ANSI !

CEMA 550·2003·R2009
( Reaffirmation of ANSI ! CEMA 550·2003
Approved November 14, 2003)

CEMA STANDARD 550

CLASSIFICATION
ANO
OEFINITIONS
OF
BULK
MATERIALS
 CEMA ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

COMMITIeES SQARD OF OIRECTORS OFFICERS

Meet in March andlor Seplemoor

ConlerMo" 1--
t - I Gttneral Su"' I I I
Handling Section l}n¡t H..... ing Conw)oin¡¡ Section
I Financa .nd Budgtt

Slr.tegle Plann lng

In , uranee
t--- II'"'~~"II eoo.....
Compon&nlS
and systems - y0<5
1I ,~
Acco~ 1 '"'~, 1 ~;;:'" 1 1 , . •• ~ 1

MuHngs 1-- Meels E~Ch June

I E~ I
,-
Memb",.hlp
1-- Coofonroo
rlA~'

I PaSI P,e.ldent.
1-- Cc....."itt_
H """
PubIic RelationI
1--
1 ~Cha l n

I Slati.lics
1-- T Un. Han<ling 6ul<Hancllng ~ H~I
P<I<IomIance TIImIincMogy
""., Section

I Sale!)' SIeer'ng
1-- 1 UniI Handling Sland....cts H sys~ms I
I
L _____ _

For Information on Company Membership

visit the CEMA Web Site at
http://www.cemanet.org

SAFETY NOTlCE

The Conveyor Equipment Manufac1urersAssociation has developed Industry Standard Safety Labels
far use on the conveying equipment of ils member campanies.

The purpose of the labels is lo idenlify common and uncommon hazards , conditions, and unsafe
practices which can injure, or cause the death of, the unwary or inaUentive person who is working
at or around conveying equipment.

The labels are available for sale to member companies and non-member companies.

A full description of the labels , their purpose , and guidelines on where to place the labels on typical
equipment, has been published in CEMA's Safety Label Brochure No. 201. The Brochure is available
for purchase by members and non-members of Ihe Associalion. Safely Labels and Safety Label
Placement Guidelines, originally published in the Brochure , are also available free on the CEMA
Web Site at http://www.cemanet.orgICEMA_SafetLPg.htm

PLEASE NOTE : Should any of the safety labels supplied by the equipment manufacturer become
unreadable for any reason, the equipment USER is then responsible for replacement and location
of these safety labels.

Replacement labels and placement guidelines can be obtained by contacting your equipment
supplier or CEMA.
 CLASSIFICATION & DEFINITIONS OF BULK MATERIALS

FOREWORD

The CEMA Engincering Conference recognizcs Ihal the basis of all bul k malcrial conveyor enginccri ng
is the precise defin ition and accurate classifi cation of matcrials according lo thei r individual handling
charaCleri stics under a specific combination of conditions of temperature, humid ity, sizes and distribution
oflumps, friability, and so 00, includi ng all factors ¡hal ¡nfluence the seleclion ofproper types and sizes of conveyors,
horizontal, incl incd or verticaL

Thi s exacting lask of catuloging bulk malcrials wns assigned by (he Conference 10 Ihe CEMA Comminee for
Malcrial s Classification & Definition, a task ¡hal was greal1y magnificd by (he increasing flow ofnew materials from
the world's geometricall y expand ing technology in all fi eld s and the alteration of older materials into fo rms with
different handling characteristics .

Th is task can, therefore, never be considered as hav ing been completed. The Com mittee fu ll y realizes Ihat ils
concl usion s at the time of any publi cation represents onl y that part of the work that has been completed to dale.

For that reason, il is the earnesl recommendat ion of Ihe members of the Conveyor Equipment Manufaclurers
Association that compelent cngineering and technological assistance be soughl whenever thcre is Ihe slightest doubt
as lo how any material wi ll behave under specific condilions.

It is desi rable and necessary Ihal materials and condilions be descri bed prec ise ly and com pletely whenever
equi pment manufacturers and consu h ing engineers are caJl ed in 10 makc recommendations.

