CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW OF PROJECT

An emergency is a deviation from planned or expected behavior or a course

of event that endangers or adversely affects people, property, or the
environment. This project reports a complete research work in accident
(automobile) emergency alert situation. The idea of the project is to design
an android application to report automatically via notification to the nearest
agencies such as police station, hospitals registered to the system, giving the
exact position of the point where the crash had occurred. This will allow
early response and rescue of accident victims, saving lives and properties.
The project reports its experimental results, gives appropriate conclusions
and recommendations. The project is having a mobile application and web
part. The application reports the occurrence of accident to the nearest
hospitals and police station of that location registered with this system. The
application is also having a provision to list the details of the person owning
that account which include personnel as well as health details of that person.
The alert system is sent to nearest hospitals via notification.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT

Developing a completely independent, self-sustained system.

No additional processor or external units essential here.
Training mode is offered in device so that it fits every user and thus
accuracy
is increased.
 It is inexpensive, easy to use and can be quickly shared.

1.3 TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGIES

The project titled accident alert is designed using android SDK(Software

Development Kit) and Eclipse IDE(Integrated Development Environment).
ADT(Android Development Tools) plug-in is used to integrate Android
ADK to Eclipse. The tools and languages used in this project are explained
in the following sections.

1.3.1 ANDROID

Android is a linux-based system operating system for mobile devices such as

smartphones and tablet computer. It is developed by the open Handset
Alliance led by Google.
Google purchased the initial developer of the software, Android Inc., in
2005. The unveiling of the Android distribution in 2007 was announced with
the founding of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 86 hardware,
software and telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open
standards for mobile devices. Google releases the Android code as open-
source, under the Apache License. The Android Open Source Project
(AOSP) is tasked with the maintenance and further development of Android.
Android was listed as the best-selling smartphone platform worldwide.

1.3.1.1FOUNDATION

Android, Inc. was founded in palo Alto, California, United States in

October, 2003 by Andy Rubin (co-founder of Danger), Rich Miner (co-
founder of Wildfire Communication, Inc), Nick Sears(once VP at T-
Mobile),and Chris White(headed design and interface development at
WebTV).
 FIGURE1.1: ANDROID ARCHITECTURE

1.3.2AN OVERVIEW OF ANDROID OPENCV MANAGER

OpenCVManager is an Android service targeted to manage OpenCV library

binaries on end users devices. It allows sharing the OpenCV dynamic
libraries between applications on the same device. It is free for commercial
and research use under a BSD license. The Manager provides the following
benefits:

 Less memory usage : All apps use the same binaries from service and
do notkeep native libraries inside themselves.
 Hardware specific optimizations for all supported platforms.
 Regular updates and bug fixes.

1.3.1.2USAGE MODEL FOR END USER

First OpenCV app:

 At the first launch, it suggests installation of OpenCV.
Then OpenCV Manager is downloaded and installed, using the Google
Play Application.
When Manager has been started, the application suggests installation
ofOpenCVlibrary for the target device architecture if it is necessary.
After the installation is finished, the app may be launched.

1.3.2.1ARCHITECTURE OF OPENCV MANAGER

FIGURE1.2: OPENCV MANAGERARCHITECTURE

1.3.2.3 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

OpenCVis written in C++ and its primary interface is in C++, but it still
retains ales comprehensive though extensive older C interface. There are
bindings in Python, Java and MATLAB/OCTAVE. All of the new
developments and algorithms in OpenCV are now developed in the C++
interface.
1.3.3ECLIPSE IDE
In computer programming, Eclipse is an Integrated Development
Environment(IDE). It contains a base workspace and an extensible plug-in
system for customizing the environment. Eclipse is written mostlyin Java
and its primary use is for developing Java application, but it may also be
used to develop applications in other programming languages through the
use of plug-ins. Users can extend its abilities by installing plug-ins written
for the Eclipse platform, such as development toolkits for other
programming languages, and can write and contribute their own plug-in
modules.
Released underthe terms of Eclipse Public License, Eclipse SDK is free and
open-source software.

1.3.4ECLIPSE ADT (Android Development Tools)

Android Development Tool (ADT) is a Google-provided plugin for the
Eclipse IDE that is designed to provide an integrated environment in which
to build Android applications. ADT extends the capabilities of Eclipse to let
developers set up new Android projects, create an application UI, add
packages based on the Android Framework API, debug their applications
using the Android SDK tools, and export signed (or unsigned) .apk files in
order to distribute their applications. It is free download. It was the official
IDE for Android but was replaced by Android Studio (based on IntelliJ
IDEA Community Edition).

