attend ateipprogramme.
tsips tiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipa) of
beste tiptmay
bcsbese bcsbes bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs b) Many cbcstourists c c
visited Ooty in spite of heavy rains. c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
c) Expressing gratitude on behalf of others is common in a vote of thanks.
ss ss teiptsips I hadsbaesthappy s
eiptsip childhood. ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbeswhole, eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs d) Oncthe cbc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
e) Our teacher always acts in favour of her students.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteipf)tsip s On account
s
b esteiptsipofs his laziness,
s
b esteiptsipsthe boysbremained
esteiptsips passive
s
besteipfor
tsipsa long stime.
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
c c g) According b
cc b
c c ahimsa means
to Gandhiji,
b
c c infinite love. b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
h) In case of rain, take an umbrella.
2
c c cConjunctions
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
A conjunction is a word that joins together words, phrases, clauses or sentences. There are two types of
UNIT
ss sips tsips coordinating

eteiptip eteiptconjunctions,
eteipnamely eteiptip conjunctions
eteiptip andbsubordinating
eteiptip eteiptip
conjunctions. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. Coordinating Conjunctions
ss ss s
tiptsipconjunctionstiptsips tsips as well iptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip Cumulative
bcsbese bcsbese
and,
csbes
teipalso, tas
cbcsbs cbcsbs c
Choice conjunctions
c cbor, c
or else, otherwise
Contrast conjunctions yet, but, still, nevertheless, whereas, while
s
b esteiptsips s
b estei ptsips
besteiptsips conjunctions
Consequence
s s
b esteiptsips so,
s
b estand s
eiptsipso, therefore,
s
b es
s
teiptsipconsequently,
s
b es
s
teiptsipfor s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
62
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
2. Subordinating Conjunctions
time before, after, when, while,

s till
ss ss ss ss s
teiptsip s tiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip place eteiptip eteiptip csbes wherever, eteiptip bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbwhere, cbcsbswhether, cwhither cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
manner as, as if, as though
ss ss ss ss eiptsip
s ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip comparison
eteiptip eteiptip as,etthan eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cause / reason because, since, for
result / consequence that, so that
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b purpose
ccb s
b b
ccsb so
b
cc s
b that, in order
b
cc s
b that b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b
condition / concession if, unless, provided, even if
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip contrast
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip though,
bcsbesteiptip even bthough,
csbesteiptipalthough
c c c c c c c c c c
Page 47
Task 1
eteiptip eteiptip csbesappropriate eteiptip esteiptip thebbrackets
eteiptip andbcscomplete
eteiptip the esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Choosecbthe cbcsbslinker from
cbcsbwithin c csbs c bs cbcsbsentences.cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) I could not complete my paper in the examination because (because, but) I was slow in answering the
ss
eteiptip ete iptsips questions.
ete iptsips iptsips
este iptsips
sbeste iptsips
ete iptsips iptsips
ete iptsips ete ete
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs b) It started
cbcsbs raining,cso
bcsb(yet, cbccould
so) we cbcsbs
not play. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

c) As (As, If) I got up early, I managed to reach school on time.
s
besteiptsips s
b es tsip s Though
teipd) s
b es eiptsip
t(Though s
sb steiptsips he committed
/ bWhereas)
e sbesteiptsips a mistake,
sbes
psapologised
teiptsihe s
b es
ps (and /esince
teiptsiand s
b steiptsips) promised
s
b es tsips
teipthat s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
he would not repeat it. Page 48
ss e)s s This is how s(how
s / what) sit smust be done. ss ss ss ss ss ss
b bcsbesteiptip
c c f) Thec vendor saw the c train movingc slowly from the c platform, therefore
c c / until) hecgot in.
(therefore c
g) I was not well, so ( but / so) I did not attend the class.
ss tsip s (If / Although)
ss sips sips sips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiph) eteiptip Although
eteiptshe eteiptshe
can drive, travels teiptbus.
eby eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
i) (If / Unless) Unless you register your name, you cannot participate in the competitions.
ss j) (As soon assp/sBesides) Assp soon as my father arrived home, I narratedspthe incident. sps
eteiptip e teiptsips e teipti e teipti s e teiptsips e teiptsips e teipti s eteipti
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
cbc k) Be cquick s
b s
bc to hear and s
b s
cbc (then / and) sb s
cbcslow to speak. cbc s
b s cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
l) I am neither (neither / either) an ascetic in theory nor (nor / or) in practice.
s
b esteiptsips s
bes tsips We failsesto
teipm) b
sips
teiptharness the
s
b erain
s
s
teiptsipwater; sb steiptsips
consequently
e s
b steiptsips
(consequently,
e s
b steiptsips
nevertheless)
e we
s
b es eiptsip
tsuffer. s
s
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
n) My brother will certainly clear GRE; for (yet / for) he works very hard.
2
ss Task ip
2sips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbestet bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c the sentences
Combine c and rewrite c them using c the wordscgiven in the cbrackets. c c
a) The well wassdeep. Therefore, the fox could not get out sof the well. (because)
UNIT
ss iptsips iptsip iptsips iptsips tsip ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e te e te e te e te esteipof eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s Because s
cbcb the wellcwas
s s
bcb deep the cfox
s s
bcbcould not get
s cbcsbout cbcsbs
the well. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
b) The work was over. We went home. (when)
ss ss ips was over,
teiptswork ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip When ethe eteiptipwe went home.
c) A library is a public place. We see a number of books kept there for reading. (where)
A library is a public place where we see a number of books kept for reading.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc c c d) Thec culprit
b bc was caught.
c c Immediately,
b c c he was taken
b c c to the police
b c c station. (asc soon
b bc as) b
cc b
cc
As soon as the culprit was caught, he was taken to the police station. 63
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bc
c boys were stealing
c sb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c from a grove.c At that time, cthe owner of thebcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c grove camecin. (while)
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
e) The mangoes
While the boys were stealing mangoes from a grove, the owner of the grove came in.
ss ss sips ss ss eiptsip
s ptsips to kidney tsips ss ss
eteiptip eteipf)tip Artificially
eteiptflavoured eteiptipare hazardous
juices eteiptipto health.
etMoreover, eteilead
they eteipproblems. eteiptip
(and) eteiptip
Artificially flavoured juices are hazardous to health and they lead to kidney problems.
g)s s Adit has ibeen
s s promoted. sRanjan has been
ss
eteiptip eteiptip Aditbcas eteptip eteiptip
s tiptsipspromoted. (as
s s well as) teiptsips
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbswell as Ranjan bcsbese
cbcsbshas beencpromoted. cbcsbs
e
h) Caesar was declared emperor. The conspirators killed him. (After)
s
besteiptsips s
b esteip tsips After sCaesar
besteiptsipswas declared
sbesteiptsip/shad been
s
b es tsips
teipdeclared s
besteiptsipsthe conspirators
emperor,
s
besteiptsips killedsbehim.
steiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc ccb ccb cc b b
cc b
cc
Task 3
ss Fill
s sin the blanks s s with appropriate
ss correlative
ss conjunctions.
ss ss ss ss ss
c c c c c c
a) She is such an understanding person that everybody likes to be with her.
c c c c
ss b) Suraj ownssboth a typewriter and a computer.

eteiptip e tiptsips
e psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb c) Vani s s s
cbcisbnot only a cgood s
bcb singer but cbcalso c bc
a good dancer. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
d) Amit did not know whether his father met his class teacher or not .
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptipbeg. bcsbesteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs e) I would
cbcsbsrather starve
cbcsbthan c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Writing iptsips
esteiptsips esteiptsips ete e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips teiptsips
Pagee50 e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s cbcsbs b
cc s
b s
Article Writing
ss psip s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
sbesteiptip Task
sestei1t s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip sesteiptip s esteiptip
c bc cbcb c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b
Write an article of 150 words for your school magazine to create an awareness of the dangers
ss posed
s s by indiscriminate
ss use
s sof plastics.sExpand
s the sideas
s given below
s s as notes.
ss ss ss
cbcsbs cbcsbs Notes: cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a. Introduction
ss ss ss ss psips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip (i) bcPlastic
sbestei t decompose eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs – synthetic
cbcsbs material c–bcdoesn’t cbcsbs in soil cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
(ii) Inevitable role of plastic – man’s day-to-day life
s
b esteiptsips s
besteipb.
tsip s Human sbesteiHealth
ptsips Hazard
s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips se
b steiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b b
(i) c cLeeching of plastic
b
c c into foodc c– micro plastic b
c centering food b
c cchain b
cc b
cc b
cc
(ii) Human body’s inability to deal with this unnatural substance
2
ss ss ss s
eiptsip in human sps teiptsips ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip tip (iii) bcReaction
sbesteiptip of micro
bcsbestplastic bcsbesteiptibody andsbe
bc
ill-effects
c c c c c c c c c c
c. Adverse Effects on Plants and Animals
s s (i) Plastic psipparticles choking
psips waterways psip–saffect aquatic psipsanimals esteiptsips
UNIT
ss s psips psips ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc c bc c bc c bc c bcsb
(ii) Ingestion by aquatic and terrestrial animals - blocking of intestines and respiratory passagesc bc c bc cbcsbs
d. Environmental Degradation
ss ss ss iptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip (i) bcManufacturing
eteiptip beste & burning eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsprocess cbcsbs of plastics
cbcs–bspollute atmosphere
(ii) Plastic – non-biodegradable – interferes with soil microorganisms – affects soil fertility
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteipe.
tsip s Conclusion
sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b b
(i) c cSuggestions cfor
c restricted useb
c c – alternativesb b
c cfor one-timec use
c of plastics b
cc b
cc b
cc
64
(ii) Segregation of plastic waste – for recycling
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Introduction
Plastic is a synthetic material. The main problem with the plastic is that it does not decompose in
ss s s ps water
teiptsiblocks s in. Itstipresence
ptosipseep psips sips spoils the sips and the soil s
psipbecomes psips ss
eteiptip eteiptsoil.
i So it even
p
bcsbeseasy sbestei t sbeset
in ethepsoil
sbstei t
psoil
sbestei t sbestei t
barren.
sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs But is itcthat c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
to abolish plastic with a rule against it? It has an inevitable role to play in the life of man. c bc cbcsbs
It has become a part of man’s day-to-day life.
eteiptip eteipHuman eteiptipHazard
Health eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
Though it is useful to man it is a health hazard. The micro part of plastic enters our food. It
becomes like a leech in our food. It produces indigestion problem to aquatic and terrestrial animals. Its
teiptsips t i ptsips psips
sbestei t our body
sps
steipti intestinestiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
bes bsbs presencebinside
cc
e e
cc bsbeblocks
cc bsbeseand respiratory
cc bsbese passages.
bsbese
cc bsbese
cc bsbese cc cc b
cc s
bes
Environmental Degradation
ss s s Manufacturing
ss process s sand burning sofs plastics tpollute
s s atmosphere. s s It is non-biodegradable
ss sos its ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbeseiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip
c c c c interferes
c with soil micro-organism
c c c and
c affects soil cfertility.
c c c c c c c c c c
Conclusion
ss ss sips on plastic sips affect the ss s
teiptsipthe ps public.eBut
eiptsiour
s
teiptsipwe ptsips ss
eteiptip eteipt ip eteiptban
Total eteiptmay eteiptiplivelihood eand facility
etof eteiallow
cannot eteiptip
the plastic to be used as we do now. So we can go for restricted use of plastic. The plastic companies may
be restricted to make one-time use plastics. All the plastic waste should be segregated into different types
ss sips ptsips psips psips psips psips psips psips ss
eteiptip te p
ses and used sfor
i t esteirecycling. sestei t sestei t sestei t sestei t sestei t sestei t eteiptip
Task 2

s
besteiptsips s
b es
sips living tbrings
teiptUrban sbes
s tsips
eiptsip withbsitbesateippossibility sb teiptsips communicable
ofesvarious
s
b esteiptsips diseases.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Now write an article of about 150 words for a leading newspaper on the various ways of
maintaining personal hygiene and sanitation in ordersto ensure a healthy living. Make use of
ss ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsip ptsips ptsips tiptsips ss
bcsbesteiptip e
bcsb sti
e the hints e
bcsb sti
e
given below. e
bcsb sti
e e
bcsb stei e
bcsbstei e
bcsbstei e
bcsb stei
bcsbese bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Hints:
ss tsip s Introductionss s s is next sipsGodliness’ ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipa) eteiptip – ‘Cleanliness
eteiptip eteiptto eteiptip– briefbcexplanation
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
b) Personal Hygiene
ss (i) Frequent washing iof hands & regular bathing ips
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teptsips e teiptsips sbestet
ips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b
cbc s c bcsb s c bcsb s c bcsb
(ii) Brushing of teeth, trimming of nails & hair
s c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
(iii) Wearing clean clothes
b
cc b b
cc b c) Keeping
b
cc b diseases
c c bay
b at
b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
(i) Avoid street food
2
ss ss sips containers ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip tip (ii) bcKeep
sbesteiptfood bcsbesteiptipcoveredbcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c
c c
(iii) Drink boiled water
c c c c c c
(iv) Wash fruits and vegetables in flowing water
UNIT
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs d) Keeping
cbcsbs living areas,
cbcsbs surroundings
cbcsbs and the
cbcsbenvironment
cbcsbclean cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
(i) Disposal of domestic organic waste on a daily basis and hazardous waste in designated places
ss ss ss tsips ptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteip tip (ii) bcRegular
eteiptip sweeping,
eteipmopping eteidusting
and eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
(iii) Disinfection of toilets and bathing areas
(iv) Avoid slittering of public places
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
(v)c cAvoid spitting,b b b
c curinating andc cdefecating incpublic
c b
places c c b
cc b
cc b
cc
65
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
e) Conclusion – Hygiene – a collective exercise – everyone’s involvement and practice, a
must – ensure community – health and happiness – celebrate life
eteiptip eteiptip
eteipa) Introduction eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
‘Cleanliness is next to Godliness’. This adage shows the importance of cleanliness.
Cleanliness is important for healthy life. If we keep ourselves and our place clean we can avoid
ss ss ss sps s
ptsipthe eiptsip
s ptsipskeep ourselves ss sips ss
eteiptip eteiptip many eteiptip Through
diseases. eteiptithe eteiof
practice properetcleanliness weeteican eteiptip physically
eteiptand eteiptip
mentally clean, which really makes us good, civilized and healthy human beings. Cleanliness brings
feeling of physically, mentally and socially well-being and helps to make good personality and thus
s
besteiptsips e
sbstei ptsips
goodsb
ss
esteiptip
impression onsb
others.
ss
esteiptip psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t s
besteiptsips
b
cc cbc cbc cbc cbc cbc cbc cbc cbc b
cc
b) Personal Hygiene
ss ss sps personalteiphygiene
ss s s Mostteiof ss tsips this. s sips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptiOur bcsbes tip is important.
bcsbesteiptip bcsbes ptipthe timebcswe
esteipneglect
b bcsbestWe
eiptsipshouldbwash
csbesteiptour bcsbesteiptip
c c hands
c frequentlycand regular bathing c is necessary
c to maintainc our hygiene.c Then brushing c of teeth c
should be done every day before we take our first food. Cutting of nails an hair is also essential. We
ss s s should always
s s wear clean sclothes.
s ss ss ss ss ss ss
c) Keeping diseases at bay
We should keepsthe diseases away from us.sFor this we should follow certain rules. We
ss teiptsips should teiptsipsjunk food ptsip s
teiptsipbe teiptsipfood should tsipskept insclosed
teiptsipscontainers. ss ss
eteiptip e eavoid e teithough they emay tasty. eOur e teipbe e eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsbs cbc b s cbcsbs We cbcsbs
should drink only boiled water. Fruits and vegetables should be washed in flowing water before using
them.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
c c d) Keeping b
cc b
living areas,
c c surroundings b
cc b
and the
c cenvironment b
c c clean b
cc b
cc b
cc
Our living areas and surroundings should be kept clean. Domestic organic waste should be
ss s s disposedteipof
s on
s daily basis. s sThe health shazardous
s waste s sshould beteiptkept
s s in the designated
ss places ssos ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbes tip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbes ip b sbesteiptip b sesteiptip
b b sbesteiptip
c c c c that
c it would not disturb
c c c anyone.c Our area should
c c be swept, moped
c c c and dusted
c regularly. Disinfection
c c c c c
lotion should be used in the toilets and bathing area. Littering of public places should be avoided. We
ss s s should avoid s sspitting, urinating
s s and defecating
ss in publics splaces. teiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs e) Conclusion
Hygiene is a collective responsibility and it is a collective exercise. Everyone’s involvement
ss ss ss teiptsips a healthy sips happy community
ss s
teiptsipcelebrate s
teiptsiplife. ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip is needed.
eteiptipIf we caneensure eteiptand eteiptip weecan eour eteiptip eteiptip
Suggested Topics:
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips1. Importance
s
b esteiptsips of Physical
sbesteiptsips Exercises
s
besteiptsip/s Sports
s
b es
ps
eiptsiGames
t& s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Health is wealth. We keep guards to protect our wealth from thieves. Similarly we should protect
2
ss s
ourethealth s
eiptip frombsdisease.ss eiptsip
s guardstipour
ss s
teiptsiphealth teiptsips without sps ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bc s
b s c esteiptip Physical
b bcsbestexercise bcsbesetip health.
bcsb
Good
es b
is e
csb
impossible
s bcsbesteiptiproper exercise.
c c Physical exercise
c prevents the c attack of disease.
c c some diseases
There are c which can bec cured through c physical c
exercise.
UNIT
ss iptsips Different sips ss ss s

eiptsip theirbphysicalss sps ss ss
eteiptip ete eteiptpeople eteiptip exercises.
do different eteiptipIt dependsetupon eteiptip constitution
eteiptiand their eteiptip
likings. eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Morning walk and evening walk are recommended for all. But those who have weak constitution are advised
not to go for gymnastics.Free-hand exercises can be easily practiced by all. In villages, some rural sports are
ss ss ss teiptsips monkey-dancess ss s
eiptsip climbbstrees ss teiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptipThosebcinclude
played. eteiptipkho-kho, ekabadi, eteiptip onbcstrees
eteiptipetc. Youngetboys eteiptipto collect efruits. eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bs cbcsbs c cbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
These kinds of games and habits serve for exercises. Boating and riding are also good examples of exercise.
Playing football, hockey and cricket in school and college has become very popular. In old age, people should
s
b esteiptsips adopt psips
sestei tmorning walk
psips
sestei tin order tosekeep
sps
steipti themselves ptsips
sestei active.
psips
sestei t
psips
sestei t
psips
sestei t
psips
sestei t s esteiptsips
b
cc cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb b
cc b
66
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip b
c csb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip b csb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Mental work hasc increased for cmodern man. c He does more cmental work andc less physicalc work. In c
this way he ruins his body. He becomes an easy victim to different ailments. Only physical exercise can help him
ss teiptsipshealthy.sbeItsteiisptsiapsmatter sof
in being s teiptsipsfor physical ps s s decreasing. ss tsips ss
etgrief
eiptsip that theescope
sexercise is gradually
eteiptip csbes in preparing steipti
bcsbepaying esteiptip esteiptip Studentsesteipare eteiptip
cbcsbs cbbusy cbc for competitive cbcbsexaminations. cbcsbsThey arecnot c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
attention to their health. They believe that cbcsbs
only good food can keep them healthy. But it is a wrong idea. They can be healthy and strong” in true sense,
ss if they
tiptsipdos regular physical
tiptsips exercise. tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eteiptip
Swami Vivekanada says, “you can be nearer to God by playing football rather than by reading the Gita”.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips se
b steiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
2.c Travel
c b
and cits
c Benefits c c b b
cc b
cc b
cc
While travelling we have first hand knowledge about thesplace we are travelling. We actually see thes
ss ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsip ptsips ptsips teiptsip ss
bcsbesteiptip bc s
b e
placestei with ourbcsbe
ownstei eyes, andbcsbe
its
sti
ememory stays
bcsbestei with us bcsbeste
throughout
i our bcsbe
life.
steiFor example
bcsbestei
reading about
bcsbesOoty bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
may be entertaining and appealing, but visiting Ooty in person will surely be thousand times more entertaining
and gratifying. Standing on the tallest peak Doddabetta, roaming in the botanical garden, boat ride in the
ss teiptsips tsipsand coffee tiptsips teiptsipswill fill you tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip bPykara
csbes lake, visit steiptea
bcsbeto bcsbese plantations,
bcsbesetc. bcsbesewith ineffable
bcsbesethrill. bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs c c c c c c c c cbcsbs
Traveling is wonderful in many ways. As we travel we meet more new people, and come across
ss different cultures, and lifestyles. With all the newness in our life, we are also p opened to newps insights, outlook
eteiptip teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips tei tsips tei tips tiptsips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b
cband
es
c perception s
b es
cbcof the world sbes
cbcand living, which s
b es
cbc often gives s
b es
cbc us a new purpose
cbcse
bs for our sbes bcsbese
cbclives. While ctravelling, cbcsbs
we have to be prepared for unplanned emergencies and schedules. We have to make arrangements for our

travelling,sps lodging and spsboarding. This spsmakes us more sps organized and sps self-reliant.sps
esteiptsips eteipti pi
sbestei t
pi
sbestei t
pi
sbestei t
pi
sbestei t
pi
sbestei t
pi
sbestei t
pi
sbestei t
sps sps
e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cb csbs c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
At home we are always living in the cocoon of comfort, luxuries, and protection among our loving
b
cc s
b s
and caring family members; we generally take them for granted. We are usually not appreciative of their love
ss s
teiptsipHowever,
foreus. teiptsipswe spend ptsips away from s
shome, ss sips we don’t ss teiptsips ss
bcsbesteiptip b csb s bcsbewhen
s bcsbesteitime bcsbesteiptip especially
bcsbesteiptip in a bplace
csbesteiptwhere bcsbesteiptiphave the
bcsessame
b bcsbesteiptip
c c luxuries readily c available to cus, we becomecmore aware and c appreciativec of the luxuriesc we have backcat home. c
While travelling we find our general outlook on life widened exceptionally; we realize that this
ss s s teiptsips and we eiptsip
s
eiptsip
s s
teiptsipwe ss sips ptsips ss
eteiptip vastt i pt i p
e eworld is our ehome etbecome moreetconscious ofehow can eteiptip
harmoniously eteiptand
live supporteteione eteiptip
another. And in that knowingness and state of consciousness, we extend our sympathy and support to the
less privileged. While travelling we make new friends at the new place and carry their memories home. Thus,
ss ss ps
teiptsiinhabitants eiptsip
s sips start feeling ss s
eiptsipmembers tsips big family sips ss
eteiptip eteiptip makes
travelling ethe etinterconnected.eteiptWe eteiptipourselvesetas eofteipone eteiptof eteiptip
mankind living on one home planet. This makes life more wonderful.
s In conclusion s it can be said that travelling is one of sthe most precious gifts of life, and we must
s
b esteiptsips esteiptitsipand
relish
s
b enjoy
s
b es sbesteiptsips
eiptsipsundry blife-transforming
tits sbesteiptsips
benefits. s
besteiptips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc cc b
cc ccb b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc
“The world is a book and those who sdos not travel read only one page” - Augustine
2
ss ss tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip ee ee tiptip ee ee ee ee esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb
3. Water Conservation UNIT
ss iptsips Water s
tisiptasipprecious sips MotherteiNature
ptsips to allesthe s beingstipon
tiptsipliving tsipsearth. We s
ptsipunderstand tsips ss
eteiptip este
bcsbese
gift
tiptfrom
bcsbese bcsbes bcsb e bcsbese
tiall
bcsbese
tipthe
bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs csb
cbimportance c c c c c c
of water in our lives and could not imagine life without water. Human beings, animals, trees, plants, c cbcsbs
insects, and other living things depend on water for survival.
ss ss ss ss ss tiptsips ss teiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip Thebcsb
esteiptip of water
eteiptip esteiptip bcsbese the processeteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cb csbs c balance cbcsbs on earthcb
iscsbmaintained
cthrough cbcsbs of rain cand
bcsbesevaporation.
cbcsbThree- cbcsbs
fourth surface of the earth is covered by water; however it contains very less percentage of the clean water
which is fit for human use. So, the problem is with the scarcity of clean water and if the quantity of clean water
s
b esteiptsips s
b steiptsips then sitbesmight
decreases
e teiptsipscreatesbmajor
esteiptsipsissues in
s
b esteiptsips We should
future. s
b es
s
teiptsipjoin ourbhands
sbes
s
teiptsiptogethersband
es
ps a pledge
teiptsitake s
bes ips
teiptsof sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb ccb cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
using water according to the need without wasting it. We should also avoid the contamination of water by not 67
throwing medicines or oils in water outlets. We should save water from being polluted and avoid the mixing of
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip b csb
ss
esteiptip bc
c industrial wastessb
ss
esteiptip b
c into the water.csb
ss
esteiptip
c There should bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c be proper waste
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c system which bcsb
ss
esteiptip b
c must be followed
c csb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
management by
everyone.
ss iptsips In conclusion
tiptsips cleansbewater
tiptsips teiptsips component
tiptsips of life, tiptsips eiptsip
s tiptsips ss
eteiptip sbeste
bcsbese bc se is a cvery
bcsbesessential bcsbese bcsbessoe we needbcsto
bestconserve water
bcsbesefor eteiptip
cbcsbs cbthe
c c c c c c
future safety. Clean water is not only a necessity of human beings but it is also important for the survival
c cbcsbs
of other species. If we save water we will also be helping other species to survive on earth and help preserve
ss psips psips psips psips psips psips psips psips ss
eteiptip theestbiodiversity
s ei t sofestaei tplace. sestei t sestei t sestei t sestei t sestei t sestei t eteiptip
“To a thirsty man, a drop of water is worth more than a sack of gold.”
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b b
c c 4. Child Labour
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc

ss sips Child labour has become as biggest socialsissue in Indiaswhich needs to
ptsips of the sip ptsip It should sip ps
be solved onsregular basis.s
ptsieliminated eiptsipall the bparents, s ss
bcsbesteiptip It
bcsbis
esti
e pnot
t the bcsbestei
responsibility bcsbesti
e ptgovernment
bcsbesti
eonly. bcsbestei ptbe solvedbcsand
bestei
bcsbestby csbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
employers and other social organizations. It is the issue concerning everyone which should be solved personally
as it can happen with the child of any person.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss iptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip In bmany
eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip esteiptip because
eteiptip eteiptip beste of eteiptip
cbcsbs cb csbs c csbs developing
cbcsbcountries cbcsbslabour is very
child cbcsbcommon cbcsbs of the existence
cbcsbs of high
cbcslevel cbcsbs
poverty and poor schooling opportunities for the children. The highest incidence rate of the child labour is still
ss more than s 50 percent in
s which children of age group 5 to 14 ares working in the sdevelopingtipcountry. The rate
eteiptip of e teiptsiplabour
child ise teiptsipin
high the e teiptsips fieldsbewhich
agricultural teiptsipsis mostlye ptips
teifound in the e teiptsipand
rural e
informale
s
tsipurban economy
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbc s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs
where most of the children are predominantly employed into the agriculture work by their own parents instead
of sending them to the school and keeping them free to play with friends.
b
cc b c c
b b The
c c issue of the
b b c cchild labourchas
b b bc now beenc can international
b b b c c concern as
b b c cit alarminglyc leads
b b bc b to b
cc b
crippling the growth and development of the country.
ss te ss tsips ss ss s sips child labour ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesiptip Healthy
bcsbesteipchildren are tthe
bcsbeseiptipbright bfuture
csbesteiptipand power
bcsbestof
eiptsipany country.
bcsbesteiptThus bcsbesteiptip is damaging,
bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c spoiling and destroying
c the cfuture of the children
c and finally
c the country. c c c c
ss ss s s “Little ones s sare destroyed s swhen childteiplabour

s s is employed.”
ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e tip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
5. Mobile Phone – Advantages & Disadvantages
ss ss ss ss ss ss teiptsips tiptsips tsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip Nowadays,
eteiptip the mobile
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip bcsbesebenefitscto esteipbut eteiptip
cbcsbs cb csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs phone plays
cbcsbsa major role
cbcsbins our lives,cbwhich
csbes brings cmany bcsbus cbcsbs
also contains some drawbacks. Generally, the mobile phone brings about a lot of advantages. First of all, the
mobile phone is considered the quickest means of communication in our daily life. We can contact easily our
s
b esteiptsips friends
s
be s
s our relatives
teiptsipand s
b esteiptsips wherever
s
b es
sips are by tcalling
teiptthey sbes
s
eiptsip or sending
sbes
s
teiptsipmessages.
sbes eiptsip
tSecond, s the mobile
sbesteiptsipsphonesbis
es ptsips
teialso sbesteiptsips
b
cc b b
c ac means of entertainment
cc b
c cpeople. We ccan bc listen to music b
c c and play cgames bc b
c c phone. Moreover, b
cc b
cc
for on mobile by
using the latest apps for smart phones, we can access the internet to watch film and check our profile in social
2
ss networks s s and update s status twherever

sour ss we are. s sIf we have s
as smartphone s shand, ourteistudying
in ss becomes ss ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbeseiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbes ptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip
c c c more effective
c c such as looking
c c up dictionary,
c c and finding
c c out many source
c c c of reference
c on internetc which is
c c c c
useful for studying.
UNIT
ss iptsips On the ptsips hand, e sips phone psips psips psips psips psips ss
eteiptip este
sbesteiother sbthe
steiptmobile sbestei thas alsocbmany
sbestei tdisadvantages.
sbestei t First, ctelephone
sbestei t users become
sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs csb
cbaddicted c bc c bc c bc c c bc
to their mobile phone. Moreover, the ability of human communication is limited if the mobile phone bc c bc cbcsbs
is more present in some event such as class meetings, on the bus, in the park etc. Some people only focus on
ss theirtip
phones withouttipcommunicating.
ss sWes should tnot suse
s mobiletphone
s s while we are
s sdriving because
s s it can cause ss ss
eteiptip etsip e etip eteiptip e eiptip e eiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs csbes accidents.
cbtraffic cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
In conclusion, mobile phone is necessary for our modern life today. However its usefulness depends
esteiptsips s of using
iteptsipways
oneour ss
eteiptipit. It will be ptsips if we euse
eteibetter teiptsiitpsfor goodepurpose
teiptsips and inete s
iptsipappropriate
an tsips
eteiptime.
ss
b
cc s
ccsb s
68
“Cell phones are so convenient that they’re an inconvenience.”
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12bcsb
ss
esteiptip
6. Consumerism –cWants & Needs c c c c
ss The basicsneeds of life are food, water, sshelter, and oxygen. They aresthe four materials required for
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptsips e tiptips
e e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbhuman
s
cb s life tocb
bes s
cbsustained.cHowever, s
bcb s as the s
cbcbhuman mind
s cbchas s
b evolved cmore
s s
bcb in the past
s s cbcsbshave
cbcbcentury, people
s cbcsbs
become more materialistic, and wants have become a necessity. As life progresses, new and better materials
come out, which the mind
ss ptsips sips will latch onto as a want, sand it will readsthat want as as need. People sin the twenty-s
tsips it comes s iptsip psip s tiptsip ss
eteiptip e
first teicentury are e
theteiptguiltiest of e teipwhen
all eteiptip beste sbesteiitt is becomingeteiptip bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbc s
b s cbcsb s cbc sb s cbcsbs to be toocbcsmaterialistic,cbcand cbcsbs a major cissue. cbcsbs
The human mind interprets information, and then does whatever it can do with that. When someone
teiptsips looks teiptsip itemsbe
at san after
teiptsiphaving
s used teiptasipprevious
s version
teiptsips of it (an teiIPhone
ptsips for example),
teiptsips most people
teiptsips will instantly
teiptsips teiptsips
b s
bes b sbes b s b sbes b sbes b sbes b sbes b sbes b sbes b s
bes
cc c think
c that they c cwant it just cbecausec it is ‘better’
c c or just because cc it is new.
c c The line betweenc c want and c cneed is cc
broken in most minds like this. Considering that the person just does not need a bigger screen to do the same
tasksiptthey
sb
ss
esteiptip sb te sips did before,
esclothes, sb teiptsiphe
esand
s could just
sb
bring
eiptsip
estluxury
s it closer
sb teiptto
eworld.
s
sipshis face. The
sb
line
eiptsip
estthat
s is not drawn
sb
s s just for electronics,
esteiptip to survive,
sb
sps
esteiptinot
but ialso
sb
tsips
estepare sb
ss
esteiptip
c bc c for
bc food,
c bc any other
c bc in the
c bc Granted
c bc foodcis
bcneeded c bc all cfoods
bc c bc
needed. An example of that is someone choosing between salad and pizza, because most go for the greased
up pile
ss
eteiptip e teiptsipofs breadsande teiptscheese
ips instead
e t eiptsipofs the nutrient
e teiptsiprich
s salad t(without
e eiptsips dressing,
e teiptsipof
s course).tipWants
e e tsips andseneeds teiptsips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbonly s
cb come upcbjust s
cb because cthere s s
bcb is some kind s s
cbcbof materialcbcoming s
cb s up now s
cbcand s
b then cbcb s s cbcbs cbcsbs
If people are too drowned in this mindset it will take decades if not centuries to get out of it, and
ss beeback s s
on tracketo sips reality ofteipits
iptthe s
tsipsituation. teiptsips are buying s
psipgoods sipsnot need,teihoarding
psips sips ss
eteiptip p
tei t i p
bste they are bes luxuries esPeople sbestei t
they pdo
sbestei t sbes t
them pfor
sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs csbs use and
cbfuture cbcsthen cbcsusing cbcsbthat c bc c bc c bc
are to be better used elsewhere. Minds in this country are c bc cbcsbs
forgetting what the true meanings are there for want and need, switching around wants to the word need, and

s
besteiptsips thente
s
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This is how slowly and gradually, step by step the moral lessons can be taught. Education without values is a
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Write an essay of about 200 words each.
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has been since my primary school days. I have always had a fascination for computers. I love playing computer
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2
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have a sense of logic, commonsense and a mind that can think in many dimensions simultaneously and the
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UNIT
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I am well aware of the pros and cons of becoming an IT engineer. A software professional has to
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ENGLISH
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Success depends on judicious choice.
2. The importance of a balanced diet
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71
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Our Casuarina Tree
- Toru Dutt
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You visit your school after several years. As you cross the banyan tree at the entrance, cheerful
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POEM - Our Casuarina Tree
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2
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bcsbetree’s
p esteiptip
c bcsb cbseen
csb sitting on cbcthe
sb crest of cthe bcsbtree seeingcbthe csb sunrise with cbcsbher youngercbones csb leaping cand bcsb playing incthe c bcsb
boughs. The shadow of the tree appears to fall on the huge water tank. Toru Dutt says that it is not because
of the majestic appearance of the Casuarina Tree that it is dear to sher heart and ssoul, but also s that she alongs
UNIT
ss tsipssiblingssespent
iptsipshappy moments iptsips underseit. tsips Dutt shas tsip iptsiptheme ofsenature iptsip as something s ss
eteiptip e
with teipher te e te teipToru e teipbrought out e te
the te eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s cbcb s cbcbs s cbcb s cbcb s s
cbcb s cbcb s cbcsbs cbcsbs
that shares feeling with humans that lightens the burden on the heart. The poet continues with a description
of how strong the image of the tree is, even when in lands far away. Even in France and Italy (where the poet
ss teiptsipsshe can ss ss ss ss teiptsipsmemory ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptipwishes bto esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbstudied),
csbes cbcsbshear the tree’s cbcsbslament. The cbcsbpoet c csbconsecrate cthe
bcsbestree’s cbcsbsand importance cbcsbs for cbcsbs
the sake of those who are now dead - and looks ahead to death, hoping that the tree be spared obscurity (or
that no-one will remember it).She immortalizes the tree through this poem like how Wordsworth sanctified the
s
b esteiptsips Yew
sbes ptsips of Borrowdale.
teitrees sbesteiptsips She says sbes tsips love sdefend
teip“May besteiptsipsthee from s
b es ptsips
teiOblivion’s sb s teiptsipsexpressing
curse’”-
e sbes tsipswish that
teipher sbesteiptsips
love sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb ccb ccb b
cc ccb ccb b
cc
72 shield her tree against the curse of forgetfulness, that the tree be remembered out of love and not because it
cannot be forgotten.
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Glossary Page 54
cbcsbs cbcsbs gallantly
cbcsbs - bravely
cbcsbs or heroically
repose - a state of rest
casement s- s a type of
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip eteiptip tiptwindow
sips that iis
eteptip
sfixed
s on onetipside
sbeset
sips and opens psilike
sbestei t
ps a dooreteiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs baboon cbcsbs - a ctype bcsbesofe large monkey
cbcsbs found incbcAfrica c b
and Asiac cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
kokilas - a type of bird similar to the cuckoo
s
besteiptsips s
b es tsips
teipwend s
b esteiptsips strollsbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc cbc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
hoar - white frost deposits on the tree
enmassed - amassed s
ss ptsips ptsips s ss ss ss ss ss ss
e shingle bcsbestei
- rocky
c c c c c c c c c c
wraith - apparition
ss tranced
ss s- s dreamyteicondition,
ss hypnotised
ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e ptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs sublime cbcsbs - glorious,
cbcsbs grand cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
fain - eagerly
eteiptip eteipconsecrate eteipti- p to officially
eteiptipmake bsomething
eteiptip holybcsbesteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
lay - amateur

rehearse - repeat s s
sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptip s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b c c oblivion c c
b b b b - a cstate
bc of forgetfulness
b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
ss 1. Fill
sipsin the blanks choosingsthe words from the box s given and complete the summary of the
esteiptip esti
e ppoem.
t esti
e ptsips esti
e ptips estei ptsips estei ptips estei ptsips esteiptsips e steiptsips ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
The casuarina tree is tall and strong, with a creeper winding around it like a (1) python. The tree
ss sips like atei(2) s ps psflowers.eBirds
psipssurround psipsgarden and sips sweet song psipofs ss
eteiptip eteiptstands psipgiant
sbes t
withteaps
sbesi t
icolourful scarf psiof
sbestei t sbstei t
the
sbestei t
pthe
cbcsbs cbcsbs the birds cbcis c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
heard. The poet is delighted to see the casuarina tree through her (3) casement. She sees a c bc cbcsbs
grey monkey sitting like a (4) statue on top of the tree, the cows grazing and the water lilies (5) springing
ss ss ptsipspoet feels tsips the tree ps to heretnot
eiptsidear
s
eiptsipfor itsb(6) eiptsip
s ss ips
teiptsthe ss
eteiptip eteiptinipthe pond.
eteiThe eteipthat etis etimpressive eteiptip
appearance but efor eteiptip
(7) nostalgic memories of her happy childhood that it brings to her. She strongly believes that (8) nature
communicates siwith human beings. sips The poet sipcould communicate with the sipstree eventeiwhen
sips she wasteiptinsipsa
e teiptsips e tei ptsips
e tei pt ps e tei pt e tei pt s
e tei ptsips
e tei pt e pt teiptsips
b
cc s
b s cbcsbs far-off cland
bcsbsas she could s the tree
cbcsbhear s lamenting
cbcsb(9) s absence.
cbcsbher bs poet (10)
cbcsThe s
cbcsbconsecrates csbestree’s
cbthe b
ccsbes
memory to her loved ones, who are not alive. She immortalizes the tree through her poem like the poet
2
ss Wordsworth
ss who s s(11) sanctified s sthe yew tree s ofs Borrowdale s ins verse. She sexpresses
s her swishs that thetiptree
ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesetip bcsbesteiptip
c c should cbe remembered c out of love and c not just because c it cannotcbe (12) forgotten. c c c
python statue s nature s casement nostalgic lamenting

UNIT
ss iptsips iptsips s iptsip s
iptsip iptsips iptsips ss ss
eteiptip e te e te eteiptip beste e te e te e te eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s impressive
s
cbcb s cbcsbs
forgotten cbcsgiant s
cconsecrates
s
bcb s s
cbcb springingcbcb sanctified
s s cbcsbs cbcsbs
2. Based on your understanding of the poem, answer the following questions in one or two sentences
ss ss ss psips psips psips psips psips psips ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip sestei t sestei t sestei t sestei t sestei t sestei t55
Page eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs each. cbcsbs cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcsbs
a) What is the creeper compared to?
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips The creeper
s
b esteiptsipsis compared
s
b esteiptsip s
to a python.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
73
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip b
c does the creeper
c csb
ss
esteiptip b csb
ss
esteiptip
c on the tree? c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
b) How appear
The creeper has wound itself around the rugged trunk of the casuarina tree, like a huge python. The
ss ss s
eiptsipleft deep teiptsips on thesbetrunk
teiptsipsof the tree. ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip creeper
ethas emarks eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbc s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
c) Describe the garden during the night.
ss sips During the sipnight

s a birdtip produces
sips sweet sound
sips whichteipistsiplike
s a song.tiptItsipgoes
s on as it has
sips no end.teiptsips ss
eteiptip e tei pt tei pt
bes the poet e e t sbesteipt e e e e tei pt e eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs d) How cbcsdoes cbcsbsspend hercbcwinter? cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
She looks through the window. Mostly in winters a gray baboon is seen sitting on the crest of the tree
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips seeingsbe
the
steiptsisunrise
ps withtip
sbes eher
tsipsyounger
sbe
ones
steiptsipsleapingsband
esteiptplaying
sips in the
sbesteiptree’s
tsips boughs.
s
b esteipThe
tsips shadow
s
bestof
eiptsthe
ips
s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc treeb
c cappears to fall b b
c con the hugecwaterc tank. c c b b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
e) Name the bird that sings in the poet’s garden.
ss ss tsipssimilarsetosteipcuckoo
tsips sings ps poet’s egarden.
eiptsithe teiptsips ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip Kokila,
bcsbesateipbird bc b bcsbestin bcsbs bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
f) Why is the casuarina tree dear to poet’s heart?
ss Toru Dutt says that it is not because of the majestic appearance of the casuarina tree that it is dearspto
eteiptip e tiptsips
e e teiptsips e tiptsips
e e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e tiptsips
e eteipti
s ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s s s
hercbheart
cb and soul, s
cbcbuts
b becausecb s
she s
cb along withcbchers s
b siblings spents s
cbcb happy moments s s
cbcb under cit.bcsbs cbcsbs
g) Does nature communicate with human beings?
ss ss ss ss sps ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip Yes,bcnature
eteiptipcommunicates
eteiptip with human
eteiptibeings. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
h) What has Wordsworth sanctified in his poem?
teiptsips tei ptsips Wordsworth

ti
e ptsipshas sanctified
tei ptsipsthe Yew trees
tei ptsipof
s Borrowdale.
teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b s
bes b s
b es b sbes b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b sbes b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es
cc c c i) Tocwhom c does cToru
c Dutt want c c to consecrate c c the tree’s c cmemory? c c cc cc
The poet wishes to consecrate the tree’s memory and importance for the sake of those who are now
ss s s dead. teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbes bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c
j) The casuarina tree will be remembered for ever. Why?
c c c c
The tree will be remembered out of love and not just because it cannot be forgotten. So the tree will
ss ss s s for ever. ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip be remembered
3. Read the lines given below and answer the questions that follow.
ss tsip s “A creeper tiptsips sps tiptsips tiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipa) bcsbese climbs,cbincsbesteipti embraces
whose
bcsbesebound cbcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c
No other tree could live”.
i. Which tree is referred to in thesabove lines?s s

esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptips eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
Casuarina
b is b
cc s
referred
b to in the
b
ccsabove
b c csbs
lines. b b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s
ii. How does the tree survive the tight hold of the creeper?
2
ss ss ptsipsis so strong ss tsipstight hold s creeper.

tsipthe ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bThe
csbesteitree bcsbesteiptipthat it bears
bcsbesteipthe bcsbesteipof bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
iii. Why does Toru Dutt use the expression ‘a creeper climbs’?
Toru Dutt uses the expression because really a creeper climbs on the casuarina tree.
UNIT
ss iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips ss ss ss

eteiptip e te e te e te e te e te e te eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb b) “The s s
b wears cthe
cbcgiant s s s
bcbscarf, and cflowerss
bcb are hung cbcbs s cbcbs s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
In crimson clusters all the bough among----”!
ss ss psips tsips tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteip tip i. bcWho
sbestei tis the cgiant tiphere?
bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs
c c
The casuarina tree is the giant here.
ii. Why is the scarf colourful?

s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s e steiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b b
ccThe
b scarf is colourful
b
cc b because
b
cc bit is made of
cccrimson
b b coloured
b
cc b flowers. b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
74
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c trembling Hope,
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c the skeleton, c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c) “Fear, and Death,
And Time the shadow”, and though weak the verse
ss ss ss s
eiptsip oh, fain teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip Thatbcwould
eteiptipthy beauty
etfain, erehearse, eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
May Love defend tree from oblivion’s curse. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
ss i. Whatsdoes the poet mean by the expression ‘May love sdefend thee sfrom oblivion’s
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s b s
cbccurse?’
s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs
The poet means that the tree should not be forgotten.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteip tsips ii. What
s
b es
s the expression
teiptsipdoes sbesteiptsips s
b es
s
teiptsipconvey?
‘fain’ s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
‘Fain’ means eager so it means that the poet is eager to make the tree holy.
ss s s iii. What sdoes

s the poet s sconvey through s s the expression ss ‘Fear, s trembling
s hope’?
ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip b csbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c The poet hopes c that the memory c of this ctree will live on
c in her poemc as the memory c of trees c
celebrated by Wordsworth has lived on in that poet’s work.
eteiptip eteiptipbcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs
Additional
c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
eteiptip bcsbesethe lines esteiptip below esteiptipanswer esteiptipquestions
cbcsbs cRead cbcsbgiven cbcsband cbcsbthe cbcsbs that follow.

