ETHIO NATIONAL SCHOOL

RD
2020 G.C 3 QUARTER CHEMISTRY LESSON NOTE FOR GRADE 9

 Dear students: - Copy the note and do the given homework on your exercise book!
Subject: ___chemistry _________ Grade & section _______9(A – F) ____
Unit: 4
Main topic: ______stoichiometry _
Sub topic/s: limiting and excess reactants, theoretical, actual of percentage yields
Page range from: 131 to 132
Monday, March 30, 2020

- The reactant that is completely consumed in the reaction is known as the limiting reactants, because
it limits or determines the amount of products that can be formed.
- The reactant that is not completely consumed in the reaction in known as the excess reactants.
Example: How much ammonia is produced if 10gm of H2 reacts with 18gm of N2?
Solution: first 3H2 + N2 2NH3 determine the mole if each reactants
Mole of (n)(H2) = = mole = 1.67mole excess =
28x = 18 x 34
X = 21.5gm
Mole of (n) (N2) = = 0.64 mole limiting

Given assignment only from the text book፡ exercise 4.11, #1, #2, #3, #4, #5

Prepared by Mr. Yohannes W. Attested by Mr. Zeray K. Page 1 of 5

Tuesday, March 31, 2020
Page 134 to 135
Theoretical, actual and percentage yields
- The measured amount of products obtained in any chemical reaction is known as the actual yield.
- The theoretical yield`s the calculated amount of products that would be obtained of the reaction
proceeds completely.
- The actual yield (experimentally determined yield) of a product is usually less than the theoretical
(calculated yield) the percentage yield is the ration of the actual yield to the theoretical yield
multiplied by 100.

Percentage yield = x 100

Given assignment only from the text book፡ take example 10 exercise 4.12 page 134 to 135

Prepared by Mr. Yohannes W. Attested by Mr. Zeray K. Page 2 of 5

Wednesday, April 1, 2020
Oxidation and reduction reaction
- Oxidation is the process in which a substance loses electrons in a chemical reaction,
- Reduction is the process in which a substance gains electrons in a chemical reaction
+ -
Example: 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl
Reduction
Oxidation

2Na + 2e- 2Na+, oxidation

Cl2 + 2e- 2Cl-, reduction

Given assignment only from the text book፡ example page 136 and 137

Prepared by Mr. Yohannes W. Attested by Mr. Zeray K. Page 3 of 5

Thursday, April 2, 2020
Oxidation number or oxidation state
- Oxidation number or oxidation state is the number of electrons that an atom appears to have gained
or lost when it is combined us with other atoms.
- Rules for assigning oxidation numbers
Rule -1: the oxidation number of all elements in Free State is zero. This rule is also applied for diatomic or
poly atomic elements.
Example: the oxidation numbers Na = 0, Cu = 0, Cl2 = 0, O3 = 0.
Rule – 2: The oxidation number of a monoatomic ionic equal to the charge on the ion. Example: Na+ = 1,
Mg2+ = 2, S2- = -2.

Given assignment only from the text book፡ write rule 3 – rule from the text book on page 140.

Prepared by Mr. Yohannes W. Attested by Mr. Zeray K. Page 4 of 5

Friday, April 3, 2020
The oxidation number of oxygen in a compound is usually -2 except in the following cases.
The oxidation no of oxygen in:
i. peroxide is -1 example Na2O2,
ii. Super-oxide is -1/2 example KO2
iii. Oxygen di fluoride is +2 examples OF2
Rule – 4: the oxidation number hydrogen in its entire compound is +1 except in metal hydrides NaH, CaH 2,
AlH3 the oxygen number of hydrogen is -1.
Rule – 5: The sum of oxidation number of all atoms in a neutral compound is zero (0).
Rule – 6: In poly atomic ion, the sum of the oxidation number of the constituent atoms equals the charge
on the ion. SO42- = -2 PO43- = -3
Rule – 7: the oxidation number of group IA is +1 of group IIA +2.

Exercise 4.13
#1, #2, #3

Prepared by Mr. Yohannes W. Attested by Mr. Zeray K. Page 5 of 5