ëjrhskaf.

a ls%hdldß;ajfha iïuq;sh

cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh úiska 2007 § iïu;

l< ëjrhskaf.a l%shdldÍ;ajh ms<sn| iñuq;sfha
újrKhla

m%ldYKh cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh

2019 ckjdß

• 01 •
 cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh úiska 2007 oS iïu; l< ëjr
ld¾ñlhskaf.a l%shdldÍ;ajh ms<sn| iñuq;sfha újrKhla

fuu fmd;a msxp u.ska jir 2007 cqks udifha oS iaúái¾,ka;fha

ðkSjd kqjr msysá f,dal lïlre ixúOdkfha cd;Hka;r
lïlre iuq¿fú 96 jeks ieisjdrfhaoS iïu; lr.;a ëjrhskaf.a
l%shdldÍ;ajh ms<sn| iïuq;sh .ek flá újrKhla isÿlsÍug
wfmalaId lruq'

kuq;a fuu fmdf;a wka;¾.;h u.ska wod, iïuq;sfha wvx.=

lreKq ms<sn|j hï w¾: l:khla lsÍug fyda fuu iïuq;sfha
wvx.=j we;s ienE j.ka;s j,g lsishï wdfoaYlhla isÿ lsÍug fyda
wfmalaId fkdlruq' fuu w;afmd; ;=,ska ienE f,iu wms W;aidy
orkqfha wod, iïuq;sfha we;s kqmqreÿ lreKq ms<sn|j wjfndaOhla ,nd
oSug;a f,dal lïlre ixúOdkh yd f,dal lïlre iuq¿j ms<sn|j
wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug yd ëjrhskag wod, .eg¿ ms<sn|j hï
wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug;afú'

úfYaIfhkau fuu fmd;a msxp u.ska ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk

rgj, iq¿mkak ëjr l¾udka;h wdYS%; ixúOdk j,g yd ëjr
ld¾ñlhkag fuu iïuq;sfha we;s jeo.;alu yd m%;s,dN ms<sn|j
wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug iyh ùu wfmalaId lruq'

• 02 •
 mgqk
1' ye|skaùu ëjr ld¾ñlhka i|yd 2007 iïuq;sh hkq l=ulao@'''''''''''''''''' 05

2' cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 06

• cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh hkq l=ulao@

• cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh isÿlrk ld¾hh l=ulao@
• cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha jHqyh l=ulao@
• lïlrejkaf.ajd;djrKh by, kexùu i|yd cd;Hka;r lïlre
ixúOdkh i;= fuj,ñ fudkjdo@
• cd;Hka;r lñlre ixúOdkh hï iñuq;shla fyda ks¾foaYhla iñu;
lr.kafka flfiao@

3' cd;Hka;r lñlre ixúOdkh iy ëjr lafIa;%h''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 12

• cd;Hka;r lñlre ixúOdkh ëjr lafIa;%fha ueosy;aùu

• j;auka ëjr iïuq;sh ;=, ëjr lïlre m%ñ;Ska ieliSu i|yd
cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh isÿl< ld¾hh Ndrh

4' ëjr ld¾ñlhka i|yd 2007 iïuq;sh'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 15

• ëjr ld¾ñlhka i|yd 2007 iïuq;sfha we;s iqúfYaIS jeo.;alu

l=ulao@
• ëjr ld¾ñlhka i|yd 2007 iïuq;sh hgf;a we;s m%Odk wjYH;djhka
fudkjdo@
• ëjr ld¾ñlhka i|yd 2007 iïuq;f
s ha we;s wruqKq bgqlr .ekSug we;s
ksYÑ
a ; m%ldYK fudkjdo@
• ëjr ld¾ñlhka i|yd 2007 iïuq;sfha jHqyh l=ulao@
• ëjr ld¾ñlhka i|yd 2007 iïuq;sh m%.;sYS,Sj Èh;a lsÍu i|yd
we;s Wmdh ud¾.sl ls%hdj,sh

5' iq¿mkak ëjr ld¾ñlhska yd mdrïmßl ëjrhska ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 22

• iq¿mkak ëjr ld¾ñl lafIa;%fha mjd lïlrejkaf.a lïlre m%ñ;Ska
ms<sn|j ie,ls,su;a ùfñ jeo.;a jkafka wehs@
• ëjr ld¾ñlhka i|yd 2007 iïuq;sh u.ska iq¿mkak ëjr ld¾ñlhska
iy tlS ëjr hd;%djkag m%;s,dN ,efnkafka flfiao@
• ëjr ld¾ñlhka i|yd 2007 iïuq;sh u.ska ëjr lafIa;%fha yd ëjr
hd;%d ms<sn|j we;s ish¿u wxYhka wdjrKh lrkafkao@

• 03 •
 • ëjr ld¾ñlhka i|yd 2007 iïuq;sh ;=,ska fjr<dYS%; ëjr lafIa;%fha
ish¿u wxYhka wdjrKh lrñka m%;s,dN ,efnkafkaao@
• ëjr ld¾ñlhka i|yd 2007 iïuq;sh u.ska ,eìh hq;= m%;s,dN
ksismßÈ fjr<dYS%; ëjrhska fj; ,nd.ekSu i|yd ëjr ld¾ñlhska
iy isú,a iudc ixúOdk úiska isÿl< hq;=foa fudkjdo@

6' bÈß ls%hdud¾.''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 25

• ëjr ld¾ñlhka i|yd jk 2007 iïuq;sh iïu; lr ls%hd;aul lsÍu
i|yd idudðl rdcHhka úiska isÿl< hq;=hehs wfmalaId lrk lreKq
fudkjdo@
• ëjr ld¾ñlhka i|yd 2007 iïuq;sfha wvx.= lreKq ls%hd;aul lsÍu
i|yd ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj,g wod,j iqúfYaIS j.ka;s
wvx.= fõo@
• ëjr ld¾ñlhka i|yd 2007 iïuq;sh Èh;a lsÍu iy;sl lsÍu
i|yd ëjr ld¾ñlhska iy isú,a iudc ixúOdk úiska isÿl< hq;=foa
fudkjdo@

7' ksudj ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 28

• ksÍCIK yd ks.uk

• 04 •
 1' ye|skaùu
ëjr ld¾ñlhka i|yd 2007 iïuq;sh hkq l=ulao@

2007 j¾IfhaoS cd;Hkalr lïlre ixúOdkfha cd;Hka;r lïlre iuq¿fõoS

rchka" lïlrejka yd fiajHhkaf.a ixúOdk iu. tlaù ëjr lafIa;%h i|yd kj
m%ñ;Ska ilialr iïu; lrk ,§' fuu iïuq;sfha wruqK jkafka¦

 ëjr hd;%djkays fiajh lsÍfïoS ëjr ld¾ñlhska i|yd wjYH wju myiqlï
,efnk njg iy;sl lsÍu

 ukd fiajd ;;ajhka ,ndoSu" wdydr yd kjd;eka myiqlï ,ndoSu

 jD;a;suh wdrlaIdj iy fi!LHh myiqlï iemhSu

 ffjoH wdrlaIdj iy iudc wdrlaIKh

 tfukau iïuq;Skag wkq.; ùu iy n,d;aul lsÍuo we;=,;ah

fuu iïuq;sfha m%Odk b,lal lKavdhu jkqfha Oc rdcHhkah' tkï ëjr lghq;=
isÿlrk m%foaYh ie,ls,a,g fkd.kakd kuq;a tlS ëjr hd;%d ,shdmÈxÑ ù we;s
yd tajdg wod, kS;suh moku iys; rdcHh Oc rdcHh f,i ye|skafõ' tfukau
fuu iïuq;sh jrdh rdcHhkago wod,fõ' jrdh rdcHhka hkq cd;sl;ajh ms<sn|
ie,ls,a,la fkdolajñka tajdfha kS;suh rduqj ;=, jd¾;d l< hq;= rdcHhka jrdh
rdcHhkafõ'

• 05 •
 2' cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh
cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh hkq@

cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh hkq tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkhg wh;ajk lïlre

whs;Ska ms<sn|j yd tu lafIa;%fha jev lrk ck;djf.a /lshd wjia:djka hym;a
;;ajhg m;a lsÍu i|yd;a" lïlrejkag iudk wjia:djka ,ndoSug;a" iudc
wdrlaIKhka i,id oSug;a" n,y;aldÍ lïlre fiajhg tfrysj;a" ixúOdk.;
ùug we;s whs;sh;a iy wju jhia iSud ms<sn|j ;SrK lsÍug;a cd;Hka;r m%ñ;Ska
ilik wdh;khhs"

cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh ia:dms; lrk ,oafoa m,uq f,dal hqoaOh yudrùu;a
iu.u 1919 j¾Ifha §h" fuys woyi jQfha ;sridr iduhla ia:dms; lsÍu isÿl<
yelafla jev lrk ck;djg hym;aj ie,lSfuka muklah hk úYaùh o¾YKh
mokï lr .ksñks'

cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh hkq 1946 oS tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkfha uq,skau

ia:dms; l< úfYaIs; ixúOdkh la jk w;r j¾fia,aia iïuq;sh ksid ìysù yd
cd;Skaf.a ix.ufhka f.dvke.qkq ixúOdk w;ßka wo olajd fkdkeiS mj;sk
ixúOdkho fõs'

1969 oS cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh ish 50 jk cqì,sh ieurE w;r tu jif¾oS

fkdan,a ;Hd.fhkao msÿï,nk ,§' udkj .re;ajh" wdrlaIdj" iudkd;au;djh"
ldka;djkag yd mqreIhskag ukd iy ksoyia jd;djrKhla we;s lr.ekSu i|yd
M,odhl ld¾hh Ndrhla bgqlsÍu;a i|yd wjia:djka osß.ekaùu i|yd cd;Hka;r
lïlre ixúOdkh lemù isà'

cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha m%Odk b,lalh jkqfha /lshdfõoS whs;Ska osß.