Prepared as a service 10 rhe illduslry by lhe CEMA Bulk Handling Secrion

CONVEYOR EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION

6724 Lone Oak Bl vd.
Naples, Florida 341 09
(239)5 14-344 1
Fax: (239)5 14-3470
E-Mail: cema @cemaneLorg
Web Site: http://www.cemanet.org

Standard No. 550 - Copyright 2009

Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers Association

ISBN 1-89 117 1-47-X

 CLlCK BOX BElOW
TO VIEW THE
REFERENCED
CHANGES

SUMMARY OF CHANGES IN THIS EDITION

This 2003 Editiol/ updates, Chapter 1, Table 2, "Comparisol/ of U.S. Stal/dard

Sieves alld Tyler Sieves".

Tlle updated table has beel/ rel/amed "Comparisol/ of U.S., ISO, al/d Tyler Stal/dard
Sieves". 1I incorporales ISO Sieve desigatiolls as well as tlle curren! U.S. lIIeasuremelll
chullges lO accollllllodate ISO Stal/dard 133. Tltese challges are u/so rej1ected in
changes fa Table 6 "Average Size Systelll frolll Screen Allalysis".

This Edilioll ¡"eludes a more readable versioll of Chapler 2, Figure 9, "CEMA

Size Code C/asses vs Partiele Size - II/ches."

This Etlitioll updates, Chapter 3, uThe Material Table".

The updated table amalgamates virtually all of the CEMA Material Hal/dlil/g
Characteristics Data thal Ihe Associatioll "as available Ulul has published ill its hvo
olher dOClImellts which deal wil" material handling characteristics; Bel! COllveyors
for Bulk Materials ami CEMA Book 350: ScreIV COl/veyors.

To keep litis dOClIlllellt updated, ulld of lIIaximuJII utility lo tite illdustry, )Ve welcome,
alld are prepared to cOIIsider for illc/lIsiol1 ill fut"re editiolls, Ilew material alld
characterizatiolls submitted to liS from ally IIlembers of the blllk material cOllveyillg
illdllstry.

CEMA Standard No. 550-2003 (R2009)

Reviewed and Revised by
Bulk Handling Section
ofthe
CEMA Engineering Conference

i
 CONTENTS

C HAPTER

TERMINOLOGY: DEF INITI ONS, TEST PROCE DURES OR EXAMPLES PAGE

l. Physica l Characteristics

A- 1 Abrasiveness 1
A- 2 Anglc ofextcrna l fric tion 3
A-) Angle ofintemal frict ion 4
A-4 Angle ofmaximum inclinalion 5
A-5 A ngle of repose 5
A- 6 Anglc ofslide 7
A-7 Anglc of surcharge 7
A-8 Bulk density -loose 9
A-9 Bulk density - vibrated 11
A - lO Cohesivencss 13
A- II Elevated temperature 14
A-12 Flowabili ly - now fU!letíon 14
A-U Lumps - size and weight 15
A-14 Specific gravity 16
A-15 Moislure conten! 16
A-16 Particle hardness 19
A-17 Screen analysis and particle s ize consist 21
A-18 Sized and unsized matcrial 23

2. Hazards Affcct ing Conveyabil ity 24

8- 1 Aeration - flu idity 24

8 -2 Bccomes plastic or tends lo soften 25
8-3 Bui lds up and hardens 25
8-4 Corrosive 25
8-5 Generales slatíe electricity 26
8 -6 Dcgradable - size brcakdown 27
8-7 Ocleriorates in storage - decompos ition 27
8-8 Dusty 28

8- 10 Explosiveness 28
8-11 Flammability 29
8- 12 Hannful dust, toxic gas or fumes 29
8 - 13 Hygroscopi 30
8 - 14 Interlock s, mals and agglomerales 30
8- 15 Oi ls or fats present 31
8- 16 Packs under pressure 31
8 - 17 Particle shape 31
8- 18 Stickiness - adhes ion 32
8-19 Conlaminable 33
8-20 Very lighl, fl uffy - may be w indswept 34

m
CHAPTE R

11 MATER IAL CLASS IFI CATlON C ODE

3. Materia l Classification Code Chart 35

4. Material Classification Code Description 36

A. Bu lk Density Codi ng System 36

B. Size Coding System 36
C. Flowabili ly Coding System 4Q
D. Abrasive Coding System 41
E. Misce llaneous Properties and Hazards Cod ing System 41

