ENGLISH COURSE

CARDOZA YARLEQUE ANA FABIOLA

FULLNAME: _______________________________________________________________________ DATE:_______________
TEACHER : ATALA TICERAN ISMENA CAREER:____________________________________________________

PASSIVE VOICE
USE OF PASSIVE

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is
performing the action.

Example: My bike was stolen.

In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it.
Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows:

Example: A mistake was made.

In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).

Form of Passive
Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)
Example: A letter was written.
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:
the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)

TRANSITIVE VERBS HAVE BOTH ACTIVE AND PASSIVE FORMS:

ACTIVE PASSIVE
The hunter killed the lion. >> The lion was killed by the hunter.
Someone has cleaned the windows >> The windows have been cleaned

The passive forms are made up of the verb be with a past participle:

  BE PAST PARTICIPLE  
English Is spoken all over the world
The Windows have been cleaned  
Lunch was being served  
The work will be finished soon
They might have been invited to the party

 WE SOMETIMES USE THE VERB GET TO FORM THE PASSIVE:

Example:
Be careful with the glass. It might get broken.
Peter got hurt in a crash.

 IF WE WANT TO SHOW THE PERSON OR THING DOING THE ACTION WE USE BY:

Example:
She was attacked by a dangerous dog.
The money was stolen by her husband.
We can use the indirect object as the subject of a passive verb:
 
ACTIVE   PASSIVE
I gave him a book for his birthday >> He was given a book for his birthday.
Someone sent her a cheque for a thousand
>> She was sent a cheque for a thousand euros.
euros

 WE CAN USE PHRASAL VERBS IN THE PASSIVE:

 
ACTIVE   PASSIVE
They called off the meeting. >> The meeting was called off.
His grandmother looked after him. >> He was looked after by his grandmother.
They will send him away to
>> He will be sent away to school.
school.

 SOME VERBS VERY FREQUENTLY USED IN THE PASSIVE ARE FOLLOWED BY THE TO-INFINITIVE:

 
be supposed to be expected to be asked to
be scheduled to be allowed to be told to

Example:
John has been asked to make a speech at the meeting.
You are supposed to wear a uniform.
The meeting is scheduled to start at seven. 
 

TENSE SUBJECT VERB OBJECT

SIMPLE PRESENT Active: Rita writes a letter.

Passive: A letter is written by Rita.
SIMPLE PAST Active: Rita wrote a letter.
Passive: A letter was written by Rita.
PRESENT PERFECT Active: Rita has written a letter.
 Passive: A letter has been written by Rita.
FUTURE I Active: Rita will write a letter.
Passive: A letter will be written by Rita.
MODAL Active: Rita can write a letter.
Passive: A letter can be written by Rita.

EXAMPLE OF PASSIVE:

TENSE SUBJECT VERB OBJECT

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE Active: Rita is writing a letter.

Passive: A letter is being written by Rita.
PAST PROGRESSIVE Active: Rita was writing a letter.
Passive: A letter was being written by Rita.
PAST PERFECT Active: Rita had written a letter.
Passive: A letter had been written by Rita.
FUTURE II Active: Rita will have written a letter.
Passive: A letter will have been written by Rita.
CONDITIONAL I Active: Rita would write a letter.
Passive: A letter would be written by Rita.
CONDITIONAL II Active: Rita would have written a letter.
Passive: A letter would have been written by Rita.

PASSIVE SENTENCES WITH TWO OBJECTS 

Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes
the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what
you want to put the focus on.

  SUBJECT VERB OBJECT 1 OBJECT 2

Active: Rita Wrote a letter to me.

Passive: A letter was written to me by Rita.
Passive: I was written a letter by Rita.

As you can see in the examples, adding by Rita does not sound very elegant. That’s why it is usually dropped.

PERSONAL AND IMPERSONAL PASSIVE

PERSONAL PASSIVE simply means that the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive
sentence. So every verb that needs an object (transitive verb) can form a personal passive.

Example: They build houses. – Houses are built.