ekaùug;a" hym;a /lshd wjia:djka osß.ekaùug;a" iudc wdrlaIKh m%j¾Okhg;a"
/lshd wdYS%; .eg¿ ms<sn| ixjdoh osß.ekaùug;a h'

• 06 •
iudc idOdrK;ajh yd cd;Hka;rj ms,s.;a udkj ysñlï yd lïlre
whs;Ska

osß.kajk w;ru ixúOdkfha wdrïNl fufyjr f,i yÿkd.;a iuDoaêh i|yd

lïlre iduh mj;ajd .ekSug wLKavj ls%hd;aulfõ' j¾;udkfha cd;Hka;r
lïlre ixúOdkh u.ska hym;a ^ukd& /lshd wjia:djka ks¾udKh lsÍug mshjr
.kakd w;ru" ;srir iduh" fi!Nd.Hh iy m%.;sh i|yd jk wd¾:sl yd /lshd
i|yd jev lrk lïlre ck;djg iy jHjidhlhkag wjia:djla i,id oSug
WmldÍfõ'

cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha idudðlhska jkqfha rdcHhkah' 2007 foieïn¾ ui

20 jk úg tys idudðl ixLHdj 181 la úh'

cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh u.ska isÿlrkqfha l=ulao@

cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh u.ska uQ,sl lïlre whs;Ska ys wju m%ñ;Ska ieliSu
i|yd ks¾foaY fyda iïuq;Ska wd§ l%ufõohka u.ska cd;Hka;r lïlre m%ñ;Ska
ieliSu isÿlrhs' ixúOdkh ùug we;s whs;sh" /iaùug we;s ksoyi" iduQyslj
b,a,Sï Èkd.ekSug ls%hd lsÍu" n,y;aldß Y%uh iQrdlEu msgqoelSu" iudk wjia:d
ie,iSu yd ie,lSu;a iy /lshdjkaf.a .eg¿ j,g wod, iuia: ls%hdj,sfha iïu;
;;ajhka md,kh lsÍu i|yd ls%hd;aulfõ'

w;HjYHfhkau cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh u.ska lïlrejkaf.a ;;ajh

j¾Okh i|yd my; mshjrhka isÿlrkq ,nhs' /lshdj lsÍfï ld, iSudj
md,kh lsÍu" frda.S ùug tfrysj lïlrejka wdrlaId lsÍu" /lshdj ksid
yg .kakd fndajk frda.S ;;ajhkaf.ka yd ;=jd, j,ska wdrlaId lsÍu" ;ukaf.a
fkdjk rgj, fiajfha kshq;= fiajlhskag ;ukaf.a wjYH;djhka i|yd wjYH
iyh ,ndoSu iy fiajlhska i|yd iudc wdrlaIKh i,idoSu isÿlrkq ,nhs'

cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh u.ska my; ioyka lafIa;% j,§ ;dlaIKsl

iyh ,ndfoa¦

 jD;a;suh mqyqKqj iy jD;a;suh mqkre;a;dmkh

 /lshdfõ m%;sm;a;Ska ieliSfïoS

 lïlre mßmd,kfhaoS

• 07 •
  lïlre kS;sh yd ld¾ñl ino;djhkaysoS

 /lshdfõ úúO ;;ajhkaysoS

 l<ukdlrK ixj¾OkfhaoS

 iuQmldrhkaysoS

 iudc wdrlaIKh

 lïlre ixLHd f,aLK j,§

 jD;a;suh wdrlaIdj yd fi!LHh

cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh u.ska iajdëk fiajH yd lïlre ixúOdk

f.dvke.Su i|yd osß.kajkq ,efì' tfukau fuu ixúOdk i|yd mqyqKq yd
WmfoaYK fiajd iemhSuo isÿlrhs' tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkh ;=, cd;Hka;r
lïlre ixúOdkhg mukla wdfõksljk ;%hs md¾Yaùh jHqyhla mj;S' tysoS
ydïmq;=kaf.a ixúOdk" jD;a;Sh iñ;s yd rch iudk yjq,alrejka fia i,ld
l%shdldÍjk mßmd,k moaO;shla mj;S'

cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha ixúOdk jHqyh l=ulao@

cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha jHqyh f,i cd;Hka;r lïlre iuq¿j"md,k

uKav,h iy cd;Hka;r lïlre ld¾hd,h mj;S'

cd;Hka;r lïlre iuq¿j idudkHfhka cd;Hka;r lïlre md¾,sfïka;=j f,i

ye|skafjk w;r fuh iEu jirlu cqks ui oS ðkSjd kqjr §oS /iafõ' tla idudðl
rdcHhl ksfhdað; uKav,hg rdcHh ksfhdackh lrñka fofofkl=;a ydïmq;=kaf.a
yd lïlrejkaf.a tla ksfhdað;fhl= ne.skao iyNd.sfõ' cd;Hka;r lïlre
m%ñ;Ska ieliSu yd iïu; lr.ekSu cd;Hka;r lïlre iuq¿fõ§ isÿflf¾' tfiau
cd;Hka;r lïlre iuq¿fõ§ cd;sl uÜgñka cd;Hka;r iñuq;Ska yd ks¾foaY
ls%hd;aul jk wdldrh wëlaIKh lsÍu isÿflf¾'

• 08 •
cd;Hka;r lïlre iuq¿fõ kHdh m;%h ;SrKh lrkqfha mßmd,k
uKav,hhs'

cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha by,u ;SrK .kakd jHqyh yd úOdhl ljqkais,h

mßmd,k uKav,hhs' mßmd,k uKav,h u.ska cd;Hka;r lïlre m%ñ;Ska Èh;a
lsÍu ms<sn|j mÍlaId flf¾' mßmd,k uKav,h jirlg ;=ka jrla ðkSjd ys§ /
iaù cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha m%;sm;a;suh ;SrK .kq ,nk w;r ixúOdkfha
jev igyk iy whjeh ilid cd;Hka;r lïlre iuq¿j fj; wkque;sh i|yd
bÈßm;a lrhs' mßmd,k uKav,h u.ska tys wOHlaI ckrd,a jrhdo Pkaofhka
f;dard .kq ,nhs' mßmd,k uKav,h 56 fofkl=f.ka iukaú; w;r thska 28 fofkl=
rdcHhka ksfhdackfhka yd wksl=;a 28 fokd ydïmq;=ka yd lïlrejka w;r iudk
ksfhdackhlska iukaú;h' rchka ksfhdackh lrk ksfhdað ­ ;hska w;ßka 10 fofkl=
m%Odk ld¾ñl jeo.;a lu i,ld f;dard.kakd w;r j¾;udkfha§ n%iS,h"bxÈhdj
iy Ökh hk ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj,a w;ßka f;dardf.k we;'

cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha ;%hs md¾Yaúl jHqyh iukaú; ùwe;af;a ydïmq;=kaf.a

ksfhdackh lïlre ksfhdackh yd rchkaf.a ksfhdackhkag iudk wjia:d ,nd
foñks'

cd;Hka;r lïlre ld¾hd,hcd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha iaÒridr ld¾hdxYh

fõ' th cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha iuia: l%shdldÍ;ajhka ys m%Odk kdNSh
,laIh f,i ye|skaúh yelsh' fï ish,a, isÿlrkqfha miajirla i|yd f;dard
m;alr .kakd kuq;a h,s;a f;aÍ m;aùug iqÿiqlï we;s wOHlaI ckrd,a jrhdf.a
kdhl;ajh hgf;a iy mßmd,k uKav,fha wëlaIKh hgf;ahs'

fuu ðkSjd uQ,ia:dkfha fiajh i|yd cd;sl;ajhka 110 la ksfhdackh lrñka 1900
l msßila fiajh i|yd fhdojd we;s w;r ;j;a 40 l lafIa;% ks<Odß msßila o
f,dj mqrd fiajfha ksr;fõ'

cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha ;%hs md¾Yaúl jHqyh hkq l=ulao@

cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh ;%hs md¾Yaúl ke;fyd;a ;=ka jeoEreï ;SrK

.kakd hdka;%Khla u.ska rch ydïmq;=ka iy lïlrejka yg ;Skaÿ .ekSug iudk
wjia:d ,ndfok jHqyhla yd l%shdldÍ;ajhla f.dvk.d we;' cd;Hka;r lïlre
ixúOdkfha ;%hs md¾Yaúl jHqyh ;=, idudðl rgj, rchkag ydïmq;=kaf.a iy
lïlre jkaf.a ixúOdkj,g we;=,;aùug bv i,id we;' cd;Hka;r lïlre

