CONSTRUCTION AND ADMINISTRATION OF TOOLS

MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
A] OBJECTIVE TYPE: -
1. Which of the following is NOT a common route for administering medication?

o Oral
o Intramuscular
o Intravenous
o Intraosseous

2. Which of the following types of immunity do vaccines produce?

o Passive
o Natural
o Permanent
o Artificial

3. The Five rights for medication administration

o Right medication, right route, right documentation, right dose, right time
o Right patient, right time, right prescription, right date and documentation
o Right dose, right date, right symptoms, right document, right medication
o Right dose, right patient, right formulation, right documentation and right medication

4. The hollow part of the needle is called the

o bevel.
o point.
o lumen.
o hub.

5. The MOST common type of medication error is:

o Wrong drug & wrong patient

o Wrong route of administration
o Administering improper dose
o All of the above.

6. If a physician orders 100 mg of a drug that only comes in 25 mg tablets, how many tablets
constitute the correct dose?

o 4
o 5
o 25
o 10
7. The gauge of needles for intradermal injections is usually between

o 16 and 17.
o 18 and 19.
o 22 and 24.
o 25 and 26.

8. If a drug is placed between the gums and the cheek, the route of administration is

o oral.
o topical.
o buccal.
o sublingual.

9. A 63-year-old woman who has symptoms of insulin shock comes to the medical office. Which of
the following is most appropriately given to the patient to reverse her insulin shock?

o Glucagon
o Insulin
o Milk
o Gatorade

10. When performing a purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin test, which of the following is the
correct angle for needle insertion?

o 5 degrees
o 15 degrees
o 30 degrees
o 45 degrees
B] ESSAY QUESTION: -
Write an essay on routes of Medication administration. [250 Words]
C] CHECKLIST: -
INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION
INTRODUCTION: -
1. Introduce yourself to the patient including your name and role.
2. Confirm the patient's name and identity.
3. Briefly explain what the procedure will involve using patient-friendly language.
4. Check the patient's understanding of the medication being administered and
explain the indication for the treatment.
5. Gain consent to proceed with intramuscular injection.
6. Check for any contraindications to performing an intramuscular injection.
7. Check if the patient has any allergies.
8. Ask if the patient has a preferred injection site. If the patient is receiving
regular intramuscular injections, ensure that the injection sites are rotated.
9. Adequately expose the planned injection site for the procedure (e.g. deltoid).
10. Position the patient so that they are sitting comfortably.
11. Ask the patient if they have any pain before continuing with the clinical
procedure.
12. Wash your hands.
13. Gather equipment.
FINAL CHECKS: -
14. Right person: ask the patient to confirm their details and then compare this to
the patient’s wrist band (if present) and the prescription.
15. Right drug: check the labelled drug against the prescription and ensure the
medication hasn't expired.
16. Right dose: check the drug dose against the prescription to ensure it is
correct.
17. Right time: confirm the appropriate time to be administering the medication
and check when the patient had previous doses if relevant.
18. Right route: check that the planned route is appropriate for the medication
you are administering.
19. Right to refuse: ensure that valid consent has been gained prior to medication
administration.
20. Right documentation of the prescription and allergies: ensure that the
prescription is valid and check the patient isn’t allergic to the medication you are
going to administer.
PERFORMING THE INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION:-
21. Wash your hands.
22. Don some gloves and an apron.
23. Draw-up the appropriate medication into the syringe using a drawing-up
needle.
24. Remove the drawing-up needle and immediately dispose of it into a sharps
bin, then attach the needle to be used for performing the injection.
25. Choose an appropriate site for the injection.
26. Position the patient to provide optimal access to your chosen site.
27. Clean the site (if appropriate).
28 Gently place traction on the skin with your non-dominant hand away from the
injection site, continuing the traction until the needle has been removed from the
skin. If the patient is elderly with reduced muscle mass or the patient is
emaciated, do not apply traction, instead, bunch the muscle up to ensure
adequate bulk before injecting.
29. Warn the patient of a sharp scratch.
30. Holding the syringe like a dart in your dominant hand, pierce the skin at a 75 -
90° angle. Insert the needle quickly and firmly, with the bevel facing upwards,
leaving approximately one-third of the shaft exposed (however this varies
between sites and patients).
31. Aspirate to check the location of the needle (if appropriate).
32. If aspiration does not reveal evidence of intravascular needle placement,
inject the contents of the syringe whilst holding the barrel firmly. Inject the
medication slowly at a rate of approximately 1ml every 10 seconds.
33. Remove the needle and immediately dispose of it into a sharp’s container.
34. Release the traction you were applying to the skin.
35. Apply gentle pressure over the injection site with a cotton swab or gauze. Do
not rub the site.
36. Replace the gauze with a plaster.
37. Dispose of your gloves and equipment into an appropriate clinical waste bin.
TO COMPLETE THE PROCEDURE : -
38. Explain to the patient that the procedure is now complete.
39. Thank the patient for their time.
40. Wash your hands.
41. Discuss post-injection care.
42. Document the details of the procedure and the medication administered.
D] RATING SCALE: -
Medication Administration in PSG Hospitals.
S. No Description Always Often Sometimes Rarely Never
1. Symptoms are fully heard
before prescribing medications.
2. Allergies were asked before
administering medications.
3. Medications are given to me on
time.
4. I was informed about what type
of medications I am taking.
5. I was informed about the
benefits and side effects of the
medications I am taking.
6. I was given the rights to
choose/reject the medications.
7. I was informed about the type
of diet I had to take because of
medications.
8. Asepsis was strictly followed
before administering any type of
medications.
9. Regular updates about my
condition whether good or bad
because of any medication.
10. Nurses were always available to
my call about any side effects of
medications.