Can access point enabled with LWAPP, join the controller enabled with CAPWAP?

Yes, Access point enabled with LWAPP can join the controller enabled with CAPWAP.

Give an example of access point model, which can join only CAPWAP & one example which can join
either of LWAPP or CAPWAP?

Cisco Aironet 1140 only supports CAPWAP

Cisco Aironet 1130 supports both LWAPP & CAPWAP

When access point starts up, what will be the behavior in regards of LWAPP & CAPWAP?

After 60 seconds of trying to join a controller with CAPWAP, the access point falls

back to using LWAPP. If it cannot find a controller using LWAPP within 60 seconds, it tries

again to join a controller using CAPWAP. The access point repeats this cycle of switching

from CAPWAP to LWAPP and back again every 60 seconds until it joins a controller.

Once the access point downloads the CAPWAP image from the controller, it uses only CAPWAP to
communicate with the controller.

What are the basic guidelines for implementing CAPWAP?

If your firewall is currently configured to allow traffic only from access points that

use LWAPP, you must change the rules of the firewall to allow traffic from access

points that use CAPWAP.

Make sure that the CAPWAP UDP ports 5246 and 5247 (similar to the LWAPP UDP

ports 12222 and 12223) are enabled and are not blocked by an intermediate device

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that could prevent an access point from joining the controller.

If access control lists (ACLs) are in the control path between the controller and its

access points, you need to open new protocol ports to prevent access points from

being stranded.

How to use USB console port on the cisco 5500 wireless?

The USB console port on the 5500 series controllers connects directly to the USB

connector of a PC using a USB Type A to 5−pin mini Type B cable.

Note: The 4−pin mini Type B connector is easily confused with the 5−pin mini Type B

connector. They are not compatible. Only the 5−pin mini Type B connector can be used.

What is the function of service port on WLC?

In order to configure the basic settings on a 4400 controller using the GUI configuration

wizard, you must connect to the service port of the controller. Next, configure your PC to use

the same subnet as the controller service port; the IP address on service port when configuring

the WLC for the first time is 192.168.1.1. Start Internet Explorer 6.0 SP1 (or later) or Firefox

2.0.0.11 (or later) on your PC, and browse to http://192.168.1.1. The GUI Configuration

wizard appears.

How WLC works in terms of packet transfer or what is the mechanism?

All the client (802.11) packets are encapsulated in a LWAPP packet by the LAP and sent

to the WLC. WLC descapsulates the LWAPP packet and acts based on the destination IP

address in the 802.11 packet. If the destination is one of the wireless clients associated to the

WLC, it encapsulates the packet again with the LWAPP and sends it to the LAP of the client,

where it is decapsulated and sent to the wireless client. If the destination is on the wired side

of the network, it removes the 802.11 header, adds the Ethernet header, and forwards the

packet to the connected switch, from where it is sent to the wired client. When a packet

comes from the wired side, WLC removes the Ethernet header, adds the 802.11 header,

encapsulates it with LWAPP, and sends it to the LAP, where it is decapsulated, and the

802.11 packet is delivered to the wireless client.

What is the master controller mode on WLC?

When there is a master controller enabled, all newly added access points with no primary,

secondary, or tertiary controllers assigned associate with the master controller on the same

subnet. This allows the operator to verify the access point configuration and assign primary,

secondary, and tertiary controllers to the access point using the All APs > Details page.

The master controller is normally used only when adding new access points to the Cisco

Wireless LAN solution. When no more access points are being added to the network, Cisco

WLAN solution recommends that you disable the master controller.

What is the function of WLAN on WLC?

WLAN is similar to that of SSID in the access points. It is required for a client to associate

with its wireless network. In order to configure a WLAN on a WLC, refer to the sample

configuration in the document Guest WLAN and Internal WLAN using WLCs Configuration

How does DHCP work with the WLC?