• 09 •
ixúOdkfha jHjiA:dj ;=, ;%hsmd¾Yaúl ksfhdackh u.ska rcfha ksfhdað;hska
fofofkl=g ydïmq;=kaf.a ksfhdað;fhl=g iy lïlre ksfhdað;fhl=g yd Tjqkaf.a
WmfoaYlhkag cd;Hka;r lïlre iuq¿j ksfhdackhg bv ,nd§ we;' ydïmq;=kaf.a
iy lïlre ksfhdað;fhl= f;dard .ekSfï§ jvd;a by,u idudðlhka ixLHdjla
ksfhdackh lrk ydïmq;=kaf.a ix.ufhka yd lïlre ix.ufhka ksfhdað;hska
f;dard .ekSug mshjr .;hq;= w;r fuh wod, idudðl rdcHh ueosy;aùfuka
isÿl< hq;=h'

lïlrejkaf.a ;;ajhka j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd cd;Hka;r lïlre

ixúOdkh i;= fuj,ï fudkjdo@

lïlrejkaf.a ;;ajhka j¾Okh i|yd cd;Hka;r lïlre iuq¿fõ§ iïu;

lr.;a cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh i;=j we;s fuj,ï iïuq;Ska fyda ks¾foaY
f,imj;Ss' fïjd u.ska cd;Hka;rj ms,sf.k we;s uQ,O¾u yd iudc m%;sm;a;Skays
wruqKq fukau ish¿u ld¾hhkag wod,jk cd;Hka;r m%ñ;Ska o wka;¾.;fõ'
cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha cd;Hka;r iïuq;Ska hkq cd;Hka;r tl.;djk
w;r idudðl rdcHhka u.ska iïu; l< hq;=h' ks¾foaY hkq fkdneÿkq fuj,ïjk
w;r fndfydaúg fïjdo iïuq;Ska fukau cd;sl m%;sm;a;s yd ls%hd ud¾. ieliSu
i|yd u.fmkaùula isÿlrhs' kuq;a fuu wdldr folskau wfmalaId lrkqfha f,dj
mqrd lïlrejkaf.a ;;ajh j¾Okh i|yd ksYaÑ; n,mEula isÿlsÍughs'

cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh iïuq;shla fyda ks¾foaYhla iïu;

lr.kafka flfiao@

hï iïuq;shla fyda ks¾foaYhla iïu; lr.ekSug fmr ta ms<sn|j .eUqre

;dlaIKsl wOHhkhla yd m%udKd;aul WmfoaYK l%shdj,shla ;u idudðl rgj,a
iu. Èh;alsÍug cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh u.ska mshjr .kS' cd;Hka;r
lïlre iuq¿j u.ska fuu ld¾hh wOHhkh lr fhda.H ks¾foaY yd wod, lreKq
jd¾;d lsÍu i|yd WmfoaYl lñgq m;alrkq we;' fuu jd¾;d ,enqkq miq iïu;
lr .ekSug wfmalaIs; ks¾foaY fyda iïuq;Ska ms<sn|j cd;Hka;r lïlre iuq¿j
u.ska iïu; lr .ekSug i,ld n,kq we;' bka wk;=rej iïuq;sfha fyda ks¾foaYfha
wka;¾.; lreKq ms<sn|j wjidk lreKq ieliSu i|yd flgqïm;a lsÍfï lñgqjg
Ndrfokq ,efì'

• 10 •
cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha jHjia:dfõ 19 jk j.ka;sh u.ska fmkajd§ we;s
mßÈ cd;Hka;r lïlre iuq¿j u.ska wod, ks¾foaYh fyda iïuq;sh i|yd wjika
Pkao úuiSu isÿflfrkq we;' hï ks¾foaYhla fyda iïuq;shla iïu; lr.ekSu
i|yd cd;Hka;r lïlre iuq¿jg iyNd.sjk rdcH ksfhdað;hska w;ßka ;=fkka
follf.a nyq;r Pkao ,nd.ekSfuka isÿl< hq;=h'

iïuq;Ska rdcHhka u.ska iïu; lsÍu fyda úêu;a wkque;shla ,nd .ekSu isÿl<
hq;=h' fufia hï fuj,ula i|yd wkque;sh ,ndÿka rdcHhla ;uka fuu fuj,u
wvx.= lreKq ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd .;a mshjr tkï fuu fuj,u u; mokïj
cd;sl m%;sm;a;shla ieliSu jeks lreKq ms<sn|j cd;Hka;r lïlre ld¾hd,hg
jd¾ISlj jd¾;djla bÈßm;a l< hq;=h' tfiau idudðl rdcHhka ;uka iïu;
fkdl< úúO iïuq;Ska ms<sn|jo jd¾;d bÈßm;a l< hq;=j we;'

kuq;a ks¾foaYhka ms<sn|j kS;suh ne|Sula fkdue;' tneúka tajd u.ska rdcHhkag
iqúfYaIS ls%hdud¾. .ekSug fjfyila fkdue;' tajd u.ska isÿlrkqfha rdcHfha
iudc m%;sm;a;Ska ieliSu i|yd wjYH u. fmkajSula isÿ lsÍuhs'

• 11 •
 3' cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh iy ëjr lafIa;%h
ëjr lafIa;%h iu. cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha l%shdldÍ;ajh
l=ulao@

ëjr lafIa;%fha lïlre jkaf.a ;;ajh j¾Okh lsÍug wod,j cd;Hka;r lïlre
ixúOdkfha Wkkaÿj 1920 olajd osfõ' tkï ëjr l¾udka;fha ld¾ñlhka f.a
jev lrk meh .kka iSud lsÍu ms<sn|j ks¾foaYh 1920 b;d,sfha fcfkdajd
kqjr§ meje;scd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha cd;Hka;r lïlre uiuq¿fõ fojk
ieisjdrfha§ iïu; lr .ekSfuks' tu.ska fhdackd lrk ,oafoa Èklg meh 8 la
fyda i;shg meh 48 l iïu; ;;ajhla mj;ajd .ekSug tjeks l%shdldÍ;ajhla
fkdue;s wjia:djkays§ b,lal lr.; hq;= njhs'

jir 40 lg wdikak ld,iSudjl § cd;Hka;r lïlre iuq¿j u.ska ëjr l¾udka;h

wdYS%; iïuq;Ska 3 la iïu; lr.kakd ,§' tajdkï 1959 wxl 112 ork ëjrhskaf.a
wju jhia iSud ms<sn| iïuq;sh" 1959 wxl 113" ork ëjrhskaf.a ffjoH mÍCIK
ms<sn| iïuq;sh iy 1959 wxl 114 ork ëjrhskaf.a .súiqï ms<sn| iïuq;sho fú'

wxl 112 ork ëjr iïuq;sh ish¿u jdKsc ëjr hd;%djkag wod, jk w;r fuu
ëjr hd;%dj, jhi wjqreÿ 15 g wvq jhia iSudfõ orejka /lshdfõ ksr; lrùu
;ykï lr we;' kuq;a fhda.H fi!LHh yd fN!;sl ;;ajhka mj;S kï jhi
wjqreÿ 14 g fkd wvq orejka jqqjo /lshdfõ ksr; lrúh yelsh'

wxl 113 ork iïuq;sho jdKscuh ëjr hd;%djkag wod, jk kuq;a uy uqyqfoa Èk
3 lg wvq ld,hla uqyqfoa /fok hd;%djkag fuh wod, fkdfõ' fuu iïuq;sh u.ska
êjrfhl= Tyq fyda weh hd;%djl fiajh iemhSu i|yd ;uka fhda.H nj ioyka
fhda.H;d iy;slhla ,nd .ekSu l< hq;=h'

wxl 114 ork iïuq;sh uy uqyqfoa iuyrla jdKsc ëjr hd;%d i|yd mukla"
wod, jk w;r ydïmq;=ka iy ëjr ld¾ñlhskaf.a ksfhdað;hskaf.a WmfoaYK
ls%hdj,shlska tl.jk mßÈ iuyrla hd;%d j,g wod, lr fkd.ekSugo yelshdj
we;'

cd;sl rcfha kS;s Í;sj,g wkqj ëjr ld¾ñlhka yd ëjr hd;%d ysñhka w;r
meyeos,s fyda wmeyeos,s fukau ksIaÑ; fyda ksIaÑ; fkdjk" hï ld,iSudjlg
wod,j fyda ëjr .uka jdrhlg wod,j iïuq;sfha j.ka;Ska i|yd tl.;djhg
w;aika ;eìh hq;=h' fjk;a lreKq w;r wod, j.ka;Ska ys wka;¾.;fha ëjr
• 12 •
hd;%dfú .ukajdrhl§ ,ndÈh hq;= i,dlfha m%udKh fukau .ukajdrh i|yd
,ndfok f.ùfï m%udKh yd th ,ndfok wdldrh fukau fuu tl.;djfhka
bj;a jk wdldrho igyka lr ;eìh hq;=h'

2007 § iïu; lr.;a ëjr ld¾ñlhskaf.a iïuq;shg fmr 1966 § o wjika jrg
ëjr iïuq;shla ilid we;' tajdkï 1966 wxl 125 ork ëjr ld¾ñlhskaf.a
fhda.H;d iy;slh iy 1966 wxl 126 ork iusuq;sh u.ska ëjr hd;%dfú ëjr
ld¾ñlhskaf.a kjd;eka ms<sn| iy;slhhs'

wfkl=;a lreKq w;r fuu iïuq;sh u.ska fjr<dikak ëjr l¾udka;h iy ëjr
ld¾ñlhka iy ,shd mÈxÑ o< nr fgdka 25 g wvq ëjr hd;%d jka ms<sn|j fuu
iïuq;sfhka ksoyia lr we;'

tfukau fojk iïuq;shg os.ska óg¾ 13'7 g wvq hd;%d i|yd wod, lr fkd.efka'
jvd;a nyq,ju fuu iñuq;Ska ld¾ñl hd;%djkays ëjr fufyhqï i|yd fhdodf.k
we;s njg idlaIs we;'

iïuq;s wxl 126 u.ska ëjr ld¾ñlhskaf.a kjd;eka ms<sn|j wjYH miqìu ilik
w;r iñuq;s wxl 125 u.ska fuu iïuq;sh iïu; lrf.k we;s idudðl rgj,a
u.ska lñlrejkaf.a whs;Ska ms<sno m%ñ;Ska ilia l< hq;= w;r úfYaIfhkau
hd;%dfú kshuqjdg ëjr ld¾ñl fhda.H;d iy;slhla ,nd .ekSug" ëjr hd;%dfõ
bxðfkarefjl= isàu iy;sl lsÍug wd§ jYfhka úúOjQ lreKq wka;¾.;h'

