HAPPINESS

Happiness is that feeling that comes over you when you know life is good and you can't
help but smile. It's the opposite of sadness. Happiness is a sense of well-being, joy, or
contentment. When people are successful, or safe, or lucky, they feel happiness.
Happiness is equated with feeling pleasure or contentment, meaning that happiness is
not to be confused with joy, ecstasy, bliss, or other more intense feelings.
Happiness is something na nagtatagal and joy is temporary

MATERIALISM
Materialism is a form of philosophical monism that holds that matter is the fundamental
substance in nature, and that all things, including mental states and consciousness, are
results of material interactions.
Materialism is the philosophical belief that the world is made of material, and that there
are no other types of entity (things). Everything is composed of material. Things that are
not made of material, such as consciousness, are the result of actions by material. In
other words, matter is the only real substance.
For Marx and Engels, materialism meant that the material world, perceptible to the
senses, has objective reality independent of mind or spirit. They did not deny the reality
of mental or spiritual processes but affirmed that ideas could arise, therefore, only as
products and reflections of material conditions.
Who is the father of materialism?
Democritus

An example of materialism is explaining love in terms of material things. An example

of materialism is valuing a new car over friendships. The theory that physical matter is
the only reality and that everything, including thought, feeling, mind, and will, can be
explained in terms of matter and physical phenomena.
HEDONISM
Philosophy of pleasure. It means doing whatever brings you the greatest amount of pleasure,
regardless of any other effects.

Hedonism is a school of thought that argues seeking pleasure and avoiding suffering
are the only components of well-being. Ethical hedonism is the view that
combines hedonism with welfarist ethics, which claims that what we should do
depends exclusively on what affects the well-being of individuals.
A hedonistic person is committed to seeking sensual pleasure — the type of guy
you might find in a massage parlor or at an all-you-can-eat buffet. That's
why hedonistic folks revel in pleasure, and demand it in the present tense.
The popular view of hedonism
In broad terms, a hedonist is someone who tries to maximise pleasure and
minimise pain. Jordan Belfort (played by Leonardo DiCaprio) in The Wolf of Wall
Street is probably the popular idea of the quintessential hedonist, where his extreme
wealth allows him to indulge his insatiable hunger for all things pleasurable.

Example: those who are suicidal

STOICISM
Stoicism teaches the development of self-control and fortitude as a means of
overcoming destructive emotions; the philosophy holds that becoming a clear and
unbiased thinker allows one to understand the universal reason (logos).
Stoicism is a school of philosophy that hails from ancient Greece and Rome in the early
parts of the 3rd century, BC. It is a philosophy of life that maximizes positive emotions,
reduces negative emotions and helps individuals to hone their virtues of character.

“What do I want out of life?”

Stoicism was an ancient school of philosophy that taught a particular way of living. Its
principal focus was how to live a virtuous life, to maximize happiness and reduce
negative emotions. Its value has been tried and tested over much of human history by
renown individuals like George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Arianna Huffington,
Tom Brady, Tim Ferriss and more.
Zeno of Citium
Stoic philosophy started with Zeno of Citium. Having shipwrecked near Athens, he
turned his misfortune into an opportunity by taking advantage of all the philosophical
resources available in the city. He sat in on lectures from the other schools of
philosophy (e.g., Cynicism, Epicureanism) and eventually started his own. He would
teach his theory on the Stoa Poikile (a famously painted porch in Athens), and it is from
this Greek word for porch “stōïkos” that the term Stoicism came.

THEISM
Belief in one or more gods

Theism is the religious belief that at least one god exists while rejecting the
existence or importance of polytheistic gods or goddesses. In a broader definition
it can also be the belief in God or gods in general, including all types of god-belief.
Belief in the existence of a divine reality; usually referring to monotheism (one
God), as opposed to pantheism (all is God), polytheism (many gods), and atheism
(without God). Theistic religions such as Christianity, Islam, and Judaism all have the
monotheistic belief in a God, whereas a polytheistic religion such as Hinduism holds a
belief in many gods.
Theism states that the existence and continuance of the universe is owed to one
supreme Being, who is distinct from Creation. For this reason, theism proclaims a
dualistic relation between God and the world, wherein God is a being who controls
events from outside of the human world. The main question theism raises is whether
God should be seen only as transcendent, that is, beyond the limits of human
experience and the material world. Could God not also be seen as immanent in them as
well, having existence and effect in human consciousness and the material world?
Theists generally claim that attempts to make God immanent in humanity and nature
are pantheistic, and therefore, unacceptable to theistic religion. The philosopher and
theologian Paul Tillich reconciled these two views by claiming that "God is neither in
another nor in the same space as the world. [God] is the creative ground of the spatial
structure of the world, but he [sic] is not bound to the structure, positively or negatively. .
. .God is immanent in the world as its permanent creative ground and is transcendent to
the world through freedom."

Types of Theism
You can also define types of theism by number of Gods:
Monotheism: one god
Polytheism: many gods
Ditheism: two gods, usually one good and one evil
Henotheism: one main god with many minor gods

Alternatively, you can divide it in terms of different ideas about the nature of the god or
gods:

Pantheism: God = everything or the universe

Deism: God created the whole universe but does not interfere in events
Autotheism: God = the self or is within the self
Eutheism: God is entirely merciful and just
Misotheism / Dystheism: God is evil
and many others

HUMANISM
Humanism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human
beings, individually and collectively. The meaning of the term humanism has fluctuated
according to the successive intellectual movements which have identified with it.
Humanism is an approach to life based on reason and our common humanity,
recognizing that moral values are properly founded on human nature and
experience alone.
– The Bristol Humanist Group
Humanism is a belief in the value, freedom, and independence of human beings. For a
humanist, all human beings are born with moral value, and have a responsibility to
help one another live better lives. Humanism emphasizes reason and science over
scripture (religious texts) and tradition, and believes that human beings are flawed
but capable of improvement. It also tries to discover the truths about the universe and
humanity’s place within it. Humanism is usually very individualistic, seeing each
person as important in his or her own right, regardless of the needs of the
community. Some humanists, however, have a more collectivist outlook that focuses
on balancing individual rights against the needs of the community.