1. “Like a huge Python, winding round and round
s
besteiptsips s
b estei ptsips The rugged
sbes
s
teiptsiptrunk, s
b steiptsipsdeep with
intended
e sbes tsips
teipscars” s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
i. What looks like a python?
ss ss ptsips lookseste
iptsipas python. ss ss ss ss ss ss
csbesteicreeper bcsb
like
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
ii. What did the trunk have on it?
ss The trunk had deep scars on it.

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
esteiptip psips
sbestei t
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb 2. “Whereon s s
cbcb all day care s s
bcbgathered bird cbcsband bee; c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
And oft at nights the garden overflows
ss ss tsips songsethat s
teiptsipseems s close”, tiptsips
teiptsipno ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip Withbcone
eteipsweet to ehave ee eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
i. Who gathered on the tree?
Birdspand bees gathered on the tree.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b estei tsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ii. What happens at night?
At night the garden seems to overflow with a sweet song which has no end.
2
ss tsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips ss ss ss ss
sbesteiptip sbesteip3. sb
“Beneath
es it we have sbes sbes sbes sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip
c bc c bc c bc c played; though
bc c years maycroll,
bc bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
O sweet companions, loved with love intense, UNIT
ss
eteiptip ee tiptsips For yourtisakes,
ptsips shall the
ee tipttree
sips be evertidear”.
ee ptsips
ee
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
i. What did they do under the tree?
They played under the tree.
ss ss psips psips psips psips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sestei t sestei t sestei t sestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs b shouldcbthe
ii. c bcWhy cb tree be cdear
bcb to the poet?
cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The tree should be dear to the poet because of the dear and loved ones with whom he played
teiptsips teiptsips ps tree. eteiptsips
tiptsithe
under tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es bsbese
cc bsbs
cc bsbesecc bsbese cc bsbese bsbese
cc bsbese cc cc b
ccsbes
75
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
4. Explain the following lines with reference to the context. Page 56
ss tsip s “Dearsisestthe s
eiptsipCasuarina ps soul”, eteiptsips
eiptsimy ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipa) etto eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Reference :
ss This line is taken from ‘Our Casuarina Tree’ writtens by Toru Dutt.s s
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptips pip
sbestei t
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b
cbc s c bcsb
Context :
s c bcsb s c bcsb s c bcsb s c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The poet wants to express how important the tree is for her.
s
besteiptsips s
s
b esteiptsips : sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
The poet feels that the tree is dear to her not for its gallant appearance but for the nostalgic
memories ofsher happy childhood that itsbrings to her.Toru Dutt sayss that it is not sbecause of the
ss ptsips ptsip ptsips ptsip ptsips sp sip eiptsip
s ss
e majestic
bcsbesteiappearance
bcsbof
esti
e the Casuarina
bcsbesti
eTree that it
bcsis
bestei
dear to herbcsbesteiptiand
heart soul,
bcsbesteiptbecause
but she
bcsbestalong bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
with her siblings spent happy moments under it.
b)s s “It is the ip
ss
eteiptip eteiptip t tree’s
tsips lament, tian
ptsipeerie
s speech tiptsi------”
ps tiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsbese c bcsbese c bcsbese c bcsbese cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Reference :
This line is taken from ‘Our Casuarina Tree’ written by Toru Dutt.
eteiptip eteiptip Context
The poet imagines that she hears a murmur which is the lament of the tree.
s
besteiptsips s
sbesteiptsips : s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc bc b
c cthat the tree b
c cis dear to her b b
c cnot for its gallant
c c appearance b
c c but for the b
c cnostalgic b
cc
c The poet feels
memories of her happy childhood that it brings to her. The poet laments the loss of loved ones. She
ss ss eiptsip
s consolation ss ss teiptsips to ansbe teiptsips land” ptsipsis nevertheless ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip already
bcsbestimagines bcsbesteiptip forbsuch
csbesteiptaiploss. She
bcsbealludes
s bc
“unknown
s bcsbesteithat bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c
“well-known c eye of faith”cThe murmur which
to the c she imaginesc to hear is likec an eerie speech c which c
means strange and frightening.
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c) “Unto
cbcsbthy b sb b sb
honor, Tree, beloved of those
c c c c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Who now in blessed sleep for aye repose”,
This line is taken from ‘Our Casuarina Tree’ written by Toru Dutt.
Context : sps
s esteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteipti s esteiptsips s esteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b c The
bc poet is eager
b c c to sanctify
b b c cthe memory cofcthe tree.
b b b b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
Explanation :
2
ss ss tsips feels sthat sips tree is dear ss tsipsits gallant tsips s the nostalgic
teiptsipfor ss ss
csb
poet
esteip b c esteiptthe
b bcsbesteiptip to herbcsnot
besteipfor bc s
b esteipappearance
bcsbesbut bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c
memories of herc happy childhood c that it brings c to her. The c poet wishesc to consecratec the tree’s c
memory and importance for the sake of those who are now dead - and looks ahead to death, hoping
UNIT
ss ss ptsipsbe spared tsips ss ss ss ss ss ss

eteiptip eteiptip thatbcthe
eteitree eteipobscurity. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
76
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Additional
ss tiptsips tiptsips psips psips psips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip bcsbese the cfollowing
bcsbese sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cExplain b b
lines with reference to the context.
c c c c c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. “Sometimes, and most in winter,—on its crest
ss ss teiptsips sits statue-like
eteiptip eteiptip A gray ebaboon eteiptip alone”eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
Reference :
This p line is taken from ‘Our Casuarina Tree’ written by Toru Dutt.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b estei tsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc : ccb b
cc ccb ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc
Context
The poet describes what she saw at dawn.
bcsbesteiptip : bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
In the morning she used to look at the tree through the window. She usually enjoyed the sight
ss of the tree.s Sometimes in the winter season a monkeys sat on the tops of the tree. It sat without any
eteiptip e tiptsips
e e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptips e tiptsips
e ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s movement
s
cbcb s so it looked
s s
cbcb like a statue. s
cbcb It was sitting
s s
cbcb there all alone.
s s
cbcb s s
2. “And far and near kokilas hail the day;
ss ss s
teiptsippastures teiptsipsour sleepy tsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip And bto etheir ewend eteipcows”, eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
Reference :

Thisip line is taken from ‘Our Casuarina Tree’ written by Toru Dutt.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b estetsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc : ccb b
cc ccb ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc
Context
The poet describes what she saw through the window
bcsbesteiptip : bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
She describes the casuarina tree and the surroundings. In the morning, she used to look at the
ss tree through the window.spShe usually enjoyed the sight of the tree. She says that the kokilas – birds
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teipti s e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s s
cb s
likecbcuckoo – welcome
s s
cbcb the day cwith s
bcb their songs.
s s
cbcThe
b sleepy cows
s s
cbcb casually went
s s cbcsbs She
cbcb to their pasture.
s cbcsbs
tries to explain that she liked the sight through the window.
ss tsip s “Thatswould ss sips oh, fain trehearse,
psips psips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteip3. esteiptipthy beauty pfain,
sbestei t sbesei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs bc b bc bc
May Love defend thee from Oblivion’s curse”.
c c c c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Reference :
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips This
sbes tsipsis taken
teipline s
b esteiptsips‘Our Casuarina
from s
b esteiptsipsTree’ written
s
bes
s
teiptsipby Toru s
b steiptsips
Dutt.
e s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc ccb ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc
Context :
2
ss s s Theteipoet s s does notteiwant
s s the treeteitosbes forgotten. ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbes ptip bcsbes ptip bcsbes ptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c
c
Explanation :
c c c c c c c
The poet feels that the tree is dear to her not for its gallant appearance but for the nostalgic
UNIT
ss ss tiptsips tiptsips ss ptsipsShe does tiptsips s
teiptsipto tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip memories
bcsbese of herchappy
bcsbese childhood esteiptipit brings
bcsbthat esteiher.
bcsbto bcsbesenot like cthe
bcsbestree be forgotten.
bcsbese eteiptip
She says “May love defend thee from Oblivion’s curse’”- expressing her wish that love shield her tree
c cbcsbs
against the curse of forgetfulness, that the tree be remembered out of love.
ss tsips ptsips ss tsips teiptsips psips psips tiptsips ss
eteiptip esteipIdentify sbestei figure esteiptip used esteipeach csbes extracts sbestei t below sbestei twrite cdown
bcsbesethe eteiptip
cbcsbs c5.
bcsb cbcthe cof speech
bcsb cbcsbin ofcbthe cbcgiven cbcand cbcsbs
answer in the space given below. The first one is done for you.
s
b esteiptsips s
b es tsip s “Like saehuge
teipa) b steiptsipsPython,sbewinding
steiptsips roundsbeand
s
s
teiptsipround s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
The rugged trunk, indented deep with scars”.
77
Simile.
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip b csb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
b) “A c
creeper climbs,c in whose embraces
c bound c c c c c
No other tree could live. But gallantly
ss ss sips the scarf, ss tsipshung.....” ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip The bgiant
eteiptwears eteiptipand flowers
eteipare eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs
Metaphor. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
c) “A gray baboon sits statue -slike alone’’ s
ss ss ss tiptsip tiptsip ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip Simile.eteiptip ee ee eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
d) “The water-lilies spring, like snow enmassed”
s s Simile. teiptsips
esteiptsips eteiptip e
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
e) What is that dirge - like murmur that I hear
cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
Like the sea breaking on a shingle-beach?

bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip tip Simile.
c c c c c c c c c c
6. Answer each of the following questions in a paragraph of 100-150 words.
ss tsip s Describe sips reminiscences
s s of the sips whenteishe
ss tsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipa) eteiptthe eteiptip eteiptpoet, e ptip seesbcthe
eteipcasuarina tree.
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Poem Our Casuarina Tree
ss ss ss Poet Toru Dutt
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip iptsips
beste
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs s s s s
cbc Theme cbc Fond memories
b b cbcsbs about the
cbcstree cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
But gallantly
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b es
s
teiptsipThe giant
sbesteiptsips the scarf,
wears s
b es tsips
teipand flowers
s
b es
are
s
teiptsiphung s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
In crimson clusters all the boughs among,
ss ss sps Dutt begins ss sips Casuarina sps with the sips sips tree. Theteippoet
ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip b csbesteiptiToru bcsbesteiptip the poem,
bcsbesteipt‘Our bcsbesteiptiTree’ bcsbesteiptdescription
bcsbesof
teiptthe
bcses tip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c that the creeper
says c has wound c itself aroundc the rugged trunk c c
of the Casuarina Tree, c
like a huge c
Python. The creeper has left deep marks on the trunk of the tree. The tree is so strong that it bears
ss ss tsips of thesecreeper.
teiptsips The stree ss s
eiptsipbeing gallant, sps possiblyteipbrave,
s s as very sips ss
eteiptip eteiptip the btight
eteiphold eteiptisipdescribed
etas eteiptiand e tip eteiptfew eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
trees could survive in the strangle-hold of this creeper. The poet then goes on to describe the life cbcsbs cbcsbs
that thrives amidst every facet of the tree. The tree is metaphorically said as a giant due to its huge
ss s s tiptsips and boldness.
tiptsips The Casuarina
tiptsips Tree sisbescovered
tiptsips withsbthe sips sips red crimson tiptsips ss
eteiptip p
etei t i p size, strength
bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bc e bc ese
tiptcreeper which tiptbears
flowers. It appears as though the tree is wearing a colorful scarf. Often at night, the garden echoes c c cbcsbs
and it seems to be jubilant and the song (of a nightingale) has no end; it continues till dawn. At dawn
s
b esteiptsips se
bs i
te ptsi p s whensthe
bes
sips opens her
teiptpoet sbes
s
teiptsipwindow she
sbes
s
teipistsipdelighted s
bes tsipsthe Casuarina
teipsee
to s
b esteiptsipsTree. Mostly
sbesteiptsipins winters
sbes tsips
ipgray
ate sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb ccb ccb b
cc ccb ccb ccb b
cc
baboon is seen sitting on the crest of the tree seeing the sunrise with her younger ones leaping and
playing in the tree’s boughs. The shadow of the tree appears to fall on the huge water tank.
2
sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip
c bc c bc c bc c Every reminiscence
bc c bc is coloured
c bc by the way
c things are today
bc c bc c bc c bc
therefore by a delusive point of view.
UNIT
ss ss iptsips iptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip beste nature beste esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs b) How
cbcsdoes cbcscommunicate cbcsbwith c b s
the poet?
c b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs Poet cbcsbsToru Duttcbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Theme Fond memories about the tree
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsiptos their pastures
And sbesteiptsips wendsbour
es
sips
teiptsleepy cows;
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
78 And in the shadow, on the broad tank cast by that hoar tree, so beautiful and vast,
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcs
c begins the cpoem, ‘Our Casuarina
c b
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c the descriptionbcsb
ss
esteiptip
c of the tree. bcsb
c The poet
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Toru Dutt Tree’ with
says that the creeper has wound itself around the rugged trunk of the Casuarina Tree, like a huge
ss ss iptsipscreepersehas ps deep marks ss ss ptsipstree is so ptsips that itestbears s ss
eteiptip Python. The sleft
eteiptip este steipti esteiptip on thebcstrunk
esteiptipof the tree.esteiThe esteistrong eiptsip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs bcsb bc b bcsb b bcsb
the tight hold of the creeper. The tree is described as being gallant, and possibly brave, as very few
trees could survive in the strangle-hold of this creeper. Toru Dutt says that it is not because of the
ss s s majesticteiappearance
ptsips oftip
the
tsipsCasuarina Tree
s s that it is tdear
s sto her heart sand s soul, but ptbecause
sips she talong
eiptsip
s ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbesehappy moments
bes siblings cspent eteiptip eseiptip esteiptip sbesteitheme csbes as eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsher
with cbcsbs undercbit.csbToru cbcsbbrought
Dutt has cbcthe
out ofcbnature cbcsbs
something that shares feeling with humans that lightens the burden on the heart. The poet continues
esteiptsips eteiptsip with a description

s iptsips
ete
of how iptsipstrong
ete
s the image
iptsips of the tree
ete iptsipis,s even when
ete iptsipins lands far iaway.
ete ptsips ete iptsips ete e teiptsips
b
cc s
cc s
b s
“In nature, everything is perfect in its own way.
Trees can be contorted, bent in weird ways, and they’re still beautiful.”
c c c c c c c c c c
c) The poet immortalizes the tree. Elucidate.
ss ss ss ptsips s
eiptsipCasuarina eiptsip
s ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiPoem etOur etTree eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
Poet Toru Dutt
Theme Fond memories about the tree
though weak the verse

That would thy beauty fain, oh, fain rehearse,
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips psips
sestei t May Love
ptsips theeestfrom
sestei defend
psips psips
s ei t Oblivion’scurse.
sestei t s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc cbcb cbcb cbcb cbcb b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
Toru Dutt begins the poem, ‘Our Casuarina Tree’ with the description of the tree. The poet
says thatpthe
s
ss
esteiptip s
ss
esteiptip s estei tsips creepers
has wound itself
teiptsips
ehas
s s
saround
s the rugged
esteiptip on thebcstrunk
s s trunk tof
esteiptipof the tree.
s
ptsithe
eseiThe ps Casuarina
s
Tree,
ptsip
esteistrong
s like atihuge
s eptsip
esbears
s
s
ss
esteiptip
c bc b c bc b Python.
c bc b The creeper
c bc b left deep
c bc marks
b c b c bc b treec is
bc bso that
c bc it
b c bc b
the tight hold of the creeper. The tree is described as being gallant, and possibly brave, as very few
ss ss trees couldspsurvive in thespstrangle-hold of this creeper. Toru Dutt says that it is not because of s the
eteiptip eteiptip e teipti s e teipti s e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs majestic
s s
cbcb appearance s s
cbcb of the Casuarina s s
cbcb Tree that s
cbcbit is dear to
s cbcher s
b heart and
s s
cbcsoul,
sb but because s
cbcb she
s cbcsbs
along with her siblings spent happy moments under it. The poet continues with a description of how
ss ss strong thesimage of the stree is, even when in lands far away. Evensins France ands Italy (where s the
eteiptip eteiptip poet e teiptips she can
studied), e ptips
teihear the e
tree’s
tsips The
teiplament. e iptsips
tpoet
e wishes e
to
ptip
teiconsecrate e
the
tips memory
teiptree’s e ips
teiptand ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbc sb s cbc sb s cbc s
b s cbc s
b s cbc s
b s cbc sb s cbc s
b s cbcsbs
importance for the sake of those who are now dead - and looks ahead to death, hoping that the tree
be spared obscurity. She immortalizes thestree through this
teiptsips teiptsips tei ptsips tei ptsips tei ptsip tei ptsips poem tlike ei ptsiphow
s Wordsworth teip tsips sanctified tei ptsthe
ips teiptsips
b s
b es b s
bes Yewbctrees
sbes of Borrowdale.
b sbes She says b s
b“May
es love defend
b s
be s thee fromb Oblivion’s
s
b es curse’”-
b sbes expressing b her
s
b es wish bsbes
cc cc c cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
that love shield her tree against the curse of forgetfulness, that the tree be remembered out of love
and not because it cannot be forgotten.
2
c c c c c
We immortalize c
things which c to be forgotten.
are about c c c
Poems which stand beyond years immortalized many things
UNIT
ss iptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip beste eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsAdditional cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
ss Answer ss iptsips question ps a paragraphtiptsips of 100-150tiptsips words. tiptsips ss ss ss

eteiptip eteiptipthe following
beste tiptsiin
bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 1. How cbcsdoes c c c
the poet reveal her love for the casuarina tree?

s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc c c Poet c c Toru Duttc c
b b b b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Theme Fond memories about the tree 79
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
But not because of its magnificence
Dear is the Casuarina to my soul:
ss ss ss s s sps tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip t i pt i p
steiptihave played;
bsbese Beneathbitsbewe bsbesethough years
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cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cc cc cc cc cc cbcsbs cbcsbs
Toru Dutt begins the poem, ‘Our Casuarina Tree’ with the description of the tree. The
ss ss psips sps psips iptsipsaroundseitsteilike
ptsipsa python. ptsipstree stands psips ss
eteiptip eteiptip Casuarina
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sbeand
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cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc bc c bc c bc c bc b c
a giant with a colourful scarf of flowers. Birds surround the garden and the sweet song of the birds is
bc c bc cbcsbs
heard. The poet is delighted to see the Casuarina tree through her casement. She sees a gray monkey
s
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s
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b
cc b
cc b
c cfeels that the
poet b
c ctree is dear to c cher not for its b b
c cgallant appearance b
c c but for cthec nostalgic memories ccb of b
cc
her happy childhood that it brings to her. She strongly believes that nature communicates with human
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b bcsbes tip bcsbesteiptip
c c thec tree lamenting c her absence.c The poet consecrates c the tree’s
c memory toc her loved ones, c who are c
not alive. She immortalizes the tree through her poem like the poet Wordsworth who sanctified the
ss s s yew treeteipof
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love and not just because it cannot be forgotten.
c c c c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs
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ss ss sips on earth sipof
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ss First
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s listen to
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1. The poet was tossing in the bed awake because ________.
ss ss sips tsipswas strugglingss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteip tip a) he eteiptworried
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c) it was day time d) he was tired Ans: b) he was struggling to sleep
2.s s The ________

ss
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ss
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a) cmoon cbcsbb) sun cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
c) stars d) meteoroids Ans: c) stars
s
b esteiptsips s
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teip3. sbesteiptsips gave
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c) moon d) sky Ans: c) moon
2
ss ss ss ss ss ss ptsips ss ss ss
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b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip
c c c c 4. ________
c c made
c the poet’s eyelids
c c c droop.c c c c c c c c c c
a) nature b) rosy lips
UNIT
ss s
teipti c) songstei ptsips tsips teiptsips ss ss teiptsips ss ss
d)te
iptiredness
eteiptip Ans: bd)etiredness
s
eteiptip e p e e e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
5. ________ is the title of the poem.
s a) Wonders s b) Midnight Wonderss
ss sip sip sips s ss ss ss tiptsips ss
eteiptip e teip t ti
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pt tei pt eteiptip
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s
b esteiptsips s
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b esteiptsips s
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b
cc b
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80
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b
cc b
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cc b
cc b
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
SUPPLEMENTARY
Life of Pi
- Yann Martel
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
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b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
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ss
Warm upss ss ss ss ss ss ss Page t58
esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip ee iptsips ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb
Imagine you are going on a trek or an adventure. It requires grit and a strong will to survive
the odds and emerge unscathed. Most importantly, you should carry an emergency kit.
of Pi
- LifeTree
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b b b b b b b b b b
POEM - Our Casuarina

cc c c Answerc :c cc cc cc cc cc cc cc
• First - Aid Kit · Whistle · Candles · Lighter · Mobile Phone
SUPPLEMENTARY
ss ss ss iptsips blanket ss ss teiptsips sbesteip·tsipWater
s ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip • Matches
bcsbesteiptip bcsb Warm
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bcsbesteip tip · Slippers
bcsbesteiptip bc
· esBatteries
sb bc bcsesteiptip
bottles
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Summary
ss ss psips psips psips psips psips psips psips ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cb csbs c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
Pi Patel (Irrfan Khan), an immigrant from Pondicherry in India living in Montreal, Canada, is c bc cbcsbs
approached by a local novelist (Rafe Spall) who has been referred to him by his “uncle” believing that Pi’s life
ss story tsips make sips book. Pi sips an extended ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipwould etaeiptgreat eteiptrelates eteiptip tale: eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
His parents had named him Piscine Molitor after a swimming pool in France. He changes his name
to “Pi” (the mathematical symbol,) when he begins secondary school (Gautam Belur), even repeating numerous
s
b esteiptsips digits
s
be s
sips
teiptof pi, because
s
b es
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bof
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sbe s eiptsip
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sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
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and Pi takes an interest in the animals, especially a Bengal tiger named Richard Parker because of a clerical
error. Pi tries to feed thes tiger, endangering himself tos being attacked, and to teachs him the reality of the tiger’ss
2
ss ptsips ptsip ptsips ptsip ptsips ptsip ptsips teiptsip ss
bcsbesteiptip nature
bcsbestei as a bcsb st
carnivore,
e ei Pi’s father,
bcsbestei
Santosh Patel
bcsbestei
(Adil Hussain)
bcsbestei
forces him to
bcsbestei
witness it killing
bcsbest
aei goat. Hebiscsberaised
s bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Hindu and vegetarian, but at 12, he is introduced to Christianity and then Islam, and starts to follow all three
religionssas he “just wants to love God.” When askedsif he is also Jewish, he repliess that he lectures in Kabbalahs
UNIT
ss iptsiuniversity. iptsips iptsips iptsip iptsips iptsip iptsips s ss
eteiptip at e t
thee p e te e te e te e te e te e te eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcbs s cbcbs s cbcbs s cbcbs s cbcbs s cbcbs s cbcbs s cbcsbs cbcsbs
When Pi is 16 (Ayush Tandon), his father decides to close the zoo and move his family to Canada,
andtisell
eptsipthe zoo animals,
tiptsips to ensure tiptasipgood future for
s shis children.teiptsipThey
ss s s s book tpassage s s with their s sanimals (to be
ss ss
eteiptip bcsbese on a cJapanese
csbes in North cAmerica) bcsbese freighter eteiptip csbes eseiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbsold cbcsbsnamed thecbTsimtsum. bcsb bcsb
On board the ship, Pi’s father gets into an
c c c bcsb cbcsbs
argument with the ship’s cook (Gerard Depardieu) when he speaks to Pi’s mother, Gita Patel (Tabu) rudely. One
night,teiptsthe
ips ship encounters
teiptsips a heavy teiptstorm
sips and begins
teiptsipsto sinksbwhile
teiptsipPis is on deck teiptmarveling attthe
teiptsips sips eiptsipstorm.bHe ttries
s s teiptsips
b s
b es b s
b es b sbes b sbes b sbes b es b s
b es b s
b es s
be s eiptsip bsbes
cc c find his family,
c to c c but a crewc member
c c c him into a lifeboat;
throws cc from the c crough sea, checwatches helplessly cc as cc
the ship sinks, killing his family and its crew. 81
c c c c c c c c c c
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b esteiptsips s
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s s
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b
cc b
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip b
c csb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip b csb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c the storm,cPi finds himselfc in the lifeboatcwith an injuredbcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c zebra, and iscjoined by an orangutan,
c
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
After
named Orange Juice, who lost her offspring in the shipwreck. A spotted hyena emerges from the tarp covering
ss half s boat, and
ptsipthe
teiof ps the zebra.
psikills s Pi’s distress,
psipTo psipsthe hyena sips mortallytewounds
palso psips the e psips in aesfight.
orangutan psips ss
eteiptip csbes sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbesi t sbstei t sb tei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbSuddenly c bc c bc c bc c bc
Richard Parker emerges from under the tarp, and kills and eats the hyena. c bc c bc c bc cbcsbs
ss Pi finds emergency foodsand water rations on the boat. He builds a small raft of flotation devices so
eteiptip e ptsips
teihe e ps
teipatsisafe e ips
teiptfrom e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs that
cbc s
b s can stay
cbc sb s
at cbcsb s
distance the
cbcsb s
tiger. cbcsb s cbcsb s cbc s
b s cbcsbs cbcsbs
The lifeboat eventually reaches the coast of Mexico. Finally back on land, Richard Parker stumbles
s
besteiptsips away
s
b es i
te pts
from
i p s Pi
s
b steiptsipsat the edge
andestops
s
b es
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b es
s that
se
b s tsipstiger will
teipthe se
b stturn s
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teipand s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc bc but instead
c him, b
c c he looks into b
c cthe jungle for b
c ca while and cgoes bc in. Pi, tooc weakbc c clies in the sand. b
c c He is b
cc
to follow,
rescued by a group who carry him to hospital, but he weeps that the tiger had walked away without him.
c c Glossary c c c c c c c
Page 64
c
ss tsips sesteiptsips tsips air noisily ss psips ss ss ss ss

eteiptip eteipbelch – t e
e ipexpel eteiptip sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs flotsam c –
bcb cbcsbs debris floating
cbcsbs in a river
cbcor sea cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
tarpaulin –
a heavy waterproof sheet
ss tsips iptsips tsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipincredible ete eteiptip
ipunbelievable
–et e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
conundrum – a riddle
SUPPLEMENTARY - Life of Pi
asphyxiation s s – death due to lack of oxygen s s

esteiptsips e teiptsips eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b s
b s
c c putrid cbcsbs b s
b s
c c – rotting c cbsb s cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
guise – pretence
ss ss
cauldron tipts s – t ip s bowl or
a slarge ss
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bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip b csbese ip bcsbesetip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c splintersc c – a long sharp
c fragmentcof material, often
c wood c c c
plausible – probable, likely,
ss tsips ss tsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip etei ptip
eteipunambiguous ipclear
–et e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
supplication – a humble request, prayer
ss glistened – shone
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip tsips
esteipthe teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
cbc gunnel cbcsbs cbc –s upper edge
s
b cbcsbof bcsbaesboat
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gurgling – a kind of sound when water is drunk fast
s
b esteiptsips 1.s
be s tsips
teipAnswer the
s
b es tsips
teipfollowing s
b steiptsips
questions
e in
sbea
s tsips
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of the story.
a) Describe the pathetic condition of Pi sin the middles of the ocean.
2
ss ptsips ptsips ptsips teiptson teiptsihad sips ptsips ss ss

e Pi became
bcsbestei
an orphan.
bcsbestei
He was hanging
bcsbes ip
an oar.
bcsbesHe p
a tiger
bcsbestineiptfront of him
bcsbesteiand sharksbcsbesteiptip
beneath bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
him. A violent storm was about him.
UNIT
ss b)s s Who was psiRichard

ps Parker?
psips psips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
Richard Parker was a tiger. c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
c) Richard Parker’s survival seemed incredible to Pi. Why?
ss ss s
eiptsip wasbasbe450 ps
teiptsipound sps ss sips ptsipswithstand ptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip Richard
etParker eteiptitiger.
Bengal eteiptipsuch abchuge
Pi bthought eteiptanimal eteinot
could eteithirst eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cc s cbcsbs c csbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
and hunger.
d) Why was the great beast not behaving naturally?
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc The
c cgreat beast cwas
b bc not behaving c c naturally because
b b
cc it mustc have
bc been sedated c c or it suffered
b c c from
b b
cc
82 sea sickness.
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
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b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c was Pi notcafraid of thec hyena?
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
e) Why
Pi was not afraid of the hyena because he had the presence of a huge animal, the tiger.
ss ss ss ss teiptsips water. ss ss ss ss ss
cbcsbs cbcsbs f) Describe
cbcsbs Pi’s struggle
cbcsbs to findcbdrinking
Pi was thirsty and his throat was parched. He was going from place to place in the life boat to find out
water. Finally he saw many tins of water just below the tarpaulin. He slowly moved towards that and
eteiptip e tei pt tookbs eteiptip
three eteiptip hisbcthirst.
tins andbsquenched eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbs c cbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
g) What was Pi’s reaction when he discovered drinking water?
When hepsaw the waterptins they glittered like diamonds. His heartpbegan to pound. He unrolledps the
sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s estei tsips s estei tsips s esteiptsips se steiptsips sestei tsips s esteiptsips sestei tips sesteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b tarpaulin
c c further cand
b b bc took the tins.
b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
h) Why did Pi want to tame Parker?
ss ss ps
teiptsisituation ss s
eiptsip because
s toughness
tsipits ss sips He wanted ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip When
bcsbethe
s bcsbesteiptipto die, bthe
came
csbestanimal bcsbesteipof bcsbesteiptipmay out
bcslive
besteiptPi.. bcsbesteiptipto bcsbesteiptip
c c c Parker to make
tame c it die if thec situation came, c before him.c c c c
i) What saved Pi’s life?
eteiptip eteiptip Richard
eteiptip beste saved Pi’s esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbsParker, the
cbcstiger cbcsblife. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
j) How did Pi reunite with his family?
ss s s At the end shes left the tiger
s sin a jungle. A
s ship
s cametito shim
s and hetireunited
ss with his s family.
s ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e eptip e eptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
2. Answer the following questions in about 50 words.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteipa)
tsip s Howsdid
besteiptthe
sips presence
s
b esteiptsiof
psRichard
s
b esteiParker
ptsips helpestPi?
sb eiptsip
s
sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
Pi cwas
c not afraidc of bc other animals b
c c because of b
c cthe presence b b
c cof Richard Parker.
c c The tiger b
c cwas not b
cc
behaving in the usual way. It was because it might have been sedated or it suffered from sea sickness.
ss s s He had tthe sipwill
s to live tbecause
tsips of sthe presence
ss of Parker. s s He made him
s s not to think s too
s much tabout ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip the btragic
csbeseiptincidents bcs eseiphis
and
b family.
bc esteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcseseiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
b) Describe the lifeboat.
ss ss psips ptsipsa half deep, psips s
eiptsip and twenty psips psips psips ss
eteiptip eteiptip Thebclifeboat
sbestei t was cthree
sbestei and sbestei t eightcfeet
sbestwide sbestei t six feet long.
sbestei t The lifeboat
sbestei twas eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc c bc bc c bc c b
designed to carry thirty two people. Everything in the lifeboat was painted orange. It had tarpaulin,c c bc cbcsbs
life jackets, lifebuoy and oars. The words Tsimtsum and Panama were painted on either side of the
ss ss teiptsipsRomansbecapital.
teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bowbcineblack eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbc s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
c) How did Pi feel after drinking water?
Pi was suffering from thirst. His throat was parched. He went from place to place to find out water.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips Finallysbeshe sips tins ofteipwater
teiptfound s
b es tsips under
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With sbesteiptsipshe opened
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b
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water. He was delighted and it brought him hope, surprise, disbelief, thrill and gratitude.
d) Did Pi want Richard Parker to die? sAnswer, giving reasons. s s
2
ss ptsips ptsips ptsips ptips ptsips ss sps ss
e Firstbche
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asti
esituation to
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c c c c c c c c c c
first. Then he realised that a part of him was glad about Parker and that part did not want Parker to
die because sif it died he would be left alone.
UNIT
ss iptsips iptsip iptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e te e te e te eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
bcb Answercbin
c3. s s
cb a paragraph. s
cbcb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) How did the presence ofsRichard Parker influencesthe attitude sof Pi?
ss teiptsips teiptsips teiptsip teiptsips s s ss ss ss
eteiptip e e e e esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
cbc s
b s
cbchis way to Canada
Pi on s
b s
cbc – ship wrecked
cbcsb s cbcsbin
– escaped cbcs–bstiger, orangutan,
a life boat cbcsbs zebra, hyena
cbcsbs – left cbcsbs
only with tiger – a protection to him – seemed sedated – seasickness –other animals fear of bigger
animal – p brought Pi peace – wanted tops tame him – tiger should diepfirst – his lovepfor tiger – wanted
s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s estei tsips s esteiptsips s estei tips s esteiptsips s estei tsips s estei tsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b to clive
bc with tiger c c
b b b b
cc b ccb b b
cc b ccb b b
cc b b
cc b
83
c c c c c c c c c c
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
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c bcsb
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esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
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ss
esteiptip
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ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Title Life of Pi
Author Yann Martel
ss ss ss ss iptsips of saesboy s
teiptsipon sps tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip beste esteiptiwith bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbTheme cbcsAdventures cbcb a life
cbcsbboat actiger cbcsbs cbcsbs
‘Life of Pi’ is an abridged version of the famous novel titled ‘Life of Pi’ written by Yann
ss ss Martel. Pi teiptwas
sips on his way stos Canada with s shis father,teimother
s s and animals iptsips of hisszoo. sBut
s unfortunately ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip csbes was wrecked eteiptip eteiptip e ptip beste he had eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs thecbship cbcsbsand Pi escaped
cbcsbs in a lifeboat.
cbcsbsIn the same cbcslifeboat cbcbastiger named cbcsbRichard cbcsbs
Parker, an orangutan, a zebra and a hyena. At the end he was left with the tiger. Parker’s presence
was a protection for himspfrom other animals. It behaved as if it was sipssedated tand it
s sufferedtip from
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips esteiptsips Othersbanimals
seasickness.
sb esteipti s were ssilent
e
b s
s
teiptsipbecause sbes
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sbes tsips
ethat s
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b
cc b
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cc b
cc b
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Parker calmed him down. He says that one who scared him brought him peace. He wanted to tame
him. His attitude was that he tiger should die first. But suddenly he realised that part of him loved
ss ss ptsipsdid not want
tiptsips sps sps sps tiptsips tiptsips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip sbestei He
the btiger. bsbese to be left steipti So he
bsbealone. steipti to live
bsbewanted steipti the tiger.
bsbewith bsbese bsbese b sbesteiptip
c c cc cc cc cc cc cc cc c c
Adventures start where plans end.
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs b) Water
cbcsbsis the elixir
cbcsbof c b sb c b sb c bcsb c b sb
life. Substantiate the statement with reference to the story of ‘Life
c c c c bcsb cbcsbs
of Pi’.
ss ss tsips to Canada psips tsipszoo – ship ptsips psips with few ptsips psips ss
eteiptip eteip tip Pi onbcshis ipway
beste sbestei t– animals of
sbesteiphis sbestei wrecked – escaped
sbestei t sbestei animals – thirsty
sbestei t – eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c bc c bc c bc c bc
moving from one end to other – he might die – discovered water cans – water enough for 124 days c bc c bc cbcsbs
– opened the can – poured the water into his throat – he got back his life – liquid of life -
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
Title sbe
Life
s
s
tsipPi
teipof s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
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b
cc b
cc b
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Author Yann Martel
ss ss ss Theme ss Adventures
s s of a boy sons a life boat swith
s a tigertiptsips ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip b csbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbese bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c
‘Life ofc Pi’ is an abridged
c c the famous cnovel titled ‘Life
version of c of Pi’ written
c by Yann c
Martel. Pi was on his way to Canada with his father, mother and animals of his zoo. But unfortunately
ss ss ptsipswreckedestand s ss s ps of theeanimals sps but heteiptsips ss
eteiptip the bship
esteiwas eiptsipPi escaped esteipintipa lifeboat.estHe
eiptsipmanaged ethe
sfear
eteiptip steipti steipti escould eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs csb bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsb
not manage the thirst. His throat was parched. He was moving from one end to other to find out
water. He thought that if he could not drink water he would die. Finally he discovered that the life
ss boat hadpenough waterpin the cans. His heart beganpto pound at the prospect ofpdrinking water. He
eteiptip e teiptsips e tei tsips e tei tsips e teiptsips e tei tsips e teiptsips e tei tsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s s
unrolleds
cbc the tarpaulin
b s s
cbc and foundcbout
b s s
c the watercwhich
b s s
bc was enough
b s s
cbc for him forcb124
b s s
c days. Hectook
b s s
bc a can
b cbcsbs
and opened it with difficulty and poured the water into his throat. He felt that he got back his life with
teiptsips s s the water. sSos he says it was s s the liquid ofs life.
s Water issthe s elixir which s sgives life to sman. s ss teiptsips
es eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e
b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Live your life by a compass, not a clock - Stephen Covey
cbcsbs cbcsbs b
ccsb s
2
ss s If you were
tsip ss s as long
teiptsipfor sps Pi was, te iptsips is the teiptsipsitem you ptsips want ptsips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipc) bcsbesteiptip lostbcat
sbessea bcsbesteiptias bcsbeswhat bcsbesone bcsbesteiwould bcsbesteiwith bcsbesteiptip
c c c Write a diary
you? c entry in which c c
you identify the itemc and explaincwhy it is thecone thing c
you would want with you.
UNIT
ss s s teiptsiIfpsI were lost s sthe sea like

in sPi sI would like stos carry enough s swater andteiptfood.
s s I couldteihave
ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip es esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip es ip es ptip eteiptip
some other things which are needed for first aid if something happens during the struggle. It is always
better to have covering over the head maybe with a tarpaulin. I would be happy if I have some system
ss to call theps passing shipspto come to help me.
eteiptip teiptsips tei tips tei tsips teiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs bc
c4. sbes c bcse
b s c bcsbes c bcsbes c bcsbese c bcsbese c bcsbese c bcsbese cbcsbs
Sequence the following incidents logically to write the summary of the story ‘Life of Pi’.
• As he looked around, hespwas shocked to find Richardsp Parker on board. 2

s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteipti s s
b esteiptsips s
b esteipti s s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips se
b steiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc • His
c csearch for water
b c c took him dangerously
b b
cc close
c c to Richard Parker
b c c but nothing
b c c could stopchim
b bc b
cc
84 4
– neither Richard Parker nor the hyena.
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
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b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
• Pi left Richard Parker in a jungle and reunited with his family. 10
• Pi came back to life and his senses after drinking the elixir of life. 7
ss s s teiptsips thatsbeitstewas
iptsipsRichardseParker
teiptsipswho helped ss ss tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eet i pt ip eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs csbes
cbcsbs • Hecbunderstood cbc cbcbs cbcsbs him survive
cbcsbs for 227 cdays. cbcsbs 9 cbcsbs
• He was pinned by weakness having had no food, water or even sleep for nearly three days. 3
ss • Strangely sp his thirst overpowered his fear of Richard sParker and he sp went about exploring for sps
eteiptip e teiptsips e teipti s e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptips e teipti s e teiptsips eteipt5i
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s freshs s
cbc water.
b cbc s
b s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs
• A little later, he succeeded in his search, when he found stacks of cans of drinking water. 6
esteiptsips ete iptsip• s Pi was stranded