1966 wxl 126 ork ëjr ld¾ñlhka jD;a;suhj mqyqKq lsÍu ms<sn|j we;s
ks¾foaYfha ioyka mßÈ ëjrhskaf.a idudkH mqyqKq tkñ WodyrKhla f,ihd;%d
meoùu" ëjr lghq;=j, kssr;ùu" hd;%d w¿;a jevshdj yd kv;a;=j iy uy uqyqfoa
wdrlaIdjo we;=,;ah'

iuyrla uyuqyqfoa iïuq;Ska ys wvx.= lreKq u.ska jdKsc ëjr hd;%d i|ydo
Wmfhda.S lr .; yelsh' ta wkqj 1936 wxl 55 ork keõ ysñhkaf.a j.lSu
ms<sn|j tkï .ekshkaf.a wikSm yd ;=jd,ùï ms<sn| iïuq;sh WodyrKhla
f,i .; yels w;r fjr< woaor hd;%d yer wfkl=;a ëjr hd;%d i|yd wod,fõ'
fuhg wu;rj 1987 wxl 163 ork uqyqfoa /lshdj lrkakkaf.a iqNidOkh ms<sn|
iïuq;sh" 1987 wxl 164 ork uqyqfoa /lshdj lrkakkaf.a fi!LHh iqrlaIs;;djh
yd 1987 wxl 165 ork ffjoH wdrlaIKh yd uqyqfoa /lshdfõ ksr; ld¾ïlhskaf.a
wdrlaIdj ms<sn| ixfYdaê; iïuq;sh;a" 1987 wxl 166 ork uyuqyqfoa ld¾ñlhka
ish rg heùu ms<sn| ixfYdaê; iïuq;sh;a" 1996 wxl 178 ork lïlrejka mÍlaId
• 13 •
lsÍu ms<sn| iïuq;sh;a" 1996 wxl 179 ork uyuqyqfoa ld¾ñlhka nojd .ekSu yd
ia:dk.; lsÍu ms<sn| iïuq;sh" iy 1996 wxl 180 ork uyuqyqfoa ld¾ñlhskaf.a
fiajfha meh.kka ms<sn| iïuq;sho uy uqyqfoa ls%hd;aul jk ld¾ñl ëjr hd;%d
i|yd wod, lr .; yels wfkl=;a iïuq;Ska w;rfõ'

kj lïlre m%ñ;Ska ieliSu i|yd cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh u.ska

isÿl< ld¾hh Ndrh l=ulao@

jir 2002 ud¾;=fõ§ cd;Hka; r lïlre ixúOdkfha cd;Hka ; r lïlre

iuq¿ fõ 283 jeks ieis jdrfha§ ëjr la f Ia ; % f ha l% s hdldÍ;a j h ms < s n|j we;s
ks¾foaYhkao we;=, ;a jk mßÈ yd thg wu;r lreKq o we;= ,;a jk mßÈ
mßmQ¾ K m%ñ;Ska iys; iïuq; sh la we;s l < hq ; = njgfhda c kdjla cd;Hka ; r
lïlre iuq¿ fõ kHdh m;%h g cd;Hka; r lïlre ixúOdkfha md,k uKa v,h
u.ska we;=,;a lrk ,§' kj m%ñ ;Sk a ieliS f ï wruq K jQ f ha oekgu;a ls % hd;a u l
jk iïuq;Ska yf;ka 1966 ëjr ld¾ñlhs k a f .a fhda . H;d iy;s l h ,nd.
ekSu ms< sn| iïuq; sh yer wfkl=; a iïuq ; S k a yhu ixfYda Okh ls Í ug ms hjr
.ekSuhs' fuys§ ëjr hd;%d j, /lsh dfõ ks r ;jk ms ß i uq y q K fok kj .eg¿
ms< sn|j wjOdkh fhduql< w;r ëjr ld¾ñlhs k a f .a jD;a ; S u h wdrla I dj iy
fi!LHh;a" iudc wdrlaIKh;a fuys§ ie,ls ,a ,g .ka k d ,§'

2007 wxl 188 ork ëjrhskaf.a l%shdldÍ;ajh ms<sn| iïuq;sh 2007 jif¾§ ðkSjd
kqjr mej;s cd;Hka;r lñlre iuq¿fõ 96 jeks ieisjdrfha§ iïu; lrk ,o
w;r thg wu;r iyhla imhñka 2007 wxl 199 ork ëjrhskaf.a l%shdldÍ;ajh
ms<sn| ks¾foaYho tys§ iïu; lrk ,§' fï i|yd 2004 yd 2005 jirj,§ mej;s
cd;Hka;r lïlre iuq¿fõ ëjr lafIa;%fha ;dlaIKsl ieisjdr j,§ bÈßm;a l<
wka;¾.;h i|ydjk lreKq yd tu wjia:dj, mej;s ixjdohkaf.a m%;sM,hla
f,i;a' bka wk;=rej 2007 jif¾ cd;Hka;r lïlre iuq¿fõ ëjr lafIa;%fha
lñgqfõ§ idudðl rgj,a j, ksfhdað;hka iy ydïmq;=kaf.a ksfhdað;hka bÈßm;a
l< ixfYdaOko ie,ls,a,g .ksñka iïuq;sh ilid .kakd ,§'

2007 ëjr ld¾ñlhkaf.a l%shdldÍ;ajh ms<sn| iïuq;sh n,d;aul ùu i|yd

rdcHhka 10 la wkqu; lr jirl ld,hla .; úh hq;= w;r th wkqu; l<
rdcHhkaf.ka 8 lau cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha ,shdmÈxÑ ù we;s rdcHhka
úh hq;=h'

• 14 •
 4' ëjr ls%hdldrlï i|yd cd;Hka;r iïuq;sh 2007
2007 ëjr ls%hdldrlï i|yd cd;Hka;r iïuq;sfha we;s iqúfYaIS
jeo.;a lu l=ulao@

fuhg fmr cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh u.ska ëjr lafIa;%fha ëjr

ld¾ñlhkaf.a lïlre m%ñ;Ska ms<sn| iïuq;shla iïu; lrf.k jir 40 la muk
.;ù we;;a" th n,d;aul lsÍu i|yd rdcHhka tajd wkqu; lsÍu b;du;a fiñka
isÿù we;' óg wu;rj l<ska iïu; lr.;a iïuq;Ska ;j ÿrg;a uq¿ukskau j,x.=
fkdjk w;r j¾;udkfha mj;sk ëjr fufyhqïj, iajNdjh mokï lr.ksñka
hdj;ald,Sk l< hq;=h'

2006 § iïu; lr.;a uy uqyqfoa lïlre iïuq;sh ksid uqyqfoa ls%hd;aul jdKsc
ëjr hd;%d ms<sn| wod, iïuq;Ska j, j,x.=;djho wfydaisù we;' tu.ska uy
uqyqfoa iïuq;Ska ixfYdaOkh lrñka isÿlr we;af;a ëjr hd;%d ms<sn|j we;s n,
jmißh bka bj;a lsÍug mshjr .ekSuhs'

cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha 2007 uy uqyqfoa ëjr ls%hdldrlï ms<sn| iïuq;sh

u.ska ëjr lïlre m%ñ;Ska ixfYdaOkh lrñka" uy uqyqfoa iïuq;Ska ys ëjr
hd;%d i|yd fhda.H flgqïm;a we;=,;a lrñka" miq.sh oYl 4 l ld,iSudfõoS
ëjr lafIa;%fha isÿjQ fjkialï i|yd m%ñ;Ska ilik l%ufõohka iliñka yd
hdj;ald,Sk lrñka iy uqyqfoa lïlre iïuq;sfha úYh lafIa;%hg wh;a fkdjqkq
yd fkdi,ld yeÍ ëjr hd;%d ms<sn| lreKq we;=,;a lr ilid fuùwe;'

j;auka wd¾Òl yd fj<o f.da,ShlrK ls%hdj,sh ;=, fndfyduhla ixj¾Okh jk

rgj, ëjr hd;%d ;u rgj, wkkH wd¾Òl l<dmfha mukla fkdj cd;Hka;r
uqyqfoa yd wka rgj, uqyqÿ iSudj,o ëjr /lshdfõ ksr;fõ' tfukau fndfyduhla
ixj¾ê; rgj, ëjr hd;%djka ys fiajh i|yd ixj¾Okh jk rgj, ëjr
ld¾ñlhska fhdojd .ekSfï iqúfYaIS j¾Okhlao olakg we;' fï jd;djrKh
;=, 2007 ëjr ls%hdldrlï i|yd jk iïuq;sh ëjrhskaf.a lïlre .eg¿ i|yd
w¾:dkaú;j ueosy;a ùug m%fhdackj;a fuj,ula f,i iqúfYaIS jeo.;a lula ,eî
we;' cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh u.ska ëjr l¾udka;h wfkl=;a l¾udka;
w;ßka b;du;au wdmodjg ,lajk l¾udka;hla f,i y÷kajdoS we;s w;r ëjr
hd;%djkays /lshdfõ ksr;ùu yd ðjk ;;ajh j¾Okh lsÍfï jeo.;alu
yÿkdf.k we;'

• 15 •
b;sydifha m%:u j;djg cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha 2007 uy uqyqfoa ëjr
ls%hdldrlï ms<sn| iïuq;sh u.ska ish¿u ëjr ls%hdldrlï tkï .x.d" jeõ
yd we, ud¾. wdYS%; ëjr ls%hdldrlï ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq lr we;' kuq;a
hemqï yd úfkdaoYS,S ëjr l¾udka;h ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lsÍula fkdue;' b;d
jeo.;a lreKla jkafka fuh cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha ëjr lghq;= ms<sn|
iïuq;Ska w;ßka lrÈh yd ñßÈh ëjrhska fofldgiu ms<sn|j;a" iq¿mkak ëjr
ld¾ñlhska o we;=,;a lr ;u úYh m:hg f.k taug wjOdkh fhduqlr we;s
m%:u fuj,u fuh jk neúks' tneúka fuu fuj,u l=vd iy uy mßudK ëjr
hd;%d ms<sn|j;a" újD; yd ;Ügqj iys; hd;%d i|yd;a fukau fuu hd;%dj, /
lshdfõ ksr; ëjr ld¾ñlhska ms<sn|j;a wjOdkh fhduq lr we;'