1.3.5ANDROID SDK (Software Development Kit)

A Software Development Kit that enables developers to create applications

for the Android platform. The Android SDK includes sample projects with
source code, development tools, an emulator, and required libraries to build
Android applications. Applications are written using the Java programming
language and run on Dalvik, a custom virtual machine designed for
embedded use which runs on top of a Linux kernel.

1.3.6 ANDROID AVD (Android Virtual Device)

An Android Virtual Device (AVD) is a device configuration that is run with

the Android emulator. It works with the emulator to provide a virtual device-
specific environment in which to install and run Android apps.

The Android SDK provides the AVD Manager tool for creating and
otherwise managing AVDs. You can run this tool directly or run SDK
Manager and select Manager AVDs from the Tools menu. In either you are
greeted with the Android Virtual Device Manager.

1.4CONCLUSION

The above mentioned tools and languages are used to develop the “Accident
Alert”. A detailed analysis and study of the existing systems was conducted
and its review is provided in the following chapter.
 CHAPTER 2

LITERTURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION

The main objective of the project is to aid an emergency. The systems

detects a crash in, built accelerometer and places a message to let you know
it’s about to call for help. You can cancel the alert if needed otherwise the
upload crash details to automatic emergency call center. An agent calls your
phone to confirm that you need assistance then request help from local
authorities. They can stay online with you still the help arrives. Agent also
can call the loved once to let them know help in on the way.In the existing
system,the victim has manually press the sensor. This system is provided
only in few states in the US. The live system is just an app; hence if the
victim isn’t carrying his mobile, this is of no help. If phone is damaged, help
cannot be reached. The victim is required to confirm the assistance needed
which is not practical incase he is seriously injured. This exists only in the
higher profile cars. The existing system is automatic if at all the accident is
not severe, then the victim cannot stop the siren or prevent the notification
from sending to dear once. Another one is a DTMF dialer is connected to the
microcontroller. Abasic telephone unit is interfaced to the DTMF dialer chip
that sends call to the predefined mobile or emergency number and informs
about this accident.
2.2 SURVEY

The systems detect a crash, built in accelerometer and places a message to

let you know it’s about to call for help. You can cancel the alert if needed
otherwise the app uploads crash details to automatic emergency call center.
An agent calls your phone to confirm that you need assistance then request
help from local authorities. There are some points which are not visible from
drivers seat, these are called blindpoints. Sometime, or vehicles very near to
truck got accident. This problem is called blind spot.

2.2.1 ACCIDENT ALERT USING GPS TECHNOLOGY

ANDAUTOMATIC

TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL FORAMBULANCE

ASHWIN PREM, BIBI MOHAN, DHANOJ M

In this project, the main cause of death due to road accident is not because of
the effect of the accident on the person but because of the lack of care and
sudden action after the event. Accident detector is a device which is meant
to detect the presence of accident or shake over a limit that may occur to a
vehicle during its motion. The system is used mainly a micro controller
based system in which the functioning of all the components is controlled by
a microcontroller. Here an accelerometer sensors the change in acceleration
caused by the shake or tilt. The detection of accident is done by the
microcontroller after checking the output of accelerometer. When the
accident is detected, the location is decoded from the output of a GPS
module and the data is send as a message to an emergency call center by
using a GSM module.

2.2.1.1 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

In the modern world the rate of accidents are increasing day by day. Most of
the accident deaths are caused due to ignorance and lack of sufficient
remedial measures and timely action. All these facts points to an efficient
accidentmonitoring andvehicle tracking systems. Simply the system works
on the basic principle by which the variation of acceleration of the vehicle
due to accident is detected. With the help of special devices accident is
detected and the message is send towards responsible authorities and proper
action can be taken by them. The primary andforemostcomponent that detect
the occurrence of the accident is the accelerometer. A microcontroller
Atmega328 controls the working of the whole components in the system.
The output of the accelerometer operates an alarm for a particular time
interval as provided in the program.