Verbs without an object (intransitive verb) normally cannot form a personal passive sentence (as there is no object
that can become the subject of the passive sentence). If you want to use an intransitive verb in passive voice, you
need an impersonal construction – therefore this passive is called Impersonal Passive.
Example: he says – it is said

IMPERSONAL PASSIVE is not as common in English as in some other languages (e.g. German, Latin). In
English, Impersonal Passive is only possible with verbs of perception (e. g. say, think, know).

Example: They say that women live longer than men. – It is said that women live longer than men.
Although Impersonal Passive is possible here, Personal Passive is more common.

Example: They say that women live longer than men. – Women are said to live longer than men.
The subject of the subordinate clause (women) goes to the beginning of the sentence; the verb of perception is put
into passive voice. The rest of the sentence is added using an infinitive construction with 'to' (certain auxiliary verbs
and that are dropped).
Sometimes the term Personal Passive is used in English lessons if the indirect object of an active sentence is to
become the subject of the passive sentence.

EXERCISES:

II.-EXERCISES ON PASSIVE (ACTIVE → PASSIVE)

1.-EXERCISE ON PASSIVE VOICE - SIMPLE PRESENT.REWRITE THE SENTENCES IN PASSIVE VOICE.
 He opens the door
 We set the table
 She pays a lot of money
 I draw a picture
 They wear blue shoes
 They don't help you
 He doesn't open the book
 You do not write the letter
 Does your mum pick you up?
 Does the police officer catch the thief?
THE DOOR IS OPENED BY HIM.
THE TABLE IS SET BUY US.
A LOT OF MONEY IS PAID BY HER
A PICTURE IS DRAWN BY ME
BLUE SHOES ARE WORN BY THEM
YOU ARE NOT HELPED BY THEM
THE BOOK IS NOT OPENED BY HIM
THEE LETTER IS NOT WRITEN BY YOU
ARE YOU PICKED UP BY YOUR MUM?
IS THE THIEF CAUGHT BY THE POLICE OFFICER?

2.-EXERCISE ON PASSIVE VOICE - SIMPLE PAST.REWRITE THE SENTENCES IN PASSIVE VOICE.

 She sang a song
 Somebody hit me. -
 We stopped the bus. -
 A thief stole my car. -
 They didn't let him go. -
 She didn't win the prize. -
 They didn't make their beds. -
 I did not tell them. -
 Did you tell them? -
 Did he send the letter? -
A SONG WAS SUNG BY HER.
I WAS HIT BY SOMEBODY
THE BUS WAS STOPPED BY US
MY CAR WAS STOLENT BY A THIEF
HE WAS NOT LET GO BY THEM
THE PRIZE WAS NOT WON BY HER
THEIR BEDS WERE NOT MADE BY THEM
THEY WERE NOT TOLD BY ME
WERE THEY TOLD BY YOU?
WAS THE LETTER SENT BY HIM?

3.-EXERCISE ON PASSIVE VOICE - PRESENT PERFECT.REWRITE THE SENTENCES IN PASSIVE VOICE.

 Kerrie has paid the bill.
 I have eaten a hamburger
 We have cycled five miles.
 I have opened the present.
 They have not read the book.
 You have not sent the parcel.
 We have not agreed to this issue.
 They have not caught the thieves.
The bill has been paid by Kerrie.
A HAMBURGER HAS BEEN EATEN BY ME
FIVE MILES HAVE BEEN CYCLED BY US
THE PRESENT HAS BEEN OPENED BY ME
THE BOOK HAS NOT BEEN READ BY THEM
THE PARCEL HAS NOT BEEN SENT BY YOU
THE ISSUE HAS NOT BEEN AGREED TO BY US.
THE THIEVES HAVE NOT BEEN CAUGHT BY THEM
  Has she phoned him? HAS HE BEEN PHONED BY HER?
 Have they noticed us? HAVE WE BEEN NOTICIED BY THEM?

4.-EXERCISE ON PASSIVE VOICE - FUTURE I. REWRITE THE SENTENCES IN PASSIVE VOICE.