iptsips in theipPacific
e te etsips on a lifeboat.
te e iptsips
te e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teipt1sips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cbcsbs • b s
b s b s
b
c c he realizedcthat
Then,
s b
c Parker who sb s b sb
c cscared him earliers
c c brought him b s
b s b
c c peace, purpose s
b s
c c and wholeness.b
cc s
b s
8 b
cc s
b s
Summary
ss ss s
teiptsipstranded ptsipsPacific onestaeiptlifeboat.
sips ps around,
teiptsilooked ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bPi csbewas
s bcsb
in
esteithe b csb
Asehe
bcsb s bcsbesteiptiphe wasbcshocked
s
b esteiptip to find
bcs
Richard
besteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c on board. cHe was pinnedcby weakness having
Parker c had no food,c water or even c sleep for nearly c three c
days. His search for water took him dangerously close to Richard Parker but nothing could stop him
ss s s – neither Richard
ss Parker iptsinor
ps the hyena. teiptsipStrangely
s this
eiptsip
thirst
s overpoweredtiptsips hissbfear sofsRichard Parker ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip andbche eteiptip beste csbes water. Acblittle bcsbese
csbes later, he csucceeded esteiptip whenbche eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbswent about cbcsexploring forcbfresh in his
cbcsearch, c sbsfound cbcsbs
stacks of cans of drinking water. Pi came back to life and his senses after drinking the elixir of life.
ss sips Then, heteiprealized
sips that Parker
sips who scared sipshim earlierteipbrought
sips him peace,
sips purposeteipand sipswholeness. siHe
s ss
eteiptip e tei pt understood
e t that itbwas t ipt
e Richard Parker
e t ipt
e who helped
e t
ehim survivebcsfor t i pt
e 227 days.bcPi
e t e pin
eleft RichardbcParker teipt eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bs c sbs c sbs cbcsbs
a jungle and reunited with his family.
s
besteiptsips Additional
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
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cc
Answer the following question in a paragraph of about 150 words each.
ss tsips Whatsequalities
teiptsips of shuman ss teiptsipsthe author ss sips tsips ‘Lifeseof tsips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip1. bc b s bc esteiptip nature
b bcsbesdoes bcsbesteiptiptry to bring
bcsbesteiptforth sbesteip
inbcthe novel bc b steipPi’?
bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Title Life of Pi
ss ss ss sps ps
iptsiMartel ss ss tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eAuthor
steipti Yann
beste eteiptip esteiptip bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbTheme cbcsAdventures cofbcsabsboy on a life
cbcsbboat c
with a tiger cbcsbs cbcsbs
ss When Pi was s16, his fathersdecided to close s the zootipandsips move histeiptfamily
sips to Canada,
eteiptip e teiptsips and sell
e ptsips
teithe e teiptiptos ensure e ips
taeiptgood e iptsiphis
tfor
e e etThey e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsb s zoo animals,
cbcsb s cbcsb s future
cbcsb s children.
cbc s
b s booked
cbcsb s passage csbes their
cbwith cbcsbs
animals (to be sold in North America) on a Japanese freighter named the Tsimtsum. One night, the
ship encountered a heavy storm and began to sink while Pi was on deck marveling at the storm. He
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips tried stoestfind
b
s
eiptsiphis family,
sbes iptsipas crew member
but
te sbesteiptsips threwsbhim
es
sips a lifeboat;
teiptinto sbes
ps the rough
teiptsifrom sbes
s he watched
teiptsipsea, sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb b c b
c c his family cand bc its crew. After b
c c the storm, b
c cPi found himself b
c c in the b
cc
helplessly as thecship sank, killing
lifeboat with an injured zebra, and was joined by an orangutan, named Orange Juice. A spotted hyena
2
ss ss emerged s s the tarp.
from s s he sawteipthe
Then s sbig animal s s tiger. Pi tfound
the s s only limited s sfood and twater ss ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbes tip b sbesteiptip b sbeseiptip b sbesteiptip b sbeseiptip b sbesteiptip
c c c c oncthe boat. He cbuilt a small raft
c c c of flotation cdevised so that
c c c he could stay
c c at a safe distance
c c c from c c
the tiger. His strength of mind pushed him to live to find a way for the bad situation. Looking around
he found everything negative. But he did not lose heat. Now his main problem was to find waterspto
UNIT
ss ss iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips tipti s ss
eteiptip eteiptip e t e e te e te e te e te e te bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs quench s s
cbcb his thirst.cbHe s s
cb was confident s s
cbcb that if hecworked s s
bcb towards cbcfinding
sb s water s s
cbcheb would be csuccessful. cbcsbs
He was moving from one end to another in the lifeboat to find out water. At last he saw the shining
water cans. Then he realised that he had enough water for more than 100 days. At last he joined his
ss ss tiptsips ss teiptsips This sincident
tiptsips sips teiptsipofs Pi. Though tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip familysbeand
bc se the tiger esteiptipinside bthe
bcsbwent forest.
csbes bcbese shows esteiptfighting
bcsbthe bquality
csbes bcsbese he eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c c
was alone he never lost heart; he tried to find a way for success.
c c c c cbcsbs
An adventure is only an adventure when s you are out of syour comfort zone.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptips s
b esteiptips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
85
c c c c c c c c c c
s
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b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
PROSE
s cbcsbs cbcsbs
In Celebration of Being Alive
- Dr. Christiaan Barnard
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Pageest67 esteiptip
here are several physically-challenged people who have lived successful and meaningful
T
ss tsips Here s teiptsips
eiptsip a fewbsbpersonalities sps psipsgreat odds psipsand lived s of blazing
pasiplife psips ss
eteiptip eteiplives. etare c es what we ewho
steipti have fought
cbcsbs cbcsbs achievements.
cbcsbs Let’scshare cbcsbknow c bc c bc c bc
about each of them and complete the table below. c bc cbcsbs
Name of the
ss ss ss Nature
ss of challenge
ss Field
s s of achievement
ss ss ss ss
PROSE - In Celebration of Being Alive
eteiptip eteiptip personality

e.g. Beethovan Hearing impairment Music
Demosthenes Stammering Oration and Politics
s
besteiptsips s
b estei ptsips
Helen e
Keller
sb steiptsips s
b e tei ptsips
Visually
s e te
challenged
sb s i ptsips
and s
b e teiptsips
Literature,
s e
Politics,
s
b s
s
teiptsipLecturersbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Hearing Impairment
Mariyappan Thangavelu Physically Challenged Athletics - Para Olympics
ss ptsips ss teiptsips Impairment ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss
e Mozart bcsbesteiptip bcsbesHearing bcsbesteiptip bcsbeMusic
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
John Milton Visually Challenged Literature
ss Sudha
s s Chandran ss Physically
s s Challenged ss Fines Arts
s - Dancing ss ss ss ss
ss
Summary
Dr. Christian Barnard, a South African surgeon, designed artificial heart valves, and wrote extensively
on thessubject. In this essay Dr. Barnard ruminatess on why people suffer.
e teiptsips iptips
te iptsips
este iptsips
ete iptips
te iptsips
ete iptsips iptsips
sbestehit him and este iptsips
bestehis teiptsips
b
cc s
b s csbes day aftercbacsbmeal
cbOne Dr. Barnard bcsbeswere
cbcsbs and his cwife cbcsbsthe road. cAbccar
crossing cbcsbknocked cbcsinto
him b
ccsbes
wife. She was thrown on the other lane and was hit by a car from the opposite direction. Barnard suffered from
3
ss eleven
tiptsipbroken
s ribstiand
ptsipsa perforated
tiptsiplung.
s His wife
tiptsiphad
s a fractured
tiptsipsshoulder. tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
esteiptip ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb
As he recuperated in the hospital, Barnard reflected on what his father would have said. “Suffering
is God’s testing, refining, purifying, and ennobling us .” Barnard did not see anything noble about a patient in
UNIT
ss ptsipsanguish,estor
psips psips psips psips psips psips psips ss
eteiptip pain
sesteiand s ei t a child wailing
sestei t in the ward.
sestei t sestei t sestei t sestei t sestei t eteiptip
One day his father showed him a half- eaten biscuit. It was the last one his brother had before
ss he died with
s a congenital heart problem. He found the sufferings of children pathetic. Children implicitly trust
eteiptip e teiptsipand
doctors e
nurses
tsips
teipbelieving e
that teiptsips can help
they e ptsips
teithem. Even e
if
iptipscan’t help
tthey
e e tsips theysaccept
teipthem, e teiptsipstheir fate. ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbc s
b s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbc s
b s cbc b s cbcsbs cbcsbs
Several years earlier, one day Dr. Barnard had witnessed what he called a “Grand Prix”. Two boys,
teiptsips a driver,
teiptsip and a mechanic
s teiptsips weresbdriving
teiptsips the hospital’s
teiptsipsbreakfast teitrolley.
ptsips The blind teiptsipmechanic
s provided
teiptsips thesbemotor
teiptsips teiptsips
b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b es b s
b es b sbes b s
b es b s
b es b s bsbes
cc c power,
c and the
c cdriver steered c cwith one arm. c cThe other patients
cc joined in
c cthe fun and frolic,
c c till the plates
c c were cc
86 scattered. The mechanic was a seven year old boy. His mother flung a lantern at his father. The lantern missed
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip b csb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bc
c its mark and cbroke on the boy’ssb
ss
esteiptip b
c head, resulting
c csb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c degree burns, bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip b
c and loss of ceyesight. At thatcsb
c time of
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
in the third
Grand Prix, he was a sight to look at. He had been earlier operated upon by Dr. Barnard for a hole in his heart.
ss He was s the hospital
teiptsipin iptsipsnow, for tsips
atipmalignant tumour ss ss sps arm hadteiptbeen
ss ss ss
eteiptip csbes was little beste of his crecovery.
bcsbese eteiptip of thebcsbone.
eteiptipHis shoulder
eteiptiand e ip amputated.eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbThere cbcshope cbcsbs c bs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Dr. Barnard learnt an important lesson about life from these boys. “The business of living, is the
ss sips of being sips Dr. Barnard ss teiptsipits is notsb ss ps is important,
teiptsithat ss ptsips ss
eteiptip e tei pt
celebration eteiptalive”. eteiptip realized
ethat eteiptipyou have
what elost eteiptip but what
eteiyou eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbc s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
have been left with. Light can’t be appreciated without knowing darkness, nor can warmth, without knowing
cold.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Glossary Page 70
ss tsips ss tsips thought ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipconsideration
bcsbestei ptip bcsb
ipcareful
–est e
c c c c c c c c c c
prevalent – predominant
cripples – people with somesdisability preventing them from performingscertain normal
ss ss ss tsips iptsip iptsips iptsips s ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e tipfunctions
e e te e te e te eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
agony – extreme physical and mental suffering
ss perforated – torn and damaged with holes sps
teiptsips ss teiptsips teiptsips ss ss ss ss

eteiptip e eteiptip e e tipti
bcsbese morally esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
cbc ennoblescb csbs s
b s
cbc – (figurative sb s
cbcuse) makescdignified, cbcsbnoble cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
thrash around (idiom) – to move about restlessly
s
besteiptsips s
b es tsips
teipsophisticated
s
b este iptsips s
b
– t e
es tsips well-advanced
ip(here) sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
c c mutilating b
c csurgery b b
c c – surgery cinvolving
c b b
c c of tissueceven
removal c at the crisk bc of worsening b
c c of the b
cc
patient’s condition
ss tsips Prix sesteiptsips tsips onesof ptsips international ss ss ss ss ss
sbesteiptip sbesteipGrand s–est e
ip(here) esteiseveral s esteiptip motor-racing
s esteiptip eventss esteiptip sesteiptip s esteiptip
c bc c bc
solace
cbcb c bc b c bc b c bc b c b
– comfort or consolation in times of grief or pain
c b c bc b c bc b c bc b
intrepid – bold and daring

ss tsips sesteiptsips tsips or an teiptsips endsbesteiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipfinale ipclimax
–et e eexciting eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
disfigured – spoiled or marred in appearance
ss malignant
ss ss – (here, of diseases) very harmful to life
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs amputated
cbcsb s s s
cbc – cut off by
b s s
cbcsurgical operation
b cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
profound – very great
s esteiptsips sesteiptumour
tsips s esteiptsips s
– tip
es ediseased
tsips growth
s esteiptsipins somesb
part
e steiptsof
ipsthe bodyesteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b ccb b b
cc cbcsb b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
ccsb
Additional Words pwith Meanings
3
ss ptsips ptsips sips ss ss ss ss ss ss
e bcsbestei
bcsbestei t
c c c c c c c c c c
gloomy – depressed galloping – jumping UNIT
ss sips from teiptsips tsips ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptstem e – te
e ipdevelop eteiptip emower eteiptip – bmachine
eteiptipfor cutting grass
eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
lovely – good steered – drove
ss
eteiptip teiptclouded
sips tiptsips –
teipworried
tsips ss
eteiptip
scraping
teiptsips teiptsips– rubbing tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcse
bs c bcsbese s
b es
cb–c refined cbcsbs s
b es
cbc severe cbc s
b es c bcsbese c bcsbese cbcsbs
sophisticated – serious, extreme
mutilating – injuring gripped sips– heldteisomething tight s s
esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips estei ptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips e tei pt e ptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc
commandeered
s
b b s
b
c –c seized c c b s
b b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs b
ccsb s
87
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
ss tiptsips ss ss ss ss teiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip bcsbese the correcteteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip csbes eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cChoose cbcsbs synonyms
cbcsbs cbcsbsfrom thecboptions
words cbcsbs
given. cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. I near the end of my career as a heart surgeon.
ss ss ss tsips ss iptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip a) carrier
eteiptip esteipplace eteiptip sbeste eteiptip d) profession
cbcsbs c bcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbb) cbcsbs c)
cbcinsight cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
2. And of the rest, many will end up as mental or physical cripples.
s
besteiptsips b
iptsips a) abled
seste s
b estei ptsips sbb)
es tsips
teipdisabled s
b esteiptsips ss
pip
c) strength
sestei t sesteiptsipsd) power
s esteiptsips sesteiptsips sesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb cbcb b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
3. I was crossing the street with my wife after a lovely meal.
ss ss ss tsips ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip a) long esteiptip eb)
steipexpensive esteiptip c) good
e esteiptip d) cheap esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
4. There was a grand finale of scattered plates and silverwares.
ss a) final sps b) show c) noise sps d) exposure sps
eteiptip e tiptsips
e eteipti e teiptsips ss
eteiptip e teipti e teiptsips eteipti
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s cbcsbs cbcbs
s cbcsbs cbcsbs s
5. If you can’t they accept their fate.
a) wisdom b) weakness c) destiny d) strength
6. His lower jaw became gripped in a mass of fibrous tissue. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) held loosely b) held upward c) held sideways d) held tightly
b
cc b c c 7. These
b b c c children cshowed
b b bc b me that
c c it’s not what
b b c c you’ve lost
b b c c that’s important.
b b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
a) significant b) strong c) weak d) mature
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip Answers
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
1. d 2. b 3. c 4. a 5. c 6. d 7. a
Self-Evaluation
ss ss sips s
eiptsipthe underlinedss s
eiptsip the boptions ss ss ss ss
Choose eteiptsynonyms etfor eteiptip wordsetfrom eteiptip given. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
1. ------- my thoughts have turned to the consideration of why people suffer.
esteiptsips
esteiptsips a) thought
esteiptsips b)te
es tsips
ipideal esteiptsips e teiptsips
c) proper
e teiptsipsd) depth e teiptsips Ans:sbesteiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
ccsb b
cc s
b b
ccsb cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s cbc b
ccsb s
2. Suffering seems so cruelly prevalent in the world today.
s s a) presence b) widespread c) attacked s sd) pushed teiptsips Ans: teiptsips
3
ss ss ss ss sps ss
esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteipti esteiptip e e esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb
3. My gloomy thoughts probably stem from an accident I had few years ago.
a) happy b) strong c) weak d) sorrowful Ans:
UNIT
ss ss teiptsips psips psips psips psips psips ss ss

eteiptip eteiptip csbes sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 4. Mycbgloomy c bc c bc c bc c bc
thoughts probably stem from an accident I had a few years ago. c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) set up b) look at c) develop d) internal Ans:
ss ss ss ss ss psips psips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip not esteiptipagonybcand
eteiptip sbestei tfear. cbcsbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 5. I experienced
cbcsbs cbcsbonly c sbs fear but
cbcalso cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) pain b) insult c) abuse d) slur Ans:
s
b esteiptsips s
b es tsip s I hadseeleven
teip6. b steiptsips broken
s
b es ptsipsand perforated
teiribs s
b esteiptsips lung.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
88 a) weak b) strong c) sticky d) punctured Ans:
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c you – makes c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12bcsb
ss
esteiptip
7. Suffering ennobles you a better person. c c c c
a) decreases b) improves c) reduces d) weakens Ans:
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss psips ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip nobleeteiptip eteiptip esteiptip on abcssweat-soaked
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 8. I see
cbcsbnothing cbcsbsin a patient’s
cbcsbs thrashing
cbcsbaround c bs cbcsbsbed, mind
cbcclouded cbcsbs
in agony.
ss s s a) happy ss b) insulted
ss ss c) worried
iptsips s sd) setting teiptsips Ans: teiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip ete eteiptip e e eteiptip
9. Nor can I see any nobility in the crying of a lonely child in a ward at night.
sips a) decency sip s b) meaning c) laughter d) happiness Ans:
esteiptsips e tei pt e tei pt e teiptsips e e teiptsips
teiptip e teiptsips ss iptsips
ete e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs b
ccsb s bb
ccs
bs
bs s b s
b
c c heart surgery.
10. In those days they didn’t have sophisticated cc s cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
a) mild b) strong c) complicated d) refined Ans:

c c c c 11. They
c go through
c c mutilating csurgery, andcafterwards they
c c c c don’t complain.
c c c c c c c
a) painless b) injuring c) open d) closed Ans:
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss teiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip in all esteiptipthinking esteiptip suffering
eteiptip eteiptip csbes was eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 12. I was
cbcsbsmissing something
cbcsbs cbcsbmy cbcsbabout cbcsbs – something
cbcsbs basiccb
that cbcsbs
full of solace for me.
ss a) comfort b) ppain c) attraction d) hope ps Ans: ps
teiptsips ss tei tsips ss psips teiptsips tei tips s ss

eteiptip e eteiptip e eteiptip etei t e e etei tip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsbs cbc s
s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs
13. And very soon this trolley was commandeered by an intrepid crew of two -------
a) commanded b) requested c) seized d) pulled Ans:
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbes s
b esteiptsips
teiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
14. And very soon this trolley was commandeered by an intrepid crew of two -------c c
b
cc b
cc b
cc
a) fearful b) strange c) known d) fearless Ans:
ss tsips ss ss ss ss sips tsips ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip15. The bcsbesteiptip provided
mechanic bcsbesteiptipmotorbcspower
besteiptip by galloping
bcsbesteiptip alongbcsbesteipttrolley
the bcs
with
besteiphis headbcsesteiptip
down.
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
a) running b) jumping c) singing d) laughing Ans:
ss ss psips sips sips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t steered esteiptscraping esteiptfoot eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 16. The
cbcdriver cbcsbby cbcsbhis onbthe
c csbs floor. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) talked b) jumped c) touched d) drove Ans:
ss tsips The driver ss sips sips on theteifloor.
ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteip17. eteiptipsteered eby
teiptscraping his
eteiptfoot e ptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
a) rubbing b) walking c) asking d) smiling Ans:
s
b esteiptsips se
bsteip18.
tsips Judgingsbesteipby
tsipsthe laughter
s
b esteiptsipsand shouts
sbesteiptsipof
s encouragement
s
besteiptsips from
sbesteiptthe
sips rest of tthe
s
b eseiptsippatients
s
s
b est------
eiptsip
s
sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
c c bc
a) ccomfort b
c c b) strange c c b b b
c cmotivation c c
c) ccb
d) attack b
cc
Ans: b
cc
19. He suffered severe third-degree burns on the upper part of the body.
3
ss ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsips ss ss ss
e
a) s
mild
bc bestei
bcsbes
b)
tei
serious bcsbestei
c)b s esti
e
partly
c b bcsbestei
d) bcs
plain besteiptip Ans:
c c c c c c c c c c
20. He had returned to the hospital because he had a malignant tumour on the bone.
UNIT
ss ss ss tsips ss psips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip a) benign
eteiptip esteipkind eteiptip sbestei t eteiptip d) wicked
cbcsbs c bcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbb) cbcsbs c)bcclear
21. A few days before the race, his shoulder and arm were amputated.
ss iptsips a) removed ss tsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip ete eteiptip eb)teiptreated eteiptip esteiptip
c) touched eteiptip d) joined
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
22. Suddenly, I realised that these two children had given me a profound lesson in getting on
teiptsips ipsips with theipbusiness

etet
sips t t
of iliving.
psips ipsips
estet ipsips
etet ipsips ipsips
sbestet ipsips
etet etet etet teiptsips
b
cc s
b es c bcsbs bcsbese
a) csevere cbcsbb) cbcsb s
immediate cbcgreat
c) cbcsbs cbcsbs
d) negative cbcsbs
Ans: b
ccsbes
89
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Antonyms
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip × bcsbhappy
eteiptip eteiptip particularly
cbcsbs cbcsbs gloomycbcsbs c s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs × commonly
agony × comfort trust × disbelief
ss clouded
ss s s × untroubled ss s s severeteiptsips ×s smild ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs nobilitycbcsbs bcsb
× dishonour
c c bcsb cbcsbs
amputated cbcsbs × joined cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
sophisticated × unrefined
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b b b b b b b b b b
cc cc Exercise
cc withc Answer
c cc cc cc cc cc cc
ss Choosesthe
s correct antonyms
ss forsthe
s underlined
s s words from
s sthe options
s sgiven. ss ss ss
c c 1. Myc gloomy thoughts
c c stem fromcan accident cI had a few years
probably c ago. c c
a) dull b) sorrowful c) happy d) next Ans: c)
ss ss tiptsips sips psips tiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese my eyes esteiptthe sbestei tI was cmissing
bcsbese something eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 2. It copened cbcsbto fact
cbcthat cbcsbs -------cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) fiction b) reality c) spot d) true Ans: a)
ss tsip s ------- teiptsips ss tsips trustsein tsips tsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteip3. eespecially eteiptip of their

because eteiptotal teipdoctors eteipnurses.
and eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) faith b) belief c) understanding d) disbelief Ans: d)
s
tsip s A fewsedays
b steiptsipsbeforesbethe
steiptsirace,
ps his eshoulder
sb steiptsips and s
b e
arm
steiptsipswere amputated.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
c c bc
a) cremoved b
c c b) treated c c b b
c ctouched c c
c) b b
cc
d) joined b
c c d)
Ans: b
cc
ss 5. Nor can Issee any nobility in the crying of a lonely child in a ward at night.s s
esteiptip esti
e ptsips esti
e ptips esti
e ptsips estei ptsips estei ptsips estei ptsips esteiptip Ans: eb)
steiptsips ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
c bcsb a) c bcs
decency
b c bcsbb) dishonour
c bcsb c)
c bcs
laughter
b c bcsb d) c bcs
happiness
b c bcsb c bcsb
Answers
ss ss ss sips iptsips 3. dsesteiptsip4.s d ses5.
teiptbsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteipt1. c ete
2. a eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcb cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
Self-Evaluation
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb cbcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. Suffering seems to be cruelly prevalent in the world today. ps
s
b esteiptsips se
bsteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b estei tips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
c c b
a) crare
c b
c c b) common b
cc c)b
c cpresence c c b b
d) widespread
cc b
Ans:
cc b
cc
2. I experienced not only agony and fear but also anger.
3
ss iptsips a) pain ss tsips ss iptsips ss ss ss ss

bcsbesteiptip bcsbeste bcsbesteiptip bcsb steipfortitude
eb) bcsbesteiptip sbeste
c)bccomfort bcsbesteiptip d) insult
bcsbesteiptip Ans:
c c c c c c c c c c
3. I see nothing noble in a patient’s thrashing around on a sweat-soaked bed, mind clouded
UNIT
eteiptip eteiptip in agony.
cbcsbs c bcsbs bcsbs
a) ccalm
s
cbcsbb) bsbs
insulted c c
sbs
cbcworried
c) cbcsbs cbcsbs
d) setting cbcsbs
Ans: cbcsbs
ss 4. In those days they didn’t have sophisticated heart surgery. sps

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip Ans:
eteipti d) primitive
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs c bcsbs sb
a) cmild
bc s s
b s
cbc b) strong cbc sb s c) sb s
cbccomplicated cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
5. I have always found the suffering of children particularly heartbreaking.
teiptsips ipt
bsbeste
sips teiptsips
a) specifically b) tsips
teipcommonly teiptsips sips
p
sbestei t
c)bimmediately tipt sips
d) recently teiptsips Ans:sbesteiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
b es cc b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es cc bsbese
cc ccb s
b es cbc b
ccsbes
90
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c very soon thisbcsb
ss
esteiptip
c trolley was bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c commandeered c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12bcsb
ss
esteiptip
6. And by an intrepid crewcof two ----- c c
a) fearful b) strange c) known d) fearless Ans:
ss ss tiptsips ss ss teiptsips tsipsbody.sesteiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese severe eteiptip eteiptip esteiphis eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 7. Hecsuffered cbcsbsthird-degree
cbcsbsburns oncbthe
csbesupper part
cbcsbof cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) serious b) extreme c) mild d) great Ans:
ss tsip s He had ptsips s
tiptsiphospital tiptsips hesbhad asmalignant
tiptsip ps
tiptsitumour ptsipsbone. esteiptsips ss
eteiptip eteip8. tireturned
bcsbese
to the
bcsbese
because
bcsbese bc ese bcsbese
ontithe
bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs c bcsbs c
a) benign c b) dull c c
c) clear c c
d) wicked cbcsb
Ans: cbcsbs
9. There was little hopepof his recovery.

s
b estei tsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
c c b
a) ctrust
c b
c c b) diffidence b
cc c)b
c cbelief b
cc b
d) faith
cc Ans:
b
cc b
cc
10. Because the business of living is joy in the real sense of the word not just something for
ss ss sps ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip pleasure,
bcsbesteiptiamusement,
bcsbesteiptiprecreation.
c c c c c c c c c c
a) happiness b) wish c) choice d) boredom Ans:
ss 11.
s s Nor canteipwes sappreciate swarmth
s if we s shave never ssuffered
s cold.ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip es tip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c bcsbs bcsb
a) escalate
c c bcsbb) praise c bcsb bcsb
c) criticise
c c bcsb bcsb
d) request
c c b
Ans:csb cbcsbs
ss Textual
ss Exercises

1. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences based on your understanding of
the
sips lesson. sips Page 70
esteiptsips eteipt eteipt
sips sips
eteipt
sips sips
eteipt
sips
eteipt
sips
eteipt eteipt eteipt e teiptsips
b
cc s
cc s
b s
a. What thoughts troubled Dr. Christiaan Barnard as he neared the end of his career as a
heart surgeon?
ss ss ss s
eiptsip about
s
eiptsipsuffering tsipspeoplese teiptsiitpstroubled teiptsipass he neared sips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip Dr. Christiaan
bcsbesteiptip Bernard
bcsbestthought bcsbestthe bcsb teipthe
eof
s bc and
bs bcsbeshim bcsesteiptthe
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
end of his career as a heart surgeon.
ss tsip s Whatsewere
tiptsipsDr. Barnard’s
tiptsips feelings tsips he swas sips sips an accident?
tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteipb. bcbse bcsbese
tipwhen
bcsbese
tipthospitalized
bcbese
tiptafter
When he was hospitalized after the accident he experienced agony, fear and anger. He questioned c cbcsbs
himself why that had happened to him.
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptipwherebcsdid
cbcsbs cbcsbs c. When
cbcsband c bs the accident
cbcsbs occur?cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The accident had happened a few years ago. When he was crossing a street with his wife, a car
knocked p him down.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips sbestei tsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
d. How did the hospitalization of Dr. Barnard and his wife affect their routine?
Dr. Barnard could not do the scheduled surgery and he and his wife could not look after their young
3
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip baby.
c c c c c c c c c c
e. How was Dr. Barnard’s attitude to suffering different from that of his father?
UNIT
ss ss s angrytipattsiphis
psipwas s suffering ps his father
psibut ps takeetiteiptas
psiwould sipsGod’s testteipon
sipsa person.teiSuch
psips psips
eteiptip eteiptip Dr. b
Barnard
sbestei t sbese sbestei t sbestei t sbes t sbes t sbestei t
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c c bc c bc
incident would improve a person to become better. c bc c bcsbs c bc c bc c bc
ss f. How was sthe unattended trolley put to use?

eteiptip teiptsips teiptips teiptsips teiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip trolleybcsfor
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcse
bs Two es
cbclittle boys, one
s b es
cbcblind and another
s
b es
cbc crippledcpushed
sb bcsbese the unattended
cbcsbs c bs fun. cbcsbs cbcsbs
g. What roles did the duo take up?
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips The two
s
b es tsips took sthe
teipboys e
b s tsips of driver
teiproles sbes tsips mechanic. The
teipand s
b esteiptsips blindsbesboy s
teiptsipwas the sbsteiptsips andsbthe
mechanic
e es
sips
teiptboy sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc
with one arm was the driver. 91
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c did the choicebcsb
ss
esteiptip
c of roles prove
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c for them?
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
h. Why to be easy
The choice of roles was easy because the mechanic was totally blind and the driver had only one arm.
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip beste and how? eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs i. Who encouraged
cbcsb cbcsthem cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The other patients encouraged them by their laughter and shouts of encouragement.
ss ss teiptsipsDr. Barnard ss s
eiptsip entertainmentss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipj.tip What edoes eteiptipcompareetthis eteiptip to?bcsbesteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Dr. Barnard compares the entertainment to the Grand Prix of Indianapolis.
teiptsips tsip s Whatsehappened

teipk. teiptsips s
teiptsipgrand teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips Pageteipt71
sips teiptsips
ses s es s insethe
s finale?
s es ses ses s es ses ses
b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b ccb b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
In the grand finale the silverwares and plates were scattered and the nurse was angry with the boys
who were responsible for that.
c c c c l. How
c does Dr. Barnard
c c c knowcthe boy whocplayed the trolley’s
c c c c driver?
c c c c c c
The trolley driver had a hole in his heart and it was closed by Dr. Barnard. The boy came back to the
ss s s hospitalteiwith
s sa malignant stumour
s of the sbone.
s A fewtidays s s before the strolley
s incident, s his
s shoulder and
ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip es ptip esteiptip esteiptip eseptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs bcsb
arm were amputated.
c c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs
m. What was the profound lesson that Dr. Barnard learnt from the boys?
ss ss ss ss sps s ss ss sips ss
eteiptip eteiptip Dr. Barnard

eteiptiplearned eteiptipthe boys
from eteiptithe
that tsipliving
eteipof
business eteipintipthe realbcssense
is joy eteiptipof the bword,
eteiptnot eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bs c csbs cbcsbs
just something for pleasure, amusement and recreation. The business of living is the celebration of
being alive.
e teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
b s bcsb es Answercbthe
c2. csbes following es
cbcsbquestions csbethree
cbin s bcsbessentences.
or cfour e
cbcsbs b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es
a. Detail the statistics Dr. Barnard has provided in his speech.

ss ss tsips suffering ss sips tsips the following ss sips teiptsips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip To prove
bcsbesteipthat bcsbesteipistipprevalent
bcsbesinteiptthis bc esteipgives
worldsbhe
bcsbesteiptip statistics.
bcsbesteiptOut of 125
bcsesmillion
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
children born this year, 12 million are unlikely to reach the age of one and another six million will die
before the age of five.
ss ss ss teiptsips ss tiptsips ptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip csbes the doctor eteiptip bcsbesecrossing sbesteistreet? eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs b. What
cbcsbhappened cbwhen cbcsbs couple cwere cbcthe cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
While the doctor couple were crossing the street after a lovely meal together, a car hit him and
ss knocked him into his wife. She was thrown into the other lane and struck by a carspcoming from s the
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teipti s e teiptips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s s
opposites
cbc direction.
b cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsbs
c. What injuries did they sustain in the accident?
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips He had
sbesteleven s
eiptsip broken
s
b estribs s
s
b esteiptsips lung.sbeHis
eiptsipand abperforated s
sips had a badly
teiptwife sbesteiptsipsfractured
s
b es eiptsip
s
tshoulder. s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc
d. Dr. Barnard couldn’t find any nobility in suffering. Why?
As a doctor Dr. Barnard ssaw every dayspatients’ suffering to move sabout in sweat-soaked bed. sHe
3
ss ptsips ptsips ptips ptips ptsips ptips ptsips s ss

e could
bcsbe
not
stei
find any bcsbeste
nobility
i
in the bcsbe
crying
stei
of a lonely
bcsbesti
e
child in a ward
bcsbestei
at night. bcsbestei
c c c c c c c c c c
e. Why does Dr. Barnard find suffering of children heartbreaking?
UNIT
ss ss s alwaystifound
psips the sufferingpsipsof children sips psips psips of their sips ss
eteiptip eteiptip Dr. Barnard psiphas
sbestei t sbeset sbestei t
pparticularly
sbestei t
heartbreaking
sbestei t
because
sbestei t
ptotal
sbestei t eteiptip
trust in doctors and nurses. They believe they will be helped by them. If they are not cured, they c bc cbcsbs
accept their fate. They do not make any complaint.
ss ss sips sips eiptsip
s sips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipf.tip Howbcsdid
eteiptthe eteiptplayed
boy who the
etmechanic eteipthis
lose eteiptip
eyesight? eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
The mechanic was a seven year old boy. One day his mother flung a lantern at his father in anger.
Unfortunately the lantern missed its mark and broke on the boy’s head, resulting in the third degree
s
b esteiptsips s
b estei ptsips
burns,
s
b eand
s
s
teiptsiploss s
b steiptsips
of beyesight.
e s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
92
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
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b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip b
c does Dr. Barnard
c csb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c the blind cboy as a ‘walking
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12bcsb
ss
esteiptip
g. Why describe horror’?c c c
Because of the boy’s mother’s mistake the boy became blind. He was a walking horror because he
ss ss ss ss sips flap of skin ss ss s
eiptsipneck tobhis eiptsip
s ss
eteiptip eteiptip wasbcwalking
eteiptip with abcdisfigured
eteiptip face and
eteiptlong eteiptiphanging from
eteiptipthe sidebcsof
ethis etbody. eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bs c csbs cbcsbs
h. What were the problems the trolley driver suffered from?
ss sips The trolley sipdriver

s had a hole
sips in his heart sipand
s it wastclosed
sips by Dr. Barnard.
sips The boy sicame
s back ttoiptsthe
s ss
eteiptip tei pt hospitaltei pt tei pt teipt i
e pt tei pt tei pt p e e ip eteiptip
cbcsbs with a malignant
cbcsbs tumour cbcof
sbethe
s bone. cAbcfewsbes days before
cbcsbthe
es trolley incident,
cbcsbs his shouldercbcsbs and
e e e e
arm were amputated.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
Additional s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Answer the
s followings questions. s
ss tsip teiptsip s sips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip1. What
bcsbewould
s havebcsbesteiptipsaid by
been bcsbesteiptBarnard’s
Dr. bcsbesfather when
bcsbeshe met with
bcsbesan accident?
c c c c c c c c c c
His father would have said that it was the will of God and God would like to test him.
ss tsip s Whatsedoes
tiptsipsthe author ps Grand
tiptsicall iptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteip2. bcbse bcsbese
tPrix?
bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
The unattended trolley was moved by two differently-abled boys – one blind and another one with c cbcsbs
one hand. He calls this Grand Prix.
ss ss iptsips psips psips ss ss ss ss ss

eteiptip eteiptip beste the two sbestei t get the sbestei t to play esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 3. How
cbcsdid cbcboys cbctrolley cbcsbwith? cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The nurse left the breakfast trolley unattended. The two boys took the trolley for their fun.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteip4.
tsip s Whatsewas
b steiptsipthe
s reaction
s
b esteiptsipof
s the nurse
sbesteiptsipwhen
s thete
s
b es
boys
iptsips scattered
s
b esteiptsipthe
s platestiand
s
b es eptsip silverwares?
s
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
c cnurse was very
The b
c c angry and scoldedb
cc b b
c cwhen they scattered
the boys cc b
c c and silverwares.
the plates b
cc b
cc
ss 3. Answer
ss the following
ss in pas paragraph
s of
s s100- 150 words
ss each.ps s ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbestei tip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbestei tip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
a. Give an account of the medical problems for which the two boys were hospitalized.
ss ss ss Title ipts s In Celebration s s of Being Alive

ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip este ip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c b sb
Author
c c b sb
Dr. Christiaan Barnard
c c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Theme The business of living is the celebration of being alive
ss ss ss psips psips psips psips psips psips ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs bcsbsuffered
cHe c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
severe third-degree burns on the upper part of his body, and lost both his eyes. c bc cbcsbs
A few days before the race, the other boy’s shoulder and arm were amputated.
s esteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips se steiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b Dr. Christiaan
ccb b Barnard,
b
cc abSouth African
b
cc b surgeon, designed
b
cc b artificial
b
cc heart
b valves,
c c wrote
and
b b b
cc b
extensively on the subject. In this essay Dr. Barnard has ruminated on why people suffer. One day Dr.
3
ss ss Barnard ihad s switnessedteipwhats s he called as “Grand
s Prix”. sTwo
s boys, atipdriver,
s s and a temechanicss drove sthes ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteptip b sbes tip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesetip b sbesiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip
c c c c hospital’s
c c breakfast
c trolley. The cblind mechaniccprovided the motor
c c c c c power, and c the driver steered
c c c with c c
one arm. The other patients joined in the fun and frolic till the plates were scattered. The mechanic UNIT
ss ss was a seven psipsyear oldesboy.psipsHis mother pflung
sips a lantern psiat
pshis father. pThe
sips lantern tmissed
psips its mark pand
sips ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t sb tei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbesei t sbestei t eteiptip
broke on the boy’s head, resulting in the third degree burns, and loss of eyesight. At that time of c bc c bc cbcsbs
Grand Prix, he was a sight to look at. The driver had only one arm. He had been earlier operated
ss ss upon by s
ptsipBarnard
tiDr. s in his heart.
tipatsiphole
for tiptsips He was in sips hospital tnow,
tiptthe iptsipsfor a malignant
tiptsips tumour ips
iptsthe
tof ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
bone. His shoulder and arm had been amputated. There was little hope of his recovery. c c cbcsbs
teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips Inscrutable

teiptsips aresbthe
teiptways
sips of God. teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b sbes b es b sbes b s
b es b s
bes bsbes
cc cc cc c c As a butterfly
c c is to the cwanton
c boy, so
c care we to God.cc cc cc
93
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c me a profoundc bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c Elucidate.c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
b. “These two children had given lesson …”
Title In Celebration of Being Alive

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ss ss on what phis father would have said. p“Suffering is God’s testing, refining, purifying, and ennobling
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that they can help them.spEven if the doctors can’t help them, theyspaccept their s fate. One day sDr.
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b
cc b b
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b
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b
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ss ss and frolic, stillsthe plates were scattered. sThe mechanic swas a seven-year-old blind boy. The driver had
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important, but what you have been left with. Light can’t be appreciated without knowing darkness,
nor can warmth, s without knowing cold. s
ss ss s s s s teiptsip s
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Vocabulary Page 71
3
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UNIT
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96
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6. diffidence (para 11) – hope
s
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Page 72
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3
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6.s s lesson –iptlessen

sips – liaison
UNIT
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b) c The
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97
c) The sewer is under repair.
c c c c c c c c c c
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ss
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ss
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8. raise
a) David raised his hands to join the competition.
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c) Rice is the staple food of South Indians.
ss 9. quiet – quite – quit s s

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a) cbThees
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a) The painter was giving the final touch.
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ss d) ete tsipsin theseblanks

ipFill teiptsips withsbethe s
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[profound, amusement, confidence, agony, solace, intrepid, disfigured, perforated]
ss 1. Theatrical plays were a main source of amusement before the adventspof television. sps
teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teipti s ss ss
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warriors of the Spartan Army marched into battle against a powerful enemy. c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs
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cbc is an example
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b s
cbc from thecblesson:
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fibre + tissue – fibrous tissue
s
b esteiptsips s
bes tsip s muscle
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3
ss 3.s s nerve ips s + disorder ss – s s nervousip disorder

ss ss ss ss ss
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c c 4. digestion
c + c enzymes c – digestive
c enzymes
c c c c
5. surgery + instruments – surgical instruments
UNIT
ss tsip s agonyse steiptsips + sexperience

s s –teip tsips agonizing ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteip6. eteiptip e eteiptipexperience
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7. glory + victory – glorious victory
ss 8. fancy + idea s ps – sps fanciful idea

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b s
cbc 9. emotion s
b
cbc s + cbcsb
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b s
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10. sense + issue – sensitive issue
s
b esteiptsips s
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98
c c c c c c c c c c
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
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ss
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f) Fill the empty boxes with suitable words under each word class.
NOUN eteiptip VERBbcsbesteiptip eteiptip
ADJECTIVE eteiptip ADVERB
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amusement amuse amusement amusingly
eteiptip eteiptipappreciation
eteiptip eappreciate eteiptip appreciable
eteiptip eteiptipappreciably
success succeed successful successfully
esteiptsips esteiptsippride
s
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ss g) te
pSpot
sips the errors
psipsin the efollowing
psips sentences
psips andesrewrite
psips them correctly.
psips psips ss ss
sbesteiptip sesi t sestei t s stei t sestei t s tei t sestei t sestei t s esteiptip s esteiptip
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1. My grandfather is well-known in the village for his nobel deeds.
ss My grandfather is well known in the village for his noble deeds.
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I had my evening meal in a restaurant near my office.
ss tsip s The Boss tsips full confidence
ss teiptsips for ssuccessful
ss ss ss ss ss

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The Boss had full confidence in his Manager for the successful completion of the project.
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5. The new health care scheme announced by the Government will bring relief to the children suffering
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from acute tuberculosis.
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In spite of his poverty and setbacks, he was able to launch his dream career.
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3
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c c c c 2. Mental
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are emotional
c c c
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boredom. UNIT
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a. drooping of eyelids b. face assuming a frown
ss 4. How does boredom affectspthe quality of swork a personspdoes?

