GROUP 4

Mobile and
wireless
platform
GROUP 4 MEMBERS

MICHELLE YLANAN
JOPHADALE CARL VELASCO
JOHN CLARK PEDROZA
CARLO GESTA
CLIFF RICHARD LANGUIDO
MICHAEL JAY SINADJAN
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GROUP 4

What is Mobile?
A brief history
Mobile simple describes a computing device
that is not restricted to a desktop. Mobile
device may be a Personal data assistant (PDA),

MROFTALP SSELERIW DNA ELIBOM

a “smart” cell phone, a laptop computer, or
anything of numerous other devices that allow
the user to complete computing task without
being connected to any Network. The
communications networks that connect these
devices are loosely termed wireless
technologies.
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GROUP 4

What is Wireless?
A brief history
Wireless refers to the method of transferring
information between computing devices, such
as a personal data assistant (PDA) and a data

MROFTALP SSELERIW DNA ELIBOM

source such as an agency database server,
without a physical connection or wires. The
distances involved may be short or long. Not
all wireless communication technologies are
mobile.

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GROUP 4

What is Wireless
communication?
A brief history
Wireless communication is simply data
communication without the use of

MROFTALP SSELERIW DNA ELIBOM

landlines.This may involve cellular
telephone, two-way radio, fixed wireless
(broadband wireless), laser (free space
optics), or satellite communications.

04
 GROUP 4

What is Mobile Computing?

It is a technology that allows transmission of data
via, a computer without having to be connected
to a fixed physical link.Mobile computing
environment as being made up of three main
components: a computer (that moves), a N/W
(that is either wired or wireless) & co-ordination
S/W that ties them together.In mobile N/W
computing activities are not disrupted when the

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user changes the computer’s points of
attachment to the internet.

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 GROUP 4

People now a day are demanding

instant communication at the same time
they do not want to stick to their desk
or office.What they want is
communication at any where and any
time, even though they are on move.The

Why Wireless solution for complete mobility is

only.Wireless computing can make

communication? significant difference in your

productivity, responsiveness to the
customer.You can also reduce or
eliminate cabling cost and relocate
devices without having to rewire your

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facilities.

06
 GROUP 4

Advantages of Wireless Communication?

MOBILITY: INSTALLATION SPEED REDUCED COST OF OWNERSHIP:
& SIMPLICITY:
Wireless network systems While the initial investment required for wireless network hardware can be
higher than the cost of wired.N/W hardware overall installation expenses and
can provide network users Installation a wireless
life-cycle costs can be significantly lower.Long term cost benefits are greatest
with access to real-time network system can be in dynamic environments requiring frequent moves and changes.
information anywhere in fast and easy and can
there organization.The eliminate the need to pull
mobility supports cable through walls and SCALABILITY:
productivity and service ceilings.
Wireless N/W systems can be configured in a variety to topologies to meet the
opportunities not possible INSTALLATION
need of specific application and installations.Configurations are easily changed
with wired networks.. FLEXIBILITY:
and range from peer to peer N/W suitable for a small no of users to full

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infrastructure N/Ws of thousands of users that enable roaming over a broad
Wireless technology area.
allows the network to go
where wire can not go.

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 GROUP 4

Disadvantage of wireless communication

RADIO SIGNAL INTERFERENCE: SECURITY:

Because wireless devices operate using radio Because a wireless device transmits radio signals over a broad area, security
becomes a major concern.It is possible for an intruder to be lurking outdoors
signals, the potential for two type of signal with a note book computer and wireless NIC with the intent of intercepting the
interference exists.Signals from other devices can signals from a nearby wireless network.Because much of a business network
disrupt what a wireless device is trying to transmit, or traffic may contain sensitive information, this is a real concern for many users.
a wireless device may itself be a source of
interference for other devices.several common office
devices transmit radio signals that may interfere with
a WLAN.
HEALTH RISKS:

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Wireless devices contain radio transmitters and receivers that emit radio frequency (RF) energy.Typically, these wireless devices emit low levels
of RF while being used.Scientists know that high levels of RF can produce biological damage through heating effects. (This is how a microwave
oven is able to cook food.)