 Jane will buy a new computer.
 Her boyfriend will install it
 Millions of people will visit the museum.
 Our boss will sign the contract.
 You will not do it.
 They will not show the new film.
 He won't see Sue.
 They will not ask him.
 Will the company employ a new worker?
 Will the plumber repair the shower?
A NEW COMPUTER WILL BE BOUGHT BY JANE.
IT WILL BE INSTALLED BY HER BOYFRIEND
THE MUSEUM WILL BE VISITED BY MILLIONS OF PEOPLE
THE CONTRACT WILL BE SIGNED BY OUR BOSS
IT WILL NOT BE DONE BY YOU
THE NEW FILM WILL NOT BE SHOW BY THEM
SUE WILL NOT BE SEEN BY HIM
HE WILL NOT BE ASKED BY THEM
WILL A NEW WORKER BE EMPLOYED BY THE COMPANY?
WILL THE SHOWER BE REPAIRED BY THE PLUMBER?

5.-PASSIVE VOICE - EXERCISE WITH AUXILIARY VERBS.REWRITE THE SENTENCES IN PASSIVE VOICE.
 I can answer the question
 She would carry the box
 You should open the window.
 We might play cards.
 You ought to wash the car.
 He must fill in the form
 They need not buy bread.
 He could not read the sentence.
 Will the teacher test our English?
 Could Jenny lock the door?
THE QUESTION CAN BE ANSWERED BY ME
THE BOX WOULD BE CARRIED BY HER
THE WINDOW SHOULD BE OPENED BY YOU
THE CARDS MIGHT BE PLAYED BY US
THE CAR OUGHT BE WASHED BY YOU
THE FORM MUST BE FILLED IN BY THEM
BREAD NEED NOT BE BUYED BY THEM
THE SENTENCE COULD NOT BE READ BY HIM
WILL OUR ENGLISH BE TESTED BY THE TEACHER?
COLD THE DOOR BE LOCKED BY JENNY?

6.-MIXED EXERCISE ON PASSIVE VOICE.REWRITE THE SENTENCES IN PASSIVE VOICE.

 John collects money.
 Anna opened the window.
 We have done our homework.
 I will ask a question.
 He can cut out the picture.
 The sheep ate a lot.
 We do not clean our rooms.
 William will not repair the car.
 Did Sue draw this circle?
 Could you feed the dog?
THE MONEY IS COLLECTED BY JOHN
THE WNDOW WAS OPENED BY ANNA
OUR HOMERWORK HAS BEEN DONE BY US
A QUESTION WILL BE ASKED BY ME
THE PICTURE CAN BE CUT OUT BY HIM
A LOT WAS EATEN BY THE SHEEP
OUR ROOMS ARE NOT CLEANED BY US
THE CAR WILL NOT BE REPAIRED BY WILLIAM
WAS THIS CIRCLE DRAWN BY SUE?
COULD THE DOG BE FED BY YOU?

7.-EXERCISE ON PASSIVE VOICE - PRESENT PROGRESSIVE.REWRITE THE SENTENCES IN PASSIVE VOICE.

 Sheila is drinking a cup of tea.
 My father is washing the car
 Farmer Joe is milking the cows
 She is taking a picture of him.
 I am writing a poem.
 We are not playing football.
 He is not wearing a tie.
 Is she preparing the party?
 Are they talking about the meeting? IS THE MEETING BEING TALKED ABOUT BY THEM?
 Is she watering the flowers?
A cup of tea is being drunk by Sheila.
THE CAR IS BEING WASHED BY MY FATHER
THE COWS ARE BEING MILKED BY FAEMER JOE
A PICTURE OF HIM IS BEING TAKEN BY HER
A POEM IS BEING WRITTEN BY ME
A FOOTBALL IS NOT BEING PLAYED BY US
A TIE IS NOT BEING WORN BY HIM?
IS THE PARTY BEING PREPARED BY HER?
ARE THE FLOWERS BEING WATERED BY HER?
8.-EXERCISE ON PASSIVE VOICE - PAST PROGRESSIVE.REWRITE THE SENTENCES IN PASSIVE VOICE.
 We were talking about Francis.
 He was playing the guitar
 She was watching a film.
 I was repairing their bikes.
 They were not eating dinner.
 We were not painting the gate.
 You were not driving him home.
 He was not feeding the dogs.
 Was she reading these lines?
 Were they carrying bags?
Francis was being talked about by us.
THE GUITAR WAS BEING PLAYED BY HIM
A FILM WAS BEING WATCHED BY HER
THEIR BIKES WERE BEING REPAIRED BY ME
DINNER WAS NOT BEING EATEN BY THEM
THE GATE WAS NOT BEING PAINTED BY US
HE WAS NOT BEING DRIVEN HOME BY YOU
THE DOGS WERE NOT BEING FED BY HIM
WERE THESE LINES BEING READ BY HER?
WERE BAGS BEING CARRIED BY THEM?