111 TABLES OF MATER IALS AND THEIR C HARACTE RI ST ICS

5. Preface To Material Table 42

6. Materia l Classification Code Chart 43

7. Material Tables 44

A . Adip ic Ac id ... to o •• Zinc Ore, Roasted 44-64

8. Table of Material Characleristics 65

IV Ll ST OF MINIMUM C HARACTE RI ST ICS FURN ISHE D WITH INQU IRI ES FO R

Q UOTATION S FOR BULK MATERIAL HA NDLI NG EQ UIPMENT

V APPENDIX

9. Bibliography 67

lO. Shear Testing Procedure 73

A . Equipment 73
B. Dcfinitions 73
C. Procedure 75
D. Curve Plotling of Dala 77
 CHAPTERI

Terminology: Oefinitions, Test Procedures or Examples

This chapter is devoled to establishing consisten! terminology for Ihe various properties and characteristics
of bulk materials thal are considered 10 airee! conveyability or design in the proper selection of materials han-
dling equipment. Definition s are given and test procedures are eSlablished where pract icable.

Two general classes are established. The first class is " Physical Characteristics" and ¡neludes those proper-
líes thal can generally be physically tested and numeri cal va\ues detcnnined. These carry an "A" prefíx. The
second cJass is " Hazards Affccti ng Conveyabi lily." Thi s latler group is more d ifficult to test and determi ne
quantitat ive resu lts. They carry a " B" prefi x. Where possible, suggested test procedures are given to determine a
qual itative, generally yes or no, answer. Typical examples of materials having the particular property being
described are given to faci litate a better understand ing ofthe characteristic involved.

If a given material sample is analyzed for all thirty-seven characteristics given in the followin g pages, much
more will be known about the material than generally fo und hereto fo re and the problem of proper eq uipment
selection for Ihe application will be made easier. A classificalion cod ing syslem is estab lished in Chapter 11 and a
suggested format for listing these characteristics is contained in Chapter 111.

1. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

A- I Abrasiveness

Defi nition: Abrasiveness is a combinalion of the physical characteri stics of a malerial lhat enables il 10 abrade
particles from surfaces with whi ch it comes into moving conlact.
Test: It seems from observations thal Ihe fo llowing 4 characterislics are Ihose which would contribute lO the abra-
sive characler of a material.

( 1) Particle hardness (See A- 16)

(2) Part icle shape (See B-1 7)
(3) Bu lk Material Density (See A-S)
(4) Size(SeeA- 17& A- 18)

The followin g factors are assigned 10 each ofthe aboye characleristics:

Hardness
Mohs No. Factor
I I
2 4
3 9
4 16
5 25
6 36
7 49
8 64
9 81
10 100
 Density WtJFt. 3 Factor
0-60 1.0
6 1- 120 1. 1
12 1- 180 1.2
18 1-240 1.3
24 1-300 1.4
30 1-460 1.5
46 1-520 1.6

Shape Type Factor

Rounded 1.0
Subround 1.5
Subangular
Sharp angular 2.0

Size
CEMA Factor
A 1.0
B 1. 1
e 1.2
D 1.3
E 1.3

To determine the relative abrasiveness of a particle, determine the factors from observation of the material.
Multiply the factors together to determine the abrasive index number.

Compare this number to the abrasive index range in the table below to determ ine the CEMA abrasive code
number.

Characteristics Code Number Abrasive lndex Range

Mildly Abrasive 5 1 Ihru I7
Moderately Abrasive 6 18 thru 67
EXlre mely Abrasive 7 68 thru 416

( 1) The follow ing factors were used to determine the abrasive index mnge:
Hardness Density Shape Size
Mildly 1&4 1& 1.6 1&2 1&1.3
Modcrately 16 1.6 2 1.3
Extremely 100 1.6 2 1.3

(2) Assume the hardness of all vegetable and animal products which cannot be measured to be Mohs #1 or less.

(3) The hardness of other matcrials can be found in various handbooks and by using Mohs test.

(4) Density is the "as conveyed" weight per cubic fool.

