Topic 2 – Molecular Biology

Define Molecular Biology?

What comprises DNA and RNA?

What is a covalent bond?

Define organic compound?

How many covalent bonds can carbon form?

Carbon compounds life is based on?

What makes up nucleic acids?

What makes up carbohydrates?

Characteristics of lipids?

What makes up proteins?

Where do most chemical reactions in a cell happen?

Define metabolism?

Define anabolism?

Energy and anabolism?

4 examples of anabolism?

Define catabolism?

Energy and catabolism?

3 examples of catabolism?

Define urea?

Where is urea found in living organisms?

How is urea artificially synthesised?

Draw alpha D glucose?

Draw beta D glucose?

Draw ribose?

Draw saturated fatty acid?

Draw generalised amino acid?

Define polar (why water is)?

Define Cohesion?

Why is water cohesive?

Example of water being cohesive?

Define Adhesion?

Why is water adhesive?

Example of water being adhesive?

What are the thermal properties of water?

Why are they the thermal properties?

What is it meant by water is a solvent?

What are the solvent properties of water?

What is a hydrophilic substance?

What is a hydrophobic substance?

Similar thermal properties of water and methane?

Differences in water and methane?

How and why is sweat a coolant?

Transport of glucose?

Transport of amino acids?

Transport of sodium chloride?

Transport of oxygen?

Transport of cholesterol?

Transport of fats?

Define monomer?

What are carbohydrates made from?

How are disaccharides formed?

Monosaccharides examples and use?

Disaccharide examples and use?

Polysaccharide examples and use?

Structure of saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated?

Structure of cis and trans (unsaturated) fatty acid?

How are triglycerides formed?

What is triglyceride function?

Polymers made from glucose monosaccharides?

What and where is cellulose?

What and where is starch?

What and where is glycogen?

Molecular configuration of cellulose, starch, glycogen?

Scientific evidence for health risks of trans fats?

Scientific evidence for health risks of saturated fatty acids?

Acronym for lipids over carbohydrates as storage?

Extra reasons for lipids convenience?

Health claims about lipids counters?

How are polypeptides formed (and type of reaction)?

Sequence making up a protein?

Structure of amino acids?

How many types of amino acids are there?

What part does DNA play in polypeptides?

What is transcription?

What is translation?

Primary Structure?
Secondary Structure?

Tertiary Structure?

Quaternary Structure?

What determines shape of protein?

Fibrous proteins shape, role, solubility, sequence, stability?

Globular proteins shape, role, solubility, sequence, stability?

Functions and examples of proteins?

Define proteome?

Rubisco, insulin, immunoglobulins, rhodopsin, collagen and spider silk?

Define denaturation?

Heat change effects?

pH change effects?

Draw formation of peptide bond?