2.2.1.2 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM MODULE

GPS mainly consists of an array of satellites orbiting the earth at a particular

orbit. It uses radio waves for the communication. A GPS receiver calculates
the position. Google Earth and Google Maps will not display the raw GPS
output coordinate. It is having extremely high sensitivity and high accuracy.
GPS is used in vehicle for both tracking and navigation. Tracking systems
enable a base station to keep track of the vehicles without the intervention of
the driver where, as navigation system helps the driver to reach the
destination. When an accident occurred in any place then GPS system tracks
the position of the vehicle and sends the information to the particular person
through GSM by alerting the person through SMS or by a call.

2.2.1.3 SIM900

SIM900 is a quad-band GSM/GPRS engine that works on frequencies. The

keypad and SPI display interface will give the flexibility to develop
customized applications. Serial port and Debug port can help easily develop
the applications. It has low power consumption. The physical interface to the
mobile application is a 68-pin SMT pad, which provides all hardware
interfaces between the module and customers boards.The Sim900 is
integrated with the TCP/IP protocol.The extended TCP/IP AT commandare
developed for customers to use the TCP/IP protocol easily, which is very
useful for those data transfer application.

2.2.1.4 ADVANTAGES

Efficient monitoring of accident.

Fast communication.
Fast tracking of vehicle.

2.2.2 AUTOMATIC VEHICLE ACCIDENT DETECTION AND

MESSAGING

SYSTEM USING GSM AND GPS MODEM

R ANITHA, C PRABHA,R SUNITHA

The high demand of automobile has also increased the traffic and the road
accident. Life of the people is under high risk. This is because of the lack of
best emergency facilities available in our country. An automatic alarm
device for vehicle accident is introduced in this paper. The alert message is
sent to the rescue team in a short time, which will help in saving the valuable
lives. When the accident occurs the alert message is sent automatically to the
rescue team and to the police station. The message is sent through the GSM
module and the location of the accident is detected with the help of the GPS
module. The accident can be detected precisely with the help of both Micro
Electro Mechanical System(MEMS) sensor and vibration sensor. This
application provides the optimum solution to poor emergency facilities
provided to the road accidents in the most feasible way.
2.2.2.1 METHODOLOGY

The prototype model of anautomatic vehicle accident detection and

messaging using GSM and GPS modem using ARM7 working will be made
in the following steps:

 Complete layout of the whole set up will be drawn in form of a block

diagram.
 A piezoelectric sensor will first sense the occurrence of an accident
and give itsoutput to the microcontroller.
 The GPS detects the latitude and longitudinal position of a vehicle.
 The latitudes and longitude position of the vehicle is sent as message
through theGSM.
 The phone number is pre-saved in the EEPROM.
 Whenever an accident has occurred the position is detected and
amessage has beensent to the pre-saved number.

2.2.2.2 GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION

GSM is used as a media which is used to control and monitor the

transformer load from anywhere by sending a message. It has its own
deterministic character. It is consider as highly efficient communication
through the mobile which will be useful in industrial controls, automobile,
and application which would be controlled from anywhere else. It is also
highly economic and less expensive. A GSM network is composed of
several functional entities, whose function and interface are specified. The
GSM network can be divided into three broad parts, the Mobile Station is
carried by the subscriber. The Base Station Subsystem controls the radio link
with Mobile Station. The Network Subsystem, the main part of which is the
Mobile service Switching Center (MSC), performs the switching of calls
between the mobile users, and between mobile and fixed network users.
2.2.2.3 ARM7 TDMI:

The ARM7TDMI-S is a general purpose 32-bit microprocessor, which offers

high performance and very low power consumption. The ARM architecture
is based on Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) principles, and the
instruction set and related decode mechanism are much simpler than those of
micro programmed Complex Instruction Set Computers (CISC). This
simplicity result in a high instruction throughout and impressive real-time
interrupt response from a small and cost-effective processor core. One
instruction is being executed, its successor is decoded and a third instruction
is being fetched from memory. A unique architectural strategy known as
Thumb. The key idea behind Thumb is that of a super-reduced instruction
set.

2.2.2.4 SENSOR

A piezoelectric sensor is used as accident detection sensor. A piezoelectric

transducer has very high DC output impedance and can be modeled as a
proportional voltage source and filter network. The voltage V at the source
is directly proportional to the applied force, pressure, or strain. The output
signal is then related to this mechanical force as if it had passed through the
equivalent circuit.