2007 ëjr ls%hdldrlï ms<sn| iïuq;sh hgf;a we;s iqúfYaIS

wjYH;djhka fudkjdo@
2007 ëjr ls%hdldrlï ms<sn| iïuq;sh rg;=, j,x.= lr.;a rdcHhka ;u rdcHfha
ls%hd;aul jk ëjr hd;%d wdrlaIdldÍj hd;%dlsÍug iy ls%hd;aul lsÍug .kakd
m%udKj;a úê úOdk yd wjYH;djhka fudkjdoehs ksYaÑ;j ioyka l< hq;=h'
cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha idudðl rgj,a my; ioyka m%ñ;Ska ieliSu
i|yd mshjr .; hq;=h¦

ëjr hd;%d ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd wju wjYH;djhka¦

• ëjr hd;%dj, /lshdfú ksr; lsÍu i|yd jk wju jhia uÜgu ;SrKh lsÍu
u.ska ;reK lïlrejkaf.a fi!LHh" wdrlaIdj iy udkisl uÜgu wk;=f¾
fkdfy,Sug mshjr .ekSu
• ëjr hd;%dfú /lshdj lsÍug m%udKj;a Ydßßl Yla;h
s mj;sk nj iy;sl
lsÍu i|yd jk ffjoH mßlaIKh
• fiajd ;;ajhka
• ëjr hd;%dfú wdrlaI;s j lsh% d;aul ùu iy;sl lsÍu i|yd yd wdrlaI;
s j
hd;%d meoùu fyda Èh;a lsÍu i|yd wdrlaI;
s úêúOdk .ekSu
• wdrlaIdj yd hym;a fi!LHh ;;ajh iy;sl lsÍu i|yd ëjr hd;%dj, fiajh
lrk ëjr ld¾ñlhkag ksYÑ a ; ld,dka;r j,§ úfõlh ,ndoSug
• hd;%dj Èh;a lsÍug fmr hd;%dfú .uka .kakd .ekshkaf.a ,ehsi;
a j
= la ilid
n,Odßkag msgm;la ,ndoSu
• 16 •
 • ëjr hd;%dfú /lshdfú ksh; q = .ekshka i|yd ukd /lshd wjia:d jka iy
fhda.H ðj;aùfñ ;;ajhka i,ikq i|yd ëjrhskf a .a /lshd .súiqï yd tajdfha
wju fldkafoais ieliSug mshjr .ekSu
• úfoaYh
S ëjr f;dgqm,lska h,s ish rggu heùu i|yd jk ysñlu
• /lshdfõ fiajhg nojd .ekSu yd ia:dk.; lsÍu
• ëjrhskg
a úêu;aj oSukd f.ùu iy;sl lsÍu i|yd jk hdka;K
% h

wdydr yd kjd;eka

• ëjr hd;%dfú /lshdfú ksr; ëjr ld¾ñlhskaf.a mdkSh c,h" wdydr iy

kjd;eka i|yd úêúOdk ie,iSu

• ffjoH /ljrKh" fi!LHh wdrlaIKh iy iudc wdrlaIKh

• ffjoH /ljrKh iy f.dvìuoS ffjoH myiqqlï imhd .ekSug we;s

whs;sh iy nrm;, frda.S wjia:djloS fyda nrm;, ;=jd,hla isÿjQ úg oS
wjYH mßÈ jydu frda.shd f.dvîug f.khdug ls%hdlsÍu

• jD;a;suh yosis wk;=re je,elaùu" jD;a;suhj wdndê; fyda frda.S

;;ajhka iy hd;%dfõ oS isÿúh yels /lshdjg wod, wjodkï ;;ajhka
je,elajSug mshjr .ekSu' tfukau wjodkï ;;ajhka ms<sn|j we.hSu yd
l<ukdlrKh lsÍug mshjr .ekSu

• ëjr fufyhqï ms<sn|j oekqu ,ndoSu iy ëjr wdïmkak Ndú;h ms<sn|j

ëjr ld¾ñlhkag wjYH oekqu ,ndoSug mqyqKq ixúOdkh lsÍu

 ëjr hd;%dfú isÿjk wk;=re ms<sn|j jd¾;d lsÍu yd mßlaIK lsÍu

 ëjr ld¾ñlhska iy Tjqkaf.ka hefmkakkag iudc wdrlaIK m%;s,dN

,eîu iy;sl lsÍu iy tlS m%;s,dN wfkl=;a lafIa;%hkays lïlrejka
yd iudkju ,efnk njg iy;sl lsÍu;a" yd ish¿u ëjr ld¾ñlhkag
mßmQ¾KjQ iudc wdrlaIK ,nd.ekSug;a" iudc wdrlaIK whs;Ska
kv;a;= lsÍu iy;sl lsÍu i|yd;a fhda.H mshjr .ekSug

• /lshdjg wod,j isÿúh yels frda.S ;;ajhkaf.ka" ;=jd, j,ska yd

urKfhka wdrlaIdùug iy hd;%d ysñlrejka fuu fi!LHh wdrlaIKhka
yd ffjoH /ljrKh i|yd j.lSu ork njg;a iy;sl ùu
• 17 •
wkq.;ùu iy n,d;aul lsÍu

• kS;suh n, wêldßh m%N,j wNHdi lsÍug;a" hd;%djkays md,kh lsÍu

i|yd;a 2007 ëjr iïuq;sfha jmißh ;=, wkq.; jk njg iy;sl ùug
l%ufúohla ieliSu

by; ish¿u lreKq my; whqßka wod,jkq we;¦

w' óg¾ 24 fyda thg jeä ëjr hd;%djkag

wd' idudkHfhka uy uqyqfoa Èk 7 la fyda thg jeäfhka /fok ëjr

hd;%dj,g

we' cd;Hka;r uqyqfoa ëjr /lshdfú ksr;jk ëjr hd;%djkag

fñjdhska fndfyduhla ëjr hd;%djkag wod,jk w;rufuu iñuq;shg

wod,j cd;sl n, wêldßkaf.a jmißfhka bj;a fkdlrk hd;%dj, /
lshdj lrk mqoa.,hkag;a fuu lreKq wod,fõ'

iïuq;sfha b,lal imqrd .ekSu i|yd wvx.=jk iqúfYaIS m%ldYhka

fudkjdo@

fuu iïuq;sfha j.ka;s 54 la m%Odk fldgia 9 la mqrd úysfok w;r weuqKqï ;=klskao
iukaú;h' m<uq fldgi ye|skaùï j,ska ^m<uq j.ka;sh&iy úYh m:fhka ^3"4
iy 5 j.ka;Ska& iukaú;h' fojk fldgi iukaú; jkqfha m%Odk uQ,O¾u tkï
Èh;a lsÍu^6 j.ka;sh&" n,h ,;a ks<Odßka iy iïnkaëlrKh ^7 jk j.ka;sh&
ëjr ld¾ñlhkaf.a" hd;%d kshuqjkaf.a" iy ëjr hd;%d ysñlrejkaf.a j.lSï" ^8
jk j.ka;sh&' ;=kajk fldgi ;=, wka;¾.;h f,i ëjr hd;%dfõ /lshdfõ ksr;
ùu i|yd ;sìh hq;= wju wjYH;djhka tkï /lshdfõ ksr; l< hq;= wju jhi
^9 jk j.ka;sh& iy ffjoH mßlaIKh ^10" 11" iy 12 j.ka;Ska& we;=,;afõ'

y;rjeks fldgfia fiajd fldkafoais ms<sn|j ioykajk w;r miajk fldgfia

kjd;eka yd wdydr ms<sn|j ^25 isg 28 olajd j.ka;Ska& ioykafõ' yhjk fldgfia
ffjoH /ljrKh" fi!LHh wdrlaIdj iy iudc wdrlaIKh we;=,;afõ' fuu
iïuq;sfha oS¾>u fldgia fol f,i y;rjeks iy yhjeks fldgia y÷kajd Èh
yelsh'

• 18 •
fuys y;rjeks fldgfia hd;%dj, fiajfha kshq;= ld¾ñlhskaf.a úfõlh yd úfõlh
iy fiajlhska n|jd .ekSu hk lreKq wvx.=fõ'^13 iy 14 j.ka;Ska&" .ekshkaf.a
kdu f,aLKh^15 jk j.ka;sh&" ëjr fiajd .súiqï^16" 17"18"19 iy 20 jeks
j.ka;Ska&' ish rgg msg;a lsÍu ^21 jk j.ka;sh&" fiajhg nojd .ekSñ iy ia:dk
.; lsßñ ^22 jk j.ka;sh&" ëjrhskag f.ùï lsÍu^23 yd 24 j.ka;Ska&we;=,;afõ'

yhjeks fldgfia ffjoH /ljrKh"^29 iy 30 j.ka;Ska&" jD;a;suh wdrlaIdj

iy fi!LHh iy wk;=re j,ska je,lSu ^j.ka;Ska 31 isg 33 olajd& iy iudc
wdrlaIKh ^ 34 isg 37 olajd j.ka;Ska&" iy /lshdfõ ksr;j isáhoS ta wdYS%;j
isÿúh yels frda.d;=r ùï" ;=jd,ùï fyda urK j,ska wdrlaIdùu' ^38 iy 39
j.ka;Ska&'

y;ajeks fldgfia wka;¾.;h f,i wkql+,ùï iy n,d;aul lsÍu wvx.=fõ' ^40

isg 44 olajd jk j.ka;Ska& wgjk fldgfia weuqKqï yd ixfYdaOk wka;¾.;fõ'
weuqKqu 1 ^ñKqï j, iu;=,H nj&" weuqKqu 2 ^ëjrhskaf.a /lshd .súiqï&" weuqKqu
3 ^ëjr hd;%dj, kjd;eka myiqlï& ms<sn|j;a kujk fldgfia wjika fldkafoais
fyda kshuhka wka;¾.;h'