The WLC is designed to act as a DHCP relay agent to the external DHCP server and acts

like a DHCP server to the client. This is the sequence of events that occurs:

Generally, WLAN is tied to an interface which is configured with a DHCP server.

When the WLC receives a DHCP request from the client on a WLAN, it relays the

request to the DHCP server with its management IP address.

The WLC shows its Virtual IP address, which must be a non−routable address,

usually configured as 1.1.1.1, as the DHCP server to the client.

How do i change power & channels for a LAP?

Once a LAP registers to a WLC, all the configuration for a LAP is done on the WLC.

There is a built−in feature in WLC called RRM, wherein the WLC internally runs an

algorithm and automatically adjusts the channel and power settings as per the deployment of

LAPs. RRM is turned on by default on the WLC. You need not change the channel and power

settings for a LAP, but you can override the RRM feature and statically assign power and

channel settings for a LAP.

What happens to the wireless network when I perform a software upgrade? Do all  the access points
(APs) registered to a WLC go down until they are upgraded, or are they upgraded one at a time so that
thewireless network can remain up?

Once the WLC is upgraded, it must be rebooted for the changes to take effect. Within this

time, connectivity to the WLC is lost. LAPs registered to a WLC lose their association to the

WLC, so service to the wireless clients is interrupted. When you upgrade the controller’s

software, the software on the controller’s associated access points is also automatically upgraded.

Up to 10 access points can be concurrently upgraded from the controller. Do not power down the
controller or any access point during this process; otherwise, you might corrupt the software image.
Can a Cisco IOS Software−based access point (AP) that has been converted to lightweight mode
register with Cisco 4100 Series WLCs?

No, Cisco IOS Software−based APs that are converted to lightweight mode cannot register with the Cisco
40xx, 41xx, or 3500 WLCs. These lightweight APs (LAPs) can register only with the Cisco 4400 and the
2000 series WLCs.

Is it possible to go back and make corrections in the WLC configuration wizard at the time of the
initial configuration?

Yes, this can be done with the − (hyphen) key. Use this key to re−enter the previous parameter value.

With the “ Management via Wireless” feature enabled on WLCs in a mobility group, I can only access
one WLC from that mobility group, but not all. Why?

This is an expected behavior. When enabled, the Management via Wireless feature allows a wireless
client to reach or manage only the WLC to which its associated access point is registered. The client
cannot manage other WLCs, even though these WLCs are in same mobility groups. This is implemented
for security, and recently was tightened down to just the one WLC in order to limit exposure.

Is it possible to assign an integrated controller in a 3750 Switch and a 4400 wireless LAN controller
within the same mobility group?

Yes, it is possible to create a mobility group between a Catalyst 3750 Switch with an integrated
controller and a 4400 WLC.

Are there any basic requirements to maintain when I use the mobilityanchor feature in order to
configure wireless LAN controllers (WLCs) for guest access?

These are the 2 basic requirements that need to be maintained when you use mobility

anchor in order to configure WLCs for guest access.

The mobility anchor of the local WLC must point to the anchor WLC, and the

mobility anchor of the anchor WLC must point only to itself.

Note: You can configure configure redundant anchor WLCs. Local WLC uses them

in the order WLCs are configured.

Make sure you configure the same security policy for the service set identifier (SSID)

on both the local and anchor WLCs. For example, if the SSID is “guest” and you turn

on web authentication on the local WLC, make sure the same SSID and security

policy is also configured on the anchor WLC

If the WLCs in the same mobility group are separated by Network Address Translation (NAT)
boundaries, can they communicate mobility messages with each other?

BEFORE VERSION 4.2

In controller software releases earlier than 4.2, mobility between controllers in the same Mobility Group
does not work if one of the controllers is behind a network address translation (NAT) device.

Reason

Mobility message payloads carry IP address information about the source controller. This IP address is
validated with the source IP address of the IP header. This behavior poses a problem when a NAT device
is introduced in the network because it changes the source IP address in the IP header.