2.2.2.5 MAX232

It is a dual driver/receiver that includes a capacitive voltage generator to

supply TIA/EIA-232-F voltage levels from a single 5-V supply. Each
receiver converts TIA/EIA-232-F inputs to 5-V TTL/CMOS levels. These
receivers have a typical threshold of 1.3 V, typical hysteresis of 0.5 V, and
can accept + or – 30-V inputs. Each driver converts TTL/CMOS input levels
into TIA/EIA-232-F levels.
2.2.2.6 EEPROM

24C04 EEPROM is used in this project. This EEPROM stores the mobile
numbers entered by user for receiving accident alert SMS. The data stored in
the EEPROM will retain even the power is off for long time.

2.2.2.7 CONTRAST CONTROL

It is a simple variable resistor (preset) with linear characteristics. This is

used to adjust the contrast of the display.

2.2.2.8 RESET

Reset control circuit is used to reset the microcontroller at any stage of work.
This section also comprises of auto power on reset. If the reset switch is
pressed, the microcontroller restarts and the function will start from the
beginning. This circuit is connected to 9th pin of microcontroller.

2.2.2.9 CRYSTAL

A crystal is used to supply clock frequency to the microcontroller. The clock

frequency is 11.0592MHz. 11.0592 MHz crystal are often used because it
can be divided to give you exact clock rates for most of the common baud
rates for the UART, especially for the higher speeds.

ADVANTAGES

 Easy to operate
 Sophisticated security
 Simple and Reliable Design
 Isolate both GSM and GPS signal

LIMITATIONS

It does not work without network

APPLICATIONS

 Stolen Vehicle Recovery: Both consumer and commercial vehicles

can be outfitted with RF or GPS units to allow police to do tracking
and recovery. In the case of LoJack, the police can activate the
tracking unit in the vehicle directly and follow tracking signals.
 Fleet Management: When managing a fleet of vehicles, knowing the
real-time location of all drivers allows management to meet customer
needs more efficiency.
 Asset Tracking: Companies needing to track valuable assets for
insurance or other monitoring purpose can now plot the real-time asset
location on a map and closely monitor movement and operating
status.
 Field Sales: mobiles sales professionals can access real-time
locations.
 Transit Tracking: This is the temporary tracking of assets or cargoes
from one point to another. Users will ensure that the assets do not stop
on route or do a U-Turn in order to ensure the security of the assets.

2.2.3 ACCIDENT ALERT AND VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM

IMRAN BHOLE, KIRAQN SAWANT, YOGESH THORAT

The high demand of vehicle has also increased the traffic hazards and road
accidents. Life of the people is under high risk. This is because of the lack of
best emergency facilities available in our country. An automatic alert system
for vehicle accidents is introduced in this paper. The proposed system which
can detect accidents in significantly less time and sends the basic
information to first aid centre within a few seconds covering geographical
coordinates, the time and angle in which a vehicle accident had occurred.
This alert message is sent to the central emergency dispatch server in a short
time so that the emergency dispatch server will inform to the ambulances.
The message is sent through the GSM module and the location of the
accident is detected with the help of the GPS module. This application
provides the optimum solution to poor emergency facilities provided to the
roads accidents in the most feasible way.

2.2.3.1PROPOSED ALGORITHM

PSEUDO ALGORITHM:
Initialization:
1.Lastlon=0, LastLat=0,LastAlt=0,DistTh=0
2.Get new GPS data:
{Lon, Lat, alt, Speed, hdhop, status}
3.AddNewPoint (GPS data)
4.Go to step 2

DISPLAY LOCATION ON MAP:

1. Initialize latitude, longitude to zero

2. Initialize marker to null
3. If location is retrieved from server i.e. location = found
4. Then show location on Google map API,else
5. Fetch location from server
6. Whenever accident of the vehicle is occurred then the device sends
message

togiven mobile Device.

MESSAGE FOR ACCIDENT

 “Accident alert
 Latitude :2400.0090, N
 Longitude :12100.0000, E
  Time : 12:00”
 This system shows the location of the vehicle on the LCD connected
to it also just to make sure the working condition of the
microcontroller.

2.2.3.2 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION

The Accident and Tracking System is the system which track vehicle current
location using Global Positioning System (GPS).This product gives the live
updates of accidental vehicle with their location details. It ensures the
vehicle which has got accident to send location details to web server located
at emergency ambulance center further that location of accidental vehicle
send to nearby ambulance as well as display it on map.