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5. Mention two ways by which one can overcome boredom.
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b. Develop an interest in hobbies and crafts. 99
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ENGLISH
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Speaking
1. You are rushing to attend to an important work and you witness an accident on your way.
Will you go to the rescue of the injured person? Share your views with the class.
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life of a person is more important than any work. When someone meets with an accident he stands
helpless by himself. This is the time he needs others’ help. Even to transport him to close by hospital
s
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go to help such people. In an accident, time is very important to save the affected people. So I will
surely go to rescue the injured person.
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bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip2. Every
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Discuss the various ways in which you can serve the society.
ss 10 Ideas for helping yourspsociety
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1. Reach out to a neighbour in need.
ss sips sps sps people or sips teiptsipsfrom elderly ss ps teiptsips ss
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Every eteiptihas eteiptfamilies in eneed, eteiptipor shut-ins eiptsistruggling
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s s 2. Perform sips an act of sirandom kindness.

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people behind you. Give an umbrella to someone stuck in the pouring rain. Learn more ideas
ss here: Random Acts of Kindness Foundation
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3. c Mentor children
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All organizations that deal with children need adults of any age to work with the children in a
ss ss variety
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here is no greater gift than helping feed those in your community who are down on their luck
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5. Donate blood.
s ou can shelp save the life
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blood, help organize a blood drive for those you can donate!)
sps 6. Volunteer
ptsips at the local
sps animalteipshelter, rescuespgroup, or humane society.
3
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UNIT
ss s s 7. Visit a
s volunteering-related
s psips Website
psips to find psimultiple
ps opportunities
psips to psiserve.
ps psips ss
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of the greatest benefits of the Internet is the amount of Websites that can help connect c bc cbcsbs
people with local organizations that desperately need help.
ss ss psips ss tsipas local spark, ss s
teiptsipbanks sips stream, ss ss
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Many times there are organized efforts to clean some of these locations, but there is nothing
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9. c Help build a c home with cHabitat for Humanity.
c c c c c
orking with Habitat not only literally builds the community, but also helps welcome a needy
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b b c c communitycmakes
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b b c c -- and
b b b
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s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
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c c Student c c b b b
c c Wonderful!cWhere
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cc b
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ss tsips ss ptsipsor two places ss ss ps duration
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ss ss ss ss eiptsip
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cbcsbs cbcsbs Student cbcsbs cbcsbs we can go
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cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc c bc c bc c bc
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s esteiptsips ses tsips teacher

teipClass s esteiptsips: Where
s es ptsipswe stay?esteiptsips
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b
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3
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c c
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1. A passenger and a railway staff regarding the cancellation of the reserved tickets.
UNIT
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eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip : Sir,bcswhat
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csbesreserved tickets? eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Passenger
cbcsbs c bs shouldcbIcsdo cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
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ss tsips tiptsips: Tomorrowtiptsipsto Chennai. tiptsips tiptsips ss ss ss ss
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bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Railwaycstaff c c
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s
b esteiptsips s
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b esteiptsips: Didsbyou
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c c c c c c c c c c
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ENGLISH
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: Then c c c c
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ss tsips staff ss ss s
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eteiptip eteipRailway eteiptip : Yes, efillteipittipand give eitteto eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
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ss tsips ss sips readyteipfor
ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipSukanya eteiptip : Are you
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Ramya : Yesterday only I got permission from my father.
Sukanya : I too had some problem to get permission but somehow I got it.
esteiptsips estei ptsips
estei ptsips
esteiptsips esteiptsips e steiptsips e steiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips
b
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b b
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b Ramya b
cc s
b : As
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b s
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b b
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Sukanya : Ok. Let us talk about our preparation.
ss ss
Ramya s s: First day swes are working s snear the temple. s s It will be s s interesting.
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c c c
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: Third c c c c
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ss ss ss ss tsips interesting. ss ss ss ss ss
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cbcsbs cbcsbs Sukanya
cbcsbs cbcsbs you. It will
cbcsbbe cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Ramya : I have to complete my packing. See you tomorrow.
ss s s ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip 3. eteipAtsipsalesman eiptsip a customer

etand eteiptipat an belectronic
eteiptip shop.eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
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sips in myteilapsiphas
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s esti
e pt s estei pt s es pt s es eiptsip
s
s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b c c Salesman
b b b
cc b : Do
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b b c clap with youc now?
b b bc b b
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Salesman : Do you want to keep it inside or do you want one to fix outside?
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4. A father and his daughter about the advantages of the habit of newspaper reading. Page 75
s
b esteiptsips s
bestei ptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
c c Father c c b b
: My b
c cdear, get today’s
c c news paper b b
c c from the portico.
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Daughter : Here it is. Why dad everyday morning your life starts with the newspaper?
3
ss tsips ss ss ss s
tsiphappening ptsips us. esteiptsips ss ss
s esteiptip s esteipFather s esteiptip : Yes s esteiptipthis is abcsway
dear, esteipttoip know bwhat
s esteipis s esteiaround esteiptip esteiptip
c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b c b c c b c bc b cbcsb c bcsb c bcsb
Daughter : TV news can also give it to us.
Father : Newspaper will give the news and the views of many people like activists, scientists
UNIT
ss ss iptsips andsthe ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip te eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcbs reporters.
e
cbcsbs cbcsbs s
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Daughter : Does it make any difference dad?
ss Father : Yes of p course. Editor’sps column givesps the view of that newspaper. Many columnists
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e tei tsips e tei tips e tei tips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb s s
write s s
cbc article on ceconomy,
b bc b s s s
education,
cbc sciencecand
b s s
bc so on. cbc
b s
b s cbcsbs cbcsbs
Daughter : Oh, it is very informative to talk to you.
s
b esteiptsips s
b es tsips
teipFather s
b esteiptsips: If you
s
b es
s
ptsipinterested
teiare s
b esteito s the newspapers
ptsipread
s
b esteiptsips there
s
b es
sipsitems forteiyour
teiptare sbes ptsips age group.
s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
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cc ccb b
cc
102 Daughter : Surely I will do it father.
c c c c c c c c c c
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b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
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cc b
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ENGLISH
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ss
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ss
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ss
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ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
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ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
with two exchanges.
1. Receptionist : Good evening, sir. Welcome to Chennai.
ss tsips ss sips to book ateipdeluxe
s s room tin sps hotel for ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipTraveller eteiptip : I would
eteiptlike e tip e eiptiyour eteipti3pdays. bcsbesteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs
Receptionist :
Single room or double room?
ss Traveller : Double room though I am single.

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
cbc Receptionist :
cbcsb s s
b s
cbcgive me your
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Traveller : Here it is.
s
besteiptsips 2. s
b es tsips
teipStudent sbesteiptsips: Good
sbesteiptsips sir.sb
morning, May
e s
s
teiptsIipcome in?
s
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b esteiptsips s
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b
cc b
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Teacher : Good morning, why are you late today?
ss Student
ss s s: Sir, I misseds s my school sbus.
s ss ss ss ss ss
c c Teacher c c did you miss
: How c it? c c c c c
Student : Sorry sir, my uncle came home from US. So I started a little late from home.
eteiptip eteipTeacher eteiptip : OK. eteiptip nobcexcuses.
Hereafter eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Reading

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow. Page 76
s
besteiptsips s
b es tsip s Account
teipa) sbes tsipsthe popularity
teipfor s
b esteiptsips of characters
s
b esteiptsips with
s
b es eiptsip
s
tsupernatural s
b es ptsips
teipowers. sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc bc b
cc b
c c we read about b b
c c the supernatural
cc b
c c Many charactersb
cc b
cc
Wec experience excitement when powers. are
assigned with supernatural powers.
ss tsips Whosisestreferred
eiptsip
s s
teiptasip‘Cyborg’? ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipb) bc b to
bcsbeas
s bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
The term ‘Cyborg’ refers to a person whose body is implanted with technological devices to supplement
ss and substitute body function.
eteiptip t iptsips t iptsips iptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
esteiptip tiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s es e
cbcb c) What s es e
cbcbis expected bestehappencwith
cbcsto bcsbesethe advent
cbcsbsof the brain
cbcsbmachine bcsbese
cinterface? cbcsbs cbcsbs
The advent of the brain machine interface will reduce the boundary between humans and machines.
ss tsips The needs ss sips ss teiptsipsstatement sips s
ptsipthe ss ss
eteiptip eteipd) eteiptipof humans
eteiptare eteiptip Howbcsisbesthis
notblimited. eteiptelaborated
eteiin eteiptip
passage? eteiptip
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As time passes, food habits change, thinking patterns change, and even appearances change.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteipe)
tsip s Howscan
besteiptasipmachine
s
s
b estturn
eiptsip
sinto a virtual
sbesteiptsips companion
s
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s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b b b
c c intelligencec isc infused intoc machines
When c b
c cturn into a virtual
it will b b
c c human companion
cc bc
for chumans. b
cc
f) Explain the flipside of the rapid technological advancement.
3
ss ss s
tsipartificial ss ss teiptsips brain sand sips ss sips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip Thebcfield
sbesteipof bcsbesteiptip
intelligence bc esteiptip
issbovertaking the
bcsbehuman
s bc esteiptmany
b fear
bcsbesteiptiitp couldbcharm
that sbesteiptthe bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
human race.
ipg) Identifypthe
i tsips wordsin ipara
ptsips 1 which ipmeans ‘everlasting
iptsips life’.
UNIT
ss tsips tsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e te e te e te e te e te eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s s
cbcb s
Immortality. cbcb s s
cbcb s s
h) Which of the following words is synonymous with ‘amalgamation’?
ss iptsips a) recreation
ss tsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip ete eteiptip eb)teipintegration eteiptip esteiptip
c) exploration eteiptip d) proposition
eteiptip Ans: eb)teiptip eteiptip
i) Which of the following options is the antonym of the word ‘advent’?
a) drawback b) dispute c) departure d) danger sps Ans: c) sps
esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips eteipti eteipti e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b s
b
c c j) Find b s
b
c cout the word b s
b
c c which is the b s
b
c c antonym of b s
b b
c c‘natural’ incparas
b
c 2. cbcsbs cbcsbs b
ccsb s
103
Machine.
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
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besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
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b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Grammar
ss tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cActive c
and Passive Voice c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
ss Task p
1sips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip etei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip teiptsips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs csbes
cbPage cbcsbs
Change the following sentences into Passive Voice. 77
esteiptsips es tsip s The Governor

teipa) esteiptsips inaugurated
esteiptsips thesbexhibition
esteiptsips at ten
es
psclock. eteiptsips
teiptsio’ e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b sb
c cexhibition was
The
b sb b
c cinauguratedcbyc the Governor b s
b cbcsbs
c cat ten o’ clock. b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
ss b) The crowd expected their leader tosarrive early s in the morning.

esteiptip esti
e ptsips esti
e ptips estei ptips ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb Their
c bcsleader
b was expected
c bcsb by the
c bccrowd
sb to arrive
c bcsbearly in the
c morning.
bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
c) Who taught her Computer Science?
ss ss sips she taught ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip By whom
eteiptwas eteiptipComputereScience? eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
d) They unanimously named Ravi the captain of team.
ss Ravi wasipnamed the captain of the team by them unanimously.
teiptsips tetsips teiptsips teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip e e e e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip

cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
e) The President gave the commander an award.
The commander was given an award by the President.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips An award
s
b es
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f) Do not tell a lie.
ss ss ptsipsbe told. esteiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
s esteiptip s esteiptip Let bacsblie
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c bc b c bc b c cbcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
g) Please open the door.
ss You are requested to open the door. s s
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
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cbcsbs s
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h) It is time to stop the work.
s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
It is time for the work to be stopped.
ss ss sps teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptihe csbes eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs i) They
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It is said that he is a spy.
s
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bes tsip s One sshould
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b es
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sbesteiptsips s
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b esteiptsips s
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Promise should be kept.
3
ss k)s s People tburn s s a greattedeals s of woodteipin

s winter.
s ss ss ss ss ss
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c c c c A great
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c is burnt byc people in winter.
c c c c c c c c c c c c
l) Where had you kept the book?

UNIT
eteiptip eteiptip Whereeteiptip esteiptipkept by esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
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m) When did you feel the tremors? Page 78
ss ss s
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n) How did you do the experiment?
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104 o) Whose car did someone park in front of your gate?
Whose car was parked in front of your gate?
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
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ss
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ss
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esteiptip
Change the following sentences into Active Voice.

ss ss psips has been ss sips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t eteiptip esteiptthe eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs a) The
cbcsmuggler cbcsbs nabbedcbcsbby police.
The police had nabbed the smuggler.
ss b) By whom were you interviewed?

eteiptip teiptsips teiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
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ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbes Who sbes
cbcinterviewedcyou? bcsbese cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
c) Why were you scolded by your parents?
s
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b esteiptsips Why sdid
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s
eiptsip you?bsbesteiptsip
s
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b esteiptsips s
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b
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d) Not a word was spoken by the convict in self–defence.
ss s The convict did

tsip s not speak as word in self-defence.
teiptsip teiptsip s steiptsip s ss ss ss ss
sbesteiptip sbesteipe) Good sbes sbes sbes sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip
c bc c bc c news is expected
bc c bc shortly.
c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
People expect good news shortly.
ss tsip s The mail sips just been s
tiptsipreceived. tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipf) tipthas
bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c
He has just received the mail. c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
g) Sundari has been taken to hospital by her husband.
ss ss ss ptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss

eteiptip e tip Sundari’s
tei p eteiptip sbesteitaken esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs husband
cbchas herbto
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h) Our television is being repaired now.
sesteiptsips s es iptsips Someoneiptissiprepairing

te s este s este s
s e
our
siptsiptelevision
te s
s es
now.
iptsips
teiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b b b b b
c c i) Sweets b
c c have not b b b
c cbeen distributed b b
c c to children b b
c c by the organisers.
cc b
cc b b
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The organisers have not distributed sweets to children.
ss tsip s Prizes teiptsipsbeingsbgiven ss teiptsipsguest.sbesteiptsips ss ss ss ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteipj) b sbeswere b esteiptip by the
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c c c c c c c c c c cbc c bc c bc c bc c bc
The chief guest was giving prizes.
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ss
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l) Nobody would have known the truth if you had not disclosed it.
ss ss s
eiptsip voice. sps psips psips psips psips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip (This sbisestactive sbeThe
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sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc c bc c bc c c
If the truth had not been disclosed by you it would not have been known to anybody.
bc c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs
m) You are advised to help the poor and needy.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips Help sthe
e
b s tsips and needy.
teippoor s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
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n) You are requested to make a cup of tea for the guest.
3
ss
esteiptip psips Please make
ti t etei t psipsa cup of tea
etei t psipfor
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psips psips
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ss
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ss
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ss
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cInterrogations cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
Task 1 s s Page 81
UNIT
ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
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cbcsbs cAdd cbquestion c b sb c b sb c bcsb c b sb
tags to the following sentences and punctuate properly.
c c c c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. The children are very happy today.
eteiptip e tip Thebcchildren
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cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbshappy today,
cbcsbaren’t c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
2. You have not returned my books yet.
s esteiptsips s esteiptsips You have

s es
sips returnedteimy
teiptnot s es
s
ptsipbooks yet,te
s es ptsips you? esteiptsips
ihave esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips
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3. We enjoyed the trip very much. 105
We enjoyed the trip very much, didn’t we?
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
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c clean the cshelves this weekend.
c
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4. Let’s
Let’s clean the shelves this weekend, shall we?
ss ss teiptsipsrarely stravelsss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip by bus.
cbcsbs cbcsbs 5. Mycbmother
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My mother rarely travels by bus, does she?
ss 6.s s Somebody psipmust
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Somebody must bell the cat, mustn’t they? cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
7. Anita never comes late to office.
s
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b esteiptsips Anitasbnever
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8. I am always the winner.
ss s s I am always s sthe winner, aren’t
s s I? teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip e esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
9. Don’t commit this mistake again.
cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
Don’t commit this mistake again, will you?

ss ss ss ss iptsips iptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteipatippharmacyeteiptip beste stand.cbcsbeste eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 10. There
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There is a pharmacy near that bus stand, isn’t there?
ss tsips Bacteria sips never survive
tiptsips in extreme
tiptsips weather sips tiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteip11. tiptcan

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Bacteria can never survive in extreme weather condition, can they?
12. I am not as smart as you are.

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13. The boys broke the window pane last evening.
ss ss sips the window ss tsips sips ss ss ss ss
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c c c c c c c c c c
14. Leaves wither during autumn.
ss Leaves wither during autumn, don’t they?

eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
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add a little salt to the buttermilk.
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You should add a little salt to the buttermilk, shouldn’t you?
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Correct the error found in the question tag in each of the following.
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2. The vegetables in the fridge are still fresh, aren’t it? – aren’t they?
3. The village head understoods the intentionsof the politician, doesn’t he? – didn’t he?s
3
ss ptsips ptsips ptsip ptsip ptsips ptsips s ss ss

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c c c c c c c c c c
5. The employees are seldom allowed to meet their boss, aren’t they? – are they? Page 82
UNIT
ss tsip s Let’s organize

ss s
eiptsip can we? ss ss ss ptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteip6. eteiptip a tripbcsto
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cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
7. The landlady will charge me for the damage, shan’t she? – won’t she?
ss
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8.s s Both thetisisters
eteiptip
s s have left
eseptip tiptsifor
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s tiptsips ss
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not the right thing to do in this situation, isn’t that? – is it?
10. We needn’t apply for a bank loan, do we? – need we?
s
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b es tsips
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106 12. The rhinoceros has a horn made of keratin, haven’t they? – hasn’t it?
c c c c c c c c c c
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
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c bcsb
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c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
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Writing
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Writing
Task 1
ss tiptsips ss ss ss teiptsips psips ptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip outlines
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Exercises Page 84
s
besteiptsips s
b es tsip s Big cotton
teip1. s
b es ips
teiptsmerchant s–estowned
b
s
eiptsip a factory
s
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s
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b steiptsips – onesbday
employees
e es
s of cotton
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b esteiptsipsstolen –sbeno
s tsips
teipclue s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc
– merchant’s
b b
c c assured ctocfind out - asked
secretary
b
c c him to host b
c cdinner - invite b b
c call workers –c merchant
c b
cc
agreed – middle of feast – secretary suddenly shouted – cotton sticking to hair of thieves – the guilty
ss ss teiptsipsheads –sbetried s clear – caught
teiptsipto ss teiptsip–spunished. ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip dusted
bcsbestheir bc s bcsbesteiptip in the
bcsbetrap
c c c c c c c c c c
A Clever Plan
ss s s teiptsiOnce
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teiptsips teptsips
a very rich sman
s havingtiaptsibig
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ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip employees
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csbes very loyal eteiptip e e p were bpaid e eiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs were cworking cbcsbtos the owner. They
cbcsbs c csbs well. cbcsbs
But few of them were not very happy with their financial condition. Anyway the work was moving
ss smoothly.ps
teiptsips ips psips psips psips psips psips psips ss

eteiptip e sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s
c bc
c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
One day it was found that a heap of cotton was stolen. It was difficult to say who the culprit c bc cbcsbs
was. The owner did not know what to do. He almost came to think that it was not possible to get the
esteiptsips ete i ptsi p s teiptsipitswas clear
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eteipthat
s
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eteiptiphave stolen tsipscotton. eteiptsips
eteipthe
ss
b
cc s
cc s
b s
The merchant’s secretary was a clever man. He was thinking of many plans to find out the
culprit. Suddenly a plan struck him. He asked the merchant to host a dinner for all the workers. The
ss ptsips merchant sips sips s
eiptsip invited tsipsdinner.sAt s
ptsipscheduled ptsipsall the workers ss ss
e bcsbesteiptagreed and
bcsb teiptthe
esall workers
bcsbestwere bcsbeto
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bc esteithe
b bcsbesteitime bcsesteiptip
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c c c c c c c c c c
came and they started eating the rich food arranged by the merchant.
ss
eteiptip e teiptsips sesteiptsiIn
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e teithe
ptsipssecretaryesteishouted
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teiptsipcotton
s was p
e tei sticking
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ss
etei tip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s of cthe s
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cbcb looking around s
cbcb except few s
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bcbof the workers cbcsbsslowly cbcsbs
tried to dust their head. They thought they could clear their heads before anyone noticed them. But
ss the watchful secretary was careful to see all of them. So they were caught and punished.
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips eteiptip
ss ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbc s
b s cbc s
b s cbc s
b s cbc sb s cbc sb s cbc sb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
2. Mr. X, a rich businessman – runs a company - always very busy with office work – one day his son –
10 years old – approachess dad and askss–show much he searns in one hour
s – father gets furious – boy
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips persuades
s
b esteiptsi–psfather says
s
b es tips
teipRs. 500 – sbesteiptip
immediately son
sbes eiptsip for Rs.bs300
tasks besteipt–sipfather sbe
shouts
steiptsip–swastingsbemoney
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
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on toys - son leaves to his room crying – father feels bad – thinks might need some stationery – enters
boy’s room and gives money – boy becomes happy – takes some crumpled notes – under his pillow
3
ss ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsips ptsips teiptsips– ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbestei – counts
bcsbestei everything bcsbestei
together – total
bcsbestei
Rs.500 – gives
bcsbestei
it to dad –bcsbe
wants
stei to buy –
bcsbe
one
stei hour of his
bcsbestime bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
father realizes his mistake – feels sorry and guilty – hugs son – closes all office files - takes him on a
picnic – decides to spend more time with near and dear ones.
UNIT
ss ss ss ss iptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip beste is greater esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsLove cbcsbthan moneycbcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
There was a rich businessman Mr. X. He had a big company and spent most of his time
ss ss tiptsips sips s thoughttip
tiptsipHe tsipsonly purposetiptsipofs living swas sipsearn money ps
tiptsifor ss
eteiptip eteiptip for its development
bcsbese
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bcsbese
money.
bcsbese
his
bcsbese bcsbese
tiptto
bcbese bcsbese eteiptip
himself and for his family. He had a 10 year old son. One day his son came to him and asked him c c cbcsbs
a surprising question. He asked him how much he earned in one hour. The businessman was very
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips angrysbetosteiphear
tsips such asequestion
b steiptsips fromsbeastei10 s old boy.
ptsipyear
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b es
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teiptsiThe sbes
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teiptsipagain s
b esteiptsipsso he ssaid
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b s tsips
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b
cc b
cc bc
hecearned
bc hour. c c
Rs.500c per
b b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
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107
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c c asked him to
The boy c give him Rs.300.
c c thought thatc the boy wascasking the
The father c
money to buy some useless things like toys. He did not want his son to waste money like that. So
ss s s he shouted s at
s him. Thetipboy
s s was veryteipsorry
s s to get the sshouting
s from shis
s father and swent
s to histiroom ss ss
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cbcsbs cbcsbs bcs
crying.
c b c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs
After sometime the father felt sorry for having shouted at his son. He entered the boy’s
ss ss sips him moneytiptsipsthinkingsbethat
tiptsipitswould smake s happy.tiThe
tiptsiphim ptsipsboy afterestreceiving
iptsips thesemoney
tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip room andtiptgave
bcsbese bcsbese bc se bcbese bcsbese bcsb e bcbse eteiptip
took some more crumpled notes which he had kept under his pillow. He counted the money and found c cbcsbs
that he had Rs.500. He went to his father and gave him the money. His father was wondering what
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips the boy
s
b es
s
eiptsip up to.
twas s e
bsteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
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The boy told him that he wanted to buy his one hour so that he could spend the time with
him. The father was puzzled. He realised his mistake of not giving time to his family. He felt sorry
ss ptsips and guilty. ss s
ptsipson, tsipsoffice sfiles sips tsipsa picnic. ps
teiptsidecided teiptsips ss
e bcsbesteiptipHe hugged
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bcsbesteiphis bc besteiptand tookbhim
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c c c c c c c c c c
more time with his near and dear ones.
ss Task 2
psips
eteiptip ti t tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs bcsbese
cContinue c bcsbese c bcsbese c bcsbese c bcsbese c bcsbese c bcsbese c bcsbese cbcsbs
and complete the following stories and suggest suitable titles for the same.
ss 1. The Richpand The Poor

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eteiptip e e sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip

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sb s c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
A rich man had a neighbour who was suffering from acute poverty. The rich man was c bc cbcsbs
proud of his wealth and treated his poor neighbour with disrespect and derision. One day, a fortune-
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips teller stold
bes
sips rich manteip
teiptthe sbes tsipsall hisswealth
that
e
b steiptsipswould sbe
bes ptsips
teipossessed by this
sbes
s
eiptsipneighbour
s
b estwithin s
eiptsip a month.
s
b es
sips
teiptThe s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc bc becamecgreatly
richc man bc b b
c cand spent sleepless
worried cc bc did not know
nights.c He b b
c c how to safeguard
cc his b
cc
wealth round the clock. Suddenly he thought of a plan. He disposed of everything he had and with all
ss s s that money, s he
s boughttiaptlarge,
s s precious sdiamond.
s He sewed
s s up theteip
diamond
ss in his turban.
s s He proudly ss ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbese ip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbes tip b sbesteiptip b sesteiptip
b b sbesteiptip
c c c c said
c to himself, “Now,
c c c there’s noc way. My poorcneighbour canc never securecmy wealth. The
c c c c c words of
c c c
the fortune-teller will prove false.”.........................
ss ss sps rich man ips walking
tiptswas ptsips happily sips the diamond
tiptsips in hissbturban.
tiptsips The poor tsips ss
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tiaround
bcsbese
tiptwith
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tipman
bcsbese eteiptip
was suffering without enough food. But he was not much worried about his plight. The rich man’s c cbcsbs
turban attracted the attention of many people. They talked about the size and the way the turban was
ss ss psipspeople emade psipssome insultingpsips comments ps For aefew
psialso. s he didtipnot
psipdays sips mind anythingpsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip worn. Some
sbestei t sbstei t sbestei t sbestei t sbstei t sbeset sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c
about the comment. One day he was passing by the poor man. At that time another villager told the bc c bc cbcsbs
rich man that a lizard was sitting on his turban. He raised his hand above the turban and pushed down
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips the lizard.
s
b es
ps he esaw
teiptsiWhen s
b s
s lizard on
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sips ground the
teiptthe se
b s
s
eiptsipwas happy
s
b es iptsipswalkedsaway.
teand besteiptsipsBut without
s
b es
ps
teiptsihis sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc
knowledge ccb
the diamond fell near b
c cthe poor man b b
c cwho took it without
cc knowing b b
c cthe value of cit cand kept b
cc
it in his house. When the old man reached his house he realised that the diamond was missing. He
3
ss s s had no tidea s swhere it had sfallen.

s He was s worried
s about s the
s loss but he
s scould notteireveal
s s it to anyone. ss ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip sbeseiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbes ptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip
c c c c Thus
c he lost all his
bc c wealth to thec poor man. c
bc bc bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
2. Importance of Debit Card Page 86
UNIT
ss ss ss ss ps
eiptsito ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip Four friends
eteiptip sbestgo eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs decidedcbcto a restaurant
cbcsbs for dinner.
cbcsbs They ordered
cbcsbsan extra-large
cbcsbs pizza cbcsbs
with grated cheese and other choice toppings. The next 20 minutes seemed to be too long a time.
Their eyes widened and their mouth watered, when the server brought the steaming hot pizza and
ss sips tsipsthe table. iptsips could sbarely ss tsips Simultaneously, ss ps
teiptsifour teiptsips ss
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the eteiptip all e
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at a slice from the plate, their faces beaming with a victorious grin. Silence prevailed as they were
absorbed in the taste of their favourite food. They relished every mouthful to the core and savoured
s
b esteiptsips sbestei ptsips the tasteteipof
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s
tsipeach topping
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s
s
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sbes ptsips with noesttrace.
teiclean sb eiptsip
s
sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc ccb b
cc b
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cc
108 The boys dabbed their mouths and wiped their hands with tissues. Mission accomplished, they leaned
back with immense joy and satisfaction not knowing, it would be short-lived. The waiter arrived with
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
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b esteiptsips s
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b
cc b
cc b
cc b
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12bcsb
ss
esteiptip
thec bill. Joseph, who
c had brought c the others cto the restaurant
c for a treat ccasually slipped
c his hand c
into his pocket to get his wallet. He gave a soft shriek accompanied by an expression of dismay and
ss s s utter disbelief.
s s He exclaimed,
s s “It’s not sthere!
s Someone s shas pinched smys wallet!tiWhat
s s are we tto sdos ss
eteiptip eteiptip now?”..............
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e eptip e eiptip eteiptip
Others could only laugh at Joseph. Whatever was the case, Joseph was the one to find out the
ss s s way for tthis.
iptsipsBut others also
s s had the responsibilities
ss to soffer
s some help
iptsipsto him.sSunder
teiptsipswas the one
iptsiptos ss
eteiptip eteiptip bese esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip beste shouldcnot bcbescontrol beste eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsfirst. He
react cbcsbfor
asked cbcsbs from others.
the suggestions cbcsbs But two cofbcsthem cbcslaughter
their cbcsbs
to think about the mental tight corner. Irfan suggested that they should pool the money they had.
Joseph assured them thatsphe would accept s it as a loan and pay themspas soon as hespwent home. One
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips by ones
b esteiptsipsforwardsbeto
came s ti s
teipput in whats
b esteiptsiphad.
they s
besteiptsips after
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be teipti s thesbmoney
counting
s esteipti sthey found
se
b s ips
teiptsout s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
it was not enough. Joseph thought that he could take the money directly to the manager and request
him for two hours to pay the remaining money. As he was walking towards the manager’s counter with
ss ptsips a gloomy sips suddenly sps remembered ss ps the debit
teiptsikept ss s
eiptsip pocket. ps
teiptsifelt ss
e bcsbesteiptface, bcsbesteiptihe bcsbesteiptip that he
bcsbehad
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sbestshirt bcsbeHe
s bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c
his life came back to him. He immediately gave the debit card at the counter and finished the matter.
c c c
The other friends congratulated him on saving the situation.
ss ss s ss
eiptsipeventbsconducted teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips ss psips ss
eteiptip eteiptip bestan eteiptip csbesthe NSScbunit
csbes of ABCcbHr
csbesSec School. eteiptip sbestei tare eteiptip
cbcsbs c bcsbs UTHIRAcbcsis c cbs cbby cbcsbsImaginecbcyou cbcsbs
a volunteer and help a parent fill in the following registration form. (Invent necessary
details)

teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
bes b
cc s
b es  b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
ccsbes b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss A+ eteiptsips ss ss
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs0 9 8 c7bcsb6s 5 4 3 cb2csbs1 0 2 3cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips23 sbesteiptsips Malesbesteiptsips ipti
45sbeste
sps
sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc cbc cbc cbc b
cc
3
s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip
c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b
5, CAR STREET, TIRUNELVELI - 01

UNIT
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip 94421eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs58484 cbcsbs cbcsbs
ss ss ss ss tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese esteiptip
Shopkeeper eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
V. MANI
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
V. Mani 109
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
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b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip

s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b es
ps
teiptsi s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc


ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip t i
ese ptsips ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss sps ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteipti eteiptip eteiptip

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss eteiptsips ss ss

cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs  cbcsbs cbcsbs


esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips ss
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
ccsb b
cc s
b b
cc s
b cbcsbs  b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s

ss ss ss ss ss ss ss s
ps ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipti bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
V. Mani
ss ss ss s s s s
To help those ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip p
etei t i p p
etei t ip eteiptipin needbcsbesteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbsDr. Vetri cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
3
c c c c c c c c c c
UNIT
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
110
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
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b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
POEM
s cbcsbs cbcsbs
cbcsbs cbcsbs
a
All the World’s a Stage
- William Shakespeare
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteptsips
i s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ss Warm s s up teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss teiptsips ss

esteiptip esteiptip e esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip Pagees88 esteiptip
Alive
a Stage
of Being
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
the World’s
Celebration
b bcsbesteiptip
c c Discussc with your partner
c c
the different c in the growth
stages c of man from c c to an
a new born c
adult.
ss tsips Just like s
ptsipactor ptsips different tsips during sipslife span te ips has different
iptsman tiptsips stages. As
tiptsipsa ss
eteiptip eteip• tian whotitakes tipstages tipthis a eteiptip
POEM- -InAll
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsbese c bcsbese c bcsbese c bcsbese c bcsbes c bcsbese c bcsbese cbcsbs
child, he depends squarely on parents and siblings. When the child attains the age of 3 - 4, he / she
is sent to school.
ss tsips As ansadult,ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
PROSE
eteiptip eteip• eteiptiphe/shebcsfaces
eteiptipthe challenges
eteiptipof the bworld.
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs c bs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• He joins the college, becomes self - dependent and prepares himself for a bright future.
• He gets married and becomes the bread winner ofps his family. As a father, heps assumes a lot of
s esteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips sestei tips s esteiptsips s estei tips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b responsibilities.
b
cc b The
b
cc blast stage is
ccbhis
b second childhood.
ccb b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
• Now he is a feeble, old man who depends on others for his daily activities. No doubt he is without eye
3
ss s s sight, ears, steeth
s and everything.ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
c c c c c c c c c c
Summary UNIT
cbcsbs cb csbs c b sb c b sb c b sb c b sb c bcsb c bcsb c b
The poem ‘All the World’s a Stage’ is taken from William Shakespeare’s play ‘As You Like It’. With
c c c c csb cbcsbs
these words begins the monologue by a character Jacques in Act II of the play. Shakespeare views life
realistically. The poem’ss s theme isteipthat
s s man is the ultimate loser
ss
eteiptip
ss
esteiptipand allbcmen
eteiptip e tip eiptsip
sbestthe
s teiptsiin
psthe game ofsplife.
s He says
steipti partscbto
sthat
ps the world
steipti he plays
siss
esteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbacsbstage c sbs and women cbcsbsare playerscbcon csbes player chas
stage.cbEvery bcsbemany csbeplay; cbcsbseven cbcsbs
roles during his life.
s
b esteiptsips s
b
iptsips The sfirst
este
bes
sips is thatteipoftsipan
teiptstage sbes
s infant. He
s
b esteiptsipiss a helpless
sbes
ps in hisetmother’s
teiptsichild s
b s eiptsip
s arms.tipHe
s
b es
s
etsip merelysb steiptsips
vomits
e sbesteiptsips
b
cc b b
c the nurse’sc arms.
c in c bc
In the csecond
bc is a child who
stage,che
b
c c goes to school b
c c unwillingly. b
c cIt may be notedb
c c that b
cc
111
man keeps on losing one quality and blessing while qualifying for another one. The third stage brings before
c c c c c c c c c c
s
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b e teiptsips
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s s
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b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
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b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bc
c us the lover whosb
ss
esteiptip bc
c sings sad ballads
c sb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c love. In the bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip b
c youthful agecwhen man is fullcsb
ss
esteiptip
c of energy, he bcsb
c may do
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
for his lady
everything to please his beloved. Even this life filled with merry making and joyous songs passes so quickly.
ss iptsips Soldier ss ptsips Here esman
teiptsipsseeks fame ss sips s
teiptsipshort tsips ss
eteiptip ete eteipistipthe fourth
eteistage. eteiptip ipttemporary
iste
thoughbitsbes eand eteipHe
lived. eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb cbcsbs cc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
endangers his life for it. But it is nothing more than a bubble. The fifth role is of a middle aged man. He has a
round belly. He cites modern instances. In the sixth stage, man becomes very weak. He has pouches to carry
ss ss sips has become ss ps because
teiptsihim sipshas become ss s
teiptsipbig teiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptipand hisbcstight
money eteipthose eteiptip too bigefor eteipthe eteiptipvery lean.eHis manlyevoice eteiptip
is turning again towards childish treble.
In the lasts stage, the condition of mans becomes verys miserable. Now sips he has grown
e teiptsips e teiptsips has loste ptips
teiall e
s
teiptsiptaste. e teiptips almost
e ptips
teilike e teipthe e ps very old
teiptsiby e
and
teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
weak. He ccb s
b s – teeth,
ccb s
b s
eyes, He
b
cc sb s
becomes b
cc s
b s a child
ccb b s
and
s is b
cc b s
forgotten
s other
b
cc s
b s
people. b
cc s
b s
Shakespeare wants us to realise that life we spend in this world is not much to us. So we have to lead a
ss meaningful life.
esteiptip esti
e ptsips ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
Glossary Page 90
eteiptip eteiptime eteiptip eteiptip
– lifetime eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
parts – here, characters
ages – here,
ss ss ss sips periodsteiofsiptime
s sips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e teipt pt esteiptmakes
bcsbesnoise thatcbacsbcat eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs mewling
cbcsbs cbcsb– s a small cweak cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
POEM - All the World’s a Stage
puking – vomiting
s
besteiptsips s
b esteipwhining
tsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
– tip
es
expressing
etsip
s
s
unhappiness
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
c c creeping ccb b b
c c – walking cslowly
c b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
satchel – a shoulder bag
ss tsips ss tsips where teiptsipissmade sbesteiptsips ss ss ss ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesteipfurnace b sbesteiptip b sbesteipplace
–
b sbesfire sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sesteiptip
b sbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c cbc c bc c bc c bc c bc
woeful – unhappy
ss oaths – promises
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
esteiptipas a leopard
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb pard cbcsbs cbcb– s a large cat,
s cbcsbsuch cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
justice – here, a judge, someone very respected
ss tsips ss ss sps psips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipsaws eteiptip – sayings
eteiptip steipti
bcsbefor sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs pouch cbcsbs cbcsb– s a small cbag c bc
carrying money cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
hose – tights, thin trousers that men wore in Shakespeare’s time
s
b esteiptsips s
bes
s
teipatsipworld too
sb steiptsips
wide
e s
b–
es tsips too big
teipmuch sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
pipes – a high sound
second childishness – being like a childs again
3
ss ptsips ptsips ptsips s ss ss ss ss ss

e
S/ans bcsbestei
bcsbe
– stei
without bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
1. Fill in the blanks using the words given in the box to complete the summary of the poem.
UNIT
ss ss tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips psips ss

eteiptip eteiptip bsbese bsbese bsbese bsbese bsbese bsbese sbestei t91
bPage eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cbcsbs
Shakespeare considers the whole world a stage where men and women are only (1) actors. They
ss sipsenter theteipstage
ss tiptsipsare born iptsipsexit when tsips die. Every sps duringteiphis
ss ptsips ss
eteiptip eteipt(2) e tip when they
bcsbeseIn the first
and
beste as an infant,
they
eteip eteiptiman, e tip life time,
eteiplays eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs seven rolescbcsbsbased oncage. cbcsact, cbcsbs he is wholly
cbcsbs(3) dependent
cbcsbs on the mother
cbcsbs or a cbcsbs
nurse. Later, emerging as a school child, he slings his bag over his shoulder and creeps most (4) reluctantly
s
b esteiptsips s
b es
sipsschool. His
teiptto sbes
sips act is that
teiptnext sbesteiptsipofs a lover,
s
b estbusy s
s
b esteiptsips ballads
eiptsip (5) composing s
b estfor s
eiptsiphis beloved
s
b es tsips yearnssefor
teipand b s ips
teiptsher sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc
(6) attention. bc
In the cfourth stage, c b
hec is aggressive b
c cand ambitious b
c c and seeks c(7) b b
c reputationcinc all that b
cc
112
he does. He (8) promises solemnly to guard his country and becomes a soldier. As he grows older, with
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c a fair judge. bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c During thisc stage, he is cfirm and (10) cserious. In
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
(9) maturity and wisdom, he becomes
the sixth act, he is seen with loose pantaloons and spectacles. His manly voice changes into a childish
ss sips treble. The s scene of sipsis his second ss teiptsips he loses s faculties ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipt(11) iptsiplast
beste and exits esteiptall esteiptipchildhood. esSlowly, esteihis
ptsip(12) esteiptipof sight,bcshearing,
esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs smell and cbcstaste cbcsbfrom bcsb
the roles of his life.
c c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c b cbcsbs
attention actors serious enter treble maturity
ss ss ss ss sips sips sips sips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip faculties
eteiptip eteiptip
promises csbes
teipt estei pt e tei pt e tei pt eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbreluctantly cbcsbreputation cbcsbs composing cbcsbs dependent cbcsbs cbcsbs
2. From the understanding of the poem, answer the following questions briefly in a sentence
s
besteiptsips s
b estei p s
tsiptwo.
or s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
a) What is the world compared to?
ss s s The world sis scomparedteiptotsipasstage. teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbes bcsbes bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c they havectheir exits and
b) “And c their entrances”
c - Whatcdo the wordsc‘exits’ and ‘entrances’
c c
mean? Page 92
ss ss teiptsipsdeath sand sips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip ‘Exits’ emeans eteipt‘entrance’ eteiptip birth.bcsbesteiptip
means eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
c) What is the first stage of a human’s life?
ss Infant is the first stage ofsphuman life. sps
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teipti s pi
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s s s s s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs

b
cbc d) Describe cbc b c bc b c bc c bc
the second stage of life as depicted by Shakespeare. c bc
In the second stage he emerges as a school child. He slings his bag over his shoulder and creeps most
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips reluctantly
s
b esteiptsiptos school.sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc cbc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
e) How does a man play a lover’s role?
As a lover, hes is busy composing ballads for his beloved sand yearns forsher attention.s
ss ptsips ptsip ptsips ptsips s s s ss ss
b sbesteiptip b sbesti
e b sbesti
e b sbesti
e b sbestei
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sesteiptip
b b sbesteiptip
c c c c f) Bring
c out the features
c c c of thec fourth stagec of a man ascdescribed byc the poet.
c c c c c c c c
Soldier is the fourth stage. Here man seeks fame though it is temporary and short lived. He endangers
ss s s his life for sit.s But it is tnothing
s s more than s sa bubble. teiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e eiptip eteiptip e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
g) When does a man become a judge? How?
In the fifth stage he becomes a judge. By the time he develops a round belly. He has a formal beard
eteiptip eteiptip andbcquotes
eteiptipmany proverbs
eteiptip and modern
eteiptipinstances.eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
h) Which stage of man’s life is associated with the “shrunk shank”?
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips In thesbesixth
steiptsipstage
s man’siptlife
s
b este sips is associated
sbesteiptsipswith thesbes“shrunk
teiptsips shank”.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
c c i) Why b
c cis the last cstage bc called csecond bc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
childhood?
The last stage ends the eventful history of man. In this stage he is like a child without teeth, sight
3
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip andbctaste.
s
b esteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
3. Explain the following lines briefly with reference to the context. UNIT
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptiptheir exists
cbcsbs cbcsbs a) ”They
cbcsbhave cbcsbs and theircbentrances;
And one man in his time plays many parts” .
s s Reference
ss
eteiptip eteiptip teiptsip:s ss
esteiptip
sps
steipti
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip iptsips ss
eteiptip
beste Shakespeare’s
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs csbes lines are
cbThese cbcsbtaken bcsbethe
fromc‘All cbcsbsStage’ which
World’s a cbcsbiss an extract
cbcsfrom cbcsbs ‘As cbcsbs
You Like It’.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteip tsips Context
s
b esteip:tsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
The poet utters these words when he wants to express how man enters the world. 113
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Explanation : c c c c c c c
In this part Shakespeare says that the world is a stage. Man enters this stage through his birth
ss ss psips the stage ps
psithrough psips between s and death
psipbirth psipshe playsestmany
psips roles –estseven
psips ss
eteiptip eteiptip andbche leaves
sbestei t sbestei t
death. In
sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sb ei t sb ei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c
roles. c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc cbcsbs
b) ”Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel,
ss ss s ss
eiptsipbubblebreputation” iptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip Seeking
etthe eteiptip . sbeste eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Reference :
These lines are taken from ‘All the pWorld’s a Stage’ which is an extract from Shakespeare’s ‘AspYou
sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s estei tsips sesteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips se stei tsips sesteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b Likeb
ccIt’.
b b
cc b ccb b b
cc b ccb b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
Context :
ss ss ptsips explainsesthow s
eiptsip a soldier
s
eiptsip be. bsbesteiptsip
s ss ss ss ss
csbesteipoet bcsb bcsbestwould c bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Explanation :
In this part Shakespeare says that thesworld is a stage. s Man plays many
s roles ton the stage. These
ss iptsips lines sexplain
iptsipsthe fourth ptsips iptsip In thissstage
iptsiphe iptsipcare iptsipsand reputation.
ss ss
eteiptip e te e te e tistage
e ie. of e te
soldier. e te takes e te
great of e e
honour eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s cbcb s s
cbcb s cbcbs s cbcb s s
cbcb s s
He is quick to get into any argument. He tries to get reputation which is as short-lived as a bubble.
ss c)s s “Is second schildishness

s and
s smere oblivion;
iptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip Sansbcsteeth,
beste everything”. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bs sans eyes, cbcsbssans taste,
cbcssans cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Reference :
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips These
sbe s
ps are taken
teiptsilines s
b es
s ‘All thetipWorld’s
teiptsipfrom sbes etsip
s a Stage’
s
b es
s is antextract
teiptsipwhich s
b es
s
eiptsip from s
b steiptsips
Shakespeare’s
e s
b es
sips
teiptYou
‘As s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
c cIt’. b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Like
Context : s
ss ptsips ptsip tsips s
teiptasipman ptsips ss ss ss ss
e bThe
csbesteipoet bc besteipthe
describes
s last role
bcsbesof inbc besteieventful
his
s life.
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Explanation :
ss ss s Shakespeare psips saysesthatpsipsthe world psipasstage. eHe sips many te psips on theesstage.
psips psips
eteiptip eteiptip bIn psippart
this
sbestei t sbestei t sb tei t
is
sbestei t
pplays
sbstei t
roles
sbesi t sb tei t sbestei t
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
These lines explain the last stage of man. In this stage he becomes like a child and it is his second c bc c bc
childishness. It is the stage of oblivion. He is forgotten by his people. He is without teeth, sight, taste
ss s s and everything.
Additional
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Explain the following lines briefly with reference to the context.
3
ss a)
s s “At first tthe sinfant
b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbeseiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip
c c c c Mewling
c c and puking
c in the nurse’s
c c arms”;
c c c c c c c c c c c
Reference :
UNIT
ss ss sps are taken ss tsips a Stage’ ss s

eiptsip from teiptsips sips ss
eteiptip eteiptip bThese
eteiptilines eteiptipfrom ‘Allbcsthe
eteipWorld’s eteiptipwhich isbcsan
etextract eShakespeare’s teiptYou
e‘As eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs c bs cbcsbs c bs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Like It’.
ss Context : sps
eteiptip e teiptsips teipti sps
esteiptipoem teiptsips ss
eteiptip iptsips
beste
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs csbes poet begins
cbThe cbcsbthe bcsbesthe
cwith cbcsbs– the infant
first stage cbcsstage. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Explanation :
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips In s
b ethis
s
s Shakespeare
teiptsippart s
b esteiptsips sayssbthat
es
ps world eisteip
teiptsithe sb s atsps
istage.
sb steiptsipsmany roles
He eplays
s
b es
sipsthe stage.
teipton s
bes
sips
teiptThe sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b b
c cstage is thatcofc infant. As an b
c cinfant he makes b
c c slight noise b b
c cas a cat does. He
c c vomits in b
c cthe arms b
cc
first
114
of the nurse. He is totally dependent on others.
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bc
c the whiningc school boy, withsb
ss
esteiptip
c a satchel c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
b) “Then
And shining morning face, creeping like snail.
These lines are taken from ‘All the World’s a Stage’ which is an extract from Shakespeare’s ‘As You
Like It’.
eteiptip eteiptip Context
The poet comes describes the second stage – the school boy.
s
besteiptsips s
s
b esteiptsips : sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc cbc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
In this part Shakespeare says that the world is a stage. He plays many roles on the stage. School
boy is the second stage of man. He has shining face in the morning but when he gets ready to go to
ss ss s
teiptsiphis ptsips changes. He s s movesteipslowly
ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip school bcsbewith
s bc esteiattitude
bag shis
b bcsbesteiptip bcsbes tip to bschool
csbesteiptiplike a snail.
c c c c c c c c c c
c) “And then the lover
ss
eteiptip ete iptsips Sighing like
t iptsipfurnace,
s
ete
withiptsiapswoeful ballad”.
ete iptsips ete iptsips eteiptsips ete iptsips ete iptsips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsbese cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Reference :
These lines are taken from ‘All the World’s a Stage’ which is an extract from Shakespeare’s ‘As You
eteiptip eteiptip LikebcIt’.