2007 ëjr /lshdjka ms<sn| iïuq;sfha jHqyh l=ulao@

2007 ëjr /lshdjka ms<sn| iïuq;sh ;, follska iukaú;h'

tla w;lska fuh kshñ; m%ñ;Ska y÷kajdfoa'

1' hd;%dfõ os. óg¾ 24 yd thg by, tajd ùu
2' Èk 7 lg fyda thg jeä ld,hla uqyqfoa /fok hd;%dúh hq;= ùu
3' fjrf<a isg kdjql ie;mqï 200 la blaujd hd;%d lsÍu
4' uydoaùmsl ;gdlfha msg; udhsfñka bj;g hd;%dlsÍu
5' tjeks hd;%dj, fiajfha kshq;= ëjr ld¾ñlhska
wks;a w;g" fuu iïuq;sfha wka;¾.; úYhm:fhka mßndysr ëjr hd;%d i|yd;a
tajdfha fiajfha kshq;= ld¾ñlhska i|yd;a fuys hï m%;Hdia: Ndjfhka hq;= m%ñ;Ska
wka;¾.;fõ'

tfukau fuu iïuq;sfha wka;¾.; lreKq ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd wjYH jk kS;Ska"
fr.=,dis yd wfkl=;a wjYH lreKq iïmdokh lsÍfï j.lSu idudðl rdcHhka
fj; mejÍ we;' idudðl rdcHhka úiska fuu iïuq;shg wka;¾.; lrk ëjr
• 19 •
hd;%d ks¾foaY lsÍu ms<sn|j úfYaIfhka iq¿mkak ëjr hd;%d ms<sn|j ;SrKh
lsÍfï j.lSu .; hq;=h'

tfukau fuu iïuq;shg wod,j hï hd;%d ms<sn|j wod, ks¾foaY fhda.H mßÈ
ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|ydjk úfYaI úê úOdko fuu iïuq;sfha wka;¾.; lr we;'

fhda.H mßÈ fuu iïuq;sh Èh;a lsÍfï ls%hdldß;ajh hkq l=ulao@

fhda.H mßÈ iïuq;sh Èh;a lsÍu hk ixl<amh l=ulaoehs ksjerosj meyeos,s lr

fkdue;s jqj;a" wod, rdcHhka úiska os.= ld,Skj fuu iïuq;sfha wka;¾.;jk
hï f;dard.;a j.ka;Ska ls%hd;aul lsÍfï ld¾hhg we;s wjirh fuu lreK f,i
yÿkd.; yelsh'

my; lafIa;%hka f.a úYh m:hg wod,jk mßÈ my; hd;%dj,g wod,
j fhda.H mßÈ Èh;a lsÍfï j.lSu fuu iïuq;sh u.ska ,ndoS we;'
1' os. óg¾ 24 g jvd wvq hd;%d i|yd

2' flá ld, iSudjla ëjr /lshdfú ksr;jk msßi" úfYaIfhka Èk 7 lg jvd
wvqld, iSudjla uy uqyqfoa .; lrk hd;%djka

3' .eUqre uqyqÿ iSudjkays /lshdfú ksr; fkdjk ëjr hd;%d iy tajdfha
fiajfha kshq;= ld¾ñlhska

fhda.H mßÈ Èh;a lsÍfï m%;Hdia:;djh wod, lr.; yelafla my;

wjYH;djhka imqrd we;akï muks¦

• by;ska ioyka l< wxY ;=kg wh;a ëjr hd;%djkays fiajfha kshq;= ëjr
ld¾ñlhkag ;ukag tlS hd;%djkays fiajh lsÍug Ydßßl fhda.H;djh
iy;sl lrk ffjoH iy;slh ;sîu iy Èk 7 g wvq ld,hla uyuqyqfoa /
lshdj lrk ógr 24 g wvq ëjr hd;%d i|yd'

• .ekshkaf.a kdu f,aLKh /f.k hk ëjr hd;%d

• ukd /lshd jgdmsgdjla yd ðj;aùfï ;;ajhka iy;sl lrñka hd;%d ysñlre

iy fiajl fomd¾Yajhu w;aika lr ,sÅ;j igyka lr we;s fiajd .súiqula
we;snj iy;sl lsÍu
• 20 •
 • ëjr ld¾ñlhkaf.a o iyNd.s;ajfhka wjodku we.hSu

• cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkfha idudðl rgj,a ëjrhskaf.a /lshdjg wod,

frda.S ùï" ;=jd, fyda urK j,ska wdrlaId ùu iy jD;a;suh frda.S ùuloS
fyda yosis wk;=rloS wdjrKh jk mßÈ hd;%d ysñlrejka f.a l%ufõohla
;=,ska j.lSulg hg;a ùu fyda wksjd¾hh rlaIK l%uhla fyda jkaos f.ùfï
l%uhla fyda fjk;a wdldrhl wdjrKhla imhd Èh hq;=h'

fhda.H mßÈ iïuq;sh Èh;a lsÍu ;=, we;s m%;s,dN

úfYaIfhkau by; wdldr 3 l ëjr hd;%d ysñlrejka iy 2007 iïuq;sh iïu;

lr.;a rgj,g os.= ld,Skj fuh ls%hd;aul lsÍug yelshdj we;' fuu Wmdh
ud¾.h Ndú;d lrñka wfmalaId lrkqfha mq¿,aj fuu iïuq;sh iïu; lr .ekSug
wjia:dj ie,iSughs' iuyrla rgj, mj;sk há;, myiqlï yd wdh;ksl
W!k;djhka ksid fuu iñuq;sh ls%hd;aul lsÍug we;s wmyiq;djhkao ksid
iïuq;sh ls%hd;aul lsÍug ndOdjka yg.kS'

• 21 •
 5' iq¿mkak ëjr ld¾ñlhska yd mdrïmßl ëjrhska
iq¿mkak ëjr l¾udka;h ;=,§;a lïlre m%ñ;Ska ms<sn|j ie,ls,a,g
.ekSu jeo.;a jkafka wehs@
1960 j¾Ifha isg ëjr lafIa;f
% ha isÿjQ ;dlaIKsl j¾Okh ksid ëjr hd;%d yd ëjr
fufyhqï j, mq¿,aj me;sreKq ld¾ñllrKhla isÿlrk ,§' fuys m%ÒM,h jQfha
iq¿mkak ëjr l¾udka;fha fhfok ëjr hd;%d j, fufyhqï ms<n s |jo úYd,
mq¿,aùula isÿùuhs' fuhg wkqhd;j /lshdfõ iy ðjk ;;ajhka ms<n s |j iqúfYaIS
fjkialï fyda fjkiaùu i|yd wjYH;djhla mj;S'

kdjql ie;mqï 200 l wkkH wd¾Òl l<dmhla fyda fndfyduhla fjr<dikak rdcHhka
u.ska 1970 isg wkkH ëjr l<dmhla fjka lsÍuo m%ldYhg m;alr we;' fuhg
iu.dój kdjql yd ëjr fufyhqï ms<n s |j ;dlaIKfha isÿl< ÈhqKj q ksid iq¿mkak
ëjr l¾udka;fha iy uy mßudK ëjr l¾udka;fha o úYd, m%j¾Okhla fjr<dikak
rdcHhkaf.a wkkH wd¾Òl l<dmfha iy wkkH ëjr l<dmfha ëjr lghq;= j,
isÿúh' kdjql lghq;= i|yd wjYH WmlrK iys; l=vd ëjr hd;%d o b;d úYd, ÿr
m%udKhka .uka lrñka nyqÈk ëjr l¾udka;fha ksr; jk w;r fuu hd;%djkays
we;s myiqlï ie,ls,, a g .ekSfïoS uy mßudK ëjr hd;%djkays we;s myiqlï iu.
lsif
s ia;a ieiÈh yels uÜgul fkdmj;S' óg¾ 24 g wvq ëjr hd;%djkays /lshdfú
ksr;jk ëjr ld¾ñlhka yd ydïmq;k = a w;r we;s fiajd .súiqï j,o hï ÿn,;d
oelsh yelsh' tneúka iuyrla ëjr fufyhqïo ld¾ól wdldrfha ksIm a dok udos,k
S a
foig O%eùlrKh ùula isÿfjñka mj;S'

fndfyduhla ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj, iq¿mkak ëjr lghq;= j, ksr;

lïlrejkaf.a /lshdfú ;;ajhka ms<n s |j fkdi,ld yeÍu je,elaùug 2007 ëjr
/lshdj ms<n
s | iïuq;h
s u.ska hï úiÿula ,ndÈh yelsh' tneúka f,dj mqrdu
iq¿mkak ëjr Wm lafIa;f
% ha mjd /lshdfú ksr; ù isák ëjr ld¾ñl hkaf.a ðjk
;;ajh j¾Okh i|yd kS;u s h rduqjl wjYH;djh b;du;au meyeos,hs '

2007 ëjr /lshd ms<sn| iïuq;sh u.ska iq¿mkak ëjrhska iy ëjr

hd;%d jkag m%;s,dN ,nd.kafka flfiao@

2007 ëjr /lshd iïuq;sh ;=, iq¿mkak ëjr l¾udka;h fyda uy mßudK ëjr
l¾udka;h ms<sn|j fyda tajdfha ëjr hd;%d ms<sn|j hï ksYaÑ; lreKq oelaùula
ioyka fkdjqko" tys úYh m:h fjkia lsÍï j,g" ksoyia lsÍï j,g iy ish¿u