AFTER VERSION 4.2

In controller software release 4.2 and later, the Mobility Group lookup is changed to use the

MAC address of the source controller. Because the source IP address is changed due to the

mapping in the NAT device, the Mobility Group database is searched before a reply is sent to

get the IP address of the controller that makes the request. This is done with the MAC address

of the controller that makes the request.

Can we place the lightweight access point (LAP) under Network Address Translation (NAT)? Does
LWAPP from access point (AP) to WLC work through NAT boundaries?

Yes, you can place the LAP under NAT. On the AP side, you can have any type of NAT configured, but, on
the WLC side, you can have only 1:1 (static NAT) configured. PAT cannot be configured on the WLC side
because LAPs cannot respond to WLCs if the ports are translated to ports other than 12222 or 12223,
which are meant for data and control messages.

Can I place the Lightweight Access Point (LAP) under Network Address Translation (NAT)? Does
CAPWAP from access point (AP) to WLC work through NAT boundaries?

Yes, you can place the LAP under NAT. On the AP side, you can have any type of NAT configured. But on
the WLC side, you can have only 1:1 (Static NAT) configured.

PAT cannot be configured on the WLC side because LAPs cannot respond to WLCs if the ports are
translated to ports other than 5246 or 5247, which are meant for control and data messages.

Select the Enable NAT Address check box and enter the external NAT IP address if you want to be able to
deploy your Cisco 5500 Series Controller behind a router or other gateway device that is using
one−to−one mapping network address translation (NAT).

Can I upgrade the WLC from one major version to another directly?

You can upgrade or downgrade the WLC software only between two releases. In order to
upgrade or downgrade beyond two releases, you must first install an intermediate release.

We have finished our initial deployment of LAPs. When our clients move from one end of the building
to the other, they stay associated with the AP to which they were closest. The clients do not appear to
be handed off to the next−closest AP until the signal strength from the initial AP is completely
depleted. why?

Coverage area of an AP is entirely controlled by the WLC. The WLC talks between its APs and manages
their signal strength on the basis of how each AP senses other APs. However the client movement from
one AP to other is entirely controlled by the client. The radio within the client determines when the
client wants to move from one AP to the other.

No setting on the WLC, AP, or the rest of your network can influence client’s decision to roam to a
different AP.

How do I prevent loops on the WLC?

You can enable STP on the WLC to prevent loops. From the WLC GUI click Controller, then navigate to
the Advanced submenu located on the left side of the application. Click the Spanning Tree option, and
choose Enable for Spanning Tree Algorithm located on the right side of the application.

By default, STP need not be enabled to prevent loops

Is there any way to recover my password for WLC?

BEFORE VERSION 5.1

We don’t have any option.

AFTER VERSION 5.1

If you forget your password in WLC version 5.1 and later, you can use the CLI from the controller’s serial
console in order to configure a new user name and password. Complete these steps in order to
configure a new user name and password. After the controller boots up, enter Restore−Password at the
user prompt.

Note: For security reasons, the text that you enter does not appear on the controller console.

At the Enter User Name prompt, enter a new user name.

At the Enter Password prompt, enter a new password.

At the Re−enter Password prompt, re−enter the new password.

The controller validates and stores your entries in the database.

 
When the User prompt reappears, enter your new username.

When the Password prompt appears, enter your new password.

The controller logs you in with your new username and password.

I have set up a guest Wireless LAN and the WLC is physically separated from my internal LAN. I
decided to use the internal DHCP feature of this WLC but my wireless clients do not get IP addresses
from the WLC. How do the wireless guest users get IP addresses from the WLC when they are
connected on a physically separate network?

Check if the DHCP scope is enabled on the WLC. In order to check this, click the Controller Menu and
click Internal DHCP server from the left−hand side.

Generally, the DHCP server is specified on the interface, which maps to the WLAN.