2.2.3.4 METHADOLOGY

This system is a prototype model of Accident Alert and Vehicle Tracking

system using GSM and GPS modem and Raspberry Pi working will be made
in the following steps:

 A piezoelectric sensor will first sense the occurrence of an accident

its o its output to the microcontroller.
 The GPS detects the latitude and longitudinal position of a vehicle.
 The latitudes and longitude position of the vehicle is sent as message
throughthe GSM.
 The static IP address of the central emergency dispatch server is pre-
savedin the EEPROM.
 Whenever an accident has occurred the position is detected and a
message has been sent to the pre-saved static IP address.

2.2.3.5 SYSTEM WORKING:-

 This system takes input from GPS and which goes into rs232. This
Rs232. Sends data into max232 and it converts the data format and sends it
to the Rx(receiver pin) of microcontroller and this microcontroller stores this
data in USART buffer and the data stored is sent again through Tx pin into
max232 this max 232 sends the data into GSM via rs232. This is how
vehicle tracking works using GSM and GPS. The LCDinterfaced to the
microcontroller also shows the display of the coordinates. This LCD display
is only used to know the working condition of the vehicle tracking system.

2.2.4 AUTOMATIC VEHICLE ACCIDENT DETECTION AND

TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM

SACHIN M S, PRASANNA P

2.2.4.1 SYSTEM WORKING PRICIPLE

This paper describes regarding the automatic vehicle accident detection and
traffic control system using GSM and GPS technology. In this project
LPC2129 microcontroller is used. Once the system is switched on the power
is supplied to the system and it will be indicated on the LED display. The
GPS module receive the situation of the vehicle that met with an accident
and provides the information to the system. This information will be sent to
the registered mobile number through message. These messages are received
by the GSM module which is present in the detection system. The received
message provides the information of the longitude and latitude values which
help in tracking the position of the vehicle.

In this system the vehicle can be tracked by the authorized person through
GPS technology. All the information will be sent to GSM module through
longitude and latitude values.

2.2.4.2 CRASH SENSORS

The crash sensors should be ready to notice a collision and convert it into
corresponding signals to intervals a matter of milliseconds. The fast force
engaged on the sensors straight of, when a collision will be as high as one
hundred g. The sensor’s style permits them to live this acceleration and realy
it to the management unit as usable information.

2.2.4.3 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

Global Positioning System may be a satellite based navigation system

created of a network of twenty four satellites placed into or-bit by the U.S
Department of Defense. GPS works in any climatic conditions in any place
with in the world, twenty four hours on a daily basis. Distance=speed* Time
here speed of the GPS signal is that the speed of sunshine, more or less three
hundred Km/s.

FUNCTION OF GPS

The Global Positioning System satellites transmit signals to instrumentality

on the bottom. GPS receivers passively receive satellite signals; they are
doing not transmit. GPS operation depend upon a really correct time
reference that is provided by automatic clocks on board. Each GPS satellite
transmit knowledge that indicates it location and also the current time

ACCURANCY OF GPS

The accurancy of a grip determined with GPS depends on the kind of

receiver.Most hand-held GPS units have regarding 10-20 meter accurancy.
Observation created by the roving unit, manufacturing associative accurancy
larger than one meter.

2.2.4.4 GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION

GSM could be a digital mobile phone system that’s wide employed in
Europe and different elements of the planet. GSM digitize and compresses
information then sends it down a channel with 2 different streams of users
information, every in its own interval.

HISTORY OF GSM

GSM may be cellular network which suggests that mobile phone connect
with of by checking out cell with in the immediate neighborhood. Time
division multiplexing is employed to permit eight full-rate or sixteen half-
rate speech channels per frequency channel.

SERVICE PROVIDED BY GSM

From the start the planners of GSM wished ISDN compatibility in terms of
the services and management signaling used. Other information service
embrace cluster three facsimile, as delicate in ITU-T recommendation T-30,
which is supported by use of associate degree acceptable fan device.
Messages area units transport in an exceedingly store and forward fashion.

CHAPTER 3
 ACCIDENT ALERT

3.1 INTRODUCTION

The system is developed mainly for an emergency. An emergency is a

deviation from planned or expected behavior or a course of event that
endangers or adversely affects people, property, or the environment. This
projects reports a complete research work in accident (automobile)
emergency alert situation. The idea of the project is to design an android
application to report automatically via notification to the nearest agencies
such as police posts, hospitals registered to this system, giving the exact
position of the point where the crash had occurred. This will allow early
response and rescue of accident victims; saving lives and properties. The
projects reports its experimental results, gives appropriate conclusions and
recommendations.