• 22 •
ëjr fufyhqï wka;¾.; lsÍï j,g bv fuu.ska ,ndoS we;' fuu iïuq;sh
ls%hd;aul lsÍu u.ska iq¿mkak ëjr ld¾ñlhkaf.a hd;%dj,g ,efnk m%;s,dN
w;r my; oelafjk lreKqo wh;ah'

• wju jhi ms<sn| m%ñ;sh

• ffjoH mßlaIKh
• .ekshkaf.a kdu f,aLKh
• úfõlh i|yd úêu;a ld,hla
• fiajd .súiqula
• úêu;a f.ùula
• ëjr hd;%dj ;=, m%udKj;a kjd;eka myiqlï" wdydr yd mdkSh c,h
iemhqula
• úúO ëjr wdïmkak Ndú;h ms<sn| mqyqKqjla
• ëjr hd;%dj, isÿjk yosis wk;=re ms<sn|j jd¾;d lsÍu iy mßlaIK Èh;a
lsÍu
• fi!LH wdrlaIdj iy ffjoH /ljrKh
kuq;a fjk;a jeo.;ajk lreKqo ie,ls,a,g .ksñkau fuu iïuq;shg wod,jk
mßÈ iq¿mkak ëjr fufyhqï m%;s,dN ,nkafkao keoao hkak rodmj;skqfha tlS
iq¿mkak ëjr fufyhqï fuys úYh m:hg hg;a lr we;so keoao hk lreK u;hs'
fuu iïuq;sh ;=,ska m%;s,dN ,nk iq¿mkak ëjr lafIa;%hg wod, lreKq ms<sn|
;SrKh lsÍu cd;sl uÜgñka isÿlrkq we;'

2007 ëjr ls%hdldÍ;ajhka ms<sn| iïuq;sfhka ish¿u wdldrfha ëjrhska

yd ëjr hd;%d wdjrKh lr ;sfÄo@
2007 ëjr iïuq;sh u.ska ëjr hk w¾: l:kh iys;j ´kEu ëjr hd;%djl
fiajfha fhdojd we;s fyda ksr;jk" jegqmla ,nk fyda fldgia mokñka fiajfha
ksr;jk fyda iajhx /lshdjl ksr;jk wfhl=g fuu iñuq;dhka ,efnk m%;s,dN
,eÄh yelsh' ëjr ld¾ñlhka mukla fkdj ëjr hd;%djkays fiajfha kshq;=jk miq
wiajkq ;dlaIK lghq;= j, ksr;jk fiajlhskao fuu iñuq;sfha úYh m:fhka
wdjrKh ,nhs' fuu iñuq;sh u.ska wNHka;r ëjr l¾udka;fha fiajfha kshq;=
ëjr ld¾ñlhka yd hï iSñ; ëjr msßia ms<sn|j iy uy uqyqfoa /lshdfõ ksr;
ëjr hd;%djka ms<sn|j tajdfha os. m%udKh" uy uqyqfoa ëjr fufyhqfï fhfok
ld, iSudj" fufyhqfï fhfok m%foaYh iy fufyhqfï iajNdjh wd§ lreKq i,ld
n,d iïuq;sfha wdjrKfhka bj;a lsÍug wjYH jk úê úOdk mj;S'
• 23 •
flfiajqj;a óg¾ 24 g wvq ëjr hd;%d fuu iïuq;sfha wdjrKfhka bj;a l< yels
jqjo" tajd uy uqyqfoa /lshdfõ ksr;jk ld,iSudj Èk 7 lg jvd jeäjk úgoS
fyda tajd kdjql ie;mqï 200 iSudfjka yd uydoaúmsl ;glfha msg; iSudfjka
tmsgg .uka lr /lshdfú ksr; jkafka kï tfia isÿ l< fkdyelsh'

fjr<dYS%; /lshdfõ ksr;jk ish,a,ka 2007 ëjr iïuq;sfhka m%;s,dN

,nd.kafka flfiao@
2007 ëjr /lshd iïuq;sh u.ska fjrf<a /lshdfõ kshq;= iy hd;%d Ndú;fhka
f;drj ëjr /lshdjkays ksr;jk lsñÿï lrejka" udoe,a wÈkakka" c,c me<Eà
wiajekak fk,kakka" úisoe,a lrejka iy fjr<dYS%; ëjr lghq;= j, ksr;jkakka
fukau wka;¾ Woï l<dmfha ;u fomhska .uka lrñka úúO wdldrfhka uiqka
fk,kakka mQ¾K ld,Skj /lshdfõ ksr;j isáho" ÿria: fiajH fiajl ino;d
mej;sho fuu iïuq;sfha úYh lafIa;%fhka neyer lr we;'

fjr<dYS%; ëjr lghq;=j, ksr; wfkl=;a msßia i|ydo fuu iïuq;sfha wka;¾.;
m%;s,dN Èkd .ekSu i|yd ëjrhskag iy isú,a iudc ixúOdkj,g l< yels
ld¾hh Ndrh l=ulao@

2007 ëjr ls%hdldß;ajh ms<sn| iïuq;sfha wka;¾.; lreKq iïuq;sfha úYh

m:hg fkd.efkk fjr<dikak ëjr wdYS%; ls%hdldrlïj, ksr;jk lsñÿï
lrejka" udoe,a wÈkakka" c,c me<Eà wiajekak fk,kakka" úisoe,a lrejka iy
fjr<dYS%; ëjr lghq;= j, ksr;jkakka fukau wka;¾ Woï l<dmfha ;u fomhska
.uka lrñka úúO wdldrfhka uiqka fk,kakka yd fjrf<a iqúfYaIS ld¾h Ndrhla
bgqlrk ëjr ldka;djka ygo fuys wvx.= j.ka;Ska u.ska m%;s,dN Èkd.ekSu
i|yd cd;sl jYfhka Woaf>daIK jHdmdrhla Èh;a l< hq;=h'

iuyrla wju wjYH;djhka tkï¦

 wk;=reodhl ld¾hhka ^lsñoSu" r¿ fjr< l<dm j, isÿ lrk udoe,a
weoSu fyda o, r< iys; .,a iys; m%foaYj, uÜá /ia lsÍu jeks lghq;=&

 fiajd ;;ajhka ^fiajd .súiqï" f.ùï úêu;a lsÍu yd úêu;a úfõl ld,
iSudjla ,nd.ekSu&

 jD;a;suh iqrlaIs;;dj iy fi!KHh wdrlaIdj iy

 ffjoH /ljrKh iy iudc wdrlaIKh

wd§ lreKq mQ¾K lsÍug mshjr .ekSfuka fjr<dYS%; ëjr lghq;= j, ksr;
msßif.a;a ðjk ;;ajh hym;a lsÍug mshjr .; yelsh'

• 24 •
 6' bÈß ls%hdud¾.
2007 ëjr /lshdjkag wod, iïuq;sh iïu; lr .ekSug yd wkqu;
lr.ekSug .; hq;= ls%hd ud¾. fudkjdo@

2007 ëjr iïuq;sh wkqu; l< rdcHhka úiska ;uka úiska iuyrla ëjr hd;%d
yd ld¾ñlhka fuu iïuq;sfha úYh m:fhka bj;a lf,a wehso hkak;a' tlS ëjr
lghq;=j, wdrlaIdj ms<sn|j .kakd ls%hd ud¾. ms<sn|j;a cd;Hka;r lïlre
ixúOdkhg jd¾;d l< hq;=h' rdcHhka úiska ;jÿrg;a isÿl< hq;= ld¾hhla
jkafka tlS ëjr hd;%d j, wdrlaIdldßj .uka lsÍu i|yd;a ëjr lghq;=j,
ksr;ùu i|yd;a iy tys ksr; ëjrhskaf.a wdrlaIdj iy fi!LHh iy;sl lsÍu
i|yd;a wjYH mshjr .; hq;=h'

wfkl=;a lreKq w;r my; ioyka lreKq ms<sn|j m%ñ;Ska ieliSu

rdcHhka úiska isÿl< hq;=h'

 ëjrhskaf.a wdrlaIdj yd fi!LHh ;;ajh iy;sl lsÍu i|yd m%udKj;a

jk úfõlS ld, iSudjla ,ndoSug'

 úêu;a oSukdjla fyda jegqmla ëjr ld¾ñlhkag ,efnk hdka;%Khla

iy;sl lsÍu

 ëjr hd;%dj ;=, m%udKj;a m%udKhlska iy .=Kd;aul njlska hq;= kjd;eka

i|yd myiqlñ we;s njg hdka;%Khla ieliSu'

 ffjoH /ljrKh ,ndoSu" fuysoS wju jYfhka tla ëjr ld¾ñlfhl= fyda
yosis ffjoH m%;sldr ,ndoSug ;rfñ iqÿiqlï iys; fyda úêu;a mqyqKqjla
iys; mqoa.,fhl=j isàu'

 f.dvÅfñoS ffjoH myiqlï ,eîug we;s whs;sh ms,s.ekSu'

 ëjr hd;%dj ;=,§ jD;a;suh wk;=re j,ska jD;a;suh frda.hkaf.ka yd /

lshdj wdYS%; wjodkï j,ska je,lSug'

 ëjr hd;%dj ;=,§ wjYH mukska mdkSh c,h yd wdydr .=Kd;aulj yd

m%udKd;aulj ,nd .ekSug'

• 25 •
  ;uka /lshdfõ ksr;jk ëjr wdïmkak ms<sn|j oekqula yd tajd Ndú;h
ms<sn|j mqyqKqjla yd ksr;jk ëjr fufyhqï ms<sn|j wjfndaOhla iys;
ùu i|yd'

 ëjr hd;%dj ;=, isÿjk yosis wk;=re ms<sn|j mßlaId lsÍu iy jd¾;d
lsÍu ms<sn|j'

