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July 31 - Reading
July 31 - Reading
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Diagnostic Chapter Learning
benefits are gained through a solid grasp of overall concepts. In this way, relevant details
can be classified into their appropriate categories. Therefore, tactics including selectively
highlighting key information in a textbook, taking notes on main ideas, outlining, and
summarizing all boost encoding effectiveness.
5 Mere encoding, however, does not ensure retention or recall. In fact, research reveals
that people forget about 80 percent of what they learn within 48 hours. ln order to secure
permanent long-term memories, the processes of storage and retrieval must be activated.
Storage involves review and REM sleep, where the day's learning is replayed and
reinforced in the hippocampus. In review, the retrieval of information copies it temporarily
into working memory so that it can undergo further processing, again in the hippocampus.
6 In classic research, Herman Ebbinghaus outlined an optimal review schedule. He
demonstrated that the understanding of new material peaks I 0 minutes after learning,
with this being the best time for a preliminary review. Subsequent study after one-
day, one-week, one-month, and six-month intervals was noted as the most favorable in
achieving permanent storage. Once permanent, memories no longer need strengthening in
the hippocampus. Instead, the memory traces are stored in neuronal networks related to
regions of the brain where the sensory inputs initially occurred.
Answer Key
Refer to the answer key to correct your test and find out why you made errors. Here you will
find information about why each answer choice is either correct or incorrect.
Speed-reading Chart
Record the amount of time it took you to read the passage in the Speed-reading Chart (DT)
on page 605.
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