Context :
The poet utters thesespwords to describe the third sstage – the lover
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteipti s sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc
Explanation : cc
b b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
In this part Shakespeare says that the world is a stage. He plays many roles on the stage. Lover is
ss ss tsips ss sips ss ss ss teiptsips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip the bthird
csbesteipstage. He
bc
always
sbesteiptip sighs blike
csbestaeiptfurnace because
bcsbesteiptipof his banxiety. He
csbesteiptip composes
bcsbesteiptipsongs bin
csbehonour
s bcsbesteiptip
c c of chis lady love. c c c c c c c
ss d) “The sixth age shifts

eteiptip teiptsips teiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb
es Into
cbcthe
es bcsbese pantaloons,
b lean andcslipper’d
s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
With spectacles on nose and pouch on side”:
ss ss psip:s psips psips psips psips psips psips ss
sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
These lines are taken from ‘All the World’s a Stage’ which is an extract from Shakespeare’s ‘As You c bc cbcsbs
Like It’.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteip tsips Context
sbesteip:tsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
The poet wants to describe the stage little above the youth
3
ss s s Explanation s s: ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
c c c In this part Shakespeare
c says
c that the world
c is a stage.cHe plays many c roles on the cstage. The c
sixth stage brings him to lean pantaloons. He has spectacles and develops pouch. His youthful dress
UNIT
ss s s becomesteiptoo
s sbig for him. ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip e tip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
4. Read the poem once again carefully and identify the figure of speech that has been used
in each of the following lines from the poem.
ss ss teiptsips psips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbesworld’s sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs a) “Allcthe is cabcstage”. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Metaphor.
s
b esteiptsips s
b es tsip s “And all
teipb) sbes
s
eiptsipmen and
tthe s
b steiptsips merely
women
e s
b es eiptsip
s
tplayers”. s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Metaphor. 115
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip b csb
ss
esteiptip
c shining morningbcsb
ss
esteiptip b
c face, creepingcsb
ss
esteiptip
c like snail”.c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c) “And
Simile.
ss ss teiptsips oaths, ss sps ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptithe eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs d) “Full
cbcof
sbesstrange cbcsbsand bearded
cbcsblike pard”.
Simile.
ss e)s s “Seekingtip
the
sipsbubble reputation”
psips psips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbeset sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc
Metaphor. c bc c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
f) “His youthful hose, well sav’d, a world too wide”
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips Alliteration.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
g) “and his big manly voice, turning again towards childish treble”
ss s s Personification.
c c5. Pick out c the wordscin ‘alliteration’c in the following
c c
lines.
c c c
ss a)s s “and all the s men

s and women s s merely players”
ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c bcsbs bcsb bcsb
and – all ; men – merely.
c c c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
b) “And one man in his time plays many parts”
eteiptip e tip manbc–sbemany.
tei p eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c bcsbs c s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
c) “Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel”.
s
besteiptsips b
iptsips quicks–esquarrel.
seste
b teiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
6. Read the given lines and answer the questions that follow.
ss tsip s Then sthe tsips school-boy, ss tsips ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipa) bc esteipwhining
b bcsbesteiptip withbcshis
besteipsatchel bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
And shining morning face, creeping like snail
Unwilling to go to school.
ss ss ss teiptsips ss iptsips psips ss teiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip i. bcWhich
eteiptip sbeslife esteiptip beste by the sbestei t eteiptip csbes 93 eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs stage cbcof is being
cbcsbreferred ctobcshere cbcpoet? cbcsbs cbPage cbcsbs
The second stage, the school boy is being referred to here by the poet.
ss ss s the characteristics
psipare tiptsips s stage?tiptsips
iptsipthe tiptsips tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteip tip ii. bcWhat
sbestei t bcsbese
tof
bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
In this stage the boy goes to school with his bag. His face is shining. c cbcsbs cbcsbs
s s iii. How s does the boysgo to school?

esteiptsips estei pt i p estei pt i ps estei pt i ps esteiptsips es teiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b ccbThe
s
b boy goes
ccto
b s
b school with his
b
ccsb bag unwillingly.
b
cc s
b He moves
cctowards
b s
b the school
ccb s
b as slowly
c c snail.
as
b s
b a b
ccsb
iv. Which figure of speech has been employed in the second line?
3
ss ss spsemployedteipintsipthe
s secondtiline.
ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bSimile
csbesteiptiis bcsbes bcsbeseptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
b) Then a soldier,
s full of strange s oaths, and bearded like a pard,
UNIT
ss s s s s sips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eeti pt i p Jealous t i pt i p
eine honour, bsudden e e pand quick
t ipt i teiptquarrel
ein eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Seeking the bubble reputation
Even in the cannon’s mouth.
ss ss ss teiptsips teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip i. bcWhat
eteiptip csbes ready sbesdo? eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs is thecbsoldier cbcto cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The soldier is ready to quarrel. ‘Quarrel’ here means argument.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteip tsips ii. Explain
s
b esteiptsips‘bubble
s
b es eiptsip
s
treputation’. s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
116 A bubble means empty and it stays only for a short time. Reputation also is as short-lived as a
bubble.
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12bcsb
ss
esteiptip
iii.c What are the c distinguishing
c featurescof this stage?c c c c
I n this stage the soldier is full of promises. He has a beard like a leopard. He tries to gain honour
ss ss and ptsipiss quick toesttake
teihe s ss
eiptsip up anybsargument. Even ps risk of ehis
eiptsithe sipshe tries to sips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip csbes is as short eteiptip etat teiptlife eteiptachieve reputation
eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbwhich c cbs
cbcsb lived as bubble. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
c) And then the justice,
ss ss teiptsipsbelly with ptsips capon elin’d,
teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip In fair round
e eteigood eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
With eyes sever and beard of formal cut,
Full of wise saws and modern instances;
b
cc b cc
b b i. c cWhom doesc justice
b b bc b referc to?
bc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
Justice refers to man in his fifth stage.
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip tip ii. bcDescribe
sbesteiptip hisbcappearance.
sbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c
c c c c c c
e has a fair belly; he has become fat from eating chicken. He has a serious look and a formal
H
c c
beard.
ss ss ss iptsips iptsips teiptsipshim? sbesteiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip iii. bcHow
eteiptip beste beste peoplecbaround
csbes eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs does he cbcsbehave with
cbcsthe cbc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
He behaves with the people around him as a learned man.
ss ss s he do
psipdoes sipsshow histeiwisdom?
ptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteip tip iv. bcWhat
sbestei t tiptto
bcsbese bcsbes bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip

c c c c
To show his wisdom he quotes many proverbs and modern instances. c c
esteiptsips Additional
esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
ccsb b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b
Read the given lines and answer the questions that follow.
ss tsips teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipa) “All bcs
thebesworld’s a bcs
stage,
besteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
And all men and women are merely players
ss They have stheir exits andstheir entrances”;
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptips psips
sbestei t
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s c bcsb s c bcsb s
i. What is the world compared to? c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The world is compared to a stage.
ss ss ss iptsips ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip ii. bcAccording
eteiptip bestepoet what eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs tobcs
c the cbcsbsare men cand
bcsbeswomen? cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
According to the poet men and women are players on the stage.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteip tsips iii. What
s
b esteiptsipare
s the exits
sbesteiptsipand
s entrances?
sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
c Thec exits arecdeathsbc b
c centrances are
and the b
c cbirths. b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
3
b)s s “With spectacles
s s on nose
s
ss
esteiptip s esteiptip His youthful
s esteiptiphose, bwell
s iptsiand
estesav’dps poucheon
s s
sides;
teiptsips s
ss
esteiptip s
ss
esteiptip s
ss
esteiptip s
ss
esteiptip s
ss
esteiptip
c bc b c bc b c bc b c c b a world
c bc b too wide”c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b c bc b
i. Which stage of man is referred to here?
UNIT
ss ss ptsips stage of ptsipsis referred sipshere. ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bTheeteisixth eteiman eteiptto eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
ii. Describe his appearance.
ss He hass spectacles to see and he keeps a pouch toscarry money. s s
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptips pip
sbestei t
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b
cbc s c bcsb s c bcsb s c bcsb s
iii. What happens to his younger days’ dress? c bcsb s c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The younger days’ dress becomes too big for him because he has become very lean.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
117
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c) “Iscsecond childishness
c c oblivion;
and mere c c c c c
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything”.
ss ss ss teiptsipsis referred ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip i. bcWhich
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs stage cbcof
sbesman cbcsbs to here?
The last and the seventh stage is referred to here.
ss s s ii. What psipiss the significance
psips of this psipstage?
s psips psips psips psips ss
cbcsbs cbcsbs c b c c bc c bc c bc c bc c
In this stage man reaches his second childhood and he is not conscious of what is happening
bc c bc cbcsbs
around him. He is not in a position to help others. He is without teeth, sight and taste.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips se
b steiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
c7.c Complete b b
c c the tablecbased
c b
on your
c c understanding b
cc b
of thecpoem.
c b
cc b
cc b
cc
Stage Characteristic
ss ptsips ptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
e 1st stage,
bcsbestei
infant bcsbesteiptip crying
c c c c c c c c c c
judge full of proverbs
ss sips ss ss sudden ps quick tto
teiptsiand s
eiptsipquarrel ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptsoldier eteiptip eteiptip e e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 6th stage cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
unhappy cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
second childhood sans teeth, eyes and taste
ss ss teiptsips ss tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip csbes eteiptip ee eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Schoolcbboy cbcsbs whining
old man oblivion
esteiptsips 8. ete tisps

ipBased on ethe
sps
teipti understanding
eteipti
sps
pti
eteipoem,
of bthe
sps
eteipti the following
answer
sps
eteipti questions
eteipti in about ti
eteip100
sps sps sps
e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
b s
– 150 words each. You may add your own ideas if required, to present and justify your
point of view.
ss tsip s Describe sips ptsips of aeman’s
teiptsips life picturised ss s
eiptsip ‘Allbthe ptsips ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipa) bcsbesteiptthe various
bcsbesteistages bcsb s bcsbesteiptip in bthe
csbestpoem csbesteiWorld’s bc esteiptip
a sStage”.
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Poem All the World’s a Stage
ss ss ss Poetss William
s s Shakespeare psips psips psips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbsTheme cbcsbMan c bc c bc
plays seven roles in the life of drama c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs
ss ss ss ss sipsthe world’s
pAll s
pasipstage, psips psips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc c bc
And all the men and women merely players; c bc c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs
Shakespeare pconsiders the pwhole world apstage where men and women are only actors.
s esteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s estei tsips s estei tsips sestei tsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b They
c c enter the stage
b b c c when they
b b c care born andc cexit when they
b b b b c c die. Every cman,
b b bc during his
b c clife time,
b b b
cc b
plays seven roles based on age. In the first act, as an infant, he is wholly dependent on the mother
3
or a nurse. s Later, emerging as a school child, he slings his bag over

s
ss
esteiptip s
ss
esteiptip s
s
esteiptipto school.s teiptsips
eHis
s s teiptsips
ethat
s s teiptsips
ebusy
s s tsipshis shoulder
esteipballads s
ptsipand
s creepstimost
esteibeloved s eptsip
esyearns
s
s
ss
esteiptip
c bc b c bc b c bc b
reluctantly c bc b next act
c bis
c b of a lover,
c bc b composing
c bc b for
c bc b
his cand
bc b c bc b
for her attention. In the fourth stage, he is aggressive and ambitious and seeks reputation in all that
he does.ipHe s spromises tsolemnlys s to guard s shis country pand
sips becomesteipatsipsoldier. As he
teiptsigrows
ps older, ipwith
UNIT
ss ss s tsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip etetip e eiptip eteiptip sbestei t this stage,e csbesserious. In bestesixth eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs and wisdom,
maturity cbcsbshe becomes cbcsbasfair judge. cbcDuring cbcsbshe is firmcband cbcsthe cbcsbs
act, he is seen with loose pantaloons and spectacles. His manly voice changes into a childish treble.
ss ss The last iscene s s of all is this s second
s childhood.
iptsips Slowly, hes loses
s his faculties s s of sight, hearing,
ss smelliptand
ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteptip eseiptip sbeste esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip ete ip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb
taste and exits from cbcsbthe cbcthe
stage of world. cbcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Is second childishness andsipsmere oblivion;

s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b es tsips
teipsans teeth,
s
b esteiptsipseyes, sans
sans s
b esteipttaste, sans
s
b esteiptsips
everything s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
118
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcs
c skilfully brought
c b
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12bcsb
ss
esteiptip
b) Shakespeare has out thec parallels between
c c of man andcactors on
the life c
stage. Elaborate this statement with reference to the poem.
ss ss ss ss sips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptthe eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbsPoem cbcsbAll World’s
cbcsbsa Stage cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Poet William Shakespeare
ss ss ss Theme Manspplays seven roles in the life sof drama
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e teiptsips e teipti s e teiptsips e teiptips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
All the world’s a stage,
And all thepmen and women merely players;
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbestei tsips se
b steiptsips se
b steiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
In the beginning of the poem Shakespeare brings out the imagery of a drama stage and he
compares thes world to the stage. As needed for a drama sstage he introduces exits andsentrances. In s a
ss ss ptsip ptsips ptsips ptsip ptsips ptsip ptsip ss
s esteiptip s esteiptip drama est
anei actor has estei
particular time to
esteienter and exit.
es tei In the same e stei
way man enters
e stei this world tei
through
es esteiptip
c bc b c bc b cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb c bcsb
his birth and exits from this world through his death. In a drama different actors play different roles
on the stage. But in the world single man plays different roles at different time of his life. The poet
ss ss ss teiptsipsand takes tsips through eiptsip
s s
eiptsip to bthe
s
eiptsip stagebof teiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptiphim as ban
introduces einfant eteiphim etdifferent rolesetleading etfinal edeath. eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs c csbs cbcsbs
As the actors on the stage have their own script to act, man has separate script to act in his different
stages. As an infant he has a particular script and as an old man he has another script. Shakespeare
ss ss s
teiptsipwhole sips s
eiptsip into bseven sps eiptsip
s teiptsipsroles to teiptsiptos ss
eteiptip eteiptip divides ethe teiptman
lifeeof in thisetworld eteiptistages andethe has given eseven ehim eteiptip

play in the drama of life.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips You only
sbes
sips once, but
teiptlive s
b es
s
teiptifsipyou do sb eiptsip
itestright,
s
s
b esteiptsips s
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once is enough - Mae West
sb
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life of man stage by stage from infant to old man?
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cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs Poet cbcsbsWilliam Shakespeare
Theme Man plays seven roles in the life of drama
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And one man in his time plays many parts,
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He says that the world is a stage and all men and women are players on the stage and they play seven
roles during their lives. The first stage is that of an infant. He is a helpless child in his mother’s arms.
UNIT
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teiptsipwho sips ss ss
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The third stage brings before us the lover who sings sad ballads for his lady love. In the youthful age
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has round belly. He cites modern instances. In the sixth stage, man becomes very weak and lean.
His tight hose has become too big for him because he has become very lean. In the last stage, the
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like a child and he is forgotten by other people. Shakespeare wants us to realise that life we spend in
119
this world is not much to us. So we have to lead a meaningful life.
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ENGLISH
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Not how long but how well
ss ss ss you have lived is the main thing - Seneca
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tipti
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Shakespeare describes the characteristics of the various stages of man. You are in the second stage of
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life. What do you think of your roles and responsibilities at this stage? Discuss with your partner and share
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Yes I am in the second stage of Shakespeare’s division of man’s life. As it is said in the poem in
the beginning of my career as a student I too had the same problem. Now I am out of the trouble. Now
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the responsibilities which this stage has. I have to come to school regularly. I should take my classes very
seriously. Apart from the lessons I have to develop many of my skills. I should use this opportunity to have
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Stage
b
Listen to the poem and fill in the blanks with appropriate words and phrases. If required
Hour ofaTruth
listen to the poem again.

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The world is too much with us; late and soon,

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For this, for everything, we are out of tune;
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Or hear old Triton blow his wreathed horn. William Wordsworth
UNIT
s
b esteiptsips s
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120
c c c c c c c c c c
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
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c bcsb
ss
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ss
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c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
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ss
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ss
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ss
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ss
esteiptip
SUPPLEMENTARY
The Hour of Truth
(Play) cbcsbs cbcsbs
- Percival Wilde
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Pageest95 esteiptip
a) We judge people around us, based on their qualities and actions. We brand some people
ss as good and some bad. What qualities, do you think, characterise a gentleman? Somespof
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Supplementary - The Hour of Truth (Play)

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Walks gently Patient
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Avoid talking Honest
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probably pick them up on the sly or walk away ignoring them.
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3
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c c influence of money
c c The plot of the
on people. c play explores c greed from different
c angles.c Almost all individuals
c in c
this play are tempted by money. This one act play particularly shows how easily people forget their moral values
UNIT
ss andte ptsips
iprinciples. But pats s end oftipthe
ipthe sipsplay the treader
psips realizes sips money only
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frustration and endless shame. The play brings a positive note when the bad people get punished c bc c bc cbcsbs
and the good people get rewarded. We can see the battle between self and society in the characters of
ss Mr. Robert
tiptsips Baldwin,tipthetsipssecretarytiof
ptsipasbank andtitheptsipsbank president,
tiptsips Mr. JohntipGresham.
tsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eteiptip
Mr Baldwin represents an everyday American man. He works hard for a living. His salary is not
enough to support his family. When Mr. Gresham, Baldwin’s boss is accused of misappropriating the bank’s
s
b esteiptsips money,
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teiptsipeverything
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teichanges. Itshurts
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b s
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sips bank. Mr.teipBaldwin
teiptthe sbes tsips considers
s
b esteiptsipsMr. Gresham
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b esteiptsipass a goods
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Mr. Gresham is arrested, we lose confidence in his character. Mr Gresham is totally changed with his
121
greed for money. He teaches the readers how badly money influences people. After the arrest, Mr. Gresham
c c c c c c c c c c
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
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ss
esteiptip bc
c begs Mr. Baldwinsb
ss
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ss
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c words at thectime of his trial: s
b
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c “I don’t remember”.
c b
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c him one
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
As a reward he offers
hundred thousand dollars. It is really a large amount of money.
ss iptsips At this s
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s
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the bribe, they persuade Robert to tell those three words. Thus we can see how money changes the people’s
outlook.
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Gresham feel ashamed and he is forced to confess his crime. This story ends with a positive note. We see
honesty is rewarded sinsthe end. Robert Baldwin’s shonesty and integrity brings shim a job in another bank. He
s
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Marshall offering Baldwin a job in the Third National Bank.
s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip
c bc b c Glossary
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Page 106
ss wrecking
ss ss – ip
ruining,
s s destroying psips (here, bankruptcy)
ss ptsips ss ss ss
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cbcsbs cbcsbs indict cbcsbs cbcsb– s accuse orcbccharge cbcsbsfor a crime
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c sb cbcsbs cbcsbs
testify – give evidence as a witness in court
ss tsips psips tsipsway John ptsips sps psips ss ss ss

eteiptip eteipgovernor sbestei t
– te
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seipti
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cbcsbs cbcsbs go on thecbcstand cbcsb– s testify during
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smash-up – complete collapse (insolvency)
s
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b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
– angrily sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
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b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb b
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perjure – swear falsely
haggle – argue, disagree
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipreckoned bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
– calculated bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
misappropriate – to take other’s money dishonestly for one’s own use
nonplussed – confused, puzzled
ss ss ss ss tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
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cbcsbs cbcsbs baptized
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s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
of his own accord – voluntarily, without compulsion
ss technicality – a sminor detail s s
eteiptip e teiptips ss
esteiptip othersbcsbesteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
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b c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
hypocrites –
people who put on a false appearance, pretenders
s
b esteiptsips s
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esteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
c c buoyantly b
cc b
c c – cheerfully b
cc b
cc b
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piteously – sympathetically
3
ss tsips s
eiptsip following sips ptsipas meaningful ss ss tsips summary ss ss
bcsbesteiptip 1.bcsb
ipRearrange
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c c c c c c c c c c
the play.
UNIT
ss a)s s Baldwin twho s sreturned thome s s after meeting s s Gresham,teipinformed

ss s s that Gresham
his tfamily s s had offered s sa ss
eteiptip eteiptip eseiptip eseiptip esteiptip es tip eseiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
hundred thousand, if he would utter the words ‘I don’t remember’ in court, during the trial.
b) The family members tried to justify Gresham’s act and enticed Baldwin into accepting the money.
ss ss iptsips teiptsips ss tiptsips teiptsips teiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip beste Hour ofcbTruth’
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Page 107
d) Baldwin was an honest and upright man, working under John Gresham, in a bank.
s
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s
b esteiptsips President
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b esteiptsipsof the sbThird
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teiptsipNational,
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b esteiptsips him and
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cc b
cc b
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cc b
cc b
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122 Gresham had confessed his crime, in order to free him from betraying his trusted friend and testifying
painfully against him.
c c c c c c c c c c
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
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c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12bcsb
ss
esteiptip
f) Gresham and Baldwin had beencthick friends for
c over 30 yearsc and Baldwinchad even named c his son c
after Gresham.
ss tsip s Baldwin s
eiptsipdisgusted
s
eiptsip himself sps iptsip s teiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipg) etfelt etwith eteiptithe
and eteof
attitude his family emembers. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
h) Gresham had been arrested for misappropriation of money at the bank and Baldwin was to testify
ss against him.
eteiptip teiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
esteiptip psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b es bcsbese also coffered
cbc i) Mr.cMarshall bcsbese Baldwincbacsbjob c bc c bc c bc
in his Bank, to reward him for his honesty and integrity. c bc cbcsbs
j) The family members who were initially against Gresham, changed their mind on hearing the huge sum
s
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b estei ptsips offered
s
b eby
s
ps
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b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Summary
ss ss ss ss ss s JohntiGresham,
ss ptsips Gresham sips ss
esteipt ip Baldwin
esteiptip was an honest
esteiptip and upright
esteiptipman, working
sunder in ate
bcsbesteiptip bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsbesteiptip bcsbeseptip bcsbesibank. bcsbesteiptand bcsbesteiptip
c c Baldwinc had been thick c friends for over c 30 years cand Baldwin had c even named c his son afterc Gresham. c
Gresham had been arrested for misappropriation of money at the bank and Baldwin was to testify
ss against
ss him.tiBaldwin
ptsips whoesreturned
teiptsips home after
s s meetingteiGresham,
ss informed s s his family that
s s Gresham had
ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bese esteiptip es ptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs offeredcabcshundred c b sb c b sb c b sb c b sb
thousand, if he would utter the words ‘I don’t remember’ in court, during the trial.
c c c c c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs
The family members who were initially against Gresham, changed their mind on hearing the huge sum

offered by him. s The
s familytipmembers tried stosjustify Gresham’s
ss
eteiptip eteiptip
ss
eteiptip bese
tsips esteiptip teiptsips actsbeand teiptsipenticed
s Baldwin s s into accepting
eteiptip beste
iptsips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs the money. cbcsbsBaldwin felt cbcsdisgusted cbcsbhimself
with csbesattitude of
andcbthe cbchissfamily members.cbcsbs To save cbcsBaldwin, cbcsbs
Mr. Marshall, President of the Third National, visited him and informed him that Gresham had confessed
his crime, in order to free him from betraying his trustedps friend and testifying painfully against him.ps Mr.
s
besteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbestei tips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b estei tips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc Marshallc also
bc offered Baldwinccb a job inc his
bc Bank, to reward c c him for his
b c chonesty andc integrity.
b b c Thusc ‘The
b c Hour b
cc
of Truth’ had dawned relieving Baldwin of the heavy burden and guilt.
ss sps sps sps sps sps sps ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip 2. tipti pti
sbesteifollowing
bsb eseAnswerbthe esteipti
bsbquestions steipti or two
binsbeone esteipti
bsbsentences beach.
pi
sbestei t b sbesteiptip b sesteiptip
b b sbesteiptip
c cc cc cc cc cc cc c c c c c c
a) Why did Baldwin meet Gresham?
ss ss ps president
psithe ps the bank
psiof sips psipsthe bankesteimoney
psips and ehe sips arrested. ps
psiMr. ss
eteiptip eteiptip Gresham,
sbestei t sbestei t
pmisappropriated
sbestei t sbestei t sb t
pwas
sbstei t sbestei t eteiptip
Gresham asked Mr. Baldwin the Governor of the bank and his close friend to meet him to discuss how c bc cbcsbs
to come out of this problem.
ss tsips Whatsemade
teiptsipsMartha eiptsip
s tsips from tsipsbank?sesteiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipb) etwithdraw eteipmoney
her eteipthe eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
She read in the newspaper about the wrecking of the bank and she withdrew her money on her own
against the wishes of her husband.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc c c c) How
b c cis Martha’sc strong
b bc conviction
ccb in Baldwin’s
b
cc integrity
c c revealed?c c
b b b
cc b
cc
Marth told her daughter Evie that her husband Baldwin never did anything wrong. She was sure that
3
ss s s Baldwinteicould
s s not haveteipdone
s s anything wrong.
ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbes ptip bcsbes tip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c
d) What had Donovan told John?
c c c c c c
Donovan had told John that nobody had any idea that there was something wrong with the bank.
UNIT
ss ss ss ss psips psips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptipGresham eteiptip sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs e) John
cbcsbfeels cbcsbsdeserves
cbcpunishment. cbcWhy? cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
John feels that Gresham was paying his staff poorly. Even his father was underpaid. So he feels that
ss Greshampdeserves punishment.
eteiptip e teiptsips e tei tsips ss
eteiptip iptsips
beste
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
cbc f) What s
b s cbcsbs advice ctobcsGresham?
cbc was Baldwin’s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Baldwin advised Gresham to make good the loss of the customers.
s
b esteiptsips s
b es tsips Whatsedid
teipg) b s
ps
teiptsiGresham s
b esteiptsipsBaldwin
want s
b es ptsips
teito do? s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Gresham wanted Baldwin to save him from the case. 123
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c words ‘I don’t
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
h) Explain the significance of the remember’.
These are the words which Gresham wants Baldwin to tell the court. If Baldwin says that he does not
ss ss sps ss ps be punished.ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip remember
eteipticertain things,
eteiptipGresham ewill
teiptsinot eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
i) Why does John turn wild on hearing that Gresham had offered his father money?
Gresham did not pay his father well when he was working as a governor of the bank. But now he
ss sips s
eiptsipmoney sto
s
eiptsipa lie. Sosbhe ptsips wild. esteiptsips psips psips psips ss
eteiptip sbestei pt offered
sbesthim besttell esteiturns sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbc cbc cbc cbc cbc sb cbc cbc cbc cbcsbs
j) When would Baldwin part company with Gresham?
When Gresham ceases tospbe honest Baldwin would part company with Gresham. sps
teiptsips ee tiptsips ese tiptsips e tipti s tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tipti teiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
bes cbcsbs k) What
cbcsbdoes csbes
cbconsider
John bcsbese
‘a ctechnicality’?
ee
cbcsbs
ee
cbcsbs
ee
cbcsbs b
cc s
bes b
cc s
bes
Nobody loses any money and nobody wants to punish Gresham. John considers this as a technicality.
ss ss sps ptsips shame? ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipl)tip Whybcswas
esteiptiJohn
b filled
bcsbesteiwith bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
John was filled with shame because he carried the name of Gresham who would be punished for
misappropriation of money.
ss ss iptsips ss sps tsips sps ss ss ss
beste did Gresham bcsbesteiptiBaldwin esteipsaving steipti and how
bcsbeskin eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs m) How
cbcsmuch cbcsbs offercto pay cbcsbfor chis cbcsbsdid he justify
cbcsbsthat? cbcsbs
Gresham offered to pay hundred thousand dollars. Gresham justified saying that Baldwin was
ss underpaidps when he waspins service and pthe hundred thousand dollarspwould be the p difference between
eteiptip e teiptsips e tei tips e tei tips e tei tsips e teiptsips e tei tsips e tei tsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s what s s
cbche was paidcband
b s s
c what he chad
b s s
bc been worth
b s s
cbcto the bank. cbc
b s
b s cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs
n) What was Mr. Marshall’s offer to Baldwin?
esteiptsips ss
eteiptip Mr. Marshall
ss ss
eteiptip offered Baldwin
s
eiptsipbank, theetThird
eteiptip a job inetthe
s
eiptsip National. ss
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
o) How was Baldwin’s honesty rewarded?
At the end Gresham accepted his guilt so Baldwin need not give witness against his boss. Because of
ss ptsips his honesty
tiptsips sips teiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
bcsbesteiptip e
bsb sti
e steiptin
bsbese he gotbasbejob the Third
bsbesNational. bsbese bsbese bsbese bsbese b sbesteiptip
c cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc c c
3. Based on your understanding of the play, complete the Graphic Organiser given below.
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss tsips ss
eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip Page
esteip108 eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsbs
Title : The Hour of Truth Author : Percival Wilde
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip Setting
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs : cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs Characters
cbcsbs : cbcsbs cbcsbs
Parlour of a little cottage where a family awaits Baldwin, Martha, Evie, John, Mr. Marshall.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsipsthe return
sbes tsipsthe head,
teipof s
b es ptsipsBaldwin.esBaldwin
teiMr. s
b teiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
and chis
c family members b
c c discuss cthe bc problem c c b b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Theme:
in the Bank where Baldwin was working.
Tendency to be corrupted by the power
3
ss ss ss ss ss ss psips psips psips ss

b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip b sbesteiptip sbestei t of money.
sbestei t sbestei t sbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c c c cbc cbc cbc c bc
Climax : Plot :
UNIT
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss teiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteipt ip Mr. esteiptip Baldwineteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
Gresham accepts his crime. Baldwin’s honesty c bcsb cbcsbRobert cbcsbsworks in cthe
bcsbesbank cbcsbs
of Mr. Gresham, who is now in police custody
is proved. Mr. Marshall offers him a job in the
for misappropriation of depositors’ money. He
ss ss s s Third National.
ss ss sips Mr. Baldwin, sps ptsips 100000/- psips ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e offers
tei pt
bcsbesteipti a truthful
sbestei person, sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs dollars cas c bc
bribe to say three words ‘I don’t c bc cbcsbs
Values highlighted in the play : remember” at the time of the trial which is
s esteiptsips s esteiptsip s
s esteiptsip s
s esteiptsip s
s esteiptsip s
s esteiptgoing
sip to taketeipplace
s
s es tsips the next
s esteipday.
tsips The reaction
s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b We should
c c not be carried
b b c c away by cthe
b b bc power of c c
b b b b b
to this coffer
c from allc other b c b members b
c c of his
b b
cc b
124 money. Honesty will be rewarded at the end. family is the main plot of the play.
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c4. Answerc in a paragraph c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12bcsb
ss
esteiptip
in aboutc 150 words ceach. c c c c
a) Trace the bond of friendship between Baldwin and Gresham. Explain why Baldwin wished
eteiptip e etip to attribute
t i p eteiptip some eteiptip to hisbcsfriend.
credit eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
money corrupts – Baldwin honest and upright – working in bank of John Gresham – good friends
– Baldwin’s son Gresham –sGresham – misappropriation of money – Baldwin to testify
ss teiptsips Gresham tsips – Baldwin teiptsips to part
teiptsip honest s–besdecided iptsipsfriend –sepromised
teiptsips 100000 sips against thim –
iptsips ss
eteiptip e e teipsincere e e twith
e e teiptdollars – e e
Baldwin’s eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbc cbcsb s cbc b s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsbs
family greedy – wanted to help Gresham – Baldwin kept his honesty.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbes ptsips
teiTitle s
b es
s
eiptsipHour of
tThe sb steiptsips
Truth
e s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Author Percival Wilde
Theme Honesty will be ultimately rewarded
c c c c c c
Percival Wilde’s play “The Hour of Truth” c
is an intense c
psychological study. It cstudies the c
corrupting influence of money on people. The plot of the play explores greed from different angles.
ss ss psips sips play areteiptempted
sips psips This one psips psips shows ptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip Almostestall
sb ei t individuals sbesin
teiptthis sbes t byesmoney.
sb tei t sbestei t act play particularly
sbestei t sbestei how eteiptip
easily people forget their moral values and principles. Baldwin was an honest and upright man, working c bc c bc cbcsbs

under John Gresham, in a bank. Gresham and Baldwin had been thick friends for over 30 years and
ss ss Baldwin psipseven named
had s son after
psiphis s
psipGresham. psips hadesbeen
Gresham psipsarrestedestfor s
psipmisappropriation psips ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sb tei t sb ei t sbestei t eteiptip
of money at the bank and Baldwin was to testify against him. Gresham had been a sincere person c bc c bc cbcsbs
and Baldwin was an honest man. Both were good friends but when Baldwin came to know about
s
besteiptsips s
the misappropriation
sbeof
s
sips he decided
teiptmoney sbesteiptsips to part
sbesteiptsipshim. Though
with
sbes
s
teiptsipGresham sbesteiptsips to sgive
promised
bes
sips
teipthim s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b b
c c dollars forc saving
100000 c b
c c did not caccept
him Baldwin bc b b
c cAt the end Baldwin’s
the offer. cc b c
familycwanted to b
cc
help Gresham because they were greedy enough to get the money from Gresham. But Baldwin kept
ss ss his honestytiptsiptill
s the end.tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
esteiptip esteiptip ee ee ee ee ee ee ee esteiptip
Integrity is telling myself the truth. And honesty is telling the truth to other people.
b) How did Martha and John react when they came to know that Baldwin had rejected the
generous offer made by Gresham?
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs Title cbcsbsThe Hourcof
bcsbTruth cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
s
b esteiptsips s
b es ptsips
teiTheme sbes eiptsip
tHonesty s will betipultimately
sbes etsip
s
sb steiptsips
rewarded
e s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Baldwin was an honest and upright man, working under John Gresham, in a bank. Gresham
3
ss s s and Baldwin s shad beenteipthick
tsips
friends for over 30 years
tsips s sand Baldwin shad
s even named ptsips his son after
teiptsips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip Gresham.Gresham
bcsbesteiptip bcs
had
bes been bcs
arrested
besteipfor bcsbesteiptip of bmoney
misappropriation csbesteiptipat the bank
bcsbesteiand Baldwin
bcsbeswas to bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
testify against him.
s s Baldwinteihad
ptsipsdeterminedtiptsiptos testifysbeagainstsps Gresham. Baldwin’s family
teiptsips members ipwere
tsips withsBaldwin
UNIT
ss tiptsips iptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese
bcsbes againstcGresham. steipti heardcthat
bcsbeseGreshamcboffered
csbes to give bestehundredcbcthousand
beste eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs to ctestify cbc they
When cbcshim cbcsbs
dollars their perception changed. Martha was telling him that people would talk against Baldwin if he
ss testified iagainst Gresham. They wouldipsay that he ditched his closeipfriend. His son John told himipthat
eteiptip e teiptsips e teptsips e teiptsips e tetsips e teiptsips e tetsips e teiptsips tetsips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs sb
hecwould
bc s s
b
be ashamed s
cbc if Gresham s
b s
cbcwas punished s
b s
cbcbecause he chad s
b s
bc his name cwith sb s csbes of
bc him. Theircbchange cbcsbs
attitude shows how man changes when money corrupts him.
esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips e steiptsips esteiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b Integrity is
cctelling
b s
b myself
cc the
b s
b truth. And
b
cc honesty
s
b is telling
ccb sb the truthb
ccto
s
b other people.
b
cc sb b
ccsb
125
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c) Is cBaldwin reallyc honest or cdoes he maintain
c c
his honesty fearing ccriticism? Why c do you c
say so?
ss ss ss ptsips s ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiTitle etThe
eiptsipHour of Truth
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs Author cbcsbsPercival Wilde
Theme Honesty will be ultimately rewarded
ss ss sps s
tsiphonest tsips man, iptsips under iptsipsGresham, tipintsipasbank. Gresham
tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip b csbesteiptiBaldwin wastip
an
bcsbese
andtip
bcsbese
upright tworking
bcsbese
tJohn
and Baldwin had been thick friends for over 30 years and Baldwin had even named his son after c cbcsbs
Gresham. Gresham had been arrested for misappropriation of money at the bank and Baldwin was
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips to testify
s
b es
sips
teiptagainst him.te
sbes tsips
ipBaldwin was te
s
b es ptsips an honest
ireally s
bes
s If hetiphad
teiptsipman. s
bes
s
etsip not bbeen
sbes tsipshe would
teipso s
bes ptsips
teihave s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb
accepted b b
c coffer given cbyc Gresham. cEven
the huge bc if he testified b
c c for Gresham c c he wouldcjust bc say ‘I b
cc
don’t remember’. This would not reveal him to the public. Though his family members changed their
ss s s attitudeteiafter
ptsips knowing thes soffer, he didteiptsinot
ps acceptetheir
teiptsipsrequest.sbesThere
teiptsipswas a sb
possibility
eiptsip
s of losing sihis
ps ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip job bbut
csbesstill he sbesteiptipto testify
determined
bc bcsbeagainst
s sb
Gresham.
bc s Because bof
c his honesty Mt.
bc estMarshall sbesteipthim
offered
bc bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
a job in the Third National. So we can say that Baldwin is really an honest man.
ss ss ss ss ptsips is so erich
teiptsipass honesty. ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip No
eteilegacy eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
d) Sketch the character of i) Robert Baldwin and ii) John Gresham

ss ss ss ptsips tiptsips ss ss ss iptsips ss
eteiptip e tip Baldwin
tei p eteiptip sbestei family bcsbese national eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip beste eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbssimple life
cbcwith –cgovernor cbcsbsbank – honest,
cbcsbshardworking
cbcsb–s more than
cbcs35 years cbcsbs
– good relationship with family – kind and loyal – no compromise with morality – did not accept the
offer to help Gresham – arrested for misappropriation of money – get promotion at the Third National
s
besteiptsips s
b esteip tsips John sGresham
besteiptsips president
sbes
sips
teiptof national
sb esteiptsip–s corrupt
bank s
b e–
s tsips
teiprepresentative
s
b es
sips
teiptof new e
America
s
b steiptsip–smoneysbminded
esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
– misappropriates bank money – selfish – do anything to hide corrupted nature – ready to give bribes
– change in the end – powerful and truthful attitude of Baldwin – a new man – will to be honest
b b sbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c Title c c The Hourcof Truth
c c c c c c c c c
ss ss Theme Honesty
sps will be ultimately rewarded
eteiptip eteiptip psips pi sps pi pi sps
pi sps
psips psips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs bcsbestei t bcsbestei t bcsbestei t bcsbestei t bcsbestei t bcsbestei t bcsbestei t cbcsbs
i) Robert Baldwin is the protagonist of this play. He leads a simple life with his wife Martha and
c c c c c c c
his son John and daughter Evie. He is working as the Governor of the National Bank. He is an
honest,
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not ready to make any kind of compromise with his morality. When his friend John Gresham was
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100000 dollars to say in the court, “I don’t remember”. It is because of his deep-rooted morality
and honesty, he is getting promotion at the Third National.
3
ss ss teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips ss

sbesteiptip sbesteiptip ii) bMsbes sbes sbes sbes sbes sbes sbes sbesteiptip
c bc c bc c r. John Gresham
c c bc is the President
c bc of a c
national bank. cHe is corrupt from
bc bc c bc the beginning.
c bc He is c bc
really a true representative of the new American. He has a strong attachment with the money.
He misappropriates money from hisspown bank. Hisspattitude towards money is really selfish. Hespis
UNIT
ss ss iptsips iptsips ipti s ipti s iptsips iptsips s ss

eteiptip eteiptip e te e te e te e te e te e te eteipti eteiptip
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changes his mind in the end with the firm resolve and truthful attitude of his friend John Baldwin.
He becomes a new man. This shows that he has a will to be a man of honesty.
ss ss ss ss teiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip csbes bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs It takescbstrength c c
and courage to admit the truth.
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s
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126 Baldwin honest and upright – in Gresham’s bank – Gresham and Baldwin friends – named son Gresham
– more than 30 years – Gresham’s misappropriation of money – Baldwin to testify against – offer of
c c c c c c c c c c
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s s
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b esteiptsips s
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
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esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcs
c dollars – Baldwin
c b
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c – ready to cpart with himc–Gresham notc honest –
ss
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c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
hundred thousand not ready
accepts his mistake – avoids his friend’s appearance in the court – both exhibit friendship
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs Title cbcsbsThe Hourcof
bcsbTruth cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
ss ss ss Theme
ss Honesty
s s will beteipultimately
ss rewarded
ss ss ss ss
Baldwin was an honest and upright man, working under John Gresham, in a bank. Gresham
and Baldwin had been thick friends for over 30 years and Baldwin had even named his son after
s
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b esteiptsips Gresham.
sbes
ps
teiptsiGresham shad
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to testify against him. Gresham was ready to offer hundred thousand dollars to Baldwin to save him
from the trouble. Though he was his friend Baldwin was not ready to help him. He said that they had
ss ss ss iptsipshe would s
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bcsbestat bcsbesteiptip
c c endc did not wantchis friend to come c to the court.c So he accepted c his, guilt.cBoth of themcwere good c
friends and both of them exhibited their friendship in different ways.
ss ss ss ss psips ss tiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t is moreeteiptip bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcHonesty cbcsbsthan notclying. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
It is truth telling, truth speaking, truth living and truth loving.