 ëjr ld¾ñlhska yd Tjqkaf.ka hefmkakkao iudc wdrlaIK m%;s,dN ,nd.

kakd njg iy;sl ùug'

 ðj;aùfñ yd /lshdfõ ;;ajhka ms<sn|j mßlaId lr 2007 ëjr /lshdfõ

iïuq;sfha j.ka;Skag wkql+,j mj;sk njg wod, n,h,;a n,Odßka úiska
ksl=;a l< fhda.H;d iy;slh hd;%dfõ /f.k hk njg'

2007 ëjr /lshdjka ms<sn| iïuq;sfha wkql+,;djhg wod,j Oc rdcHhka úiska

fhda.H mßÈ mßlaIK lghq;= Èh;a lsÍu;a" jd¾;d ieliSu;a" wëlaIKh lsÍu;a
iy meñKs,s ls%hdj,shg wj;S¾K ùu;a" fhda.H mßÈ ovqjñ ,ndoSug ls%hdlsÍu
iy ksjeros lsÍu;a isÿ l< hq;=h' tfukau jrdh rdcHhka úiska wod, ëjr hd;%d
fuu 2007 ëjr iïuq;sfha úêúOdkhkag wkql+,j ls%hdlrkafkao fkdue;so hkak
ms<sn|j Oc rdcHhg jd¾;d l< hq;= jkafkah' tfukau fuu ëjr hd;%d ëjr
ld¾ñlhskaf.a fi!LHhg hñ Wjÿre fyda wk;=reodhl jd;djrKhla iys; nj
wod, jrdh rdcHhlg fmkShkafka kñ tjeks wjia:djl tajd ksjeros lsÍug iy
Oc rdcHhg tajd jd¾;d lsÍfñ j.lSuo mejf¾'

ëjr ld¾ñlhka i|yd 2007 iïuq;sfha wvx.= lreKq ls%hd;aul lsÍu

i|yd ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj,g wod,j iqúfYaIS j.ka;s wvx.=
fõo@

m%.;sYS,Sj Èh;a lsÍfï m%fúYh ^30 jk msgqj n,kak& u.ska ixj¾Okh fjñka
mj;sk rgj,a i|yd wu;r m%;Hdia:;djhla olajhs' úfYaIfhkau fuu iïuq;sfha
úYh m:hg wod,j we;s iuyr ëjr hd;%d wdldrj,g yd tlS hd;%dj, fiajfha
kshq;= ëjr ld¾ñlhkag wod, j.ka;Ska Èh;a lsÍu ms<sn|j hï m%;Hdia:;djhla
we;'

• 26 •
ëjr ld¾ñlhka i|yd 2007 iïuq;sh Èh;a lsÍu iy;sl lsÍu i|yd
ëjr ld¾ñlhska iy isú,a iudc ixúOdk úiska isÿl< hq;=foa fudkjdo@

2007 ëjr l%shdldÍ;ajh ms<sn| iïuq;sh wkqu; lrjd .ekSu iy;sl lsÍu i|yd
cd;sl uágfï Woaf>daIK jHdmdr Èh;a l< hq;=h' fuu iïuq;sh Èh;a lsÍu i|yd
mj;sk kS;s rduqj jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu fyda th ixj¾Okh lsÍu i|yd wdrïNl mshjr
.ekSu isÿl< hq;=h' cd;sl uÜgfï Woaf>daIK u.ska fuu ld¾hhka i|yd yelshdj
iys; wod, n,OdÍkaf.a;a' ydïmq;=kaf.a iy ëjr ld¾ñlhkaf.a ixúOdkj,
iyh ,nd .ekSug wfmalaId flfrk w;r Tjqka yÿkd.ekSug WmfoaYKd;aul
iy iyNd.s;aj ls%hdj,Ska u.ska ls%hd;aulúh hq;=h' fuysoS fuu iïuq;sh hgf;a
os.= ld,Skj fyda flá ld,Skj we;=,;a l< hq;= ëjr ld¾ñlhska iy ëjr hd;%d
ms<sn|j fyda bka bj;a l< hq;= tajd ms<sn|j yÿkd.; hq;=h'

fuysoS ëjr hd;%dj, m%udKh fkdi,ld yßñka uy uqyqfoa Èk 7 lg jvd jeä

ld,iSudjla .;lrk fyda uydoaúmsl ;glfhka tmsg ëjr /lshdfõ ksr;jk fyda
kdjql ie;mqï 200 iSudfjka tyd /lshdfõ ksr;jk ish¿u ëjr hd;%d ms<sn|j
yÿkd.; hq;=h' tfukau óg¾ 24 g wvq ëjr hd;%d ms<sn|j yd tajdfha fiajh lrk
ëjr ld¾ñlhska fuu iñuq;sfha úYh m:h ;=,g we;=,;a lsÍu ms<sn|j i,ld
ne,Su i|yd tlS hd;%d /lshdfõ ksr;jk m%foaYh" /lshdfõ kshq;= ld, iSudj iy
fufyhqfñ iajNdjh ms<sn|j ie,ls,a,g .; hq;=h'

fuhg wu;rj fuu iïuq;sfha wdjrKfhka bj;al< hq;= ëjrhska iy ëjr hd;%d
ms<sn|j;a iy isÿl< hq;= fjkia lsÍï ms<sn|j iïuq;sfha we;s j.ka;Ska yÿkd.;
hq;=h' tfukau fuu iïuq;sfha ish¿u ëjrhskag wod,jk j.ka;Ska yÿkd.; hq;=h'
WodyrKhla f,i wju jhi ms<sn|j we;s wjYH;djhka ms<sn|j" úêu;aj oSukd
f.ùï ms<sn|j iy iudc wdrlaIK ls%hdj,Ska ms<sn|j fufia ish¿u ëjrhskag
wod,jk j.ka;Ska f,i fuysoS y÷kajd Èh yelsh' fndfyduhla ixj¾Okh jk
rgj, we;s ÿn, há;, myiqlï iy ÿ¾j, wdh;k ksid mSvdjg m;aj we;'
kS;s n,d;aul lsÍfï yelshdj f.dv ke.Su i|yd m%N, osYdk;sfha fjkia ùula
fyda ld¾hlaIu yd ukdj ixúê; l%shdldÍ;ajhla ëjr lafIa;%fha;a" iuqødikak
lafIa;%fha;a" ëjr hd;%d wdrlaIl wêldßfha;a iy lïlre mßmd,kfha;a isÿúh
hq;=h' fujeks m%N, fjkia lsÍulska mukla ixj¾Okh jk rgj,g fhda.H mßÈ
kS;s iïu; lr.ksñka 2007 ëjr l%shdldÍ;ajh ms<sn| iïuq;sh ls%hd;aul lsÍug
yelsjkq we;' fuu.ska óg¾ 24 g wvq ëjr hd;%d ms<sn|j;a" tajdfha /lshdfõ
ksr; ëjr ld¾ñlhka ms<sn|j lïlre wdl<amhlska ne,Sug yelshdj we;s lrk
kuq;a fujeks lreKq fndfyduhla ixj¾Okh jk rgj,§ l<d;=rlska isÿùug
yelsh'

• 27 •
 7' ksudj
iuyrla wjika ksÍCIK

2007 ëjr l%shdldÍ;ajh ms<sn| iïuq;sh ëjr lafIa;%fha m%Odk lïlre

m%ñ;Ska ms<sn|j u.fmkaùula isÿlr we;'
 ëjr ld¾ñlhka /lshdfõ ksr; lrùu

 ëjr hd;%dfõ /lshdfõ iy ðjk ;;ajfha j¾Okh

 iudc wdrlaIKh iemhSu

tfukau fuu ëjr iïuq;h

s lsh
% d;aul lsÍfuka f,dj mqrdu isák iq¿mkak ëjr
l¾udka;fha iy uy mßudK ëjr l¾udka;fha isÿjk wudkqIl
S /lshd lsÍfï jgd
msgdfjka iy /lshdj lsÍfï yd ðj;aùfï ;;ajhka j¾Okh i|yd WmldÍ fõ'

2004 jif¾ ëjr lñgqj wu;ñka cd;Hka;r lñlre iuq¿fõ wOHlaI

ckrd,a jrhd ioyka lf,a¦

—b;d meyeos,s jeo.;a lreKla jkafka fuu iïuq;sh ls%hd;aul ùfuka miqj tys
wvx.= wdrlaIK oef,a úê úOdkhkag fkdoekS ,siaid hdug lsisÿ ëjrfhl=g
fkdyelsùuhs' kuq;a fuh ,.dlr .ekSu i|yd fuu oef,a isÿre ksis m%udKfhka
mej;sh hq;=h' ish,a, u.yer hdug ;rï tys isÿre úYd, fkdúh hq;= kuq;a
iïuq;sh wkqu; lr Èh;a lsÍu je,elaùu i|yd jk ;rug tys isÿre l=vd fkdúh
hq;=h˜' f,dj mqrd úysoS we;s rdcHhka" ëjr ld¾ñlhka" ydïmq;=kaf.a lKavdhï
iy rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk ish,a,kau tlaj fuu ëjr l%shdldß;ajh ms<sn| 2007
iñuq;sh ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd mshjr .; hq;=h'

ilialrk ,oafoa ( ëjr ld¾ñlhkaf.a iyh i|yd jk

cd;Hka;r iduqyslh^IÐF& cd;Hka;r iduqyslh ^IÐF&

mßj¾;kh lr uqøKh lrk ,oafoa ( cd;sl ëjr iyfhda.s;d jHdmdrh ^NAFSO&

uq,H wkq.%yh ( Bread for the World ixúOdkh" c¾uKsh

Èkh ( 2019 ckjdß 08 jk Èk §h'

• 28 •