(5) The shape may be described as foll ows:

Rounded - Those pieces Ihal are nearly spherical with no shallJ edges or shallJ poinls.
(river gravel) (8 - 17 C lass D)

2
 Subround Subangular Those pieces which approach rounded or angular shapes but with all edges well rounded
4 4

so Ihat Ihere are no sharp edges or sharp points. (river gravel) (B4 17 Classes A, B, C, & E, excepl all sharp
edges & points removed)

Angular- Pieces havi ng various flat sided shapes, all ofwhich produce sharp edges and sharp points.
(crushed stone) (B-1 7 Classes A, B, & C)

A-2 Anglc of Externa l Friction

Dcfinition

The angle of externa l friction ofa bulk material is Ihe angle in degrees, O', belween the normal stress (horizontal)
axis and the wall yield locus or curve ofa plot showing the relationship ofshearing resistance to normal stress acting
between the bulk material and the surfacc of anolher material on which it slides as found from direct shcar tests.

This is also known as wall friction and should be closely related to the angle of sl ide on the same surface.

The tangent of th is angle is the cocfficient of friction of the bu lk material on the surfacc ofthe materia l tested.

The type, cond ition, and surfa ce finish ofthe material 011 which the test is performed must be included with the
angle and coefficienl lo be specific, Le., new hot roUed 0. 15-0.20 carbon steel pI ate at 80100 MuRMS or type 304
sta inless steel wi lh 28 surface at 15-25 MuRMS.

Test

The lest is performed on a direct shear conlrolled strain tcster in the manner described in Appendix 10. The plot
ofthe shear stress versus the normal stress is the wall yield locus. The angle is measured between the abscissa and a
straight line through the origin lo the intersection ofthe wall yield locus wi lh the Mohr circ1e for Ihe major consoli-
dation stress al Ihe point ofhigher normal stress as shown in Figure l.

Consol~dation Circle--- \

Wall Yield Locus - - - \

Effe c tive Yield Locu7 ¿,,""_~'--__

Shear
Str ess
r &

(Ji

Normal Stres s ir

Figure 1

3
 CHAPTER TI
TABlE 3
3. MATERIAL CLASS IFICATIQ N CQDE C IIART

DEFINITION
eODE
MAJOR CLASS MATERIALCHARACTERISTICS INC L UDED &TEST
DESIGNATlON
REfERENCE
Dcnsity Bulk Dcnsity, Loose A-8 Actual Lbs/eu Ft

No. 200 Sievc (.0029") And Under A~

Vcry Fi ne No. lOO Sicvc (.0059") And Undcr A,oo
No. 40 Sicve (.016") And Under A~

Fine No. 6 Sicve (.132") And Undcr 8,

W' And Under e,

Granular 3" And Under D,
Sizc 7" Alld Under A-1 7 D,
16" And Under D"
Lumpy Over 16" To Be Spccified
X=Actual Maximum Sizc D,
Irregular Slringy, Fibrous, Cy lindrical , Slabs, Etc. E

Very Free Flowing - Flow Function > 10

Free Flowing - Flow Function >4 BUI < 10 ,
1

Flowabil ity Average Flowability - Flow Function > 2 Bul <4 A-12 3
Sluggish - Flow FUllctioll < 2 4

Mildly Abrasivc - lndcx 1 - 17 5

Ahrasivcness Moderately Abrasive - Index 18 - 67 A- I 6
Extremely Abrasive - Index 68 -416 7

Builds Up and Hardens 8-3 F

Generates Static Electricity 8 -5 G
Dccomposes - Dctcriorates in Storage 8 -7 H
Flammabi lity 8 -11 J
8ecomcs Plastic or Tends 10 Soften 8 -, K
Miscc11aneous Very Dusty 8 -8 L
Acrates and 8ecomcs Fluid 8 -1 M
Properties Explosivencss 8-10 N
St ickiness-Adhesion 8-18 O
oc Contaminable, Affecting Use 8-1 9 P
Dcgradable, A ffecti ng Use 8 -6 Q
Hazards Gives Off Hannful or Tox ic Gas or Fumes 8 -12 R
Highly Corrosive B-4 S
Mi ldly Corrosive 84 T
Hygroscopic 8 -13 U
lnte rlocks, Mats or Agglomerates 8 -1 4 V
O ils Present 8-1 5 W
Packs Under Pressure 8-16 X
Very Light and FlufTy - May 8e Windswcpt 8 -20 y
E1evatcd Temperature A-ll Z

Angle of Repose Loose A-S

Maximum Anglc
of lnclination Convcyor A-4

35
 4. MATERIAL CLASS IFI CATlON COO E OESCR IPTlON

A. Bulk Density Coding System

Bulk Density in Ihe loose condition, as defined under A-8 of Chapter 1, is given as the firsl group of the
Classification Codeo Thc actua l dcnsity in pounds per cubic rool lo the ncares! wholc pound is shown; whcrc a
range of va lues is shown, the average ofthe loose densi ty va lues is used.
B. Size Coding System

Since Ihe size ofparticles in a sample of a bu lk material to be handled in a conveying syslem is ane of
the músl importan! characteristics 10 be considered in selecling and applying convey ing and elevat ing
cquipment, size is givcn in the second group of the classification coding systcm. Norma lly the maximum size
ofthe particle or lump determines minimum size of ope nings, bucket sizes, chute width, belt width, screw
diameter, etc . The code class letter is therefore selected on the basis ofthe maximum particle or lump size in
the material. Thi s class then indicates the sample will contain particles as large as the maximum indicated
and might, but not necessarily, contain particle sizes down to zero. The particu lar size consist, or size
breakdown, is only indicated by a complete screen analysis which would be necessary if more infonnation
on the smaller sizes and the dist ribution of sizes is requ ired.

The complete Size Classificat ion and Coding is shown in Table 4 and Figure 9.

For Class A materials, which are the smallest or very fine sizes, it is recommended that the percentages
rctained on at least the No. 40, No. 100, and No. 200 U.S. Standard sicves bc includcd in any request for
handling information since propcr application \ViI I gene rally require morc dctail than just the maximum size.

TABLE 4-SIZE C LASSIFI CATION ANO COOl NG

Dcfinition Sizc Ran gc Code Lcttcr

Very Fine No. 200 Sieve (.0029") and under

" " No. 100 Sieve (.0059") and under
" " No. 40 Sieve (.0 16") and under
Fine NO.6 Sieve (0.132") and under
Granular 1/2" and under
Lumpy 3" and under
.,
7" and under
" 16" and under
" Over 16" to be specified
Irregular Stringy, Fibrous, interlocking mats together,
cy lindrical, slabs E

Whi le the major screen groups are shown as No. 40, 100 and 200, and may be identified as A-w A ,oo ' and
A200, the fo llow ing subgroups may be used in addition to obtain a more complete picture ofthe size distribution:
No. 50, 70, 140, 170 and 270, U.S. Standard Sieves.

36
 CHAPTER 111
5. PREFACE TO
MATER IAL TABLE

Thc following malcrial table givcs a list of matcrials togcthcr with thcir loosc dcnsity and code c1assification, Thc charactcr~
¡slies delinealed by Ihe code designations are Ihose thal are comrnonly encountered in average conditions. They are no!
ncccssarily derived from Ihe previously describcd tests, bUI weTe taken from various sources and represen! Ihe conscnsus of
cxpcricnce ofa numbcr ofCEMA membcrcompanies.

Each characteristic may val)' in spccific instances. Proper consideration mus! be given Ihose matcrials whose characteris-
lies val)' undcr conditions ofhandling, moisture conten! utmosphcric humidity, paniclc sizc, agc Of long sloragc. 1I should be
nOled thal 51ighl changcs in moisture conten! may greatly afTeet many ofthe eharaeterist ies; also difTerenees in partiele size
distribution may affeet sorne of these eharaeteristics,

As results were aeeumulated from the teSI proeedures outlined previously in Chapters I and 11 , that information was
submitted to CEMA and eventually tabulated in detail in the form shown on the sample ehart, Table 7, included in this ehapler,
It will be noted Ihat this ehart makes provision for including all ofthe eharacleristics prcviously defined and that slight changes
in one or more oflhe charaeteristics will require separale entries for the same gencraltypc ofmaterial.

As a eonvenienee in using Ihe Materials Table, the Material Classifieation Code Chan, Table 3, from Chapter 11 is repeated
on Ihe next page.

Mlleh of Ihe lla/a in Ihis lab/e ll'O~' l/Iso indru/(ul ill Ihe CEMA Bell BOl/k: "Bell COI/I'e)'ors for Blllk Malerials ", T/¡e ((¡b/e
in 11/(/1 tlol:umenl included A-5: Angle of Repose (Loo,~e) GI/d A-4: (Reeommendell) Al/gil' of Mtuimum 'lIclilla/ioll (Col/l'eyO/)
for seleeled lIIa/eria/s. f¡ al/(I also illcluded some malerül/ cJllI/'lIclerislics 1/01 COI'ered ill I/¡is doclllllelll.

Tile CEMA Sc/'ew CO/weyor Sectioll . il/ developil/g ANSI/CEMA Stamlard 350 "St.,.ew COIII'eyors" used Ihe dala frOIll
,his lIIalerial tab/e blll sliglll/y mOlliJj1lhe cJ/{//'{/eterülics ofsollle mlllerials basel' 01/ IIIeir eXfJCriel/ee ill mOl'illg the prodllcl.
rile)' (/Iso adllet/ eharaeleri:aliol/s for I/ell' materials whieh IIlll'e come il/IO Ilre markelplace 01' \\'hiel, lI'ere prel'iollsl)' l/al
il/cJllded.

/11 /997. CEMAllllderIOok(llIelforltoupdale¡histable. A!lIferüllsfrolllllreBelIBook. nolprel.iollsl). inclllded. lI'ere

addcll. A/so imporled lI'ere Al/g/e of RelJOSe (Loose) (l/Id RecOlllmel/det/ Al/g/e of Maximlllll IlIcJil/mioll (ColI\'eyor) data.
rile I/ell' materials alld modifiel/ eJ¡arl/elcl'i:miollsfromllle "Sel'elll COIlI'e)'or" slG/ll!artlll'ere also imponed

As noted aboye ..... Ihi s ehart makes provision for illcluding all ofthe eharacteristics previously defin ed and that slighl
changes in olle or more ofthe charaeterislics will require separate entries for the same genera l type of material." To reso/I'e O/Iy
discrepallc;e~' belweell Ihi~' doclllllel/I. I/¡e Screll' COI/I'C)'or llocl/mel/l. alld Ihe BeI¡ Book. CEMA has e/lOsen lo i/IC:OIpora/e
Ihe modilica/iolls II/(JI Ihe Serew COllveyo/' Sectioll has mude rutile/' Ilrall l/se /l/ulliple el/tries for Ihe same maleria!'

Use!'!; are reminded again "Each eharacteristic may vary in specifie instances. Proper consideration must be given those
material s whose charaetcristies vary under eondit ions o f handling, moisture content atmospheric humidity, panic1e size, age or
long Slorage. lt should be noted that slight ehanges in moisturc contenl may grcatly affeet many o fthe eharacteristics; also
difTerenees in par1icle size distribution may afTeet sorne of these charaeteristies.'· Consu ll with your Bulk Material Conveyor
Manufaclurcr for speei!ic applieations.

Fillal/)'. tire I/Iu/atel! /(lb/e alll(¡lg(l/¡l(Ile~' I'ir{/l(llly (11/ of lile CEAJA Material Halldlillg Ch(//'(lcferistics 0(1/(1 11/(11 Ihe
Associa/ioll /¡m' lll'ai/able amI Iras publishetl. To keep Ilris lloclllllellf llpilaler/. amI of maxillllllll IIlifil)' lo Ihe il/(II,SII); I\'e
lI'eleomt'. (lml art' prepared 10 eOllsiderfor illelllSiol1 illjiullre ediliOlls, lIew maleriol {l/u/ characteri:aliollS submillel/ ro liS
fmm (1/1)' lIIembers of Ihe bll/k lIIateri(l/ cOIll'eyillg il/l/I/SOy.

42
 TADLE 3

6. MATERIAL CLASSIFI C AT ION COO[ C HART

DEFIN ITION
C OD E
MAJOR CLASS ]\'1ATERIALCHARACTERISTICS lNC L UDED & TEST
DES IGNATlON
R[FER[NCE
Density Bulk Density, Loose A-' Actual LbslCu FI

No. 200 Sieve (.0029") And Under A 200

Very Finc No. lOO Sieve (.0059")And Under A,.
No. 40 Sieve (.016") And Under A~

Fine No. 6 Sieve (. 132") And Under 8.

W' And Under C,

Granular 3" And Under D,
Size 7" Alld Ullder A~17 D,
16" Alld Ulldcr D"
Lumpy Over 16" To Be Specified
X"'Aetual Maximum Size D,
Irregular Slringy, Fibrous, Cy lindrical, Slabs, Elc. E

Very Free Flowillg - Flow FUIlClioll > lO 1

Free Flowillg - F10w FUllclioll >4 Bul < lO 2
FlowabililY Average FlowabililY - Flow FUllction > 2 But <4 A-12 3
Sluggish - Flow FUllcl ion < 2 4

Mi ldly Abrasive - Illdex 1 - 17 5

Abrasiveness Moderately Abmsive - Index 18 - 67 A-I 6
Extremely Abrasive - Index 68 -416 7

Builds Up alld HardCIlS 8-3 F

Generales Slalie ElectricilY 8 -5 G
Decomposes - Deleriorates in Slorage 8 -7 H
Flamma bilily B-JI J
Becomes PlaSlic or Tellds lO Soflell B -2 K
Miscellaneous Very Dusty B-8 L
Aerales alld 8ecomes Fluid B-I M
Properties Explosiveness 8-10 N
Stickilless-Adhesion 8 -18 O
oc Conlam inab1c,AfTecling Use 8-19 P
Degradable, A fTecling Use B-6 Q
Hazards Gives OffHannful or Toxic Gas or Fumes 8- 12 R
Highly Corrosive B-4 S
Mi ldly Corrosivc B4 T
Hygroscopic 8 -l3 U
Inte rloeks, Mals or Agglomerates 8- 14 V
Oils Presenl 8 -15 W
Packs Ulldcr Pressure 8-16 X
Very Light and Fluffy - May Be Windswcpt 8-20 y
Elevaled Tempcralurc A-I 1 Z

Angle of Repose Loose A-S #

Maximum Angle
oflnc li nalion Conveyor A-4 #

43
 7. Material Tables

Angle 01 Recommended
Material Description Loose Bulk Density GEMA Repose Angle 01 Max.
LblCu Ft Material Gode (Loose) Inclination
(Conveyor)

Adipic Acid 45 45A ,00 35N

Alfalfa, Meal 14-22 18B645WY 45

Alfalfa, Pellets 41-43 42C\\25 20-29

Alfalfa Seed 10-15 138 6 15N 29

Almollds, 8rokell 27-30 29C\\35Q 30-44

Almonds, Whole, Shelled 28-30 29C\\35Q

Alpile 70-80 75A 10035 30-44

Alum, Fines 45-50 488 ó35U 30-44

Alum, Lumps 50-60 558625 30-44

Alumina 55-65 588 ó27MY 22 10-12

Alumina, Fines 35 35A ,00 27MY

Alumina, Sizcd or 8riqucue 65 650)37

Aluminate Gel (A luminate Hydroxide) 45 458 635

Aluminum Chips, Dry 7-15 I1 E45VN 45

Aluminum Chips, Oily 7- 15 II E45Y

Aluminum Chloride, Crystalline 45-52 49C\\25S

Aluminum Hydrate 13-20 17C\\35N 34 20-24

Aluminum Nitratc 45-62 54C\\35NSU

Aluminum Oxide 60-120 90A ,00 17MN 29

Aluminum Silicate (Andalusite) 49 49C\\35S 30-44

Aluminum Sulfate 45-58 52C\\25 32 17

Aluminum, Ore (See 8auxite)

Ammon ium Chlo ridc, Crystallinc 45-52 49A ,0045FRS 30-44

Ammonium Nitrate 45-62 54AoI(l35NTU 30-44

Ammon ium Sulfate (Granular) 45-58 52C\\35FOTU 44

Antimony, Powder 60 60A I(lo36

Apple Pomace, Ory 15 15C\\45Y

Arscnatc of Lead (See Lead Arscnatc)

Arsenic Oxide (Arsenolite) 100-120 IIOA ,00 35R

44