The project is having a mobile application and web part. The application
reports the occurrence of accident to nearest hospitals and police station of
that location registered with this system .The application is also having a
provision to list the details of the person owning that account which includes
personal as well as health details of that person. The alert is sent to nearest
hospitals via notification. The message will be send to the control center
using a GSM module and the message is decoded and the location of the
vehicle is located using GPS system with the help of Google map.

3.2 MODULES OF THE SYSTEM

The system include mainly two modules,

They are:
 1.USER

2.ADMIN

3.2.1USER

3.2.1.1 REGISTRATION

3.2.1.2 AUTHENTICATION

3.2.1.3ALERT MANAGEMENT

3.2.1.4PROFILE MANAGEMENT

3.2.1.5VIEW HOSPITAL

3.2.1.6VIEW POLICE

3.2.1.1REGISTRATION

The user has to register in the portal to get the facilities provided to them.
The user has to provided their details including name,email, date of birth,
address details, contact number, blood group. Only a registered user can
available the facilities of the online portal.

3.2.1.2 AUTHENTICATION

The registered userneedto provide their username and password to login to

the portal to access their panel through which they can use the facilities
provided by the portal. The user can update their security credentials only
after a successful authentication which requirethe current password of the
open account.

3.2.1.3 ALERT MANAGEMENT

The authenticated user can login to the application and if he/she will see an
accident they can press the alert button in the application. Then an alert
message will send to the nearest police station.

3.2.1.4 PROFILE MANAGEMENT

The user can view their profile through this application by clicking the
button view profile. He/she can update their profile if there is any change in
contact number or address given in the portal by the update profile
provision. And also user can change their security password from this
application.

3.2.1.5 VIEW HOSPITAL

The user can view the details of all the hospital and the nearest once when
clicking the button in the bottom of the home page. When clicking the
nearest hospital button the user can see the nearest hospital if there is any
casualty.

3.2.1.6 VIEW POLICE STATION

The user can view the details of all the police station and the nearest once
when clicking the button in the bottom of the home page. When clicking the
nearest police station button the user can see the nearest hospital if there is
any casualty.

3.2.2ADMIN

The admin part of this application is a website. In this module, the admin
can control the application.

3.2.2.1 LOGIN

3.2.2.2 MANAGE POLICE STATION

3.2.2.3 MANAGE HOSPITALS

3.2.2.1LOGIN

In this, a single admin is there. Admin can login with their credentials like
username and password. Once the admin can login to the website with
correct username and password, he can.

3.2.2.2 MANGE POLICE STATION

The admin can add police station with their email id, in charge, contact
number, registration number and location. After than he can view the added
Police station and also an editor update the added details. He can also
terminate the added police station.

3.2.2.3MANAGE HOSPITALS

The admin can add Hospitals with their hospital name, email id, fax, contact
number, registration number, type of the hospital and location. After than he
can view the added hospital and also can edit or update the added details. He
can also terminate the added hospital.

3.3 SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

3.3.1 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION

Operating system : Windows XP/7/8/10

Processor : Pentium IV

Hard Disk : 40GB

RAM : 2GB

Programming Language : PHP, Android

 Development Kit : Android SDK

IDE/Workbench : Eclipse

Plugin : ADT

Supporting library : OpenCV, Android ADK

3.3.2 HARDWARE SPECIFICATION

OS : Android OS, v4.2.2(jelly), upgradable to

v5.0.1(Lollipop)
CPU : Quad-core 1.6GHz Cortex-A15
Quad-core 1.2GHz Cortex-A7
MEMORY
Card Slot : microSD,upto 64GB
Internal : 16/32/64 GB,2 GB RAM

3.4HAVERSINE FORMULA

The Haversineformula determines the great-circle distance between

two pints on a sphere given their longitudes and latitudes. Important in
navigation, it is a special case of a more general formula in spherical
trigonometry, the law of haversines,that relates the sides and angles of
spherical triangles.

