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5-Measure of Dispersion
5-Measure of Dispersion
In this lesson, we will discuss another type of measure, which will enable to
know more about the shape` or the spread of the distribution ( whether the group is
homogeneous or heterogeneous in terms of some aspects).This measures are
called measure of dispersion.
A. The Range
Range, R is the distance between the highest and the lowest values in a
distribution. It is somehow most useful to gain a quick and general idea of variability
for big distribution of scores.
1. Inclusive Range are using discrete data. It is the difference between the
highest and lowest value in the distribution data.
2. Exclusive Range are using the continuous data. It is the difference between
the upper limit of the highest value and the lower limit of the lowest value in
the distribution.
Note : The greater the range, the more heterogeneous is the group and the more
spread is the distribution.
Illustration:
From the given distribution, Compute inclusive and exclusive range.
80 90 85 71 76 80 87 98 77 84 87 86
Inclusive Range:
R = HV - LV
= 98 - 71
= 27
Exclusive Range:
R = UL - LL
= 98.5 - 70.5
= 28
B. Quartile Deviation
QD = Q3 – Q2 / 2
Interquartile Range
IR = Q3 - Q1
Average Deviation will increase its value as the distribution becomes more
heterogeneous and the deviations from the mean increase also.
MAD = ∑[ x - x̄]
Example:
x x - x̄ x - x̄
∑= 134 ∑ = 26
x̄ = ∑x = 134 / 6 = 22.33
n
∑ x - x̄
MAD = ------------- = 26 / 6 = 4.33 answer
n
where:
f = frequencies if the distribution
Steps:
∑f [ x - x̄]
MAD = -------------
n
where:
f = frequencies if the distribution
Class Interval f x fx x - x̄ x - x̄ f (x - x̄ )
10 - 14 2 12 24 12 – 23 = - 11 11 22
15 - 19 3 17 51 17 – 23 = - 6 6 18
20 - 24 18 22 396 22 – 23 = - 1 1 18
25 - 29 10 27 270 27 – 23 = 4 4 40
30 - 34 2 32 64 32 – 23 = 9 9 18
∑ = 35 ∑=805 ∑ = 116
x̄ = ∑fx = 805 / 35 = 23
n
∑f [ x - x̄]
MAD = -------------
n
= 116 / 35
MAD = 3.31
S = √ (∑ x - x̄ ) 2
n-1
15 19 20 25 26 29 n = 6 ; ∑x = 134
Solution:
Determine the mean of the given data.
x̄ = ∑x = 134 / 6 = 22.33
n
x x - x̄ (x - x̄ ) 2
∑= 134 ∑ = 135.34
SD = √ (∑ x - x̄ ) 2
n-1
SD = √ ∑ f ( x - x̄ ) 2
n-1
Example:
CI f x fx x - x̄ ( x - x̄ ) 2 f (x - x̄ ) 2
10 - 14 2 12 24 12 – 23 = - 11 121 242
15 - 19 3 17 51 17 – 23 = - 6 36 108
20 - 24 18 22 396 22 – 23 = - 1 1 18
25 - 29 10 27 270 27 – 23 = 4 16 160
30 - 34 2 32 64 32 – 23 = 9 81 162
n = 35 805 690
Solution :
SD = √ ∑ f ( x - x̄ ) 2
n–1
SD = 4.50
E. Variance ( s2 )
s2 = ∑ f ( x - x̄ ) 2
N
S2 = (4.5)2
S2 = 20.25
Exercise 5.
1. From the distribution below, Find: a. QD b. MAD c. s
Class Interval f
25 - 27 8
28 - 30 12
31 - 33 9
34 - 36 16
37 - 39 2
40 - 42 5
42 40 39 45 44 42 44 41 36 47
a. Range
b. Interquartile Range
c. Quartile Deviation
e. Variance
f. Standard Deviation