Make sure that the management interface address of the WLC is specified as the

DHCP server on the interface that maps to the guest user WLAN. Alternatively, you

can enable the DHCP Server override option on the WLANs > Edit page and specify

the management interface address of the WLC in the DHCP server IP Addr field..

I have a 4400 Series WLC & LAPs registered to the WLC. I have configured WLANs for the clients to
connect on the WLC. The problem is that the WLC does not broadcast SSIDs that I configured for the
WLANs. Why?

The Admin Status and the Broadcast SSID parameters are disabled by default. Complete these steps in
order to enable Admin Status and Broadcast SSID:

Go to the WLC GUI and choose Controller > WLANs. The WLANs page appears.

This page lists the WLANs that are configured. Select the WLAN for which you want to enable
broadcasting of the SSID and click Edit.

In the WLAN > Edit page, check Admin Staus in order to enable the WLAN. Also,

check Broadcast SSID in order to ensure that the SSID is broadcast in the beacon

messages sent by the AP.

Wireless LAN Clients associated with the lightweight access points are not able to get IP addresses
from the DHCP server. How do I proceed?

The DHCP server for a client is usually marked on the interface, which maps to the WLAN to which the
client. Check if the interface is configured appropriately.

My 1131 lightweight access point (LAP) does not register with my 4402 wireless LAN controller (WLC).
What can be the possible reason for this?
One common reason is that the Lightweight Access Point Protocol (LWAPP) Transport Mode is
configured on the WLC. A 4402 WLC can operate in both Layer 2 and Layer 3 LWAPP mode. Whereas, an
1131 LAP can only operate in Layer 3 mode. Layer 2 mode is not supported on the 1131 LAP. So, if the
WLC is configured with the LWAPP Transport Mode of Layer 2, then your LAP does not join the WLC. In
order to overcome this problem, change the LWAPP Transport Mode of the WLC from Layer 2 to Layer 3.
In order to change the LWAPP Transport Mode using the GUI, go to the WLC page and locate the second
selection in the main field which is LWAPP Transport Mode. Change this to Layer 3 and reboot the WLC.
Now, your LAP is able to register with the WLC.

Why are our access points (APs) that are registered to other WLCs that are in the same RF group
shown as rogues?

This can be due to Cisco bug ID CSCse87066 ( registered customers only) . LWAPP APs in the same RF
group are seen as rogue APs by another WLC for one of these reasons:

The AP sees more than 24 neighbors. The neighbor list size is 24, so the 25th AP is reported as a rogue.

AP1 can hear the client that communicates to AP2, but AP2 cannot be heard. Therefore, it cannot be
validated as a neighbor.

The workaround is to manually set the APs to known internal on the WLC and/or WCS.

Complete these steps on the WLC in order to manually set the APs to known internal:

1. Go to the WLC GUI and choose Wireless.

2. Click Rogue Aps in the left side menu.

3. From the Rogue−AP list, choose the specific access point and clickEdit.

4. From the Update Status menu, choose Known internal.

5. Click Apply. This bug is fixed in version 4.0.179.11.

we  have a couple of Access Control Servers (ACS) that authenticate the wireless clients associated to
wireless LAN controllers (WLCs). One ACS acts as a primary authenticating server and the other as a
failover server. If the primary server fails, the WLC falls back to secondary for authenticating the
wireless clients. Once the primary server comes back up, the WLC does not fallback to the primary
server. Why?

This is an expected behavior. These steps occur when a client is authenticated through the WLC in
multiple ACS deployments:

Upon boot up, the WLC determines the active ACS. When this active ACS does not respond to the
RADIUS request from the WLC, the WLC searches and makes a failover to the secondary ACS.

Even when the primary ACS comes back up, the WLC does not fall back to it until the ACS to which the
WLC is currently authenticating fails.

 
In such cases, reboot the WLC in order for the WLC to identify the primary ACS again and fallback to it.
This fallback does not occur immediately after reboot. It might take some time.

