Arabic

Verbs:
● Past Tense​: Conjugation will only change the end of the verb
َ ‫ = َﻧ‬He helped → ‫ﺼ ْﺮ َت‬
○ Ex​. ‫ﺼ َﺮ‬ َ ‫ = َﻧ‬You helped
● Present Tense​: Conjugation is reflected in both the beginning and end of the verb
○ If you see a verb conjugated to ‫\ﻫ َﻲ‬ ِ ‫ ُﻫ َﻮ‬, don’t always assume that ‫\ﻫ َﻲ‬
ِ ‫ ُﻫ َﻮ‬are the
doer, because sometimes the noun after the verb is the doer
■ Ex. ُ‫​“​ َﺧَﻠ َﻖ اﷲ‬Allāh​ created”, not “He created”
○ Beginnings of Verb:
■ ‫ي‬
■ ‫ت‬
■ ‫أ‬
■ ‫ن‬
○ Endings of Verb:
‫ْى َﻦ‬ َ ‫ِىﯿ‬
‫ْﻦ‬ ‫ُى ْﻮ َن‬ ‫ﺎن‬
ِ ‫َى‬ Ḍamma:ُ Normal

‫ُى ْﻮ‬ ‫َىﺎ‬ Fathạ : َ Sukūn: ْ Kasra: ِ Variation

Examples Pronoun End Beginning

ُ ‫َﯾ ْﻨ‬
‫ﺼ ُﺮ‬ He ‫ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ُ ‫ي‬

ُ ‫َﯾ ْﻨ‬
‫ﺼ ُﺮ ْو َن‬ They ‫ُﻫ ْﻢ‬ ‫ُى ْﻮ َن‬ ‫ي‬

ُ ‫َﺗ ْﻨ‬
‫ﺼ ُﺮ ْو َن‬ You all ‫َأ ْﻧﺘُﻢ‬ ‫ُى ْﻮ َن‬ ‫ت‬

‫ْﻦ‬ ُ ‫َﺗ ْﻨ‬

َ ‫ﺼ ِﺮﯾ‬ You feminine ‫َأ ْﻧ ِﺖ‬ َ ‫ِىﯿ‬
‫ْﻦ‬ ‫ت‬

ُ ‫َأ ْﻧ‬
‫ﺼ ُﺮ‬ I ‫َأَﻧﺎ‬ ُ ‫َأ‬

ُ ‫َﻧ ْﻨ‬
‫ﺼ ُﺮ‬ We ‫َﻧ ْﺤ ُﻦ‬ ُ ‫ن‬

● Charts from reference sheet: