PSN INSTITUTE OF TECNOLOGY

AND SCIENCE
NAME : R .SELVAKUMAR

DEPATMENT : CSE

YEAR : II YEAR

LAB CODE : HS8381

LAB NAME : INTERPERSONAL

SKILS / LISTENING AND
SPEAKING

YEAR : 2020-2021
 INTRODUCING MYSELF
Well I Would Start Introducing My Self .I am Selvakumar.My Father’s Name is

S.Ramachandran,My Mother ‘s Name is R.Vanaja.I am coming from Tirunelveli. I

have studied at Seventh Day Adventist Matriculation Higher Secondary School,

Tirunelveli. We joined schools here and made lot of friends. We participated in all

the activities of the school and enjoyed our school days.During free time I draw

paint and reading books.But, my hoppy is playing games and listening melody

songs.I would love to play outdoor games with my friends all through the day and

have lots of fun and enjoyment with them on one day. I could I spent some time

with my family, go out with them and enjoying a beautiful memories. Given

opportunity many people will surely enjoy sightseeing, as it’s an enjoyable activity. I

would love to go sightseeing everyday for the week but time isn’t on my side

.sightseeing not only allows me to view beautiful sceneries but gives me the chance

to learn more about nature and what is has to offer. Basically my idea is that one

should really enjoy weekends as it gets you out from the other working days stress

and makes you feel much refreshed with all the energy to start for a new week. If

nothing work out, then Lazing around and watching TV is also one among the best.
 TECHNOLOGY IN OUR DAILY LIFE
What is technology?
We live in a world driven by technology — hardly anyone would argue with you if you
said this. Technology, literally meaning the “science of craft”, refers to the collection of
techniques, skills, methods, and processes used to produce goods or services or for
accomplishing objectives such as scientific investigation. Technology can be embedded
in machines enabling them to be used by people even without a detailed knowledge of
their inner workings.

Technological growth is closely linked to the expansion of scientific research and

knowledge. In the last 50 years, thanks to the exponential increases in computing power
and microchip design and manufacture, there has been unprecedented innovation and
technological growth in nearly every field of human endeavour from health and transport
to industrial production and education.

Technology in Daily Life:

It is automotive technology that drives today’s electric and hybrid cars, and which will
drive tomorrow’s driverless cars, hover-taxis and space cabs.

It is technology that drives the ubiquitous mobile phones that you will now find in the
hands of even the poorest of the world’s poor. It is technology that creates hybrid seeds
that resist inhospitable climatic conditions and difficult terrain, giving high yields in
shorter times.

It is advancing medical technology that makes remote surgery, minimally invasive

surgery and life-saving cures using stem cell transplants. Technology puts spacecrafts on
asteroids and distant planets and lets us see new worlds. Technology splits atoms,
revealing their secrets, and gives us ways to exploit them to create energy, quantum
storage for data, and virtual reality games.

Technological growth: good or bad?

There are people who strongly oppose technology and claim that it spells the death of
‘humanity’, and that we are approaching the day when machines will rule everything.
They refer to fans of technology as ‘techies’ or sometimes ‘geeks’. On the other hand,
proponents of technology call these people Luddites, a derogatory name for someone
who is opposed to industrialisation, automation, computerisation and new technologies
in general.

Is this true? Is technology really a curse disguised as a blessing? Many believe that the
convergence of biotechnology and AI might be the most consequential development of
all.

When Technologies Converge:

In the last five decades, two areas in particular have grown faster than the rest, powered
by research and advances in computing power. One is artificial intelligence, or AI; the
other is biotechnology. Huge benefits have emerged from each of them for human beings
in general, such as self-driving cars — which will dramatically reduce the death rate
from road accidents — and robotic surgery, which enables precise, highly efficient and
targeted surgical interventions.

Yet, visionaries like Yuval Noah Harari, author of the best-selling Homo

sapiens and Deus, are now warning that the convergence of biotechnology and AI will
irreversibly and unpredictably change both the quality of human life and its challenges in
the next few decades. A good example of this is the facial recognition technology that is
now present in all photo management programs. The AI in the software is capable of not
only spotting the faces in every photograph but also recognising the person by name.
This technology has now expanded so that photo apps can recognise cats, dogs, beaches,
mountains and cars too. Computers with AI are already correctly identifying human
emotions through observing facial expressions and body movements. Some robots are
able to mimic human emotions. This is called affective computing, sometimes called
artificial emotional intelligence, and refers to the study and development of systems and
devices that can recognize, interpret, process, and simulate human affects.

