Answers to exam-style questions

Topic 2
Where appropriate, 1 ✓ = 1 mark
  1 D
  2 C
  3 C
  4 D
  5 A
  6 D
  7 D
  8 A
  9 C
10 A
11 a i The equation applies to straight line motion with acceleration g. Neither condition is satisfied here. ✓
ii This equation is the result of energy conservation so it does apply since there are no frictional forces present. ✓
v2 4.8 2
b From v = 2 gh we find h = = = 1.174 ≈ 1.2 m. ✓
2 g 2 × 9.81
1 1
c i The kinetic energy at B is E = mv 2 = × 25 × 4.8 2 = 28.8 J. ✓
2 2
The frictional force is f = µ K N = µ Kmg = 0.45 × 25 × 9.81 = 110.36 N and so the work done by this
force is the change in the kinetic energy of the block, and so 110.36 × d = 28.8 ⇒ d = 0.261 ≈ 0.26 m . ✓
f 110.36
ii The deceleration is = = 4.41 m s −2, ✓
µ 25
and so 0 = 4.8 − 4.41 × t giving 1.1 s for the time. ✓

d The speed at B is independent of the mass. ✓

1 2 1 2 v2
fd = mv ⇒ µ Kmgd = mv ⇒ d = ,✓
2 2 2µ K
and so the distance is also independent of the mass. ✓
12 a i v x = v cos θ = 22 × cos 35° = 18.0 ≈ 18 m s −1 ✓
v y = v sin θ = 22 × sin 35° = 12.6 ≈ 13 m s −1 ✓

ii Graph as shown. ✓
vx / m s–1 20

15

10

0
0 1 2 3 4
t/s

physics for the IB Diploma © Cambridge University Press 2015 ANSWERS TO EXAM-STYLE QUESTIONS – Topic 2 1
 Graph as shown. ✓
vy / m s–1 20

10

0 t/s
1 2 3 4

–10

–20

–30
b i At maximum height: v y2 = 0 = uy2 − 2 gy . ✓
uy2
y= ✓
2g
12.6 2
and so y = = 8.1 m ✓
2 × 9.8
OR
v = 0 = v sin θ − gt 12.6 − 9.8t = 0 ✓
y
so t = 1.29 s ✓
1
Hence y = 12.6 × 1.29 − × 9.8 × 1.29 2 = 8.1 m ✓
2
ii The force is the weight, i.e. F = 0.20 × 9.8 = 1.96 ≈ 2.0 N. ✓
1 2 1
c i mu + mgh = mv 2 hence v = u 2 + 2 gh ✓
2 2
v = u 2 + 2 gh = 22 2 + 2 × 9.8 × 32 = 33.3 ≈ 32 m s −1 ✓

ii v 2 = v x2 + v y2 ⇒ v y = − v x2 − v x2 = − 33.32 − 18.0 2 = −28.0 m s −1 ✓
Now v y = uy sin θ − gt so −28.0 = 12.6 − 9.8 × t hence t = 4.1 s ✓
d i Smaller height. ✓
Smaller range. ✓
Steeper impact angle. ✓
y

ii The angle is steeper because the horizontal velocity component tends to become zero. ✓
Whereas the vertical tends to attain terminal speed and so a constant value. ✓
13 a i In 1 second the mass of air that will move down is ρ(π R 2v ). ✓
The change of its momentum in this second is ρ(π R 2v )v = ρπ R 2v 2. ✓
∆p
And from F = this is the force. ✓
∆t

2 ANSWERS TO EXAM-STYLE QUESTIONS – Topic 2 physics for the IB Diploma © Cambridge University Press 2015
 ii ρπ R 2v 2 = mg ✓
mg 0.30 × 9.8
And so v = 2 = = 3.53 ≈ 3.5 m s −1. ✓
ρπ R 1.2 × π × 0.252
b The power is P = Fv where F = ρπ R 2v 2 is the force pushing down on the air and so P = ρπ R 2v 2. ✓
So P = 1.2 × π × 0.252 × 3.532 = 2.936 ≈ 3.0 W ✓
c i From F = ρπ R 2v 2 the force is now 4 times as large, i.e. 4mg and so the net force on the helicopter is 3mg. ✓
1 2s
And so the acceleration is constant at 3g. Hence s = × 3 g × t 2 ⇒ t = ≈ 0.90 s. ✓
2 3g
2s
ii v = 3 gt = ✓
3g
−1
v ≈ 26 m s ✓
iii The work done by the rotor is W = Fd = 4mgd = 4 × 0.30 × 9.8 × 12 = 141 J. ✓
14 a i The area is the impulse i.e. 2.0×103 N s. ✓
ii The average force is found from F ∆ t = 2.0 × 10 3 N s. ✓
2.0 × 10 3
And so F = = 1.0 × 104 N. ✓
0.20
1.0 × 104
Hence the average acceleration is a = = 1.25 × 10 3 m s −2. ✓
8.0
iii The final speed is v = at = 1.25 × 10 3 × 0.20 = 250 m s −1. ✓
And so the average speed is 125 m s −1. ✓
1 2 1 3 2
iv s = at = × 1.25 × 10 × 0.20 ✓
2 2
s = 25 m ✓
b i The final speed is v = at = 1.25 × 10 3 × 0.20 , ✓
v = 250 m s −1 . ✓
1 1
ii The kinetic energy is E K = mv 2 = × 8.0 × 250 2 ✓
2 2
E K = 2.5 × 105 J ✓
E K 2.5 × 105
iii P = = ✓
t 0.20
6
P = 1.25 × 10 W ✓

15 a i It is zero (because the velocity is constant). ✓

ii F − mg sin θ − f = 0 ✓
F = mg sin θ + f = 1.4 × 104 × sin 5.0° + 600 ✓
F = 1820 N ✓
b The power used by the engine in pushing the car is P = Fv = 1820 × 6.2 = 1.13 × 104 W, ✓
P = 11.3 kW. ✓
11.3
The efficiency is then e = = 0.75 ✓
15

physics for the IB Diploma © Cambridge University Press 2015 ANSWERS TO EXAM-STYLE QUESTIONS – Topic 2 3
 c i Initial speed zero. ✓
Terminal speed. ✓
v

time
ii Initial acceleration not zero. ✓
And approaching zero. ✓
a

time
16 a i The change in momentum is ∆ p = 0.090 × (90 − 130), ✓
∆ p = −3.6 N s . ✓
ii This is also the negative change in the momentum of the block and so 1.20v = 3.6 N s
−1
giving v = 3.0 m s . ✓
1 1
iii The initial kinetic energy is E = mv 2 = × 0.090 × 130 2 = 422.5 J. ✓
2 2
1 1
The final kinetic energy is E = × 0.090 × 90 2 + × 1.20 × 3.0 2 = 369.9 J.  The change is then
2 2
∆E = 369.9 − 422.5 = −52.6 ≈ −53 J. ✓
1
b We have conservation of energy and so × m × 3.0 2 = m × 9.8 × h and so h = 0.459 m. ✓
2
But h = L − L cos θ and so 0.459 = 0.80 × (1 − cos θ ) ✓
giving cos θ = 0.426 and so θ = 64.77° ≈ 65° ✓
c i It is not because there is a net force on it. ✓

mg

v2
ii From the diagram, T − mg cos θ = m . ✓
L
But v = 0 and so T = mg cos θ = 1.20 × 9.8 × cos 64.77° = 5.0 N . ✓
T = 5.0 N. ✓

4 ANSWERS TO EXAM-STYLE QUESTIONS – Topic 2 physics for the IB Diploma © Cambridge University Press 2015