For any two points on a sphere, the haversine of the central angle
between them is given by

hav(d/r)=hav(φ 2-φ 1)+cos(φ 1)cos(φ 2)hav( λ 2-λ1)

Where,

hav is the haversine function:

 θ
()
hav(θ ¿=sin2 2 =(1−cosθ)/2

d is the distance between the two points.

r is the radius of the sphere.

φ 2,φ 1: latitude of point1 and latitude of point2, in radians.

λ 2,λ1: longitude of point1 and longitude of point2, in radians

On the left side of the equals sign d/r is the central angle, assuming angles
are measured in radians.

Solve ‘d’ by applying the inverse haversine or by using the arcsine function:

d = rhav-1(h)=2rarcsin(√ h)

where h is hav(d/r),or more explicity:

d = 2rarc sin((√ hav (φ 2-φ 1)+cos(φ 1)cos(φ 2)hav ( λ 2-λ1))

3.5 SYSTEM DESIGN

3.5.1DATAFLOW DIAGRAM

When user click the “Login” button system prepare and ask the detail of
user. All the data are stored in database.
FIGURE 3.1: DATAFLOW DIAGRAM-ACCIDENT ALERT

3.5.2USECASE DIAGRAM
 FIGURE3.2: USECASE DIAGRAM –ACCIDENT ALERT

3.5.3 OUTPUT DESIGN

Output design generally refers to the results and information that are
generated by the system for many end-users, output is the main reason
for developing the system and the basis on which they evaluate the
usefulness of the application.

3.6 SYSTEM TESTING

3.6.1 UNIT TESTING:

Unit testing verification efforts on the smallest unit of software design,
module. This is known as” Module Testing”. The modules are tested
separately. This testing is carried out during programming stage itself. In
these testing steps, each module is found to be working satisfactorily as
regard to the expected output from the module.

3.6.2 INTEGRATION TESTING:

Integration testing is a systematic technique for constructing tests to uncover

error associated within the interface. In the thesis, all the modules are
combined and then the entire program is tested as a whole. In the integration
testing step, all the error uncovered is corrected for the next testing steps.

3.6.3 VALIDATION TESTING:

Validation testing is where requirements established as a part of software

requirement analysis is validated against the software that has been
constructed. This test provides the final assurance that the software meets all
functional, behavioural and performance requirements. The errors which
were not uncovered during integration testing, are found out and corrected
during this phase.

3.7 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

Implementation is the stage in the thesis where the theoretical design is

turned into a working system. The most crucial stage is achieving a
successful new system and giving the user confidence in that the new system
will work efficiently and effectively in the implementation state.

The stage consists of

Testing the developed program with simple data.

Detection and correction of error.
 Creating whether the system meets user requirements.
Testing whether the system.
Making necessary changes as desired by the user.
Training user personnel.

3.7.1 IMPLEMENTATION PROCEDURES

The implementation phase is less creative than system design. A system
thesis may be dropped at any time prior to implementation, although it
becomes more difficult when it goes to the design phase. The final report to
the implementation phase includes procedural flowcharts, record layouts,
report an operational one. Conversion is one aspect of implementation.
Several procedures of documents are unique to the conversion phase.

3.7.1.1 USER TRAINING

User training is designed to prepare the user for testing and converting the
system. There are several ways to train the user. They are
1)User Manual.
2)Help Screens.
3)Training Demonstration.
User Manual:

The summary of important functions about the system and software can be
provided as a document to the user.

Help Screens:

This features are now available in every software package, especially when
it is used with a menu. The user selects the “Help” option from the menu.
The system accesses the necessary description or information for user
reference.
Training Demonstration:

Another User Training element is a Training Demonstration. Live

demonstrations with personal contact are extremely effective for Training
Users.

3.7.1.2 OPERATIONAL DOCUMENTATION

Documentation means of communication: it establishes design and

performance criteria for phases of the thesis. Documentation is descriptive
information that portrays the use and / or operation of the system.