How could this be a negative?

When Computers become Human-Like:

The ability to read human emotions is just a step away from predicting human emotions.
For example, if a computer attached to a video camera could identify which products a
consumer is showing greater interest in or which ones he is really keen to buy, various
tactics could be used to influence her to buy it.

Activists worry that computers that can understand and anticipate human wishes and
desires by scanning their irises and analysing their micro-expressions could also be
programmed to exploit and manipulate them.
Another very real fear is that humanoid computers with human-like skin, speech, and
expressions could jeopardise and dehumanise relationship and create emotional
vacuums.

Machines that do Human Jobs:

An enduring fear of Luddites has always been that computers will rob humans of their
livelihood by taking their jobs and doing them more efficiently at lower cost. However,
in reality the exact opposite has happened. As computerised machines began taking over
mechanical and repetitive human activities, new jobs for people opened up that needs
thinking and analytical skills and judgement, or human interpersonal skills. A good
example is the worldwide proliferation of call centres.

When drones were invented many feared that pilots would soon be redundant. However,
few people know that it takes almost 30 people to fly one military drone, and an
additional 50 people to analyze and make sense of the data being streamed back by the
drone.

The US army suffers from a serious shortage of trained, high quality drone pilots; anyone
who masters this skill will have a job. But a social scientist warns that in 10 years, it is
certain that computers will be flying that drone and humans will be redundant. Equally
sure is that some brand new skill requirement will have opened up with advancing
technology, calling for new talents.

How Technology will Change Careers:

In the 20th century, a young man was supposed to choose a skill, vocation or profession,
master it through education and practice, and then earn a living from it till he or she
retired. However, the fast-changing nature of technology is making skills obsolete at a
higher rate than ever before. To survive, tomorrow young man must keep re-inventing
himself and updating his skills continuously. Life could be difficult if every new skill has
a shelf life of only a decade or so.

Or perhaps one could look at it the other way — and say that changing technology will
keep human beings on their toes throughout their life.

Conclusion:
Technology is the result of human inventiveness. It reflects our evolutionary heritage. We
are neither strong like gorillas or tigers, nor fast like cheetahs and hawks, but our brains
and thinking powers have given us the greatest edge of any species on the planet.
Technology is a result.

Technology is either inherently good or bad; it is how we use it that makes it so. The
splitting of a hydrogen atom is technology at work. As history has shown us, technology
can equally be used to make a nuclear bomb that kills millions — or generate electricity
that lights up a million homes.
 DIALOGUE WRITING

Ankita: Hi Kavya, how are you doing?

Kavya: I am doing good. How about you?

Ankita: I am good as well. How are you dealing with Delhi’s pollution?

Kavya: It’s really terrifying, especially in winters. I recently ordered a pollution mask to

decrease the effect of pollution, but we cannot wear it all the time. But what we need to
do at home?

Ankita: Air purifiers. Don’t they work well?

Kavya: They do, but not everyone can afford it. Furthermore, would you want to operate
them for hours every day and many months?

Ankita: You have got a point. I’m also thinking to buy a pollution mask. What would
you suggest?

Kavya: I purchased an N90 mask for INR 2,500/-. I have examined the cheap ones as
well, the one that cost 20-30 rupees for a single piece, but they turn out to be more costly.

Ankita: More costly? How?

Kavya: The cheaper ones can be best used for 2 to 3 times. Whereas, the one I am using
can be used for some hundred hours. So the value of cheap ones sums up fast. And also
the cheap ones are not as efficient as the N90 I am using in refining the pollutants. That’s
important, right. What’s the purpose of using a mask if it’s not cleaning the toxic
pollutants?

Ankita: I Agree with you. Anything else on pollution respirators?

Kavya: Prefer a mask with exhaling valves. Valves help you breathe easily, particularly
when you are out of breath after exercising or climbing stairs and stop the buildup of
moisture.

Kavya: We have been inhaling the toxic air for the last few years. Do you envision any
reduction in pollution levels in near future, says this winter?

Ankita: I think it will be minimal at best. Vehicular contamination can be managed by

taking the fuel-inefficient, contaminating old vehicles off the roads, but will it happen.
Who will bell the cat to check stubble burning in the neighboring lands? The
construction project is the easiest of the three to control.