1. Question 1. What Are The Different Modes Of An Access Point (ap) Operation?

Answer :

An AP can be performed by one of these modes of operation:

o Root Mode— This is the actual AP mode. It can associate wireless clients and bridge the
traffic to the wired network when needed.

o Bridge Mode— AP acts as a bridge and can be used to connect wired networks at a
distance.

o Repeater Mode— When the Ethernet port is disabled, the AP becomes a repeater and
associates to a nearby root AP.

o Work Group Mode— A Workgroup Bridge (WGB) can provide a wireless infrastructure
connection for Ethernet-enabled devices. Devices that do not have a wireless client
adapter in order to connect to the wireless network can be connected to the WGB
through the Ethernet port. The WGB associates to the root AP through the wireless
interface.

2. Question 2. Where Can I Download The Latest Firmware, Drivers, And Software For My
Wireless Network?

Answer :

Cisco AirNet equipment operates best when all components are loaded with the most current version of
the software

Due to United States export compliance regulations, you must be registered on Cisco.com to download
wireless software. Registration is free.

Wireless Interview Questions

3. Question 3. What Cisco Air Net Products Are Wi-fi Certified?

Answer :

Refer to Wi-Fi Certified Products leavingcisco.com for current certification information.

 4. Question 4. How Does Roaming Work? Who Roams When There Is Not Enough Signal
Strength, The Client Or The Ap?

Answer :

Roaming is an algorithm implemented and controlled by the client adapter and it is not defined by IEEE
standards. The roaming functionality is based on signal quality, not just the proximity to the AP. Each
vendor has their own logic to implement roaming.

For Cisco clients, roaming is caused by one of these events:

o Maximum data retry count is exceeded

o Missed too many beacons

o Data rate shift

o Initial startup

o Periodic client interval (if configured)

Wireless Security Tutorial

5. Question 5. What Is Fast Roaming?

Answer :

Fast roaming is a feature where the client's credentials are not sent to the Authentication server every
time the client authenticates. Once a client authenticates to an AAA server, credentials are cached in the
AP. The next time a client roams; the AP authenticates and supplies the credentials by itself to the client
without sending it back to the AAA server. This saves time and enables faster roams of clients.

CWNA (Certified Wireless Network Administrator) Interview Questions

6. Question 6. Can The Radios Be Damaged If They Are Operated Without The Antennas
Attached?

Answer :

Some radio equipment manufacturers specifically warn against this because it damages the transmitter.
Most pieces of amateur or commercial radio equipment carry this warning because they operate at a
much higher transmitter power. The reflected wave standing wave ratio (SWR) caused by the lack of a
proper antenna or load can damage the final amplifier stage known as the power amplifier (PA).

For Cisco AirNet equipment, the transmitter power output is 100 mW for the 350 series and 30 mW for
the 340 series, so damage is unlikely but possible. If you absolutely have a requirement to run the
devices without antennas, it is recommended that you turn the transmitter power down to 1-5 mW or
use a 50-52 ohm "dummy load," just to be safe.

Warning: Never connect the antenna port of one device directly into the antenna port of another device
since this could damage the devices.
 7. Question 7. What Are All The Authentication Mechanisms Currently Supported By Cisco Access
Points (aps)?

Answer :

This is a list of authentication mechanisms currently supported:

o WEP

o WPA- Personal and WPA2-Personal

o WPA-Enterprise and WPA2-Enterprise

o EAP authentication

o MAC authentication

Wireless Communication Tutorial BREW (Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless) Interview Questions

8. Question 8. Do I Need A License To Operate Wlans?

Answer :

WLAN equipment operates in a 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency spectrum which are license free. In the
United States, spread spectrum devices fall under Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Part 15 of
the rules that govern unlicensed devices. However, other countries might require a license if you
operate devices that are partially or completely outdoors, such as point-to-point bridges. In addition,
some countries might require the system importer to obtain a telecommunications license to sell the
product.