Additional
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1. How does Percival Wild prove that man is easily corruptible?
ss ss s
eiptsip – ‘The teiptsipsof Truth’ tsips corrupts ss sips ss eiptsip
s ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip tip Percival
bcsbestWilde bcsbeHour
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angles bestmoral bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
values and principles – money brings isolation, endless shame – bad punished – good rewarded –
Gresham’s misappropriation – battle between self and society Baldwin – offered hundred thousand
ss s s ptsips psips s s by money psips teiptsips people’s psips psips ss
eteiptip t
sbese i pt i p
sbes–teichanged
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sbeschanges sbestei t outlook. sbestei t eteiptip
Title The Hour of Truth
ss ss ss ptsips s
eiptsip Wilde ss tiptsips tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiAuthor etPercival eteiptip bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs Theme
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Honesty will be ultimately rewarded
c cbcsbs cbcsbs
ips Percival Wilde’s play “The Hour of Truth”ipis an intense ipsychological study. It studies the
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b estetips s
bestetsips s
b esteptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc corrupting
ccb influence
c c of money on
b c cpeople. Thecplot
b bc of the play c cexplores greed
b c c from different
b c c angles.
b b
cc
Almost all individuals in this play are tempted by money. This one act play particularly shows how
3
ss ss easily people s s forget their sipmoral
s valuesps and
s principles. sBut
s at the tend s of
s the playtipthe s sreader realizes
s esteiptip s esteiptip s esteiptip only brings
s esteiptisolation, s estei tip s esteiptip frustration
s eseiptip and endless
s esetipshame.bcThe s tsips
esteipplay s
ss
esteiptip
c bc b c bc b that
c bmoney
c b c bc b c bc punishment,
b c bdeception,
c b c bc b c bc b c b c bc b
brings a positive note when the bad people get punished and the good people get rewarded. We can
see the battle between self and societyspin the characters of Mr. Robert Baldwin, the secretary of a
UNIT
ss ss iptsips iptsips ipti s iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip e te e te e te e te e te e te e te eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs bank
cbcand
s s
b the bank sb s
cbcpresident, Mr.
cbcJohns
b Gresham.
s s
cbcbMr. Gresham
s cbcwas s
b totally changed
s s
cbcb with his
s s
cbcgreed
sb for cbcsbs
money. After the arrest, Mr. Gresham begged Mr. Baldwin to say three words at the time of his trial:
ss ss “I don’t remember”. As asreward he offered sips him one hundred thousand dollars. It s was really a large
eteiptip eteiptip e iptsips
tof
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s
teiptipoffer, e teipthow e
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teiptsipfamily e teiptsips changed e ptips
teitheir ss
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ss
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cbcsbs cbcsbs amount
cbc sb s money. At
cbc sb this
s we
cbc s
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s his virtuous
cbc s
b s members
cbc s
b s cbc s
b s opinion.
cbcsbsWhen cbcsbs
they heard about the bribe, they persuaded Robert to tell those three words. Thus we can see how
money changes s the people’s s outlook.
esteiptsips esteiptsips s
eteiptip
s
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s
eteiptip
s s
eteiptip
s s
eteiptip
s s
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s s
eteiptip
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b b
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b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs b
ccsb s
When you tell a lie, you steal someone’s right to the truth. 127
c c c c c c c c c c
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
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b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
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ENGLISH
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12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
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ss
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c Page 109
ss
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ss
esteiptip
5. IDIOMS
ss An
s sidiom is anteipexpression
sips intEnglish
s s language sthat
s has a special s s meaningteiof sitssown. It cannots s be understood ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbes t eseiptip esteiptip esteiptip es ptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs from the cbcmeanings c b sb c b s
of the individual words.
c c b c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs
Here are a few idioms that you came across in the play you have just read. For e.g. ‘I told him he would
ss have
s s to maketeipgood.’
s s The idiom s ‘to
s make good’s smeans ‘toteipcompensate
ss for sa swrongdoing’.ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip e tip eteiptip eteiptip e tip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
Now match the idioms under column A with their meanings in column B:
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips A. IDIOMS
sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips B.sbMEANINGS
esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips Answer
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
c c skin
save one’s b b
c c a sudden unexpected
cc b
c cor news
event b b
cToc protect oneself b
c c from difficulty
cc b
cc
make both ends meet to be the most powerful manage one’s expenses within one’s income
ss ss sips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip esteiptaipbolt out estaeiptclear
of esteiptip withbsuspicion
sky sbviewed esteiptip and bdistrust
esteiptip eteiptip unexpected
a sudden p
eteiptievent eteiptip
or news esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bc c csb c csb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb
go to grave to protect oneself from difficulty to exit the world
ss have the whip shand manage one’s expenses within one’s income to be the most powerful
eteiptip e tiptsips
e e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb under acbclouds
cb s s s
cbcbto exit the cworld s
bcb s cbcbs s s s cbcsbs and distrust
bcb with suspicion
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ss
eteiptip Speaking
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
a) Imagine you are Baldwin and your partner is Gresham. Try your best to persuade your
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips partners
b esteito s
ptsipconfess
s
b
the
es
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teiptsitruth. Build
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teiptasipconversation
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sips would treact
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in csuch
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c c Work in cpairs. bc b
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Baldwin : My dear Gresham, please confess in the court. You may be pardoned.
ss ss s s No, Baldwin. I’ll
ss sipsreputation sips the clients.ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip Gresham :
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bc
lose
sbesteiptmy bcsbesteiptamong bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c
Baldwin cCertainly not. Honesty
: c is thecbest policy. Our
c clients will definitely
c c
sympathize with c
you when they understand the circumstances.
ss ss s s Look there!
iptsips you’vesenothing
teiptsips to lose s ss
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teiptsimake sips ss
eteiptip eteiptip Gresham
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cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cwithout cbcbsknowledge. cbcsbs c csbs c s cbcsbs cbcsbs
Baldwin : Gresham, it is a different thing. You have to run from pillar to post in order to
ss ss s s tiptsips
compensate. But tsips
bytipconfessing, s be heldtiin
tiptsipwill
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ptsiphigh tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese
p
ti t i p
bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c
Gresham : c
I doubt it. c c c c c cbcsbs
Baldwin : Please, listen to me. We have been thick friends for the past 30 years. You have
s esteiptsips sesteiptsips i
este ptsi p s doneestthe
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eiptsipwrong thing sips
esteiptbecause teiptsips of circumstances.
ofesforces ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b

cbcsb
cbcsb cbcsb
I know you are a conscientious man.
cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb b
ccsb
Believe me. You will never lose your reputation.

3
ss ss ss s
teiptsipfriend. I’ll ptsips andescontact
teiptsips you stomorrow.
ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip Gresham :
bcsbesteiptip Ok,
bcsbedear
s bcsbesteiconsider bcsb bc esteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Baldwin : Hope you will take the right decision.
b)
s s ‘ A friend sins need isteipatsipfriend indeed’.s s Does this s hold good in
s sall situations?
s s Share teiyour
UNIT
ss s s ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip views esteiptip your bclass.
e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e ptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbwith c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
No, this doesn’t hold good in all situations. When we are confronted with physical tight
corners, our
ss
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ss
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cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsb s may cbcsb s
hesitate. cbc iss their
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not cbcsb s
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compel them to act in their own ways.
teiptsips tei ptsips teiptsiSo ps

we should not
tei ptsips expect our
ti
e ptsipfriends
s to help in
tei ptsips all circumstances. Realising
tei ptsips teiptsips their inability,
ptsips
teidrab. teiptsips
b s
b es e
bcsbs we should
bcsbs not hesitate
e bcsbs to appreciate
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128
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s s
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b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
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ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
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c bcsb
ss
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c bcsb
ss
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ss
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PROSE
s cbcsbs cbcsbs
The Summit
- Edmund Hillary
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
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ss Warm s s up teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss teiptsips ss

esteiptip esteiptip e esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip Pagees111 esteiptip
Adventures, expeditions and explorations are always exciting. Especially when

ss sips are realteipand
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sbmore sbThe
esteiptionly sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs question cbcthat b c bc b c bc
comes to one’s mind is what makes one take up such tasks that c bc c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs
involve high risks. It is the spirit of formidable adventure and certain qualities
ss which
sps make them sps achieve suchspsfeats. sps sps sps ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipti eteipti eteipti eteipti eteipti eteipti eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
Tick the
s squalities that
s s are required
s s to achieve
s s such a feat.
teiptsips eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip
ss
eteiptip teiptip teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
PROSE - The Summit

es e e e e e
b
cc s
b cbcsbs passioncbcsbs cbcsbreward cbcsbs bcsb s
cdetermination b
cc s
b s b s
b s
c c fitness c c b s
b s b
cc s
b s
  physical 
fame faiths s courage sips money teiptsips
ss
esteiptip esti
e ptsips ss
esteiptip esti
e ptip estei ptsips estei ptsips estei p
t es
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsb
drive c c vengeancec
 cinspiration c c
 self-satisfaction c  c
vision  undying spirit inner urge perseverance
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip e teiptsips sesteiptsips e teip
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 ss
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cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs s
cbcb s cbcb s
Summary
The well-organized expedition was launched in the spring of 1953. After a pair of climbers failed to
reachteiptthe
sip top on May teiptsip27,
s Hillary and
teiptsipTenzing settiout
eptsip for it early on
tsipMay
s 29; bytiplate
teiptsips etsip morning tthey
eiptsip were bstanding
s s s teip s s teiptsips teiptsips
b s
b es b s
bes b s
b es b s
b es b sbes b s
bes b s
b es b s
b es sbes bsbes
cc c the summit.
c on c cHillary and Tenzing
cc reached c
c Everest c c At 11:30 a.m.
summit. c c on May 29,c1953,
c EdmundcHillary c of cc
New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay, a Sherpa of Nepal, became the first explorers to reach the summit of Mount
4
ss Everest,
iptsipswhich at 29,035
iptsips feet above iptsipsea
s level is ithe
ptsipshighest point iptsipon
s earth. iptsips iptsips iptsips ss
esteiptip ete ete ete ete ete ete ete ete esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbs

Hillary and Tenzing drank lemon juice and got ready for the journey. They tested the oxygen
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb
cylinders. Hillary’s boots were frozen with cold. He kept them over the fire to soften them. They put on three
UNIT
ss tsipsgloves son ptsips hands and ps
tiptsiwindproof s body.tipAt
tiptsiptheir s they tmoved
tsip6.30 iptsips out sofeste s with ttheir
iptsiptent iptsips ss
eteiptip pairsteipof
csbes cylinders eteitheir bcsbese
over
the
bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cboxygen cbcbson them. cTenzing c c c c bcb
paved steps towards the ridge and they reached the top of ridge which c cbcsbs
was about 28000 feet. The snow was soft over the ridge and it made their route dangerous. After several
ss teiptsipsfeet they s
eiptsip to a bhollow. psips ptsips two oxygen psips s
eiptsip hadbbeen psips ptsips ss
eteiptip hundred
csbes sbestcame sbestei t Therecbthey
sbestei found sbestei t cylinders sbestwhich sbestei tleft by Evans
sbesteiand eteiptip
cbcsbs cbBourdillon c bc c c c c bc c bc
on their previous attempt. Hillary was happy to find that the cylinders had hundreds of litters of c c c bc cbcsbs
oxygen which they could use for the downward journey.
s
b esteiptsips iptsips Theysecontinued
csbeste b steiptsips their
s
b es ptsips though
teijourney s
b es
ps
teiptsithe snow s
b was
es
s
teiptsiplittle s
b steiptsips With ssome
dangerous.
e bes
s
teiptsipdifficulties
se
b s eiptsip
tthey s
sbesteiptsips
b
cc c b b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc
reached firmer snow a little higher up. They cut steps on the last steep slopes and walked on with their spike 129
shoes to the South Peak. It was then 9 a.m. They cut a seat for themselves and removed the oxygen cylinder
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c which was exhausted.
c
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Nowcthey had lightcweight of 20 lb.
c The snow was c firm and theyc could cut it cwith their c
ice axe. It gave a hope to them. They could make a step large enough to keep their over-sized High Altitude
ss boots. psipAts this time pthey
sips were comfortable
psips withtthe
psiprope
s around psithem.
ps psips psips psips ss
eteiptip sestei t sestei t sestei t sesei t sestei t sestei t sestei t sestei t eteiptip
Now they moved one by one. Tenzin was managing the rope around them and Hillary was cutting
the steps. In many places they had difficulty to move because of the overhanging ice. To their east side there
ss ps cornice
teiaptsilarge sips a crack twas iptsipsbetween s
tiptsipcornice tsipsrock. Tenzing
tiptsipswas holding s
tiptsipHillary tsips ss
eteiptip was
csbes and Hillary esteiptand bcsbese
the
bcsbese
andtipthe
withtip
bcsbese
the eteiptip
cbcsbs cbrope cbcsbentered c c c c c
the crack and lifted his body off the ground. Using the power of his whole body Hillary c cbcsbs
moved backward up the crack. He moved slowly but steadily. Tenzing was leaving the rope and Hillary was
s
besteiptsips moving
sbes
s by inch
teiptsipinch s
b es
psreach the
teiptsito sbes tsipsof the srock.
teiptop bes
s slowly
teiptsipThen sbes
sipscame outteiof
teipthe sbes
s crack and
ptsipthe
sbes
s
teiptsipreached sb eiptsip
aestwide s
s
besteiptsips
b
cc b c
c ledge. b
hecfelt that nothing
Now c
b
c c would stop b
c chim from reaching b
cc b
c cHe stood onc the
the top.
b b
c ledge andc signaledc b
cc
Tenzing to come up. Tenzing somehow came through the crack and reached the ledge.
ss iptsips The sridge ss s
eiptsipnever ending. ss sips ss ss teiptsips ss
bcsbesteiptip sbeste
bc bc esteiptipseemedbcsto
b bestbe bcsbesteiptipThey had
bcsb teiptcut
esto humpbcsbesteiptiphump to
after bcsbesteiptipforward.
move bcsbesTheir bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
original enthusiasm gave place to some great struggle. They saw a narrow snow ridge going up to the top.
They made few more beating of the ice axe and they reached the top. They felt relieved from the troublesome
ss teiptsipsThey shook tiptsips ptsips psips iptsips tsips somesunclimbed
tiptsips peaks tiptsips ss
eteiptip journey.
csbes bcsbese handscband csbes
teiembraced sbestei tother. cItbcswas
bceach beste 11.30. cbThey
csbes
teipsaw
bcbese bcsbeselike eteiptip
cbcsbs cbMakalu, c c
Kanchenjunga and some more peaks in Nepal. After ten minutes he changed his oxygen set. Tenzing
c c cbcsbs
made a small hole and placed some small articles like a bar of chocolate, a packet of biscuits and a handful of
ss s were tmeant
teiptsipThey ss s gods. Colonel
tiptsipto tiptsips Huntsbewho s the head
tiptsipwas tiptsipofs the expedition
tiptsips had given tiptsipas ss
eteiptip lollies.
csbes to Hillary eseiptip to be gifts
bcsbese bcsbese bc se bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcrucifix cbcsbto c c c c
take to the top. He too made a small hole and kept the crucifix in the hole. c c cbcsbs

teiptsips sips After ateipfew sipsminutes tthey sipsmoved down. sips They could sipsnot wasteteiptheir
sips time because sips oxygen teiwasptsips teiptsips
PROSE - The Summit
es est
runningei pt out. Finally
es tthey reachedes i
e pt
the South tei
Peak.
es pt They movede steipt to the reserve
es t cylinders on
estei ptthe ridge. esThey es
b
cc s
b b
cc sb b
cc s
b b
cc s
b ccbs b b
cc sb b
cc sb b
cc sb b
cc s
b b
cc s
b
carried the extra cylinders and reached their tent at 2 p.m. Then they started descending to the South Col.
George Lowe and Wilfrid Noyce met them with hot soup and emergency oxygen. They had much work to do
ss psips sips iptsips teiptsipsto theirsbetent sps ptsipsenteredestheirpsips sps ss
b sbesteiptip there esteipttoo
sbestei tbut it wassbnot bestethem. They
much sfor sbeswent steipti with delight
sbesteiand steipti
sb tei t sleepingsbebags. sbesteiptip
Glossary Page 115 sips
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss iptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e te eteipt eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs s
Ib - pound (a unit for measuring weight, equal to 0.454 of a kilogram)
rope - links members of climbing party for safety; a party may be referred to as “a rope”
ss ss ss ss tsips or ice ss ss sps teiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip mass esteipsnow eteiptip eteiptip esteipticurling eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cornice c bcsbs - overhanging
cbcsbs cbcsbof cbcsbsalong a ridge,
cbcsbs shaped like
cbcsbthe cbcrest
csbes of a cbcsbs
wave
cwm
teiptsips tei ptsips tei ptsip-s an enclosed
tei ptsips arm-chair-shaped
tei ptsips hollow situated
tei ptsips at the head
tei ptsips of a valley
b s
b es b s
bes scramblingbs
bes - s es
climbing
b b hurriedly
b s e
on
b s hands and
b ses
knees
b b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es bsbes
wriggle - to move with a twist or turn
4
ss traverse
ss s -
s to cross asmountain
s slope s shorizontally or
s sdiagonally; the
s sname given stossuch a crossing ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip b csbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c tantalizec c
- tease or taunt c c c c c c
cramponed - climbing on ice wearing spike shoes
UNIT
Additional Words with Meanings
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs sardines
cbcsbs - small
cbcsbseatable fish
cbcsbs cbcsbshuffle cbcsbs- walkcquickly cbcsbs cbcsbs
fierce - ferocious levered off - pushed, moved
primus
teiptsips p sips p sip-s small stoves
iptsip teiptsips
musters
p sip - gather
sips teiptsipsof rocksbesteiptsips teiptsips
b s
b es e
bsbs
tei t
donned t
bsbs -
e ei t put beste
bson b s
b es b s
b st
ledge
e ei t
b s
b est-ipt a narrow
e b sbepiece
s sbes
cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cbc
that sticks on the side of a
b
cc
130
mountain or cliff
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
hoisted - raised determination - willpower
gear - equipment stance - position
ss sips s s psipsof high eland psips s s s
t-iptsippulled tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptridge eteipti -
p a long area
sbestei t sbstei t
heaved
tipti
bsbese
p
bsbese bsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc c bc
especially at the top of the cc cc cc cbcsbs cbcsbs
mountain
ss ss
crest s -s top tipts ips ss ss
wriggled s
- s crawled ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip bcsbeseraised area esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs bump cbcsbs - acsmall cbcsbon a cbcsbhump cbcsbs- bulgecbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
surface
scraped - removedsps zest sps - spenthusiasm
teiptsips sips
teipthollow teiptsip-s tipti s
teiptsipthan esteipti ipti s
te teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
bes b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es bcsbeseat slightly
acplace ccb sbe
lower
s c c grim
b s
b b
cc s
bes - terrible
ccb s
b es b
cc s
bes b
cc s
bes
its surface
scraped - removed s whackss - blows
ss sips ptsip-s s ss ptsip psips iptsips ss ss
s esteiptip e sti
e ptgauges e stei esteiptipfor measuring
instruments esteiptip t i
tantalise
es e est-i t annoybsbeste
e esteiptip esteiptip
c bc b cbcsb cbcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c c c bcsb c bcsb
sparingly - using little, cautiously encrusted - covered with a hard layer of
something
ss sips ss eiptsip
s ss s s s s ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipttrail eteiptip- track,
etpath eteiptip concealed
t
ese i pt i p e e hiddenbcsbesteiptip
t-i pt i p eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs persistedcbcsbs - continued
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbdisguising cbcsbs- hiding c cbcsbs cbcsbs
beat a trail up - make a track by using the grin - smile widely
ss ss s s place oftenss ss ss ss ss ss ss
cbcsbs cbcsbs frequent
cbcsbs - regular
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbdelight cbcsbs- happiness
chipped - cut crucifix - cross with the figure of
Christ on it ps
teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips tei tips teiptsips teiptsips
PROSE - The Summit

b s
bes b s
b es s
cramponed
b b es - s e
walked
b b s with spike
b s es
shoe
b b s
b es
spurred b s
b es - prompted
b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es
exhausted - drained diminishing - reducing
ss belay
ss s -s attachingsasrope to the sbody s descending
ss - s coming
s downs s ss ss
esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip and
p
esteiaptirock
to esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb
cornice - over hanging ice over the ridge flapped - vibrated
scrambling - climbing perpetual - permanent
ss ss sips s
eiptsipthe underlinedss s
eiptsip the boptions ss ss ss ss
Choose eteiptsynonyms etfor eteiptip wordsetfrom eteiptip givenbc.sbesteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. So I cooked them over the fierce flame of primus.
esteiptsips
esteiptsips a) mild
esteiptsips b)te
es tsips
ipferocious esteiptsips e teiptsips
c) simple
e teiptsipsd) franksbesteiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
ccsb b
cc s
b b
cc s
b cbcsbs b
cc s
b s cbc b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s
2. Over our down clothing we donned our windproof.
s s a) removed b) threw
s s away teiptsips c) showed s sd) put on teiptsips
4
ss ss sps ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip e eteipti esteiptip e esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs
3. We reached its crest where it forms a great snow bump.
cbcsbs c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb
a) top b) bottom c) near d) beside

UNIT
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 4. I continued
cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb
making the trail on up the ridge. c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) show b) path c) time d) treat
ss ss psips ss tiptsips tiptsips ss ss ss ss
sbestei tpartly-full bcsbese wascnowbcsbeseexhausted. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 5. Our
cbcfirst cbcsbsbottle ofcoxygen cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) filled b) strong c) drained d) thrown
s
b esteiptsips s
b es tsip s As I heaved
teip6. s
b esteiptsips hard son
bes ptsipsrope, Tenzing
teithe s
b esteiptsips wriggled
s
b es
ps way up
teiptsihis s
b es tsipscrack.sesteiptsips
teipthe sesteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc

b
cc
a) lived
b
cc b) heard
b
cc b
cc b
cc
c) laughed
cbcbd) pulled
b
cc b b
cc b
131
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c original zest bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c had now quitebcsb
c gone.
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
7. Our
a) enthusiasm b) weakness c) sickness d) strength
ss ss ss ptsips sips teiptsips psips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip sbesteidisguising esteiptgrin csbes sbestei t around eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 8. ..........
cbcsbsthere was
cbcno cbcsbhis ofcb
delight as he
cbclooked cbcsbshim. cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) shock b) happiness c) sadness d) damage
ss tsip s We cramponed
s s along sips tracks,teispurred
ss s
teiptsipurgency tsips ptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteip9. eteiptip eteiptour e ptip by ethe eofteipdiminishing
eteioxygen. eteiptip eteiptip
a) talked b) requested c) prompted d) arrested
s
tsips We set s
b estourselves
eiptsip
s to tthe
s
b es eiptsip task bofsbesafely
s
steiptsips descending
s
besteiptsipsthe ridge
s
besteipto
tsipsthe South
s
b esteiptCol.
sips
s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
c c bc up
a) cgoing b
c c b) ascending c c b
c crunning away
c) ccb b
c c down c c
d) coming b b
cc
Answers
ss sps teipdtsips ss ptsips ss sips ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipti1. b bcsbe2.
s 3.bca
sbesteiptip 4. b bcsbestei5. c b6.
csbedsteiptip 7. abcsbesteipt8. b bcsbesteicptip 10.bcsdbesteiptip
9. bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip Self-Evaluation
tiptsips
bsbese
tiptsips
bsbese
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cc cc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
ss ss teiptsips out ofsbethat
teiptsips teiptsipssnow, shoistedss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip csbes bcsbesthe eteiptip ourbc30
cbcsbs cbcsbs 1. Wecbcrawled cbc s tent cinto cbcbs c sbslb. of oxygen
cbcsbs gear. cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) kept b) raised c) lowered d) threw Ans:
teiptsips tsip s We crawled

teiptsips out ofsbethat s into tthe
teiptsiptent s teiptsips our 30
eiptsipsnow,bshoisted
s
eiptsipof oxygen ptsips teiptsips teiptsips
PROSE - The Summit
s
bes s
b esteip2. s
b es s sbes bes s
b estlb. s
b esteigear. s
b es s
b es
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
a) equipment b) hole c) leak d) only Ans:
ss 3.s s I scraped sthe

s ice offtithes sgauges. teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eseptip e esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb bcsb
a) cattached c b) kicked cbcsbs
bcsb c)bcsb
c kept c bcsb bcsb
d) removed
c b
Ans:
c csb c bcsb
4. They still contained several litres of oxygen – enough to get down to the South Col if used
ss iptsips sparingly. iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips ss ss
cbcsbs s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s cbcbs s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
a) in plenty b) carelessly c) cautuiously d) happily Ans:
ss tsip s We persisted
tiptsips in our iptsips to beat tiptsiapstrail upsbeit.
tiptsips ss tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteip5. bcsbese
tefforts
bcsbese bcsbese bc se eteiptip bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs c bcsbs c
a) continued
c c
b) suppressed
c
c) released
cbcsbs c
d) gave
c
Ans:
cbcsbs
6. We made frequent change of lead.

s
b esteiptsips se
bsteiptsips sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
c c b
a) cseldom
c b
c c b) sometimes b
cc c)b
c cnowhere c c b b
d) often
cc b
Ans:
cc b
cc
7. ------- then we chipped steps up the last steep slopes.
4
ss ss ss tsips ss iptsips ss ss ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip a) closed
esteiptip teipcut
eb) esteiptip c) sbeste esteiptip d) spoilt esteiptip Ans: esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb s c bcsb cbcopened c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
8. Scrambling on the rocks and cutting hand holes on the snow, we were able to shuffle past
UNIT
ss teiptsips these difficult

teiptsips portions.
teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips ss
eteiptip e bcsbes es bsbes sbes e e e eteiptip
cbcsbs c bcsbs a) cwalking cbcsbb) talking c c cbcclimbing
c) cbcsbs cbcsbs
d) pushing cbcsbs
Ans: cbcsbs
ss 9. Scrambling on the rocks and cuttings hand holes s on the snow,swe were ables to shuffle past
eteiptip e teiptsips thesesbedifficult
teiptsips portions.
e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptips e teiptips e teiptips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbc s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) walk silently b) walk slowly c) walk sideways d) walk quickly Ans:
s
b esteiptsips s
b es tsips I sank
teip10. s
b es iptsipsspikesseof
the
te b s
sips crampons
teiptmy s
b es
s
teiptsipdeep into
s
b es
sips frozen teisnow
teiptthe s
b es ptsips behind
s
b es
sips and levered
teiptme s
b
cc b
cc b
c c off the ground.b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
myself
132
a) lifted b) used c) sent d) walked Ans:
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip b
c forces of knee,csb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c shouldercand arm I could
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c muster, c
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
11. Talking advantages of all the
I literally cramponed myself backwards up the crack.
ss iptsips a) ask ss tsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip ete eteiptip eb)teipgive eteiptip esteiptip
c) gather eteiptip d) push eteiptip Ans: eteiptip eteiptip
12. Fir the first time I really felt the fierce determination that nothing now could stop us
ss reaching the top.
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips tsips
esteipquickness
ss
eteiptip psips
sbestei t
ss
eteiptip d) willpower
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs c bcsb s bcs
a) canger
b s cbcsbb) cbcsbs c)
cbchappiness cbcsbs cbcsbs Ans: cbcsbs cbcsbs
13. I took a firm stance on the ledge.
s
besteiptsips iptsips a) eagerness
sbeste s
b esteiptsips sbb)
es tsips
teipposition s
b esteiptsips ss
pip
sbestei t
c) decision s
besteiptsipsd) determination
s
b esteiptsips Ans:sbesteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb cbc b
cc b
cc cbc b
cc
14. As I heaved hard on the rope, Tenzing wriggled his way up the crack.
ss s s a) crawled ss b) jumped
ss ss c) leaped
tiptsips s sd) skipped s s Ans: teiptsips ss
esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip ee esteiptip esteiptip e esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb
15. As I cut around the back of one hump, another higher one would swing into view.
a) spot b) dot s c) ice d) bulge Ans:
ss ss ss teiptsip ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs
s
16. It was turning into grim struggle. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) happy b) terrible c) mild d) slight Ans:
ss ss ss ss ptsips ss ptsips ptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip whackseteiptip sbestei in eteiptip sbesteistood sbestei top. eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 17. A few
cbcsbmore cbcsbsof the ice
cbcaxe cbcsbssnow and
the firm cbcwe on
cbcthe cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) show b) thoughts c) blows d) intentions Ans:
teiptsips tsips No more sips teiptsips ussbewith s

teiptsiphopes eiptsip
s teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
PROSE - The Summit

s
bes s
b esteip18. s
b esteipthumps tos
b etantalize
s s ofestsuccess.
s
b s
b es s
b es s
b es s
b es
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
a) annoy b) delight c) give d) send Ans:
ss 19.
s s ......... all encrusted
ss with s sall icicles –s that
s concealed s s his face, sthere
s was tnot s sdisguising his
ss ss
sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbeseiptip sesteiptip
b sbesteiptip
c bc c bc grinc of delight. c
bc bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
a) appeared b) covered c) surrounded d) hit Ans:
ss tsips .........seall sips s
eiptsip all icicles ss ss sps s
eiptsip disguising sips ss
eteiptip eteip20. teiptencrustedetwith eteipt–ipthat concealed
eteiptip hisbcface,
eteiptithere was etnot eteipthis eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
grin of delight.
a) appeared b) surrounded c) covered d) hit Ans:
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss psips ss ss
sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbsbc
21. ......... all encrusted with all icicles – that concealed his face, there was not disguising his
c cbcsbs cbcsbs
grin of delight.
esteiptsips
esteiptsips a) appearing
esteiptsips b)te
es tsips
ipintentional esteiptsips e teiptsips
c) looking
e teiptsipsd) hiding e t eiptsips Ans:sbesteiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
ccsb b
cc s
b b
ccsb cbcsbs b
cc s
b s ccb s
b s cbc b
ccsb s
22. ......... all encrusted with all icicles – that concealed his face, there was not disguising his
s grin of delight.
4
ss tiptsip a) sadness ss s tsip s s
s stiptsip s s
tiptsip d) sorrow s tiptsip ss
esteiptip ee esteiptip teiplaughter
eb) esteiptip sbese ee esteiptip Ans: ee esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsbs c bcsb c bcsb s c bcsb c)
cbchappiness cbcsbs c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb
23. ......... we cramponed along our track, spurred by the urgency of diminishing oxygen.
UNIT
ss iptsips a) reducing ss tsips ss psip s ss ss ss ss
eteiptip ete eteiptip eb)teipincreasing eteiptip c) availability
sestei t eteiptip d) presence
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
24. The tents flapped and shook under the perpetual South Col gale.
ss s s a) fell down ss b) blown
s s away teiptsips c) made
tiptsips s sd) vibrated s s Ans: tipts s ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e ee eteiptip eteiptip e e ip eteiptip
25. The tents flapped and shook under the perpetual South Col gale.
teiptsips

teiptsips
a) temporary s
s b) permanent
sips
teiptsips
c) sudden s
s sipsd) late teiptsips Ans: teiptsips teiptsips
es es eteiptip e tei pt e eteiptip e tei pt e e e
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs b
ccsb s
133
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Antonyms
ss ss ss tiptsips ss psips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese eteiptip sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs frozen cbcsbs c
× warm cbcsbs cbcgrim cbcsbs × cheerful
hoisted × lowered sharply × gradually
ss ss ss ss ss psips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip × bcsbbroadened
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs narrowed
cbcsbs c s cbcsbs cbcconcealed cbcsbs × opened
hollow × raised disguise × real
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsparingly
sips
s
b esteiptsips × sbcarelessly
esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips zesttipts
s
bes e ip
s
s
besteiptsip×s boredom
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc
persisted
b
×c c stopped c c
b b
c curgency b
cc b
cc
× ordinary
b
cc b
cc
frequent × seldom cautiously × carelessly
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptfirm bcsbesteiptip × bcsbsoft
esteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
descending bcsbesteiptip× ascending
c c c c c c c c c c
exhausted × replenished perpetual × temporary
ss tiptsips ss ss ss ss tiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip bcsbese the correcteteiptip eteiptip eteiptip wordseteiptip bcsbese given. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cChoose cbcsbs antonyms
cbcsbs cbcsbsfrom thecoptions cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
1. ......... they were now frozen solid.
a) cold ps b) piced c) fresh d) warm ps
teiptsips teiptsips tei tips tei tsips teiptsips ss
eteiptip teiptsips tei tips teiptsips teiptsips
PROSE - The Summit
es es es es es e e e e
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
ccsb cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
2. After several hundred feet, we came to a hollow.
a) barren b) fertile c) raised d) hole
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsb esteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c 3. .........
c finally wec reached firmer c snow higher c snow. c c c c
a) softer b) stronger c) based d) place
ss ss tsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteipwas eteiptip esteiptipstruggle.
cbcsbs cbcsbs 4. .........
cbcsbit turning
cbcsbs more into
cbcsbgrim cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) terrible b) cheerful c) barren d) fertile
ss tsip s .........sewe ps
teiptsicramponed sips our track, ss s urgency
ptsipthe ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteip5. eteiptalong eteiptip spurred
eteiby eteiptipof diminishing
eteiptip oxygen.
eteiptip eteiptip
a) immediate b) quickly c) ordinary d) sure
Answers s s
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips se
b steiptip s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc 1. d b
c c 2. c b
3.c ac b
4. b c c 5. c b
cc b
cc b
cc
4
esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
Self-Evaluation eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
UNIT
eteiptip eteiptip csbes esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 1. Wecbcrawled c b sb c b sb c b sb c b sb
out of that tent into the snow, hoisted our 30 lb. of oxygen gear.
c c c c c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs
a) raised b) lowered c) threw d) kept away Ans:
ss ss ss ss sps tiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptipthe ridge
eteiptip esteiaptiknife bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 2. From
cbcsbhere cbcsbs narrowed to
cbcsb cedge, cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) entered b) moved c) towards d) broadened Ans:
s
b esteiptsips s
b es tsip s Theysstill
teip3. bes
ps
teiptsicontained
s
b es eiptsip
tseveral s litrestiof
s
b es
s
eptsipoxygen s
b eiptsip
–estenough s to gettipdown
s
b es
s
etsip tobthe
sbes tsips Colsif
teipSouth e
b s eiptsip
tused s
sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc cc b
cc b
cc
sparingly.
134
a) cautiously b) carefully c) carelessly d) daily Ans:
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c persisted incour efforts to bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c beat a trailcup it.
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
4. We
a) stopped b) continued c) persistent d) sustained Ans:
ss ss teiptsips ss iptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip csbes frequent eteiptip beste eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 5. Wecbmade cbcsbschanges cinbcslead. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) regular b) steady c) fixed d) seldom Ans:
ss tsip s .........seour s
teiptsippartly-full ptsips of oxygen ss sips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteip6. eteibottle eteiptip wasbnow eteiptip
eteiptexhausted. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) lost b) stopped c) replenished d) exited Ans:
s
tsip s I then sbe
realised
steiptsips that
s
b estthe
eiptsipridgebahead,
s
sbesteiptsipsinstead s
be
of
steiptrising,
sips dropped
s
besteiptsipssharply.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
c c bc
a) cgradually b
c c b) immediately cc b
c csoon
c) ccb b
cc
d) fixedly b
cc
Ans: b
cc
ss 8. ......... all encrusted with all icicles –s that concealed his face, sthere was not disguising his
esteiptip e ti
e ptsips e tei ptsips e ti
e ptsips e ti
e ptips e tei ptsips e tei ptips e teiptsips ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb s grin
c bcof
sb sdelight. c bcsb s c bcsb s c bcsb s c bcsb s c bcsb s c bcsb c bcsb
a) covered b) surrounded c) opened d) hit Ans:
ss tsips .........seall ips
tiptsencrusted iptsipsall icicles ipsthat concealed
tipts– tiptsips his sface, s
tiptsipthere ptsipsdisguising sips ss
eteiptip eteip9. bcbse
twith
bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcbese
wastino
bcsbese
tipthis
bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c
grin of delight.
c c c c c c cbcsbs
a) appeared b) surrounded c) covered d) real Ans:
ss ss ss ss tiptsips tiptsips psips teiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip bcsbese – thatcconcealed
bcsbese sbestei t therecwas
bcsbesnot eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsball cbcsbswith all cicicles
encrusted cbcface,
his cbcsbs his
disguising cbcsbs
grin of delight.
teiptsips teiptsips a) appeared
teiptsips b)tipfrown
etsip
s teiptsips c) covered
tiptsips teiptsipsd) hit sbesteiptsips Ans:sbesteiptsips teiptsips
PROSE - The Summit

es es es es es ee e e
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
ccsb cbcsbs b
cc s
b s cbc cbc b
cc s
b s
11. We scrambled cautiously over the rock reverse.
a) carefully s b) watchfully d) prudently s Ans:
c) carelessly
ss ptsips s teiptsips ss ptsipss s s ss ss
e bcsbesteiptip bcsbes bcsbesteiptipbcsbeste
b
i
csbesteiptipbcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c
12. ......... we set ourselves to the task of safely descending c
c the ridge to c the South Col.
c c
a) ascending b) coming down c) plunging d) sinking Ans:
ss ss ss ss ss teiptsips psips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptiptents flapped
eteiptipand shook
eteiptip bcsbesperpetual eteiptip
sbestei t Col gale. eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbthe cbcsbs cbcsbs undercthe cbcSouth cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) permanent b) surely c) temporary d) doubtfully Ans:
cbcsbs cbcsbs Textual
cbcsbsExercises
esteiptsips 1. ete tsips on your

ipBased ss
eteiptipreadingeof
sips text answer
teiptthe ss ss
eteiptip the following
eteiptip questions
ss
eteiptip in oneeor
sips sentences.
teipttwo ss
b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Page 116
b
ccsb s
a) What did Hillary do with his wet boots?
s s Hillary cooked s s the boots on
s sthe stoveteip
tosremove the frozen
s s ice from sthem
4
ss s s ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbes tip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c an equipment
b) Name c c carried byc the climbersc during theirc expedition. c
and a tool c
Oxygen cylinder and ice-axe are carried by the climber during their expedition.
UNIT
ss ss iptsips tiptsips ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip besteHillarycbecome eteiptip
bcsbese clumsy-fingered bcsbesslow-moving? eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c) Why
cbcsdid cbcsbs cand cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The oxygen was running out so he became clumsy-fingered and slow-moving.
ss tsips Whatsedid ps pinsipas tiny hollow? psips psips psips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipd) iptsiHillary
bste
findte
sbesi t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
Hillary found two oxygen cylinders left by the previous climbers. c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
e) When did Hillary feel a sense of freedom and well being?
s
b esteiptsips s
b estei ptsips WhenseHillary
b steiptsipsremoved
s
b este
the
s
iptsipoxygen s
b steiptsips he feltsbeasteisense
cylinder
e ptsips
of freedom
s
b es
s
teiptsipand sb steiptsips
well-being.
e s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
135
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c did Hillaryc mean by saying
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
f) What “We hadc had enoughcto do the job, c but by no means
c too c
much”?
ss ss s
psipreached s they had
psiptent psiptos do a lotestof ps but because
psiwork psips of theessense
psips of success ips
psthe ss
eteiptip eteiptip When they
sbestei t
their
sbestei t sbestei t sb ei t sbestei t sb tei t sbestei t eteiptip
work did not seem to be much. c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc cbcsbs
2. Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each.
ss ss psips psips psips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
a) How did the mountaineers belay? c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The mountaineers tied a rope around all the mountaineers and the other end of the rope was attached
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips to a rock.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
b) Why was the original zest fading away?
The time was
ss ptsips zest was sips passing te and sthe ridge seemed
ptsip ptsips
never ending.
ptsips
They weres a little tired. sSo the original
s s ss ss
e bcsbestei pfading
t away.
bcsbes i
bcsbesti
e bcsbestei
c c c c c c c c c c
c) What did Edmund Hillary do to escape the large overhanging ice cornices?
ss s s To escape sthe
s large overhanging
ss cornices, s sHillary cutteipatsipline
s of stepstipdown
s s to where sthe
s snow met sthes ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip es esetip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs b sb
rocks on the west.
c c c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs
d) What did Tenzing and Edmund Hillary gift to the Gods of lofty Summit? How did they do
eteiptip eteiptip it? bcsbesteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
Tenzing gifted to God a bar of chocolate, a packet of biscuits and a handful of lollies. Edmund Hillary
gifted to God the crucifix given by Colonel Hunt.
PROSE - The Summit
b s
bes b s
b es e) What
b s
b es
did the b s
b es
photograph bsbes
portray? b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es
The photograph portrayed the North ridge, showing the North Col and the old route which had been
ss s s made famous s s by the struggles
s s of those sgreat
s climbers sofs the 1920’s sand
s 1930’s. tiptsips ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbese bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c f) Thec soft snow was c difficult and c dangerous. c Why? c c c c
The soft snow was not firm to get foot-hold. It might slip or it might give way under the foot. So the
ss ss sips difficultteiand
eteiptip eteiptip softbcsnow
eteiptwas e ptip dangerous.
g) How did the firm snow at the higher regions fill them with hope?
The firm snow s gave them good foot-hold. They could cut steps ups the
ss
eteiptip e teiptsips couldsbwalk
e teiptsipwith e teiptsips shoessbeto tsips
teipthe e teiptsipIts filled them
e ps last steep
teiptiwith e
slopes and they
teiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s cbc s the
cbccrampon
sb s cbc s South
cbcPeak.
sb s cbcsb s hope.
cbcsb s cbcsbs cbcsbs
teiptsips
Additional
teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b s
b es b s
bes bsbes b s
b es bsbes b s
bes b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es bsbes
Answer the following questions.
4
c c c did Hillaryc and Tenzingc drink and eat
a) What c before starting
c c
their expedition? c c
Hillary and Tenzing drank lemon juice and ate sardines on biscuts.
UNIT
ss ss sps teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptiHillary esteiptip thebcsexpedition?
cbcsbs cbcsbs b) What
cbcsbdid cbput
csbes on beforecbcsbstarting c bs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Hillary put on the windproof jacket and wore three pairs of gloves – silk, woollen and windproof.
ss c)s s What was psipthe
s familiar psipphrase
s used by
psip s Tenzing? psips psips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
‘Just as you wish’ was the familiar phrase used by Tenzing. c bc c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
d) What was the division of work between Hillary and Tenzing?
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips Tenzing
s
b es iptsipsbelaying
te
was s
b eand
s
s
teiptsipHillary was
s
b es ptsips in the
teiworking s
b es tsips
teipsnow. s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
136
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c3. Based con the text, answer
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c words
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
the following questions in a paragraph in about 100–150
each.
ss tsip s Howsdid sips iptsips tiptsipsthemselves s
tiptsipbefore s off to the
tiptsipset s
tiptsipsummit? tiptsips ss
eteiptip eteipa) tiptHillary
bcbese
and tTenzing
bcsbese
prepare
bcsbese bcsbese
they
cbcsbs cbcsbs c
(Para 1, 2 and 3) c c c c c c cbcsbs
ss ss s sTitle teiptsipThe
s Summit psips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip sbes sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
c bc c bc
Edmund Hillary cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Theme Thrilling experiences of the first explorers reaching Everest
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
c c deep breaths
A few good
b
c c and we were b b
c c ready to go.c c b
cc b
cc
Still a little worried about my cold feet, I asked Tenzing to move off.
ss ss sps ss ss ss ss ss tsips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptiThe bcsbesteiptip expedition
well-organized bcsbesteiptip was launched
bcsbesteiptipin thebcspring
s
b esteiptipof 1953,
bcsbesteiptaiphigh camp
and bcsbesteip
from bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
which to reach the summit was established by mid-May. After a pair of climbers failed to reach the
ss top on Mays 27, Hillary and Tenzing set out for it early on May 29; by late morning they were standing
eteiptip tiptsips
e teiptips tiptsips
e teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb
e s on the
s
cbcb
esummit.
s Hillary
cbcbs es and Tenzing
cbcbs e
drank
s lemoncbcbs e
juice
s and got s
cbcb
e
ready
s for the s
cbcb
e
journey.
s They bcsbese the
ctested cbcsbs
oxygen cylinders. Hillary’s boots were frozen with cold. He kept them over the fire to soften them.
ss sips They putteipon sipsthree pairsteipoftsipgloves
s on their hands
sips – silk, woolen
sips and windproof
sips and windproof
sips over their
psips ss
eteiptip tei pt body. t teipt tei pt ti
e pt tei pt sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbAts 6.30 theycbmoved
csbes out ofcthe bcsbestent with their
cbcsbsoxygen cylinders
cbcsbs on them. cbcsThey
bes kept the cbccylinders
e e e e
on their back, connected the mask and turned the valves. They took a few good deep breaths and
were ready for the expedition.
PROSE - The Summit

b s
bes b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es bsbes b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es
Life begins at the end of comfort zone..
ss tsips Give san tsips s

teiptsipjourney tsips SouthseCol ps 28,000
teiptsifrom s (Paratip4tsiptos 8)
sfeet. ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipb) bc b
account
esteip of
bcsbethe
s bcsbeto
steipthe
bc bs bcsbesteiptip bcsbese bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
Title The Summit
ss ss s sAuthor teiptsipEdmund
s Hillary
ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip es esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs b
Theme
c csb c b sb c bcsb c bcsb c b sb
Thrilling experiences of the first explorers reaching Everest
c c cbcsbs cbcsbs
ss ss ss I continued making the itrail on up the iridge,

eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip teiptsips teiptsips teptsips t ptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
bes
cbc leading up s
b es
cbcfor the last 400 s
b es bcsbese summit.
cbc feet to the csouthern cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The well-organized expedition was launched in the spring of 1953, and a high camp from
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips whichsbeto
s tsips the ssummit
teipreach besteiptsipswas established
sbesteiptsips by mid-May.
s
besteiptsips After sabespair s
teiptsipof climbers
s
b es tsips to reach
teipfailed sbes ips
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
top on May 27, Hillary and Tenzing set out for it early on May 29; by late morning they were standing
on the summit. Tenzing paved steps towards the ridge and they reached the top of ridge which was
4
ss ss teiptsipsfeet. The ptsips was soft ptsips the ridge tsipsit made s
teiptsiproute ss teiptsips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip aboutse
bc b28000
s bcsbesteisnow bcsbesteiover bcsbesteip
and
bcsbestheir bcsbesteiptip After
dangerous.
bcsbeseveral
s bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c
hundred feet they came to a hollow. There they found two oxygen cylinders which had been left
c c c
by Evans and Bourdillon on their previous attempt. Hillary was happy to find that the cylinders had
UNIT
ss ss psips psips whichesthey psips s downward
ptsipthe psips teiptsipscontinued ptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip hundreds
sbestei tof litters ofesoxygen
sb tei t sb tei t couldcbcuse sbesteifor sbestei t journey. sbesThey sbestei their eteiptip
journey though the snow was a little dangerous. With some difficulties they reached firmer snow c bc c bc cbcsbs
higher up. They cut steps on the last steep slopes and walked on with their spike shoes to the South
ss ss Peak. Itte ptsipsthen 9 a.m.
iwas teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip e e e e e e e eteiptip
If it scares you, it might be a good thing to try.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
137
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c Hillary and bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c Tenzing as cthey reachedcthe top of the bcsb
c Summit.
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c) Describe the feelings of Edmund
(Para 18)
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip TitlebcsbesteiptipThe Summit
Author Edmund Hillary
ss ss Theme Thrilling experiences of thesp first explorers sreaching Everest
eteiptip eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teipti s e teiptips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbcsb s cbc s
s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs
My first feelings were of relief– relief that there were no more steps to cut,
no s
more
ps ridges tosptraverse, and sno
psmore humps spsto tantalize us
spswith hopes of
spssuccess.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteipti sbes
s
teipti s
b esteipti se
b steipti s
besteipti sbesteipti s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc bc b b
c cspring of 1953, b
c c and a high ccamp
c from b
cc
The well-organized expedition was claunched in the
ss ss s Hillary tand
teiptsip27, ss tsipsfor it early sipsMay 29; by sips morningteipthey
ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip top bon
csbesMay bcsbeseiptipTenzing
bcs
set
besteipout bcsbesteipton bcsbesteiptlate bcsbes tip werebcsstanding
c c oncthe summit. The c ridge seemed c to be neverc ending. They c had to cut hump c c to move
after hump c
forward. Their original enthusiasm gave place to some great struggle. They saw a narrow snow ridge
ss s s going upteipto s top. They
s the s
smade few more s sbeating ofteipthe
s sice axe and s reached
sthey s s top. They
the sfelts ss
eteiptip eteiptip es tip esteiptip esteiptip es tip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
relieved from the troublesome journey. They shook hands and embraced each other. It was 11.30.
They saw some unclimbed peaks like Makalu, Kanchenjunga and some more peaks in Nepal.
ss ss ss teiptsips ss sps ss iptsips ss ss
csbeswith adventures esteiptihave eteiptip beste to show eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs Fill yourcblife cbcsbs not things
cbcsbthat cbcsbs to tell, not
stories cbcsstuff cbcsbs cbcsbs
d) The ridge had taken us two and half hours, but it seemed like lifetime. Why?
teiptsips tsips (Parase15 sips iptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
PROSE - The Summit
es estei p steiptto 17) bsbeste es es es es es es

b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc b cc b
ccsb b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b
Title The Summit
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip Author
bcsbesteiptipEdmund bcsbeHillary
s bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c
Theme c experiences
Thrilling c of the first explorers
c c Everest
reaching c c
ss ss ptsipsoriginal ezest s
teiptsiphad ss sips turning tmore
ss sps ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiOur eteiptipgone, and
nowsquite etiteiptwas e eiptip into abcsgrim
eteiptistruggle. eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bs cbcsbs cbcsbs
The well-organized expedition was launched in the spring of 1953, and a high camp from
ss ss sps the summit ss ss ss s climberstipfailed
ss sips ss
eteiptip eteiptip which eto reach
steipti esteiptip was bestablished
esteiptip bybcmid-May.
esteiptip Afterbcsabespair
teiptsipof esetip to breach
esteiptthe eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs bcsb bcsb csb sb bcs
c c c c c c b c csb cbcsbs
on the summit. To their east side there was a large cornice and a crack was between the cornice and
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips the rock.
s
b esteipTenzing
tsips was tholding
s
b es eiptsip Hillary
s
sbesteiwith
ptsips the rope
s
besteiand
ptsipsHillary entered
s
b esteiptsips the crack
s
b esteipand
tsips lifted shis
besteibody
ptsips
sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
offcthe
c ground. Using b
c c the powerc of bc his whole body b
c c Hillary moved b
c c backwardcup bc the crack. cHe bc moved b
cc
slowly but steadily. Tenzing was leaving the rope and Hillary was moving inch by inch to reach the
4
ss s s top of the srock.

s Thentislowlys s he came out
s s of the crack s sand reached saswide ledge. s Now
s he felttipthat
ss ss
sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbeseptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesteiptip sbesetip sbesteiptip
c bc c bc nothing
c bc would stop c him from reaching
bc c bc the top.c He stood on cthe ledge and csignaled Tenzing
bc bc bc c to come
bc c bc
up. Tenzing somehow came through the crack and reached the ledge. The ridge seemed to be never
s s ending. teiptsips
UNIT
ss ss ss tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss

eteiptip eteiptip e eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs Life is made
cbcsbsfor good cfriends c
and great adventures. c c cbcsbs
ss tsip s Describe sips view from ss teiptsips was the tsips important ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipe) eteiptthe eteiptipthe top.eWhat eteipmost eteiptip photograph?
(Para 19 and 20)
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsipsTitle sbesteiptsipThe
s Summit
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
Author
cc b
Edmund
c c Hillary b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
138
Theme Thrilling experiences of the first explorers reaching Everest
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
After ten minutes, I realized that I was becoming rather clumsy-fingered and slow-moving.
ss ss ss ss ss ss psips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip expedition
eteiptip was launched
eteiptip sbestei t of 1953, esteiptaiphigh camp
eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs The well-organized
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs in thecbcspring cbcsband cbcsbs from cbcsbs
ss sips top on May sip27,
s Hillary tand sipTenzing
s set outsfor it early onsMay 29; by late
sip sip sips morningteipthey
sips were standing ss ss
eteiptip tei pt on b tei pt ei pt teipt tei pt tei pt t esteiptipof eteiptip
cthe
csbessummit. cThey bcsbes saw in the cbcsbeast
es the unexplored and bunclimbed Makalu.
cbcsbs The great cbcsbpart
e e e e
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs
Kanchenjunga was seen in the horizon. To the west they could see the unexplored ranges of Nepal.
The most important photograph showed the North ridge, showing the North Col and the old route
teiptsips t i ptsips
which
sps
steiptibeen made teiptsips by the tiptsips sps
steipti greatbclimbers psips
sbestei t of thebs1920’siptsips
beste and 1930’s. tiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
bes cc
e
bsbs e bsbehad
cc bsbesfamous
cc bsbesestruggles bofsbethose
cc cc cc cc bsbese cc b
cc s
bes
Life is meant to taste the daring adventure.

c c c c c c c c c c
f) ‘There is no height, no depth that the spirit of man, guided by higher spirit cannot attain’.
ss Discuss the above statement in the context of sthe achievement of Edmund Hillary and
eteiptip e tiptsips Tenzing.
e e teiptsips e teiptips e teiptsips e tiptsips
e ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
Title The Summit
ss ss ss ss teiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip AuthoreteiptipEdmund eHillary bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
Theme
cbcsbs c c c
Thrilling experiences of the first explorers reaching Everest
cbcsbs cbcsbs
teiptsips teiptsips s
teiptsiapfew teiptsipIslay regaining
teiptsipsmy breath, tsips for thesefirst s
teiptsiptime s
eiptsipthe fierce teiptsips teiptsips
PROSE - The Summit

s
bes s
b es s
b For
es moments
s
b es sbes s
b esteipand b s really
s
b estfelt s
b es s
b es
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
determination that nothing now could stop us reaching the top.
ss ss sps well-organized
ss ss ss ss ss tsips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptiThe bcsbesteiptip expedition
bcsbesteiptip was launched
bcsbesteiptipin thebcspring
s
b esteiptipof 1953,
bcs
and
besteiptaiphigh camp
bcsb
from
esteip bcsbesteiptip
c c c to reach the
which c summit wasc established byc mid-May. After c a pair of climbersc failed toc reach the c
ss ss psips Fromes1920 psipsonwardsesmanypsipsfamousesclimbers
psips triedeto sips Mount tEverest.
psips They psips ss
eteiptip eteiptip on the summit.
sbestei t sb tei t sb tei t sb tei t
pclimb
sbstei t sbesei t
went
sbestei t eteiptip
closer to the goal but they did not achieve this. But Hillary and Tenzing reached Everest summit. At c bc cbcsbs
11:30 a.m. on May 29, 1953, Edmund Hillary of New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay, a Sherpa of Nepal,
ss s s becameteithe s sfirst explorerspsipsto reachesttheiptsipsummit
s of Mount
ptsips Everest, which
s s at 29,035 s sfeet above iptsea
sips ss
eteiptip eteiptip e ptip sbestei ton earth. b e too had sbesteisame eteiptip esteiptip beste eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsisbsthe highest
level cbcpoint cbcsThey cbcthe cbcsbs and danger
difficulty cbcsbfaced cbcsprevious
by the cbcsbs
climbers. Hillary and Tenzing with full hope moved forward facing all the hardships. In some places
s
b esteiptsips se
bsteiptsip they had
s
sbesteipsoft
tsipssnow and
sbesteipthey
tsips mightsgive
besteiptsiway
ps underetheir
sb steiptsipfoot.
s But they
sbesteiptsipproceeded
s
sbesteifurther
ptsips and reached
sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
thec top.
c This shows b
c c that if manchas b b b
c high spiritchec can achievec anythingc b
in this
c c world. b
cc b
cc
4
ss ss ss s s Life is meant s sto taste the sdaring
s adventure. ss ss ss ss
c c c c c c c c c c
Additional
UNIT
Answer the following questions in a paragraph of about 100–150 words.
ss ss iptsips iptsips teiptsipsachieve ss eiptsip
s teiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip beste Edmund beste andcbTenzing
csbes eteiptip bestreaching csbes Everest? eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsdid cbcsHillary cbcsbstheir goal
cbcsof cbMt. cbcsbs cbcsbs
Title The Summit
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsipsAuthors
b es
s
teiptsipEdmunds
b esteiptsips
Hillary
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Theme Thrilling experiences of the first explorers reaching Everest 139
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
In a number of places the overhanging ice cornices were very large indeed, and in order to
escape sthem I cut a line
s of steps down
s to where the
s snow met thes rocks on theswest.
ss ss psip psip psip psip psip psip psips ss
cbcsbs cbcsbs c
bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c
The well-organized expedition was launched in the spring of 1953, and a high camp from bc cbcsbs
which to reach at the summit was established by mid-May. After a pair of climbers failed to reach the
ss ss s Hillary tand ss tsipsfor it early sipsMay 29; by sips morningteipthey
ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip top bon esMay
teiptsip27, eseiptipTenzing set
esteipout esteipton esteiptlate es tip werebcsstanding
esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs csb bcsb bcsb bcsb bcsb
on the summit. They drank lemon juice and got ready to leave their camp with the oxygen cylinders.
c c c c c c bcsb c b cbcsbs
Following a ridge they reached a bump at 28000 feet. They continued their path on the ridge leading
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips to thesbe400
steiptsifeet
ps to theesouthern
s
b steiptsips summit.
s
b esteiptsipThey
s had totipcross
s
bes etsip many
s
se
b
overhanging
steiptsips iceticornices.
sbes eptsip
s Thentipthey
s
besetsip
s
s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc cameb
c c to a crack cand b b
c Hillary entered b
c c the crack.c cWith difficulty b b
c che moved incthec crack andccamebc out. b
cc
Then he signaled Tenzing to come through it; he too did it. With a few more steps they reached the
ss s s top at 11.30 s sam on May 29,
s s 1953. teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip e esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by
the sthings you didn’t
s do than by sthe ones you did
s do.
ss ss ss s s s s ss ss ss
Vocabulary Page 117
ss sps ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip steipti
bcsbeIdioms eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs ca) cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
i) s Given below
teiptsips sip sips are some idiomatic
sips expressions
sips with their
sips meanings. sips Understand sips the meaning
teiptsips teiptsips
PROSE - The Summit
es estei pt esti
e pt estei pt estei pt esteipt estei pt estei pt es es
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b ccb
a) wait for the dust to settle
s
b b
cc sb b s
b b s
b b s
b
- to wait for a situation to become clear or certain
cc cc cc ccb s
b b
cc s
b
b) get/have all your ducks in a row - to have made all the preparations needed to do something
ss ss ss ss ss s
teiptsiporganized ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip / to bbe
csbewell
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
c) fetch and carry (for somebody) - to do a lot of little jobs for somebody as if you were their
servant
ss ss teiptsips ss iptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbesmath eteiptip e te esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs d) docthe cbcsbs s
cbcb s c b sb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
- to think carefully about something before doing it, so that
c cbcsbs
you know all the relevant facts or figures
ss tsip s roundsethe s
teiptsipcorner iptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipe) ete eteiptip- verybcnear
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
ii) Fill in the blanks with the right idioms. Choose from the above given idioms.
s
b esteiptsips s
bes tsip s The Sherpas
teipa) s
b esteiptsipsare cheerful,
s
b esteiptsipsgallant sbmen,
es
s
teiptsipwho fetch
s
bes ptsipscarry tents,
teiand s
b es
s
teiptsipoxygen, food
s
b es
ps for climbers
teiptsietc., s
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
during their ascent of the summit.
pb)
sip s The team ptdoes
sips the math ptsicarefully so as sto
ptipsreach the psummit
sips successfully.
4
ss ps ss ss ss ss
e t
bcsbestei
bcsbestei
b csbestei
bcsbesti
e t
c c c) Whenc they had toc climb through c deep new snow c the partycsometimes had c to wait for the
c dust to c
settle.
UNIT
ss tsip s Each smember ss ss sips s

tsipget tsips in asrow. ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipd) eteiptip of the eteiptiphad allbctheir
team eteiptresponsibility
eteipto eteipducks
all their eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
e) We could not believe that with a few more whacks of the ice axe in the firm snow we were round the
ss
eteiptip psips corner eto pthe
sipstop. psips psips psips psips psips psips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs sestei t
cbcb s stei t
cbcb sestei t
cbcb sestei t sestei t
cbcb sestei t
cbcb sestei t
cbcb sestei t cbcb cbcb cbcsbs
iii) Understand the meaning of the given idiomatic expression and choose the right one to
complete the sentence.
s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips se steiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b c c the icing
b b c con the cake
b b c c – something
b b c c extra and
b b c cnot essential,c but
b b bc is added ctocmake it even
b b b c cbetter
b b b
cc b
140
break the ice – to make people more relaxed, especially at the beginning of the meeting
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12bcsb
ss
esteiptip
a) Thec conference room
c was silentc though packed.c The chairman c introducedcan interactivecsession to c
break the ice.
ss tsip s Our headmistress
ss s
teiptsippromised sips tsipsexcursion, ptsipsalso announcedss teiptsips ss
eteiptip eteipb) eteiptip noteonly teiptto
eus take us eteipan
for eteibut eteiptip thatbconereturn eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbs
we would get a holiday. It was like the icing on the cake.
ss b) Phrasal
psips Verbs psips ss ss ss ss ss Page 118
sps ss
eteiptip etei t etei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteipti eteiptip
i) Given below are the phrasal verbs with their meanings. Use the given phrasal verbs in
sentences of your own.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc turn
c c on
b c -c to openc c
b b b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
took over - took lead
ss ss set off ss s s a journey
- tipstart ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesetip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c
put off c- postponec c c c c c

ss s s 1. My tmanager
s s turned on a new account with the bank.
s s ss tiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eeti pt i p i pt i p
sbeseson tookcbover te ip
i pt
csbes the company eteiptip bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs 2. cbcThe cbcsbsfrom his cfather. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
3. During our last summer we set off to Ooty.
ss ss tsips wassput sipsdue to rain. ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteip tip 4. bcThe
eteipmatch eteiptoff eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
ii) Given below are some Phrasal Verbs which are frequently used in connection with
teiptsips s s travelling. s Guess

s the pmeaning
ss andpmatch.
ss ss ss ss ss teiptsips
esteiptip esteiptip estei tip estei tip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
PROSE - The Summit

ses es
b
cc b cbcsb cbcsb
see off
cbcsb
-
cbcsb cbcsb
start off / to begin a journey
cbcsb cbcsb cbcsb b
cc s
b
stop over s - to go s to station or airport to say good bye to someone

ss ptsips teiptsip ptsip ptsips ptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips ss
sbesteiptip sbesti
e
set sbes sbesti
e sbestei sbestei sbes sbes se
b s sbesteiptip
c bc c bc c off
b c c- to stay at acplace for a short
bc bc c period of time
bc c when travelling
bc c to another destination
bc c bc c bc
Answer
ss ss ss tsips or sairportss ss tiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip see boff
eteiptip – to go esteipstation eteiptipto saybcgood
eteiptip bcsbeseone eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbto cbcbs c sbs bye to csome cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
stop over – to stay at a place for a short period of time when travelling to another place
ss set off – start off / to begin a journey
eteiptip teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbes c bcsbes c bcse
b s c bcsbese c bcsbese cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
get in - leave a bus, train etc.
get off - to go away from home for a vacation.
esteiptsips esteiptsips get onesteiptsips - bsb
arrive
sps
eteipti inside btrain,
sps
i etc. esteipti
eteiptbus
sps
e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b ccbsb cc s c csbs cbcsb b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s
get away - enter a bus, train, plane.
4
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip Answer bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
get in – enter a bus, train, plane.
get off – leave a bus, train etc.
UNIT
eteiptip eteiptip get boneteiptip – arrive esteiptip train,bcbus
cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbinside c sbs etc. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
get away – to go away from home for a vacation.
ss ss iptsips s bill when
teiptsipthe ps
psileaving tiptsips tiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip check tin
bcsbese
- epay
sbestei t
a hotel
bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c
check out c-bcsbsarrive andcb c c
register at airport or hotel c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteip tsips Answer
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
c c b
c c in – arrive
check
b
c c and register b b
c cat airport or chotel
c b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
141
check out – pay the bill when leaving a hotel
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip bcsb
cc) Compound
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c Words
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
i) Here are some compound words chosen from the text.

ice-fall cbcsbsknife-edge
cbcsbs wind-proof
cbcsbs cbcsbs
sleeping-bags cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
half-way never-ending partly-full ice-axe
ss tsipsus learn sps s ss
eiptsip theirbsmeaning. ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipLet eteiaptifew more etwith eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
ice-berg - an extremely large mass of ice floating in the sea
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips ice-cap
s
b esteiptsips - asbelayer
steiptsipsof ice permanently
s
b esteiptsips s
b steiptsipsparts ofsbethe
covering
e s
ps especially
teiptsiearth, s
b esteiptsipsaroundsbesNorth
teiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
c cand South Poles b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ice-floe - a large area of ice floating in the sea
ss ss ss s ice thatticovers
teiptsipof ss ptsips of land efor s periodtipof
teiptasiplong ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip ice-sheet
bcsbesteiptip - bcasbelayer
s bcsbeseptip a large
bcsbesteiarea bcsb s bcsbesetiptime bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
ice-rink - specially prepared flat surface of ice, where you can ice-skate;
ss d) Semantic
ss Network ss ss ss ss ss ss Page 119
ss ss
i) Match the following with their right field, choosing appropriately from the box given.
ss ss ss ss ss tsips sps ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip Machinery
eteiptip Sports
eteiptip Transportation
eteiptip eteipGeography eteiptiWeather eteiptipTravelbcsbesteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs
snow-board – sports snow-storm – weather
teiptsips sips snow-mobile sips – transportation

sips
teiptsips
snow-bird
sips – travel
tsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
PROSE - The Summit
es estei pt esti
e pt estei pt es esteipt esteip geography es es es
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b snow-chains
b
cc s
b –
b
cc s
b machinery
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b snow-belt b
cc sb – b
cc s
b b
cc s
b b
cc s
b
ss Listening
sbesteiptip sbesteiptsips sb
ss
esteiptip sb
ss
esteiptip sb
ss
esteiptip sb
ss
esteiptip sb
ss
esteiptip sb
ss
esteiptip sb
ss
esteiptip sb
ss
esteiptip
c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
First, read the following statements. Then, listen to the passage read aloud by your teacher or
ss playedspon
s the recorder
sps and complete
sps the statements.
sps You
sps may listen
spsto it again,spifs required.sps ss
eteiptip eteipti esteipti eteipti eteipti eteipti eteipti eteipti eteipti eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Complete
cbcsbthe cbcsbs
following. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) List any three aspects which contributed to the success of the ascent of the summit.
ss ss sipsprevious climbers
eteiptip eteiptip i. bcwork
eteiptof eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
ii. careful and thorough planning
iii. excellence of our equipment
s
b esteiptsips s
bestei ptsips
sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
c c b) Without b b
c c the help cofcSherpas nothing b
c c would have b
c cbeen possible.b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
c) The main idea of the passage is requirement of mountain climbing.
4
ss tsip s The biggest ss s

ptsipworking ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipd) bcsbesteiptipthing of
bcsall
besteiis bcsbesteiptip
together.
c c c c c c c c c c
e) Edmund Hillary and Tenzing were cheerful and gallant men.
UNIT
ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eSpeaking eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
a) Group activity
ss ss ss tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips ss ss tiptsips ss
eteiptip e tip
teip esteiptip bcsbeseon an cadventurous
bcsbese bcsbeseIf so, shareeteiptip eteiptip bcsbeseyour eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs i) Havecbcsbyou ever cbeen ctrip? cbcsbs your success
cbcsbs story cwith cbcsbs
friends.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsiIpsam verysbesmuch
teiptsipsinterested
s
b esteiptinsipsadventurous
sbesteiptsiptrip.
s As I am
s
b esteiptsiapsschool sstudent
besteiptsips I cannot
s
besteihave
ptsips
sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
bigc adventures.
c b
Once
c c I had a chance b
c c to go onc trekking bc b
to Yercaud.
cc b
From cSalem b
c it is a 10c ckilometre b
cc
142 trip and the height is 3000 feet. We had to walk through the forest area so we had to get permission
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c the Forest Department.
c
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12bcsb
ss
esteiptip
from 15cstudents with cone of our teachers
c c trip at 8. O’clock
started our c in the c
morning. Certain area was tough to climb. It was very exciting to go through the forest. On the way
ss s s we cameteipto
s as small falls
teiptand
sips we tookteiaptsbath.
s We alltireached
s s the top sats1pm. We thad s slunch there and
ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip es tip csbes e ip e eptip eteiptip e eiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbdown
came in thecbbus. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
ii) How will you organise or plan for a trip or an event? Do you have the habit of preparing
ss s s a check-list?psips Discuss. psips psips psips psips psips psips ss
I have to consult the people concerned and decide the place and date. Then I should c bc cbcsbs
get permission from the authorities concerned. First I should talk to my principal about the trip and
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips convince
sbesteiphim
tsips to gives
b e
permission.
steiptsips If I ip
sbestego
tsipinto
s the sea
s
besteiptsiIpshould
s getipready
s
bestetsips withsbproper
esteiptsipsdress sand
besteipfoot
tsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc wear.
c c I have to get
b c cthe boat of the
b c crequired sizec for
b bc the trip. Atcleast
bc one or two c cgood swimmers
b c c should
b b
cc
accompany us. Not to miss any small item I will prepare a check list as per the need of the trip. One
ss s s day before sthe
s trip I will check
s s the listteipto
s my
s satisfaction. ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbes tip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c cb) Individual c Activity c c c c c c c
ss Given below sare a few proverbs. Prepare a shortspspeech of two minutesspon one of the
eteiptip e tiptsips
e e teiptsips e teipti s e teiptsips e tipti s
e ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcb proverbs.
s s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
a) Nothing is impossible
ss ss ps word e‘impossible’
teiptsips tsips ‘I’msepossible’.
teiptsips Napoleon s ptsips remarked tsips ss
eteiptip teiptsiThe itself
eteipspells,
spBonaparte tionce tipthat
eteiptip csbes ‘impossible’ steipti
csbethis bcsbese bcsbese on eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs thecbword cbcsbsis found only cbcsbins the dictionary
cbcbs of fools”.cbIn world,ceverything is c
possible cbcsbs
the basis of will power, dogged determination and sacrifice. To accomplish the most difficult tasks,
you needipto put in a lotip of hard work, iextra perseverance and concentration on a single objective.ipYou
teiptsips teiptsip s tetsips tetsips teptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips tetsips teiptsips
PROSE - The Summit

ses s es should s es s es s es s es s es s es s es s es
b
cc b b
cc b c c have patience
b b c c and faith cincyourself. You
b b b b c cshould havecdetermination,
b b bc b c dedication
bc b and
c cdevotion
b b b
cc b
to attain success. Never bother about the results. Keep on going even if the pace is slow. Just
ss ensure it remains steady.sYou are bounds to face obstacles en route to success, but swith courage and
esteiptip e tei ptsips e tei ptsips e tei ptips e tei ptips e tei ptsips e tei ptsips e teiptips tsips
esteipyour
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb s perseverance,
c bcsb s youc bcan
csb s master them.
c bcsb s Your positive
c bcsb s attitude and
c bcsb clear
s framec bof
csb mind
s determine
c bcsb c bcsb
future. In this world, there is no such thing as CHANGE. By your own ideas, will and ability, you can
create a number of chances, circumstances and the desired atmosphere to achieve the toughest goal.
ss ss ss psips sps ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip steipti
sbestei tthere cisbcasbeway. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs b) Where
cbcsbsthere is cabcwill, cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Generally, all of us have a goal in life which we work to achieve; however, the final goal
ss ss is achieved only by the ppeople who have strong will p power and work hard with complete dedication.
eteiptip eteiptip e teiptsips e tei tsips e teiptsips e tei tsips e teiptsips e teiptsips teiptsips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Will s s
cbcpower is necessary
b s s
cbc to create
b s s
cbca way of surety
b s s
cbc of achieving
b s s
cbcthe goal in life.
b s s
cbc Most of thecbpeople
b csbes do cbcsbs
not succeed in life as they don’t have strong determination and will towards achieving the goal. The
meaning ofs this
e teiptsips e teiptsips e tei pt i ps English e tei p
proverb
tsips ‘Wheresthere
e tei pt i ps is aewill tei ptsipthere
s is a way’
e tei ptsipiss when weteiphave
e tsips strong will
e tei ptsiptos
e teiptsips
b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s getcbsomething
csbs in clife
bcsbsurely
s we get
cbcsbthat
s in future. cbcsMost
bs of thecpeople bcsbs who are cbnot
csbsdetermined cbcsbtowards
s b
ccsb s
their goal generally tend to curse their fate or misfortune. But the fact of getting failure in life is that
we don’t have will and dedication towards the task. We should blame ourselves and our negligence
4
ss ss tsipsour fortune. ss sips ss ss tsipswork actively ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip onlyband
c s
b esteipnot b csbesteiptipHavingbcswish
b esteiptto bcsbesteiptip is not
get something bcsbesteiptip we bhave
enough;
csbesteipto bcsbesteiptipin bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
right direction with strong will power.
c) Together swe can achieve more
UNIT
ss iptsips iptips iptsips ss teiptsips ss teiptsips teiptsips ss
eteiptip e te e te e te eteiptip bcsbesadage esteiptipto any bcsbes bcsbesmight eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s s s
cbcb “Together s s
cbcbwe can achievecbcsbsmore”... cThis cbcsbtrue
holds corganization. cYou cbcsbs
say it is a simple phrase, but there is so much more to it. Let me tell you how we can achieve success.
ss A team with good communication, commitment, and excellent teamwork will certainly succeed. There
eteiptip teiptsips is nosbdoubt.
teiptsipsFirst, we iptsips to envision
tehave s
teiptsipour s
teiptsipmake tsips
teipmember ps
teiptsiteam tiptsips ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcse
b s cbc
es cbcsbe s cbcsbes goals
cbcsbeand
s each
cbcsbes cbcof
sbthe
es bcsbese
cunderstand cbcsbs
the common goal. Communication is vital in every step. We should collaborate with others. Every
member will be delegated a task. In delegating tasks, we focus on individual strengths and expertise.
s
b esteiptsips sbestei ptsips
b steiptsipsputs his
Each sperson
e s
b esteiptsipsin his tasks
heart sbes
ps buildsegood
teiptsiand s
b steiptsipsworking
sbesteiptsips
relationship along
sbes
s
teiptsipthe way.sbAs
es tsips
teiplong sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb ccb b
cc
as we have the 4 C’s - Communication, Commitment, Collaboration and conviction, we will continue 143
to succeed and deliver quality service.
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c Page 120
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Giving Instructions
ss tsips are saestfew s psipsgiven by s psips to aestgroup
psips of students,psips in order psiptos ss
eteiptip eteipHere eiptsip instructions
sbestei t
pasipHealth
sbestei t
Inspector
sbestei t sb ei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs preventcbmalaria
cb c bc c bc c bc c bc
and dengue. Complete the series adding some more important instructions. c bc c bc cbcsbs
1. Do not allow water to stagnate in and around your house.
ss tsip s Keep syour sips tsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteip2. eteiptsurroundings
eteipclean. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
3. Wear long-sleeved shirts / blouses and long pants / skirts that cover your arms and legs.
4. s Do not litter the
teiptsips tei ptsip tei ptsips place with
tei ptsipswastes. teiptsips ptsips
teiand iptsips
tein teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
b s
bes b s
b es 5. Divide
b s
b es
the waste into
bsbes
perishable and
b s
b es b s
be
non-perishables put them
b s
bes the proper
b s
b es
place. b s
bes b s
bes
Now, write a set of 8 to 10 instructions for the following situations.
ss tsip s A doctor sips sps ss ss ptsips careestafter s
eiptsip a surgery. ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteip1. bcsbesteiptinstructing
bcsbesteiaptipatientbcsbesteiptip
regarding
bcsbesteiptip diet band
a healthy
csbesteiproper bcsb bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
• Take vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat dairy products.
ss • Include lean meat, fish, beans, eggs, and nuts. s s

eteiptip e tiptsips
e e teiptsips pip
sbestei t sugars.
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s s
• cbcLimit
sb saturated s
cbcband trans fats,
s s
cbcbsodium, and
s cbcadded cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• Avoid canned food items.
ss
eteiptip psips •
etei t
Eat grains
psips that contain
estei t psip1,200–1,500
s
estei t pcalories
sips
estei t
each day
psipswhich will help
estei tpsipsmost womenpsilose
estei tps weight safely.
psips
estei t estei t
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs sb grains that
• cbcEat sb
cbccontain cbcsb
1,500–1,800 cbcseach
calories cbcsb for men and
b day suitable cbcsbfor womencwho
bcsb weigh cbcsbs
more or who exercise regularly.
teiptsips teiptsips • After teiptsurgery

sips closely
teiptsipfollow
s the doctor’s
teiptsips advice. teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
PROSE - The Summit
b s
bes b s
b es b sbes b s
b es bsbes b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es
cc cc • c cDo not eat spicy
c c food. cc cc cc cc cc cc
• Control your movements on the cot.
ss ss sips teiptsips properly. ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip • bcTake
sbesteiptprescribed
bcsbemedicine
s bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
2. A traffic police personnel to the public, as to how to move around in safety, in crowded
public places during festival seasons.
ss ss ss iptsips teiptsips teiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip • bcMake
eteiptip beste wherecbthe
csbesexits are.cbcsbes eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs sure you
cbcsknow cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• Don’t wear loose clothes or accessories that could become tangled.
ss • Avoidps standing on or near structures that could collapse.
eteiptip e teiptsips e tei tips e teiptsips e teiptsips ss
esteiptip them.
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s sb s
• cbcWalk aroundcthe s
b s
bc crowds rather sb s
cbc than pushing cbcsbthrough cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• Leave early or late to avoid the rush when the event is over.
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips • Ifsbeyou’re
steiptsipscaughtsbeinsteipatsip
moving
s crowd,
s
b esteiptsipwalk
s sideways
s
besteiptsipor
s diagonally
sbesteiptsipacross
s it totiwork
sbeseptsip yourbway.
s
sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b b
• c cTry to carry only b
c c your identification,
cc b b
c one creditc card.
cash,cand c ccb cc b
cc
• Choose a purse with zipper, button, or clasp closures, and a strap that hangs across your body.
4
ss ss ss sipsyour children. ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip • bcKeep
sbesteiptaipdiligentbcseye
besteipton bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c
• Dress your group alike or in bright-colored, unique clothing.
c c c c
• Remind younger children to avoid strangers, and help them identify police officers or officials to
UNIT
ss ss ps lost.eteiptsips
eiptsiwhen ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip goetto eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
• Place your phone number in your child’s pocket in case you’re separated.
• Keep your phone charged and on. Program it to vibrate as well as ring.
cbcsbs cbcsbs bcsb bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
3. A mother to her children, on safety measures to be taken before leaving home on vacation.
c c c bcsb cbcsbs
• Close the doors properly.  Leave one or two lights on.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips • Clean
s
b es
ps garbage
teiptsiyour s
b es
sips
teiptdisposal. sbesteiptsips 
s
b steiptsipsyour phone’s
eMute
s
b es
s
teiptsipringer. s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc cc b b
cc b
cc
144 • Unplug small appliances.  Do a faucet check.
• Clean standing toilet water.  Leave the kitchen clean.
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Reading
eteiptip bcsbeseMakingcbcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cNote cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
On the basis of your understanding of the given passage, make notes in any appropriate format.
ss ss ss ss sips of Sherpas ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptLife eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
I. Nomadic Sherpas migrated from Tibet to Nepal
a) 600 years ago
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc c c b) c cShyarkhambac c
b b b b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
c) 4 Sherpa clans – Minyaagpa, Thimmi, Sertawa, Chawa
ss tsips Littlesecontact
teiptsips beyond sips ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipII. bc b s bcsbesteiptmountains
c c
c c
a) have their own language
c c c c c c
b) have no opportunity to reach the top
ss ss sips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteip tip c) bccarry
eteiptthings eteiptip
for others eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
d) Edmund Hillary the ‘Sherpa King’
ss III.
s s Sherpasteipdie
sipsin mountain psipscasualties psips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbes t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs a) c bccarry c bc
heaviest loads c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
b) earn money from climbers
teiptsips teip tsips c) 1990s s
teiptsipcommercial ptsips on Everest
teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
PROSE - The Summit

s
bes s
b es s
b es s
b esteiguiding sbes s
b es s
b es s
b es s
b es s
b es
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ss
Grammar
ss ss ss ss ss ss s s Page 121 ss ss
esteiptip eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
Kinds of sentences.
ss a) Simples s Sentence ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
Task 1
Page 122
ss Pick
s s out theteipfinite
s s verbsteipin
s the
s following s s sentences. ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip e tip e tip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
a) You can solve this problem in different ways. – can solve
b) The professor has been working onspthe last
esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteipti s e steiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b chapter
b
ccsb of the book
b
cc s
b since March.
b
ccsb b
cc sb b
cc s
b – has
b
cc s
been
b working
b
cc s
b b
ccsb
c) Despite being a celebrity, Ravi mingles easily with everyone. – mingles
4
ss tsips You must ss ss teiptsips understood. ss ss teiptsips ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipd) bcsbesteiptipspeak bclearly
csbesteiptipto make
bcsbesyourself bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip – must
bcsbespeak
s bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
e) The chairman being away, the clerk is unable to approve
the proposal. – is
UNIT
ss iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip e te e te e te e te e te e te eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb f) Getting s s
cbcb down from s s
cbcb the car, the s s
cbcbChief Guest s s
cbcbwalked cbcb s s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
towards the dais amidst applause. – walked
ss tsips The old ptsips struggled s walk without
tiptsips support. tiptsips tiptsips– struggledtiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteipg) timan
bcsbese
tiptsipto
bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs h) Inccase c c
of emergency, please contact this number.
c c c
– contact
cbcsbs cbcsbs
i) s The sun having

teiptsips tei ptsip tei ptsips set, tthe
i
e ptsipstemperature
ti
e ptsipsfell rapidly.
teiptsips tei ptsips– fell teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
es es es es es es e e e e
b
cc s
b s
b
c c j) But
b s
b
c cfor your help,
b s
b
c c I could not
b sb
c chave completed
b s
b
c c the
b cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
ccsb s
assignment. – could not have completed 145
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip bcsb
cTask 2
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Read the following passage and identify the simple sentences.

