9.

3 TARGET GROUPS
9.3.1. LOW MIDDLE INCOME GROUP (LMIG):
For the current fiscal year, lower middle-income groups are those with a GNI per capita,
calculated using the World Bank Atlas method, between $996 and $3,895. Lower middle class
refers to households and individuals who are somewhat educated and usually stably employed,
but who have not attained the education, occupational prestige, or income of upper middle
class.

9.3.2. LOW INCOME GROUP (LIG):

Low-income groups are defined as those with a GNI per capita of $995 or less in 2017.

9.3.3. ECONOMICALLY WEAKER SECTIONS (EWS):

Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) is a term used to refer to those citizens or households
with income below a certain threshold level. Though there may be other economic factors in
deciding on the economic weakness of the citizen/household, income is the dominant criterion.

9.4. LOW COST HOUSING UNITS

LMIG:
Family Members: 6 (2 grandparents, 2 parents, 2 children)
No. of rooms: 6 (1 living room, 1 kitchen, 1 bedroom for Grandparents, 1 bedroom for parents, 1
bedroom for son and 1 bedroom for daughter)
LIG:
Family Members: 5 (1 grandparent, 2 parents, 2 children)
No. of rooms: 4 (1 room for living room or grandparents’ room, 1 room for kitchen, 1 bedroom
for parents and 1 bedroom for son/daughter,)
EWS:
Family Members: 4 (2 parents, 2 child)
No. of rooms: 33 (1 room for kitchen and living and 1 bedroom)
9.5. LESSON LEARNT
 Low cost housing = cost effective housing = affordable housing
 the structure with necessary infrastructure with social demand is known as housing
 Cost conscious design is required in each stage and comparative studies of alternative
building materials construction technologies is essential in each stage
 Need to promote local resources and improve their qualities
 Need to promote the low cost construction technology
 Prefabrication in housing can greatly speed up construction
 Low cost housing is not only for low income group.
 Low cost housing can be designed without compromising function and aesthetic value.
 for the poor countries like Nepal, it seems effective to adopt Low Rise High Density
system
 Shorter length of service lines like road, water supply pipes, sewerage pipes, electricity
cables etc. are required.
 The building components, produced in the mass scale reduce the cost of the components.
 It has improved the living condition of people and the beauty of city
 Level of socialization to all age group
 Space hierarchy-public-semipublic-semi private-private

Need to be review Building-Bye-Laws with the scenario of changing technology, demand, and process.
9.6.1 SITE PLANNING

The program to be included was first determined and then design of supporting infrastructures i.e. the
design of road, sewer, water supply and the orientation of building and the whole construction process.
Here the master plan mainly features the road networks, residential, community and recreational areas,
greeneries and the other landscaping fabrics as well.
The basic philosophy of this housing project is to achieve a greater sense of neighborhood community
and yet maintain the equilibrium between functional and amenities by creating an appropriate
environment suited to the life style of different socio-environment and cultural groups. The housing
complex, which is environment friendly with low rise high density, is inspired by the physical and human
scale. It promises to bring resident’s essential pleasure of sun in each house, a view of sky through large
opening and also greenery/trees can be seen from each individual house.
As per the design concept to give the planning its integrity, the master plan encompasses within itself the
wide streets, which provides the major vehicular access to each and every plot which are intercepted by
the pedestrian linkages. The wide streets are made so as to provide a smooth flow of vehicles to every
plot on the site without any obstructions and dead ends
9.6.2 DESIGN PROCESS

Basic design process of this project flows as shown in the figure. After doing all the Case studies,
Literatures reviews and other journals we get know about the term Low-cost Housing and its essential
components in details. Site analysis helps us to know about the current scenario where this project was
going to be executed.
Essential programs were formulated and zoning was done in accordance to spatial relation within them.
Spaces with more density where place quite far away to manage traffic congestion in the main highway.
Provision of green and recreation space are also provided. Community building are also given the major
importance.
Design of individual house was done considering its mass and void relationship. The density of
population living out there in a specific area of land was also the major factor during this process. Height
was so adjusted as per the space required. And finally the final result was obtained using different low
cost construction techniques and materials.
9.6.3 DESIGN GUIDELINES

• MIXED USED PLANNING

• PLANNIG ALONG THE EXISTING
ROAD AXIS
• PROVISION OF COMMUNITY
AND RECREATIONAL SPACES
• MASS AND VOI D
• ABUNDANT GREEN SPACES

FIG- SPACE PLANNING

FIG- EXISTING ROAD PARRTERN GUIDING DESIGN
9.7. FEATURES OF DESIGNED LOW COST HOUSING
LOWER MIDDLE INCOME GROUP (ROW HOUSING)

BUILT-UP AREA: 35m2

LENGTH:6.57m

BREADTH:4m

NO. OF STOREY:2

EACH FLOOR HT:3m

NO. OF BUILDING UNITS:32

NO. OF FAMILY ACCOMODATION:4

MATERIAL USED: HOLLOW CONCRETE

BLOCKS

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN
 FRONT ELEVATION

LOW INCOME GROUP

(INDIVIDUAL HOUSING)

BUILT-UP AREA: 35m2 BACK ELEVATION

LENGTH:7m

BREADTH:4.87m

NO. OF STOREY:2

EACH FLOOR HT:3m

NO. OF BUILDING UNITS:18

NO. OF FAMILY ACCOMODATION:5

MATERIAL USED: RAMMED EARTH

ECONOMICALLY WEAK SECTION

Plot Area: 5900 sq.ft.

Plinth Area: 3700 sq. ft
Ground Floor Area: 3700sq. ft
Ground Coverage
area 62.7 sq.ft.
Rooms

Bedroom: 9'-4” x 7'-4” Although small, it will be sufficient as

Kitchen/Dining: 11'-4” x 8'-8”
Toilet : 7'-0” x 3'-4”
back door is not in the kitchen and separate
water closet has been provided for washing
purpose
A closed kitchen will provide protection
from climatic condition and also provide
security
Pan with water trap is used although it is
expensive as it is more hygienic
10. CONCLUSION

Cost Effective Housing or Low Cost Housing would be a good alternative to shabby and poor
settlements. It will also improve the hygiene of the residents and the surroundings. But not just
the low cost tagline would be sufficient for the construction but also the construction should be
strong, durable and safe.
The output of the project is a 'low cost durable home' for the homeless and economically weaker
group of the society. Giving a good shelter will improve their health and make them more
productive.
Effective resource management and prevention of haphazard housing construction shall also be
achieved. The Implementation of low cost housing is extremely contextual from today's point of
view.