9. Question 9. Can I Use My Wireless Device On An Aircraft?

Answer :

Under current Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) rules, the use of wireless devices on an aircraft is
permitted if the aircraft is parked at the gate and the door is open, and if usage is allowed in the airport.
The device must not interfere with flight operation equipment such as navigation radar,
communications, or emergency services.

The use of wireless devices on an aircraft with the door closed, whether it is sitting at the gate, taxiing,
or in flight, is prohibited by the FAA and other Civil Aviation Agencies worldwide. Wireless devices used
on the aircraft (when the door is open at the gate) must meet the requirements of the local country
agency or have been granted a waiver by the agency or airport authority.

Wireless devices that are stored on the aircraft for use at the gate must meet certification requirements
for the country that the local carrier is flagged for, and must be able to operate in the frequency band of
the host country, unless a waiver is granted to the system user. It is the responsibility of the system
installer to obtain all licenses and frequency or usage waivers.

Wireless Testing Interview Questions

10. Question 10. What Is Channel Interference?

Answer :

When radios on multiple access points share the same channel or nearby channel, then the frequency
band overlaps with other devices. The information transmitted is lost if there is any channel
interference.

11. Question 11. What Is World Mode?

Answer :

Generally a wireless client can operate only in its Local Regulatory domain as channel and power settings
carry for each domain. When World Mode is used, a client can automatically adjust channel and power
settings according to the domain it migrates to. For example, if a user travels from the United States to
Japan a client card that implements World Mode can automatically adjust its channel and power settings
as per the Japan domain. The access point (AP) should also support World Mode for this to work. The
Cisco client card and AP support World Mode.

Wireless Security Interview Questions

12. Question 12. Are The Wlan Cards Safe To Use From A Health Perspective Since They Use
Microwave Frequencies?

Answer :

The WLAN devices are safe when used under normal operating conditions as stated in the user manuals.
The power levels are below the power level of a typical microwave oven. The radio modules were tested
by independent test labs in accordance with various recognized standards. The levels measured when
the PCMCIA antenna was 1 cm away from the user were recorded at 10-12% of the maximum level
allowed.

Wireless Interview Questions

13. Question 13. The Fcc Limits The Maximum System Power To 4 Watts Effective Isotropic Ally
Radiated Power (eirp) For Non Point-to-point Systems. However, A Properly Tested And
Certified System Is Allowed To Exceed The 4 Watt Eirp For A Point-to-point System. I Have Two
Parabolic Dishes Aimed At An Omni. Can I Exceed The 4 Watt Eirp Limit If I Consider Each Leg
Point-to-point?

Answer :

No. The FCC defines the system that uses directional gain antennas as only part of the complete system.
You cannot exceed the 4W EIRP for any of the legs of this system since the whole system is a point-to-
multipoint. This topic is defined in FCC docket 96-8, which covers the spread spectrum transmitter.

14. Question 14. My Wlan System Sees Radio Frequency Interference (rfi) Or Electromagnetic
Interference (emi) From Another Device. What Can I Do?

Answer :

Relocate the Cisco AirNet equipment as far away as practical from potential sources of EMI/RFI or
reorient the point-to-point antennas away from the RFI/EMI emitter.
Use a different frequency range for the phone and WLAN.

It is suggested that you perform a site survey before you install a WLAN. In site survey you can detect all
kinds of interference sources. This includes non-802.11 sources such as microwave ovens, cordless
phones, etc. You can collect information on key parameters such as Signal strength, Noise, and Data
rates that exist in the actual deployment scenario. Based on this, WLANs can be planned and deployed
accordingly.

15. Question 15. Would The Frequency Hopping (fh) Equipment Of Another Vendor That Sits Next
To Our Direct Sequence (ds) Equipment Have Any Negative Effect?

Answer :

Yes. By its very nature, an FH product hops across the entire 2.4 frequency band. Therefore, it causes
interference to WLAN 802.11 b/g products that operate in 2.4 GHz. There is no way to control where an
FH unit hops. 