ss ss psips ss ptsips iptsips tiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t esteiptip sbesteiposition bestesun. In cother
bcsbesewords, they esteiptip the light’.
eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcSunflowers cbcsbaccording
turn to
cbcthe cofbcsthe cbcsb‘chase cbcsbs Have cbcsbs
you ever wondered what happens on cloudy, rainy days when the sun is completely covered by clouds?
ss Ifs you think thessunflower withers or turns its head towardss the ground, you are completely s mistaken. Do
eteiptip e ips
teiptyou e
s
teiptiphappens? e teiptsips e tsips
teipto e ptips
teito e ptsips
teienergy. e teiptsipfrom e ps
teiptsiwe ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsb s know
cbcsb s
what cbcsb s
Sunflowers cbcturn
s
b s each other
cbcsb s share their
cbcsb s cbcsb s
Learning cbcsb s
Nature, cbcsbs
too should support and empower each other.
esteiptsips teiptsips
b) eComplex Sentencess
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs b
ccsb s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
Page 123
Task 1
ss tsips at sthe sps iptsips ss ss sips ss tsips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipLook bc esteiptifollowing
b bcsbestecomplex bc
sentences.
sbesteiptip b
Circle
csbesteiptip the Main
bcsbesteiptclausesbcs
and
besteiptipunderline
bcsbesteipthe bcsbesteiptip
c c Subordinate
c clauses.
c c c c c c c
a) Nobody knows when the power supply will resume.

ss ss teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip e e e e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
b) Please tell me
cbcsbs cbcsbs
what the time is.
ss c)s s The mantiptswho

s directed sthes film was smys schoolmate. ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip e e ip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
d) I believe that all men are basically good.
teiptsips tsip s No one teiptsips s

eiptsipwill return. psip s teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
PROSE - The Summit
s
bes s
b esteipe) s
b eknows
s when
sesthe sestei t s es s es s es s es s es
b
cc b
cc b
cc cbcb cbcb b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
Task 2
ss Pick
s s out theteipcomplex
ss sentences s s in theteipfollowing
ss passage.
ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbes tip b csbesteiptip bcsbes tip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c A man c c bush, as he cwas walking through
saw a lion in the c c He did not cknow what to cdo. He was
the forest. c
helpless. He was too scared to turn around and run. He just knelt down as if he were getting ready to pray.
He
s sclosed histeipeyes,
tsips thinking that
s s the lion twould
tsips pounce on
iptsiphim
s anytime.
ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptipShocked, eseipasked beste what itcwas teiptsiOut
ps of theecornerptsips of his eye,
sbsteireplied
siphes
esteiptwas
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs csbeson its knees
cbcsbs saw thecblion cbcsbtoo. cbcsbhe cbcslion
the bcsbesdoing. The
cbclion cbcsbhe
that cbcsbs
praying before he started his meal.
ss c) e teiptsips
Compound ss
Sentence ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
Two Main clauses connected by a conjunction form a compound sentence.
Task 1 s s
s
b esteiptsips s
beiptip
ste sbesteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
c c Identifyb
c cthe two Main b
c cclauses and b
c cconjunction b
c cin each of the b b
c c followingcsentences.
c b
cc b
cc
a) It started raining suddenly and people ran for shelter.
4
ss ss teiptsips raining teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss

bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip • bcItsbestarted
s bcsbessuddenly bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
• people ran for shelter
conjunction – and
UNIT
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip the concept
eteiptip well,bcotherwise
cbcsbs cbcsbs b) Understand
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs cbcsbscannot solve
you cbcsbsthe problem.
• understand the concept well
ss
eteiptip ete iptsips • you icannot
teptsips solve the
teiptsipproblem
s ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs c bcsbs csbes
cbconjunction –cbcsbes
otherwise cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
c) Fifty candidates appeared for the interview, but only five were selected.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips • Fifty
s
b es tsips
teipcandidatess
b esteiptsips for sthe
appeared bes tsips
teipinterview s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
146 • only five were selected
conjunction – but
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12bcsb
ss
esteiptip
d) Ramesh did notc know Spanish,
c so he wanted c c
a translator. c c c
• Ramesh did not know Spanish
ss ss s ss
eiptsip a translator ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip • bche
etwanted eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
conjunction – so
ss tsip s He issaestgood
iptsips actor, s is not tpopular.
iptsips tiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipe) bcb e
still
tiptsiphe
bcsbese bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c c
• He is a good actor c c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• he is not popular
s
besteiptsips iptsips
bcsbeste s
b esteiptsips – still
conjunction s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc c b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Task 2
ss tsips out the tsips teiptsips s
teiptsipfollowing ptsips ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipPick bcsbesteipcompound bcsbessentences b
in
csbesthe bcsbesteipassage. bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
The food we eat has to be digested and then thrown out of the body. The air we breathe in, has to be
thrown out, to help us survive. But we hold negative emotions like insecurity, anger and jealousy within
ss sips iptsips tsips tiptsips are not tiptsips ptsips grows ecorrupt
tiptsips and diseased.
tiptsips ss
eteiptip ti pt
e e ourselves for
besteyears. Ifcthese tipnegative
bcsbese
emotions
bcsbese
eliminated,
bcsbese
thetimind
bcsbese bcsbse bcsbese eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Let us docbcsaway c c c
with hatred and lead a healthy life filled with peace and joy.
c c cbcsbs
Page 124s
ss Taskti3
ptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss s ss
eteiptip ee eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
Complete the sentences choosing the right endings.
teiptsips teiptsiWe
ps wereethoroughly
teiptsips disappointed
teiptsips teiptsips – to find
teiptsipout
s his address
teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
PROSE - The Summit

b s
bes b s
b es b sb s b s
b es bsbes b sbes b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es b s
b es
cc cc c chad he stepped
Hardly c c out cc –c c
we could notcgo c further cc cc cc
They wanted – since our team did not get a prize
ss sps s
teiptsiprun tsips ss tsipsrecklesssedriving
teiptsips ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptiSince we
bcsbeshad out
bcsb steippetrol
eof bcsbesteiptip – bcwas
sbesteip
his bc bs bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
The cause of his injury – when it began to rain
ss psips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcAnswer cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
We were thoroughly disappointed since our team did not get a prize.
ss Hardly
s s had heteipstepped
ss out when psipsit beganesttopsirain.
ps psips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip e tip sbestei t sb ei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs They wanted
cbcsbs to find out
cbchis address. c bc c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Since we had run out of petrol we could not go further.
s
b esteiptsips s
bes tsipscausesofeste
teipThe b his
s
iptsipinjury was
s
b esthis s
eiptsiprecklesssb steiptsips
driving.
e s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Conditional Clauses
4
ss iptsips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip t
bcsbese1 esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
c bcsb cTask c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
Read the following sentences and fill in the blanks. UNIT
ss tsip s If I were sips sps ss teiptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipa. eteipt(be) eteipItiwould
a spider, eteiptip(weave)
weave webs.
e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
b. If Raj were (be) a sculptor, he would make (make) beautiful idols.
ss ss sipsa sculptorteihe
teiptis ss tsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipti p (or) bIfcsbeRaj e ptipwill makeeteipbeautiful idols.
cbcsbs cbcsbs c s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
c. If Mary had an umbrella, she would lend (lend) it to me.
d. Rex would shave played with me, if he had had (has) time.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
c c e. If Icwerebc you, I would b
c c accept c(accept) bc ccb
this offer. b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
147
f. We will select (select) story books for kids, if we allot time for storytelling.
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
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b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
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b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
g. Thec Education Minister
c c (visit) our school
will visit c tomorrow,c if he goes by cthis way. c c
h. You will be rewarded by the wise, if you stand (stand) for truth.
ss ss ss ss sps ss tiptsips teiptsips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip knows eteiptip eteiptip
steipti performance
bcsbepoor bcsbese she willcbnot
csbesallow mecto esteiptipa eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs i. If my mother
cbcsb cbcsbs(know) ofcmy cbcsbs in thecexam, bcsbwatch cbcsbs
movie.
ss j.s s If I had twon s sthe lottery,teipItsipwould
s have sdonated
s (donate)
s s relief materials
s s for theteipflood
s s victims.teiptsips ss
eteiptip eteiptip e eiptip e eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e tip e eteiptip
Task 2
s
besteiptsips s
b es tsips
teipRewrite the
s
b es ptsips
teifollowing s
b steiptsips using
sentences
e s
b es
sips withoutteichanging
teipt‘If’ s
bes ptsips the
s
bes
sips
teiptmeaning.s
b
iptsips
ste
e Page
s
bes tsips
teip125 s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Example : Unless you go for a walk regularly, you cannot reduce your weight. (Use ‘If’)
ss If you do not gosfor a walk regularly, you cannot reduce your weight.
esteiptip tiptsips
ee tiptsips ee tiptips eetiptsips tiptsips
ee tiptsips
ee tiptsips tiptsips
ee ee ee
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb
a) Sindhu would not have won the world championship, unless she had had single-minded
devotion.
ss ss ss teiptsips tiptsips ss iptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip Sindhueteiptip bcsbesechampionshipeteiptip eteiptip devotion.
bestehad single-minded eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbswould notcbhave
csbes won thecworld cbcsbs if she had
cbcsnot cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
b) You will not reach your goal, unless you chase your dream.
ss s s You willte
not
s reach
s yourtip
goal,
s s if you doteipnot
s schase your sdream.
s ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip e iptip e etip e tip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
c) Unless we plant more trees, we cannot save our planet.
If we do not plant more trees, we cannot save our planet.
PROSE - The Summit
ses s es s es s es s es s es s es s es s es s es
b
cc b c c d) The
b b c crescue team
b b c cwould notchave
b b bc saved cthe
b bc victims unless
b c c they had
b b c c received the
b b c c call in
b b b
cc b
time.
ss s s The rescue s team
s wouldtipnots shave saved sthe
s victims tifiptthey
s s had notteireceived
ss the call sins time. teiptsips ss
esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esetip esteiptip ese ip es ptip esteiptip e esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb
e) The
bcsb
c palace cannot bcsb
c be kept clean,
c bcsb
unless we
bcsb
c appoint more bcsb
c people. c bcsb cbcsbs c bcsb
The palace cannot be kept clean if we do not appoint more people.
ss ss psips ss psips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip
sbestei t so natural esteiptip had given
cbcsbs cbcsbs f) The
cbcportraits cbcsbsnot have
would cbcbeen cbcsbsunless the
cbcsbartist cbcsbs his best.
cbcsbs cbcsbs
The portraits would not have been so natural if the artist had not given his best.
ss tsips The manager psips would sips have selectedpsips Nithiksha psipsunless esshe s
psipexhibited sips accounting psips ss
eteiptip eteipg) sbestei t
pnot
sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sb tei t
pgood
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc
skill. c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc cbcsbs
The manager would not have selected Nithiksha if she had not exhibited good accounting skill.
s
b esteiptsips s
bes tsips The policeman
teiph) sbesteiptsips would
s
b es
sips
teiptnot havesb steiptsips thesbeman
arrested
e s
s
teiptsipunless he
s
b es ptsips
teihad violated
s
b es tsipsrules.sesteiptsips
teipthe s esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc cbcb b
cc b
The policeman would not have arrested the man if he had not violated the rules.
4
ss i)s s Mr Kunaal s would

s not sponsor
ss mytihigher
s s education s s unless tIeipstudied
ss well. ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip b csbeseptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbes tip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c MrcKunaal would csponsor my higher c educationcif I did not studied c well. c c c
j) Kavin will not stop flying kites unless he understands the risk involved in it.
UNIT
ss ss sips psips sps ss ss ss ss ss

eteiptip eteiptip Kavin esteiptnot sbestei t kites ifche eteiptip the risk
steipti not understand esteiptip in bit. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbwill stopbc
c flying bcsbedoes cbcsbs cbcsbinvolved c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
k) Tanya would not know the answer unless she referred to the answer key.
ss s s Tanya would s sknow theteianswer
s s if she trefer
s sto the answer s skey. ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip e ptip e eiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
l) My village cannot achieve 100 % literacy rate, unless the elders of the village cooperate
with the education department.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips My village
sbes
ps
teiptsicannot achieve
s
b es
s
teiptsip100 b steiptsipsrate, ifsbthe
% sliteracy
e es
sips
teiptelders of sthe
e
b s tsips do snot
teipvillage e
bs tsips
teipcooperate with
s
bes ips
b
cc b
cc ccb ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
148 education department.
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Writing
cbcsbs cSummarizing cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
• ummarizing
S is to briefly
ss ss sips sips sum tup sipthe
s varioustippoints
sips from tthe sipnotes
s made from
sips the original ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip tei pt tei pt eipt e t ei pt tei pt eteiptip eteiptip
cbcpassage.
sbes e e e e e
• Refer to the reading passage. You must have completed reading. Now go through the passage
once again and refersptos the notes made and do the summarizing.
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteipti sbesteiptsips se
b steiptsips se
b steiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
be steiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
c c Summary b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb ccb b
cc
The Sherpas
ss ss sps Sherpasteipwere
ss ps
eiptsimigrate tsips and get ptsips in theesSolukhumbu
teiptsips ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptiThe bcsbes tip the bfirst
csbestto b
from
csbesteipTibet bcsbesteisettled bcsb bcs
District,
c c c During 14th
Nepal. c centrury, Sherpa
c ancestors c migrated from c Kham. The cgroup of people c from the c
Kham region were called “Shyar Khamba” and the inhabitants of ShyarKhamba were called Sherpas.
ss ss psipslittle contact s the world s sips psipswere notestallowed
psips to goestto ips ss
eteiptip eteiptip Sherpas had
sbestei t
psipwith
sbestei t
psipbeyond
sbestei t
thepmountains.
sbestei t
They
sbestei t sb ei t
psthe
sb ei t eteiptip
top. They got a low salary. Today Sherpas get good pay. The transformation began when the Sherpa c bc c bc cbcsbs
Tenzing Norgay and Hillary reached Everest in 1953. Life in Khumbu improved thanks to the efforts
ss s s taken byteipHillary
tsips andshence iptsipshe wassknown s sas SherpateiKing.
ptsips Sherpas tiworking
ptsips on the pEverest
sips perish one
ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbesbecause of beste disasters. eteiptip bcsbesebenefitted
bcsbes Sherpas chave eteiptip
sbestei tcommercialisation eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs bycone cbcnatural cbcbsIn some cways cbcfrom cbcsbs cbcsbs
of the Everest. They have taken up jobs as guides.
teiptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips
PROSE - The Summit

t sbeste te ete
b
cc s
bes bcsbese
cInterpreting
cbcnon–verbal
cbpresentation
csbes cbcsbs b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es b
cc s
b es
Trace the trekking trail to reach the summit with the given detail and write an interesting
ss s s paragraph s in
s about t100 s swords. teiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbeseiptip bcsbes bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c ThecSummit of Mount
c Everestc c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
4
c c c c c c c c c c
Khumbu Glacier was the base camp. It is at a height of 17500 feet. They had a short stop
at
sip19400 feet and sthen proceeded to 20200. s On the way they had ice fall and it gave some trouble to them.
UNIT
ss s iptsiptheir ps
iptsiand tips tsips is atsaestheight
iptsips of 21200. ips
iptsThis iptsips ss
eteiptip e tiptThey
e e
continuedte e t
trekkinge reached e teipWestern CWMe teipwhich e e te was beste 4th eteiptip
cbcsbs s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s cbcbs s cbcb s
cbcb s cbcstheir cbcsbs
stop. Then they took right turn and reached 22000. This led to their 6th place which is at a height of 23000
feet.
ss sips To reach thes7th place theys crossed Lhotse
sip sip sips face. The si7th
s stop wastip24000
sips feet high. sipThey
s proceeded tiptsips ss
eteiptip teip t tei pt tei pt tei pt tei pt p e t ti
e pt
bcsbese and eteiptip
cbcsbs further cand bcsbescrossed Genevacbcsbs Spur and cbcsbreached the bheight
c csbs of 26000 cbcsbfeet.
es Then bthey
c csbs further cmoved
e e es e e
cbcsbs cbcsbs
reached 27500. With great difficulty they reached South Summit which is at a height of 28700. Now they
were closer to our goal. Then they reached the top which is above 29035 feet. They were successful in
teiptsips t i ptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips tiptsips teiptsips
b
cc s
b es bsbs their mission.
cc
e e bsbese
cc bsbese
cc ccbsbese cc bsbese cc bsbese ccbsbese ccbsbese b
ccsbes
149
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
POEM
s cbcsbs cbcsbs
Ulysses
- Alfred Tennyson
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
bes i
te ptsi p s
s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ss Summary
sps ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
esteiptip eteipti esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip
“Ulysses” was published in 1842 in the collection of poetry that secured Tennyson’s literary fame. It
ss s s s
teiptsipyears sps he was sipsyears old,teipfollowing
ss s
eiptsip of his ss ss ss
eteiptip had ti pt i p
e ebeen written enine eteiptiwhen
earlier, eteipt24 e tip the
etdeath eteiptip friend,
closest eteiptip
Arthur eteiptip
Henry Hallam. This poem has been written as a dramatic monologue: the entire poem is spoken by a single
character, whose identity is revealed by his own words.
ss ss psips psips psips psips psips psips psips ss
cbcsbs cb csbs c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
Ulysses complains that he is “idle” as a king, being at home with his elderly wife, stuck passing c bc cbcsbs
enlightened laws for a “savage race” that sleeps and eats but does not know him. He does not want to cease
s
besteiptsips sb teiptsips he has
hisestravels;
s
b es ptsips the most
teimade s
b es
sipshis life, having
teiptof sbesteiptsips suffered
sbestand s
eiptsip experienced
sbes
s
teiptsippleasure s
b
both
es
s otherstiand
teiptsipwith sbes eptsip
s
s
b esteiptsips
b
cc bc
c alone b
c cat sea and on b
c cthe shore. He b
c cis a famouscname; bc bc b b
c has beenc honoredc b
cc
and both he hascseen the world c and
POEM - Ulysses
everywhere. He also has enjoyed battling at Troy with his fellow warriors.
b b sbesteiptip
c c c c He
c is “a part of all
c c that I have met,”
c c c but this isc not the end, for
c c his experience
c c is an archway
c c to new
c c c
experiences, with the horizon always beyond reach. It is boring to stop and wither away and be useless in his
ss old tage;spssimply breathing
psips is notelife. s
psipMultiple sips be tooteiplittle
livespwould sips to get the sips out of existence,
pmost psips psips
and tlittle ss
eteiptip seipti
csbehis sbestei t sbstei t sbestei t sbes t sbestei t sbestei t sbesei t eteiptip
cbcsbs cbof c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc
one life remains, but at least he is alive and there is time for “something more.” It would be a shame c bc c bc cbcsbs
to do nothing for even three days; he does not want to store himself away. His “gray spirit” yearns to attain
ss knowledgess ss teiptsips star,” eteiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip and followeteiptipit “like a esinking eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
In contrast, his son Telemachus, who will succeed him as king, seems content to stay put and
simply rule the people. Ulysses loves him and knows that he iwill use his prudence to govern wisely, turning
s
b esteiptsips s
besteptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips sbesteiptsips sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
c the
c “rugged”cpeople bc b
“mild,” cand b
c he is “blameless”
cc b
and “decent”
c c in his “commonb
cc duties.”b
c cHe honors the b
c cfamily’s b
cc
gods. Yet, Telemachus does not have his father’s energy; “He works his work, I mine.”
4
ss ss tsips at the ptsips s

eiptsipbeyond, teiptsips to him. s
eiptsiprecallsb“the sips tsips ss
bcsbesteiptip
bcsbesteiptip Ulysses
bcsbesteiplooks bcsbesteiport and the
bcsbestsea bcsbecalling
s bcsbestHe csbesteiptthunder band
csbesteipthe bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
sunshine” of his mariners’ exciting travels together, their “free hearts” and free minds, and understands that he
and they are old now. Yet, they stills can do something noble ands suited to their greatness, especially as they
UNIT
ss iptsips iptsips iptips iptsips iptips iptsips iptsips ss ss

cbcsbs s
cbare s
cb men whoconce s s
bcb fought with s s
cbcbgods. s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s cbcbs
s cbcsbs
Light fades, and the day wanes. Ulysses calls out that it is not too late to discover a “newer world.”
ss sips sips ps
teiptsibeyond ptsips exploring ss s
teiptsipPerhaps s
teiptsipeven teiptsips ss
eteiptip They
e teipt
can leave eteiptshore
this andsbesail eteisunset,
the eteiptipuntil he edies. they
e will ereach eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbc s cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
the Happy Isles and meet Achilles. Although they are weak in age, much vigor remains; they still have “heroic
hearts” which are “strong in will” and want to persevere, explore and discover and never give up.
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
150
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
www.Padasalai.Net
s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
Glossary Page 130
ss ss psips psips psips psips psips psips ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t sbestei t eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bc
drink life to the lees c bc c bc c bc c bc
– drink to the very last drop; here ‘live life to the fullest’c bc cbcsbs cbcsbs
scudding – moving rapidly because of the wind
ss tsips ss sps sips ss teiptsipsassociated ptsipsrain esteiptsips ss
eteiptip eteipHyades eteiptip eteipatigroup
– eteiptin
of stars eteiptip Taurus
the constellation eoften eteiwith eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsb cbcsbs
vext – (past tense of ‘vex’) upset
to rust unburnish’d – tos let go waste, swithout being sused
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptips s
b esteiptips s
besteiptips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc c c three suns
b b
cc c c – three long
b c cyears
b b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Telemachus – son of Ulysses
ss tsips sesteiptsips tsips ss ss ss ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipsmite bcb bcs
– te
besipstrike bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c furrow c c – mark made c in the water c by the ship c c c c
baths – outer ocean or river that the Greeks believed to surround the flat earth
ss ss ss ss ss ss ss ss eiptsip
s ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteipatipfortunate esteiptip situatedeteiptip eteiptip eteiptip sbestGreek eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Happy Isles
cbcsbs cbcsb– cbcsbisland cbcsbsin the Atlantic
cbcsbsOcean, popularly
cbcsbs known cbcas cbcsbs
Paradise
Achilles – the greatest of Greek warriors (as an infant his mother dipped into the river Styx,
ss ss ss ss ss ss sips sps ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip eteiptip esteiptthe bcsbesteipti she held esteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs which made
cbcsbhim invulnerable
cbcsbs everywhere
cbcsbbut feetcby which cbcsbhim) cbcsbs
1. Complete the summary of the poem, choosing words from the list given below.
s
besteiptsips s
b es tsips 1 tose32
teipLines b steiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
POEM - Ulysses
Ulysses is (1) unwilling to discharge his duties as a (2) king, as he longs for (3) travel. He
ss is filled with ans (4) unquenchable thirst fors (5) adventures and wishes to live life to the (6) fullest. sHe
esteiptip esti
e ptsips esti
e ptips esti
e ptsips estei ptips estei ptips estei ptsips esteiptsips esteiptiHeps ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb has travelled
c bcsb far and wide
c bcsb gaining (7)
c bcsknowledge
b c of
bcsvarious
b places,
c bcsb cultures, men
c bcsb and (8) matters.
c bcsb c bcsb
recalls with delight his experience at the battle of Troy. Enriched by his (9) experience he longs for
ss more and his quest seems endless. Like metal which would (10) rust if unused, life without adventurespis
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips steipti
s ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s s
cbcb meaningless. s s
cbcb According s
cbcto s s s
b him livingcbcisbnot merelycb(11) s s
cb breathing s
cbcto s
b stay alive.cbcThoughsb s old c bcsbezestful,
but cbcsbs
Ulysses looks at every hour as a bringer of new things and yearns to follow knowledge even if it is
ss ipt(12)
sips unattainable.
iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips Pageip131 tsips ss
eteiptip ete ete ete ete ete ete ete ete eteiptip
fullest unquenchable unattainable experience knowledge king
matters rust adventure unwilling travel breathing
esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips esteiptsips ss
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips
b
cc s
b b
cc s
b ccbsb ccb s
b cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s b
cc sb s b
ccsb s
Lines 33 to 42
pt sips Ulysses
ptsipsdesires to hand
ptsips over his (1)
ptsipkingdom to his
ptsipsson Telemachus,ptsips who ewould ptsipsfulfil hisesduties
4
ss s teiptsips ss
e towards s
his
bc bestei
subjects with
bcs est
care
b ei
and (2) b s estei
prudence.
c b s es
Telemachus
bc b ti
e s
possesses
bc bestei
patience and
bcsb ste
has
i
the willb s
to
c b civilise bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
the citizens of Ithaca in a (3) tender way. Ulysses is happy that his son would do his work blamelessly and
iphe
sipswould pursue
ipsipshis (4) quest
ipsipfor
s travel and
ipsipknowledge.
UNIT
ss s ipsips ipsips ipsips ipsips ss
eteiptip etet etet etet etet etet etet etet etet eteiptip
prudence kingdom quest tender
ss tsips 44 to eiptsip
eteiptip eteipLines et70 eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
Ulysses beckons his sailors to (1) gather at the port where the ship is ready to sail. His
companions who sipshave faced siboth (2) thunder sips and sunshine sips with a smile, sips are united sipbys their undying
s
b esteiptsips s
b estei ptsips
spirit of s
b estei
adventure.
pt
Though
s
b estei pt ps
death would
s
b esti
e p
end
t s
b es
everything,
tei pt
Ulysses e
urges
s
b stei pt
his es
companions
s
b teipt
to join es
him
s
b
sips
teiptand sbesteiptsips
b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb ccb b
cc b
cc
sail beyond the sunset and seek a newer (3) world, regardless of consequences. These brave hearts who 151
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip b
c moved (4) heaven
c csb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c may have cgrown old andcweak physically
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip b
c but their spiritcsb
c is young
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
had once and earth,
and (5) undaunted. His call is an inspiration for all those who seek true knowledge and strive to lead
ss psipsmeaningful
(6) ps
psilives. psips psips psips psips psips psips ss
eteiptip sestei t sestei t sestei t sestei t sestei t sestei t sestei t sestei t eteiptip
world thunder meaningful gather undaunted heaven
ss tiptsips teiptsips ss sps ss teiptsips ss ss ss
eteiptip bcsb eseAnswercbthe
csbes following esteiptip steipti or two
csbeone esteiptip csbes eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs c2. cbcsbquestions cbin cbcsbsentences cbeach. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
a) ‘Ulysses is not happy to perform his duties as a king.’ Why?
s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips Ulysses
s
b estdoes s
eiptsip not want
sbes ptsipbes an idleesking
teito s
b
s wouldtipmeet
teiptsipwho s
bes
s
s
b steiptsiptos talk tosbethem
etsip thebpeople
e steiptsipsabout the
s
bes ptsips
teilaws. s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc cc b
cc ccb b
cc
He knows that he cannot retire from travel.
ss b) What does he think ofsthe people ofs his kingdom?

esteiptip esti
e ptips esti
e ptips tsips
esteippeople.
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb Hecthinks
bcsb that the
c people
bcsb of hisckingdom
bcsb are savage
c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
c) What has Ulysses gained from his travel experiences?
ss ss psipsand known ps
psipeople psipscities. Heeste
psipscome toesknowpsipsthe manner, s
psipclimate, psips ss
eteiptip eteiptip He has seen
sbestei t sbestei t
of emany
sbstei t
has
sb i t sb tei t sbestei t
councils
sbestei t eteiptip
and governments of different cities. c bc c bc c bc c bc c bc cbcsbs
d) Pick out the lines which convey that his quest for travel is unending.
ss ss ss sips ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip “Yetbcall
eteiptip esteiptarch eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbsexperiencecbcissban wherethro’
Gleams that untravell’d world whose margin fades
s
besteiptsips s
b esteipe)
tsip s ‘As tho’
s
b esteipto
tsipbreathe
s
s
b ewere
steiptsips life!’ s–besFrom
teiptsips the given
s
b esteiptsipline
s what tdo
s
b es eiptsipyou understand
s
s
b esteiptsips of Ulysses’
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
c c to life?c c
attitude b b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
POEM - Ulysses
Ulysses does not like to stay in a place; he is always for adventures. For him life is not merely for
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip breathing.
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsesteiptip
b bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
f) What does Ulysses yearn for?
ss s s Ulysses tyearns
s s for knowledge;s s he looks s
at every hour as a bringer of new things.
s ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eet i pt i p esei pt i p eet i pt i p ee t i pt i p eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs g) Who cbcsb
does the speakercbcsbs address cbcsbins the second cbcsbspart? cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
He addresses the sailors who are willing to join him for adventure.
ss tsips Why sdid sips sps hand over ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiph) eteiptUlysses eteiptito
want eteiptipthe kingdom
eteiptipto hisbson?
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c csbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Ulysses wanted to hand over his kingdom to his son Telemachus, because he wanted to go with the
sailors to experience new adventures.
b
cc b b
cc b i) Howb
cc would
b Telemachus
b
cc b transform
b
cc b the subjects?
b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
Telemachus would fulfil his duties towards his subjects with care and prudence. Telemachus possesses
4
ss s s patienceteipand
s shas the will stos civilise the scitizens
s of Ithaca s sin a tender sway.
s ss ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbes tip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c j) ‘Hec works his work,c I mine’ c– How is the cwork distinguished? c c c c
Ulysses’ work is to go to different places and Telemachus, his son’s work is to rule his kingdom.
UNIT
ss ss tiptsips ss s
teiptsipmariners ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbeseways were eteiptip bcsbeshis eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs k) Incwhat cbcsbsUlysses cand cbcsbsalike? cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Ulysses and his mariners were old but they had the honour of the old age. They were closer to death
ss but they wanted to do some noble works before their end.
eteiptip e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptsips e teiptips psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
psips
sbestei t
ss
eteiptip
cbcsbs s
b s
cbc l) What sb s
cbc could be the s
b s
cbc possible outcomes
cbcsb s bc
of their travel?
c c bc c bc c bc cbcsbs
The sea in Gulf may wash them down and they may reach the Happy Isles which are known as Greek
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips Paradise.
s
b es
sips may see
teiptThey s
b es
sips great Achilles.
teiptthe s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
152
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
c Page 132
ss
esteiptip 12
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip
3. Identify the figures of speech employed in the following lines.
ss tsip s “Thro’se iptsips drifts s Hyades
tiptsiprainy tiptsips ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipa) scudding
bste
the
bcsbese bcsbese eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs Vext cbcthe c
dim sea..”. c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
eg. ‘Personification’ is employed in the above lines.
ss ss psips ss ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip sbestei t roaming esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs b) “Forcbcalways cbcsbwith cbcsbheart”
a hungry cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Personification.
s
besteiptsips s
b es tsip s “And drunk
teipc) sbes
s
teiptsipdelight of
s
b esteiptsipswith my
battle s
b esteiptsips
peers”; s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Personification.
ss tsip s “.....the eiptsip
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipd) bcsbestdeep bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c round withc many voices”.c
Moans c c c c c
Personification.
eteiptip eteiptip bcsbese knowledge esteiptipa sinking esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs e) “Tocfollow cbcsblike cbcsbstar”. cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Simile.
ss ss ps port the
teiptsithe tsips puffsseher ps
teiptsisail” ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteipf)tip “There elies eteipvessel eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Personification.
esteiptsips 4. ete tsips the sets

ipRead ss teiptsipsthe poem
eteiptipof lines efrom
sips answer
eteiptand
sips questions
eteiptthe
ss
eteiptip that follow.
ss
b
cc s
b cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs b
cc s
b s b
cc s
b s
POEM - Ulysses
a) “… I mete and dole
ss Unequal laws unto a savage race,
esteiptip e ti
e ptsips e ti
e ptsips e ti
e ptsips ptsips
esteiknow
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
ss
esteiptip
c bcsb c bcsb s That
c bhoard,
csb s and sleep,
c bcsb s and feed,c and
bcsb not
c me”.
bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb c bcsb
i. What does Ulysses do?
ss ss ss ss sips about tthe ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip bcUlysses
eteiptip meetsbcpeople
eteiptipand talkseto
teiptthem e eiptiplaws. bcsbesteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs c sbs cbcsbs cbcsbs c cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
ii. Did he enjoy what he was doing? Give reasons.
He did not enjoy what he was doing. His main goal was to travel for adventure. He called his
eteiptip eteiptip eteiptipa savage
people erace. eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
b) “Yet all experience is an arch wherethrough
Gleams that untravell’d world, whose margin fades ps
s esteiptsips sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips sestei tips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b Forcever
bc and for ever
b c c when I move”.
b b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
i. What is experience compared to?
4
ss ss ss ss sps ss tsipsunknown ptsips ss ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcExperience
sbesteiptip is bcompared
csbesteiptip to anbcsbesteiptithrough
arch
bcsbesteiptipone canbcssee
which
besteipthe bcsbesteiworld. bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip
c c c c c c c c c c
ii. How do the lines convey that the experience is endless?
Whenswe see through the arch, thesend fades away and immediately a new sight will emerge.sSo
UNIT
ss iptsips iptips iptsips iptips iptsips iptsips iptsips s ss
cbcsbs s
cbcb s cbcthe
s s
b experience cbcis
s s
b endless. cbcb s s s
cbcb s s
cbcb s s
c) “Little remains: but every hour is saved
ss s s From that s s silence,
eternal s
ssomething more,ss ss ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip esteiptip esteiptip esteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c bcsb c bcsb
A bringer of new things; and vile it were”
c bcsb cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
i. How is every hour important to Ulysses?
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips Ulysses
s
b esteiptsipswants to
s
b esteiptsips whatever
utilise s
b es tsips is leftswith
teiptime e
b s
ps So every
teiptsihim. s
b es
s
teiptsiphour s
b steiptsips to him.
isbimportant
e s
b
cc b
cc b
cc ccb b
cc ccb b
cc cc b
cc b
cc
153
c c c c c c c c c c
s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b e teiptsips
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s s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
b esteiptsips
www.TrbTnpsc.com s
b esteiptsips s
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
ENGLISH
c bcsb
12 ss
esteiptip
c bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip bcsb
ss
esteiptip
ii. c What does cthe term ‘Little
c remains’ convey?
c c c c c
He is already old so only little time is left with him.
cbcsbs cbcsbs d) “This
cbcsisbsmy son, mine
cbcsbsown Telemachus,
To whom I leave the sceptre and the isle
Well-loved of me”,
ss ss ss ss iptsips iptsips ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eteiptip i. bcWho
eteiptip eteiptip bestekingdom eteiptip
bestein his absence? eteiptip eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs c sbs does Ulysses
cbcsbs entrust
cbcshis cbcsto, cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs cbcsbs
Ulysses entrusts his kingdom to his son, Telemachus in his absence
s
besteiptsips s
b esteip tsips ii. Bring
s
b es
s the significance
teiptsipout sbesteiptsips of
s
b estthe s
eiptsip ‘sceptre’.
s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
b esteiptsips s
besteiptsips s
besteiptsips
b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc b
cc
Sceptre is the decorated staff carried by kings. It is the symbol of kingly power.
ss tsip s “Thatsever sps a frolicteiwelcome

bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteipe) bc esteiptiwith
b bcsbes ptip took
c c Thec thunder and cthe sunshine, and c opposed” c c c c c

ss s s i. What s
do ‘thunder’ and ‘sunshine’ refer to?
s psips ss teiptsips situation ss ss ss ss
eteiptip eeti pt i p t
sbese i
cbc‘Thunder’
pt i p
and sbestei t eteiptip bcsbesdifficult eteiptip esteiptip they travel.
eteiptip eteiptip
cbcsbs cbcsbs cbc‘sunshine’ refer
cbcsbtos the easycand cbcsbs they meet
cbcsbwhen cbcsbs cbcsbs
ii. What do we infer about the attitude of the sailors?
ss s s Sailors s ready to
s are s s any situation
accept s s on theteip s s They have
way. s
spositive ss
attitude. ss ss
f) “Death closes all: but something ere the end,
Some workspofs noble note,spmay yet be done,
sesteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteipti s esteipti s s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips s esteiptsips
b
cc b b
cc b Not
ccunbecoming
b b men
b
cc b that strove
ccwith
b b Gods”. b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b b
cc b
POEM - Ulysses
i. The above lines convey the undying spirit of Ulysses. Explain.

ss ss ss ss ss ptsips He will tsipsbe frightened ss teiptsips ss
bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip bcsbesteiptip has abcstrong
Ulysses
sbesteiptipand determined
bcsbesteiptip mindbcsbto
esteitravel. bcsbesteipnot bcsbesteiptip of any
bcsedifficult

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tiptsips teiptsips www.Padasalai.

tiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips FREEsbesteiptsips

tiptsips ss ss s unit of Shyamala

Account Name : SURYA PUBLICATIONS

tiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips

Account Name : SRI GANGA PUBLICATION

tiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips

tiptsips Speaking, s s Reading

Following the objectives formulated in the newipsyllabus, SURYA PUBLICATION

tiptsips numberesteiptipof salient

tiptsips s s For students

tiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips

Supplementary Life of Pi psips 81 -s85

tiptsips 5eiptsips Poemesteiptsips

6 Poem Incident of the French Camp 224 - 233

tiptsips teiptsips GRAMMARteiptsips EXERCISES

PROSE - Two Gentlemen of Verona

ss ss ss ss iptsips iptsips iptsips ss tiptsips ss

PROSE - Two Gentlemen of Verona

ss 3.s s Jacopotwho s s barely came s s up to the door

a) damaged b) new c) fresh d) sticky Ans:

19. But directed by Jacopo, we drew up at a large p re-roofed villa.

PROSE - Two Gentlemen of Verona

cbcsbs cbcsbs Exercise csbes

ss a) dirty s s b) neat c) tattered d) ragged s s

ss tsips ss ss ss ptsips ss sps ptsips ss

PROSE - Two Gentlemen of Verona

b)sips Why did the

cbcsbs cbcsbs e) Why

ss tsip s Describe sips ss sips ss ss ss ss ss

ss iptsips The author iptsipwas strangely s

c)sip s How did the

PROSE - Two Gentlemen of Verona

teiptsips tei ptsips So the narrator

cbcsbs cbcsbs admitted bcsbes hospital cfor

ss tsips Howswas sps familyteiaffected

Shortly afterward a bomb shad destroyed

ss s s aged 13teiwass sNicola, and sthe

Title Two Gentlemen of Verona

ss ss sps sips Gentlemen ss ss ss ss ss ss

PROSE - Two Gentlemen of Verona

teiptsips teiptsips teiptsips tei ptsipsAge does tnot

esteiptsips eteiptsip So the title

PROSE - Two Gentlemen of Verona

cbcsbs cbcsbs e) conscience

ss iptsips iptsips iptsips iptsips ss ss ss ss

ss ss wallet sps valet hoard sps horde

ss 3. put out s s – stop something burnings

PROSE - Two Gentlemen of Verona

e teiptsips e teiptsips manage

Onsthe occasions of World Environment

PROSE - Two Gentlemen of Verona

ss Tenses s Form Example Sentence

cbcsbs cbcsbs Past Perfect

ss tsip s No, thanks, ss s

ss ss teiptsips tiptsips sips ss iptsips iptsips tiptsips ss

teiptsips tsip s Mrs. Mageshwari

PROSE - Two Gentlemen of Verona

s esteiptsips ses tsip s Yusufsgoes

ss sips ss ss ss sips the door, sips ss ss ss

PROSE - Two Gentlemen of Verona

ipi)tsip s You must iptsfollow

b) Teacher : Why are you late?

ss 1. tsips onsthe sps psips of theestext,