9.-EXERCISE ON PASSIVE VOICE - PAST PERFECT.REWRITE THE SENTENCES IN PASSIVE VOICE.

 I had worn blue shoes.
 Joe had cleaned the tables.
 We had lost the key.
 They had started a fight.
 I had been reading an article.
 I had not closed the window.
 They had not bought the paper.
 She had not noticed me.
 Had she solved the problem?
 Had he recorded that song?
Blue shoes had been worn by me.
THE TABLES HAD BEEN CLEANED BY JOE
THE KEY HAD BEEN LOST BY US
A FIGHT HAD BEEN STARTED BY THEM
AN ARTICLE HAD BEEN READ BY ME
THE WINDOW HAD NOT BEEN CLOSED BY ME
THE PAPER HAD NOT BEEN BOUGHT BY THEM
I HAD NOT BEEN NOTICIED BY HER
HAD THE PROBLEM BEEN SOLVED BY HER?
HAD THAT SONG BEEN RECORDED BY HIM?

10.-EXERCISE ON PASSIVE VOICE – SIMPLE PRESENT.COMPLETE THE SENTENCES (ACTIVE OR PASSIVE VOICE). USE
SIMPLE PRESENT.
 He (sell) SELLS cars.
 The blue car (sell) IS COLD
 In summer, more ice-cream (eat) IS EATEN than in winter.
 She (call) CALLS her grandparents every Friday.
 The letters (type) ARE TYPED.
 He (take) TAKES his medicine every day.
 Jane (take / not) ISN’T TAKEN to school by her father.
 We (go) GO to school by bus.
 She (work / not) DOES NOT WORK for a bank.
 Milk (keep) IS KEPT in the refrigerator.

11.-EXERCISE ON PASSIVE VOICE – SIMPLE PAST.COMPLETE THE SENTENCES (ACTIVE OR PASSIVE VOICE). USE
SIMPLE PAST.
 They (visit) VISITED their granny.
 We (visit) WERE VISITED by our teacher.
 My friend Paul (bear) WAS BORN in Dallas.
 She (go) WENT to school in Boston.
 Antony (grow up) GREW UP in the country.
 The new shopping centre (build) WAS BUILT last year.
 The film (produce / not) WASN’T PRODUCED in Hollywood.
 Barbara (know) KNEW James very well.
 The jewels (hide / not) WEREN’T HIDDEN Nin the cellar.
 We (spend / not) DIDN’T SPEND all day on the beach.
12.-EXERCISE ON PASSIVE VOICE – PRESENT PERFECT.COMPLETE THE SENTENCES (ACTIVE OR PASSIVE VOICE). USE
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE.
 The car (steal) HAS STOLE.
 I (bakeI) HAS BAKED a cake.
 My friends (buy) HAVE BOUGHT a house.V
 The cup (put) HAS PUT on the table.
 Trees (plant) HAS PLANTED in the street.
 The boy (fall / not) HASN’T FALLEN off his bike.
 I (bite / not) HASN’T BIT by a snake.
 He (step) HAS STEPPED on my toe.
 We (walk) HAVE WALKED all the way home.
 She (pick up / not) HASN’T PICKED UP by a friend