Try one or all of these steps:

o Change the location of the access point and/or the base of the cordless phone.

o Switch to channel 1 on the access point. If that does not work, try channel 11.

o Use a remote antenna on the client card if it is a PCI- or ISA-based card and you have
that option.

o Operate the phone with the antenna lowered, if that is an option.

o If all else fails, use a 900-MHz phone instead of a 2.4-GHz phone.

Wireless Sensor Networks Interview Questions

16. Question 16. My Wlan System Sees Interference From A Cordless Phone. What Can I Do?

Answer :

Most cordless phones operate in 2.4 GHz and are another major source of interference.

17. Question 17. What Is The Maximum Speed Of 802.11 A,b,g Standards?

Answer :

802.11b has a maximum speed of 11 Mbps while 802.11g and 802.11a have 54 Mbps.

Wireless Communication Interview Questions

18. Question 18. Does Cisco Currently Support 802.11n?

Answer :

Yes. Cisco supports 802.11n. However, 802.11n is supported only in 1250 series APs currently.

CWNA (Certified Wireless Network Administrator) Interview Questions

 19. Question 19. What Antenna Should I Use For The Cisco Air Net 1010 Access Point?

Answer :

This device has a built in antenna. You do not need to connect an antenna.

The Cisco AirNet Antenna Reference Guide has all the information about the different types of antennas
and accessories that Cisco provides as a part of the Cisco WLAN solution.

20. Question 20. I Have An Access Point About 50 Feet Away From My Client. The Signal Is Very
Weak And There Is Significant Interference In The Path (paper Storage). What Should I Do To
Obtain Proper Coverage?

Answer :

Install a high gain antenna for greater transmission and reception so that the signal at a longer distance
can be picked up easily.

21. Question 21. What Type Of Antennas Should I Use For Bridges?

Answer :

There are different types of external antennas which are designed for external uses only. Choose one of
them as per the individual requirement (Yagi, Dish, and so forth).

22. Question 22. Where Should I Install My Access Point?

Answer :

The co-location of an access point depends on the nature of the physical place where you need Wireless
LAN coverage. It also depends on the type of facility warehouse, office, conference room, home, and so
forth). The materials used in the physical place have an important role. Cisco strongly recommends
performing a site survey before any access point is placed.

23. Question 23. Does Cisco Provide Any Management Software Or A Device To Manage Multiple
Access Points (aps)?

Answer :

Yes. Cisco provides a management device know as Wireless LAN Solution Engine (ELSE) to manage
multiple APs. You can push configurations and upgrade firmware simultaneously for multiple APs. The
radio environment in which the APs operate can be monitored and controlled by the WISE by
periodically collecting RF information from the APs.

24. Question 24. What Is Dynamic Transmit Power Control (dtpc) And How Does It Work?

Answer :

DTPC is a beacon and probe information element that allows the access point to broadcast its transmit
power. Clients can use this information to automatically configure themselves to that power while
associated with that access point. In this manner, both devices transmit at the same level. The Cisco
Wireless IP Phone 7920 automatically adjusts its transmit power to the same level as the access point to
which it is associated.

BREW (Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless) Interview Questions

25. Question 25. What Is The Difference Between 802.3 Bridging And 802.11 Bridging?

Answer :

A bridge is a device that connects two or more networks. The bridges can be separated with the media
type they are connected with. If two wired networks are bridged together, then these are called 802.3
bridging while those which bridges the wireless network with the wired network are called 802.11
bridges. 802.3 frames differs in format and length that those of 802.11 frames. In order to communicate
between them, there should be a translation of frame from one format to another. Translation is usually
done by the access point.

26. Question 26. If I Wish To Install Antenna At Some Distance From An Access Point (ap), Which
Extension Cable Do I Need Between The Ap And The Antenna?

Answer :

There are two types of cable supplied by Cisco for mounting the antenna away from the radio unit LMR
600 type cable and LMR400 type cables. These are low loss cables designed for better efficiency.