(i)Documentation Tools
Document production and desktop publishing tool support nearly every
aspect of software developers. Most software development organizations
spend a substantial amount of time developing documents, and in many
cases the documentation process itself is quite inefficient. It is not use
unusual for a software development effort on documentation. For this
reason, documentation tools provide an important opportunity to improve
productivity.
(ii)Document Restructuring
Creating document is far too time consuming if the system works, we’ll live
with what we have. In some case, this is the correct approach. It is not
possible to recreate document for hundreds of computer programs.
Documentation must be updated, but we have limited resources. It may not
be necessary to fully re-document an application. Rather, those portions of
the system that are currently undergoing change are fully documented.
The system is business critical and must be fully re-documented even in this
case, an intelligent approach is to pare documentation to an essential
minimum.
3.8 SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
Maintenance is actually the implementation of the review plan. As important
as it is, many programmers and analysts are to perform or identify
themselves with the maintenance effort. There are psychological, personality
and professional reasons for this. Analysts and programmers spend far more
time maintaining programs than they do writing them. Maintenance accounts
for 50-80 percent of total system development.
Maintenance is expensive. One way to reduce the maintenance costs are
through maintenance management and software modification audits.
Maintenance is not as rewarding as exciting as developing systems. It is
perceived as requiring neither skill not experience.
Users are not fully cognizant of the maintenance problems `or its high
cost.
Few tools and techniques are available for maintenance.
A good test plan is lacking.
Standards, procedures, and guidelines are poorly defined and enforced.
Programs are often maintained without care for structure and
documentation.
There are minimal standards for maintenance.

3.9 EXISTING SYSTEM

There are various proposed projects and alive system in US only.

The systems detects a crash, built in accelerometer and places a message
to let youknow it’s about to call for help.
Agents also can call the loved ones to let them know help is on the way.
The victim has to manually press the sensor.
This system exists only in the higher profile cars.
 The existing alert system projects include notification only to dear ones
and the owner of the vehicle, but not to the emergency stations.

3.10 PROPOSED SYSTEM

 To report automatically via notification to the nearest agencies

such as police station,hospitals registered to this system, giving the
exact position of the point where the crash had occurred.
 Allow early response and rescue of accident victims, saving lives
and properties.
 The application reports the occurrence of accident to nearest
hospitals and police station of that location registered with this
system.
 The application is also having a provision to list details of the
person owning that account which includes personnel as well as
health details of that person.
 The alert is sent to nearest hospitals via notification.

3.11 CONCLUSION

Thus the project components were studied and analysed on the basis of
which a detailed system design was prepared. The system has undergone
various testing and final product was implemented. The results and related
discussions are given in the following chapter.
 CHAPTER 4

RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1 INTRODUCTION

To show the results, several tests were conducted in different lighting

conditions and different User for receiving notifications. When the accident
will occurred, then the system will direct send the accident alert message
along with location details of the accidental place to emergency dispatch
sever it will send that message to the nearby hospital so that it will go to
that location. The registered user updates their security credentials only after
a successful authentication which require the current password of the open
document. The authenticated user can login to the application and if he/she
will see an accident they can press the alert button in the application. Then
alert message will send to the nearest police station. By using this
application we can decrease the mortality rate which is lead by accident. The
snapshot from the application are shown below.
4.2 SNAPSHOTS
 FIGURE4.1:APPLICATION LOGO

The above figure is the logo of accident alert app. In this the EHS
stands for Emergency Hospital System.
 FIGURE4.2:OPTION PAGE

In this figure user can current user can be able to login or the user can
create the new account in the application.
 FIGURE4.3: USER DETAIL

In user detail figure the user can give all the detail. If he has given all
the detail in this page he/she can able to login in the account.
 FIGURE4.4:APP OPTIONS

This figure shows detail of nearest hospital and police station and also all the
police station and hospitals in the particular location.
 FIGURE 4.5: SEARCHING FOR HOSPITAL AND POLICE
STATION

For searching the police station and hospital, we should enter the place
and then we click the done button.
 FIGURE 4.6: LOGOUT PAGE

This page help user to update the profile, he/she can change the
password. Logout can be done in this page.
 CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

5.1 CONCLUSION

It is concluded that the application works well and satisfy the users. The
application is tested very well and errors are properly debugged. In
summary, the Accident alert system can track geographical information
automatically and sends an alert message regarding accident. Experimental
work has been carried out carefully. The result shows that higher sensitivity
and accuracy.

5.2 SCOPE FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT

Every application has its own merits and demerits. The thesis has covered
almost all requirements. Further requirements and improvements can easily
be done since the coding is mainly structured or modules in nature.
Changing the existing modules or adding new modules can append
improvements.

Accident Alert system will allow early response and rescue of accident
victims saving lives and properties. The application is also having a
provision as well as health details of that person. The alert is sent to nearest
hospitals and police station via notification.
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