Kavya: What about pollution from fireworks on Diwali?

Ankita: There have been some limitations on the use of crackers at least in Delhi, but
implementation is not easy. To be fair, I am not too concerned about crackers because
their impact is only for a few days. I am more bothered about the month-on-month high
level of pollution rising out of other circumstances

.
Kavya: I agree, but I think residents too have some part in controlling pollution. We can
stop people from burning polythene bags and other dangerous waste in winter. We can
also reach construction activities in our area during the period it is forbidden.

Ankita: Right. What we usually don’t pay attention to is the case that pollution,
particularly in the winter months is not just a Delhi aspect. It seizes most of North India.
The Air Quality Index (AQI) of small cities such as Gwalior, Agra, and Lucknow often
gets more critical than Delhi’s, and they don’t get the same coverage in the national
media as metro cities such as Delhi do.

Kavya: That’s correct. And pollution is imposing such a heavy toll on human life. I was
reading in the newspaper that India has the questionable distinction of most extinction
because of pollution and most of them are associated with air pollution. In 2015, more
than 2.5 million people died in India because of pollution.

Ankita: I too remember reading in the newspaper that the AQI in New Delhi enrolled
the satisfactory zone for the first time in many months during the rainy season.
Circumstances have come to such a way that we have an exhalation of relief when the
AQI goes from very poor to poor category. Imagine, satisfying levels come once in few
months and that too by the harmony of nature (rainfall). AQI in the good division seems
to be a far-off dream.

Kavya: You have summed the state of matters quite well. Let’s hope conditions improve.

Ankita: Yes.
 GST is known as the Goods and Services Tax. It is an indirect tax which has
replaced many indirect taxes in India such as the excise duty, VAT, services tax, etc.
The Goods and Service Tax Act was passed in the Parliament on 29th March 2017
and came into effect on 1st July 2017.

In other words,Goods and Service Tax (GST) is levied on the supply of

goods and services.

Goods and Services Tax Law in India is a comprehensive, multi-stage,

destination-based tax that is levied on every value addition. GST is a single
domestic indirect tax law for the entire country.

Advantages of GST :

GST eliminates the cascading effect of tax

GST is a comprehensive indirect tax that was designed to bring the indirect
taxation under one
umbrella. More importantly, it is going to eliminate the cascading effect of tax
that was evident earlier. Cascading tax effect can be best described as ‘Tax on
Tax’. Let us take this example to understand what is Tax on Tax.

Before GST regime:

A consultant offering services for say, Rs 50,000 and charged a

service tax of 15% (Rs 50,000 * 15% = Rs 7,500).

Then say, he would buy office supplies for Rs.

20,000 paying 5% as VAT (Rs 20,000 *5% = Rs

1,000).

He had to pay Rs 7,500 output service tax without getting any

deduction of Rs 1,000 VAT

already paid on stationery.

His total outflow is Rs 8,500.

Under GST:

Higher threshold for registration Earlier, in the

 VAT structure, any business with a turnover of more than Rs 5 lakh (in most
states) was liable to pay VAT. Please note that this limit differed state- wise.
Also, service tax was exempted for service providers with a turnover of less
than Rs 10 lakh.

Under GST regime, however, this threshold has been increased to Rs 20

lakh, which exempts many small traders and service providers.

Disadvantages of GST:

Increased costs due to software accounting or ERP software to

GST-compliant one or buy a GST software so that they can keep their business going.
But both the options lead to increased cost of software purchase and training of
employees for an efficient utilization of the new billing software.

ClearTax is the first company in India to have launched a ready- to-use

GST software called Cleartax GST software. The software is currently available for free
for SMEs, helping them transition to smoothly. It has truly eased the pain of the
people in so many ways.
 Being GST-compliant Small and medium sized enterprises
(SME) who have not yet signed for GST have to quickly grasp the nuances of
the GST tax regime. They will have to issue GST-complaint invoices, be
compliant to digital record-keeping, and of course, file timely returns. This
means that the GST-complaint invoice issued must have mandatory details
such as GSTIN, place of supply, HSN codes, and others.

Conclusion :

Change is definitely never easy. The government is trying to

smoothen the road to GST. It is important to take a leaf from
global economies that have implemented GST before us, and who
overcame the teething troubles to experience the advantages of
having a unified tax system and easy input credits.