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5-Disc Brake - Types and Constructional Details, Relative Advantages and Dis
5-Disc Brake - Types and Constructional Details, Relative Advantages and Dis
Topics to be covered:
2. The braking should not be affected by water, heat and dust etc.
4. The wear and tear on the material of the brake lining should be
minimum for longer life.
Design requirements – contd..
• The brake system capable of dissipating heat generated quickly
• Less weight
stopped from 100 kmph to 0 kmph in not more than 6sec then brakes
must do the same amount of work as engine did but in one tenth of the
time. This means brakes must develop 1000 hp to stop the vehicle.
If the speed of the vehicle is doubled then braking force must be four
times.
is depending upon
— Vehicle speed
RF + RR = W cos θ (1)
RF = W.x.cos θ / (b - μ h)
RR = W (b-x- μ h) cos θ / (b - μ h)
(b) Brakes applied on rear wheels only
RF + RR = W cos θ (1)
RR = W (b-x) cos θ / (b + μ h)
(c) Brakes applied on all the wheels
RF + RR = W cos θ (1)
(2) Determine the braking efficiency of a vehicle if the brakes bring the
vehicle to rest from 60 km/h in a distance of 20 m
Numerical Problems – contd..
(4) A car whose wheel base is equal to five times the height of its centre of
gravity above the ground is moving on a horizontal road when the brakes are
applied. If the coefficient of friction of limiting friction between the car
tyres and the road is 0.5, determine the percentage of weight transferred
from the rear to the front axle, on braking.
(5) The wheel base of a vehicle travelling on a wet road sloping downwards at
angle θ = sin-1 (0.1) is 5 m. Its centre of gravity is 2 m ahead of the rear
axle and 750 mm above the road. The coefficient of adhesion between the
vehicle tyres and the road is 0.3. The vehicle employs brakes on all the four
wheels. Determine
(a) ratio of braking forces on front and rear wheels if skidding is to be
avoided.
(b) stopping distance for the vehicle travelling at a speed of 45 km/hr when
the engine is stopped and the brakes are applied.
Drum and Disc Brakes
• Disc brakes are found on almost all vehicles now.
• Older cars and trucks had a combination of disc and drum brakes.
• At one time vehicles came with drum brakes only (1970 and older)
Drum Brakes
• The shoes are surfaced with frictional linings, which contact the
inside of the drum when the brakes are applied.
• The shoes are forced outward by pistons located inside the wheel
cylinder.
Drum brakes and their actuating
mechanism
Adjusting Screw
Wheel Cylinder
Drum
Several schemes of operation of the drum brake, in black is
highlighted the distribution force during the braking phase.
Disc Brakes
• Disc brakes found on front of most vehicles as well as at rear of
four wheel disc brakes vehicles.
• Caliper squeezes the pads against the disc, when the brakes are
applied
• Disc brakes work much better then the drum brakes, as they
cool better and apply more pressure.
CHOICES
• Metallic (last longer, but bad for rotor)
• Semi-metallic
• Ceramic
Construction of Disc Brake
Disc brake parts
Types of Disc Brake
• Fixed caliper type
– Swinging caliper
– Sliding caliper
Types of brake discs
Brake linings
All cars use disc brakes for the front wheels, but many cars still use
drum brakes in the rear. Braking causes the car's weight to shift
forward, and as a result about 70% of the work is done by the front
brakes. (That's why your front brakes tend to wear out faster.) By
fitting disc brakes to the front wheels and drum brakes to the rear
wheels, manufacturers can provide most of the benefits of disc
brakes while lowering costs. (Drum brakes are less expensive to
make than disc brakes, largely because they can also double as a
parking brake, whereas disc brakes require a separate parking brake
mechanism.) Even so, a car with four-wheel disc brakes (versus
front disc/rear drum) will still provide superior braking performance
in wet weather and on long downgrades.
Advantages of disc brakes over drum brakes
• Uniform wear on brake linings in disc brakes as they are not curved.
• Disc brakes weigh 20% less than their corresponding drum brake
counterparts.
Parking brakes are part of the rear brakes and are operated
mechanically with the help of a lever and cables.