NAME: SYLVESTER ASAMOAH

INDEX NUMBER: 6025916

PROGRAMME: AGRICULTTURAL AND BOI-SYSTEM ENGINEERING

COURSE: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS (MATHS 351)

1. 2X₁ + X₂+ X₃ – 2X₄ = -10

4X₁ + + X₃ + X₄ = 8

3X₁ + 2X₂ + 2X₃ + =7

X₁ + 3X₂ + 2X₃ -X₄ = -5

21 1−1

[ ]
A₁ =
4 0 21
3220
13 2−1

X₁ −10
X=
[] []
X₂
X₃
X₄
b=
8
7
−5

A = LU

1000

M₁ =
−3
2
−1
2
[ ]
−21 0 0
0 10

001

2 11−2

[ ]
0−2 0 5
M₁A₁ = A₂ = 0

0
11
22
53
22
3

0
 10 0 12

[]
01 0 0
1
M₂ = 0 1 0
4
5
0 01
4

21 1−2

[ ] 0−2 05
M₂A₂ = A₃ = 0 0

00
1 17
2 4
3 25
2 4

10 0 0
M₃ =
[ ]
0 10 0
0 0 10
0001

2 11−2

[ ]
0−2 0 5
M₃A₃ = A₄ = 0 0
1 17
2 4
0 0 0−
3
2

A₄ = U

2 11−2

[ ]
0−2 0 5
U = 00
1 17
2 4
0 0 0−
13
2

L = (M₃M₂M₁)¯¹

L = M₃¯¹M₂¯¹M₁¯¹
 1000 1000

|[ ][ ]|[
2 10 0 0 1 0 0
3
2
1
2
1
01 0 0− 1 0
4
5
00 1 0− 0 1

1000
4
1000
0100
0010
0031
]
[ ][
2100
3 1
= − 10
2 4
1 5
− 01
2 4

1000
1000
0100
0010
0031
]
[ ]
2100
3 1
L = − 10
2 4
1 5
− 31
2 4

A = LU

A¯¹ = (LU)¯¹

A¯¹ = L¯¹U¯¹

1000 21 1−2

[ ][ ]
2100
3 1

1 5

21 1−2
0−2 05
A = LU = − 1 0 0 0
2 4
1 17
2 4
− 3 1 0 0 0−
2 4
13
2

=
[ ]
4 0 21
3220
13 2−1

1 1−2 21−2 2 11
[ ][ ][ ]
Det [ LU ] =−4 2 20 −2 3 2 0 +1 3 22
3 2−1 13−1 1 32

= -4 ( 4 ) – 2 ( -15 ) + 1 ( -1 )
 = -16 +30 -1

= 13

0 21 4 21 402
[ ] [ ][ ]
Cofactor of LU = 2 2 0
3 2−1
− 320 + 3 20 -
12−1 1 2−1
402 1 1−2 21−2 21−2 21 1 1 1−1 2 1−2 21−2 21 1 1 1−2 21 1
[ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] [ ][ ]
322
132
− 2 20 + 320 − 320 + 322 + 021 − 421 +
3 2−1 1 2−1 13−1 1 3 2 3 2−1 1 2−1 13−1
401 − 4 02
132
− 0 2 1 + 4 02
2 20 322

2−2−1−6 2−4 11−8

Cofactor of LU =
[
1115−25 6
−8−5 17−2
][
−4−9 15−1 → −2−9 15−5
−1 5−2517
−6−1 6−2
]
2 4 4 8

[ ]
− −
13 13 13 13
2−4 11−8 −2 9 15 5
( LU )¯¹ =
[
1 −2−4 15−5
13 −1 15−25 17
−6−1 6−2
] −
= 13 13 13 13
−1 15 25 17

−6 1 6
−
−
13 13 13 13
−
2
13 13 13 13

2. 2X₁ -X₂ = 3
-X₁ + 2X₂ - X₃ = -3
- X₂ +2X₃ = 1

2−1 0 3
[ ]
A = −12−1
0−1 2 []
b = −3
1

SYMMETRIC

A = AT

2−1 0
[ ]
Aᵀ = −12−1
¿ 0−12
Positive definite

Det [ 2 ] =2>0

2−1 =3>0
[−12 ]
Det ( A ) = 4 ¿ 0

Since matrix A is symmetric positive definite

(a ) YES

( b ) because the matrix A is symmetric positive definite

A = LU

By cholesky factorization if A is symmetric positive definite

A = L Lᵀ

100

[ ]1
L = L 10
L2 L 3 1

1 L1 L2

[ ]
U = = Lᵀ = 0 1 L3
001

1L1L2

[
L Lᵀ = L 1 L 1+1 L 1 L2+ L 3
L2 L2+ L 3 L22 + L 32+ 1 ]
A = L Lᵀ

2−1 0 1 L1L2

[ ][
−12−1 = L 1 L 1+1 L 1 L2+ L 3
0−1 2 L2 L2+ L 3 L22 + L 32+ 1 ]
L1 = -1

L2 = 0

L2 + L3 = -1

L3 = -1

1−10 100
( ) ( )
U = 0 1−1
001
L = −1 1 0
0−1 1

L=b
 100 Z1 3
[ ][ ] [ ]
−11 0 Z 2 = −3
0−11 Z 3 1

Ꙃ₁ = 3

Ꙃ₁ + Ꙃ₂ = -3

Ꙃ₂ = 0

Ꙃ₂ + Ꙃ₃ = 1

Ꙃ₃ = 1

Ux = Ꙃ

1−1 0 X 1 3
[ ][ ] [ ]
0 1−1 X 2 = 0
001 X ₃ 1

X₃ = 1

X₂ - X₃ = 0

X₂ = 1

X₁ - X₂ = 3

X₁ = 4

3. 2X₁ - X₂ =2
-X₁ + 2X₂ - X₃ =1
- X₂ + 2X₃ - X₄ = -1
- X₃ + 2X₄ = 1

A = L Lᵀ
L 11 0 0
[
L = L 21 L 22 0
L31 L32 L33 ]
L11 L 12 L 13
[
Lᵀ = 0 L22 L 23
0 0 L 33 ]
L112 L11 L 21 L 11 L31
L Lᵀ =
[ L 21 L 11 L212 L222 L21 L31+ L 22 L 32
2
L31 L11 L 31 L 21+ L32 L 22 L 11 L 31+ L 32 L 22
2 ]
 2−1 0 L 112 L11 L 21 L 11 L31
[ ][
−12−1 =
0−1 2
L 21 L 11 L212 L222 L21 L31+ L 22 L 32
L31 L11 L 31 L 21+ L32 L22 L 11 L 31+ L 322 L222 ]
√2 0 0
L=
[ ] −√ 2 √ 6
2
0− √
2
6 2 √3
3 3
0

√2 0

[ ]
√2−
2
U = Lᵀ = 0
√6 − √6
2 3
2 3
00 √
3

L=b
√2 0 0

[ ][ ] [ ]
−√ 2 √ 6
2 2
0− √
6
3 3
2 √
0
3
Z1
Z
Z
2 =

₃
3
−3
1

3
Z₁ =
√2
√6
Z₂ = -
2

Z₃ = 0

Ux = 2

√2 0

[ ][]
√ 2− 3 √2
2 1
X 2
√
0 −
2
00
6 √6
3
2 √3 X
X
2 =

3
−√ 6
2
0
[]
3

2√ 3 X ₃
=0
3
X₃ = 0
√ 6 X 2 +0= −√ 6
2 2
X₂ = -1

√2 3√2
√ 2 X₁ - X₂ =
2 2

X₁ = 1