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 GROUP 4

Two aspects of mobility:user mobility:

users communicate (wireless) “anytime,
anywhere, with anyone”device

Different portability: devices can be connected

anytime, anywhere to the

between Mobile networkWireless vs. mobile Examples

stationary computer notebook in a

and Wireless
hotel wireless LANs in historic
buildings Personal Digital Assistant
(PDA)

SCISAB YHPARGOTOHP
9
 REBROLENS PHOTO ACADEMY

PAGER
RECEIVE ONLY
TINY DISPLAYS
SIMPLE TEXT MESSAGES

Mobile and
PDA
GRAPHICAL DISPLAYS
CHARACTER RECOGNITION

Wireless
SIMPLIFIED WWW
LAPTOP/NOTEBOOK
FULLY FUNCTIONAL
STANDARD APPLICATIONS
SMART PHONE
TINY KEYBOARD
SIMPLE VERSIONS OF STANDARD APPLICATIONS
MOBILE PHONES
Devices
VOICE, DATA
SIMPLE GRAPHICAL DISPLAYS

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PERFORMANCE

10
GROUP 4
Application of Mobile and
Wireless Communications
EDUCATION:
Wireless technology is an ideal
application of colleges and
schools.An instructor can create a
classroom presentation on the
notebook computer in his home or
school office and this presentation
can access in classroom using
wireless devices.Teachers can also
distribute handouts directly to
students who have brought their
own wireless devices to class.
11
HOME ENTERTAINMENT:
Several large computer
manufacturers are introducing
specialized media PCs that enable
movie and audio enthusiasts to
download, distribute and control all
forms of digital entertainment from
anywhere in the house.Some of the
systems also have the ability to
control lights, air conditioners and
other household devices.
VEHICLES :
Transmission of news, road condition,
weather, music via DAB(Digital Audio
Broadcasting )Personal
communication using GSM(Global
System for Mobile
Communications)/UMTS(Universal
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Mobile Telecommunications System
)Position via GPS(Global Positioning
System )local ad-hoc network with
vehicles close-by to prevent
accidents, guidance systemvehicle
data (e.g., from busses, high-speed
trains) can be transmitted in advance
for maintenance
GROUP 4

UMTS, WLAN,
DAB, DVB, GSM,
CDMA2000, TETRA, ... Typical
AD HOC
PERSONAL TRAVEL ASSISTANT application:
road traffic
,PDA, LAPTOP,
GSM, UMTS, WLAN,
BLUETOOTH, ...

SCISAB YHPARGOTOHP
12
 GROUP 4

Application of Mobile and Wireless

Communications
IN COMPANIES: GOVERNMENT: EMERGENCY SERVICES:

In companies mangers Government applications Emergency services ability to receive information on the move is vital where the
emergency services are involved.Information regarding the address, type and
can use mobile computer center around
other details of an incident can be dispatched quickly, via CDPD(Cellular Digital
in, say critical assessments, inspections Packet Data) system using mobile computers.Here, the reliability and security
presentations to major and work orders.Most of implemented in the CDPD system would be of great advantage.
customers.They can these applications involve
CREDIT CARD VERIFICATION:
access the latest market auditing some sort of
share information.At a facility or processFor e.g.: At Point of Sale (POS) terminals in shops and supermarkets, when customers

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small recess, they can food service, restaurant, use credit cards for transactions, the intercommunication required between the
revise the presentation child care, schools, and bank central computer and the POS terminal, in order to effect verification of the
take advantages of this residential buildings. card usage, can take place quickly and securely over cellular channels using a
information.They can mobile computer unit.This can speed up the transaction process and relieve
communicate with the HEALTHCARE: congestion at the POS terminals.
office about possible new
offers and call meetings The focus in the industry has been on automting patient records, medication dispersion and sample
for discussing responds collection.A common goal is to leverage mobile computing in the implementation of positive patient
to the new proposals. identification. 13
GROUP 4

Electronic Mail/Paging:
Usage of mobile unit to send and read s is a very useful asset for any
business individual, as it allow him/her to keep in touch with any
colleagues as well as any urgent developments that may affect their

Application of work.Access to the internet, using mobile computing technology,

allows the individual to have vast array of knowledge at his/her
fingertips.
Mobile and Taxi/Truck Dispatch:
Wireless Using the idea of a centrally controlled dispatcher with several mobile
units(taxis), mobile computing allows the taxis to be given full details

Communications of the dispatched job as well as allowing the taxis to communicate

information about their whereabouts back to the central dispatch
office.This system is also extremely useful in secure deliveries i.e.:

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securicor.

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 GROUP 4

MAJOR OPERATING SYSTEM

PALM OS
Wireless
EPOC (SYMBIAN)
WINDOWS CE
Operating
JAVA MICRO EDITION
WIRELESS LANGUAGES
Systems and
HDML
WML
Languages

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CHTML

15
GROUP 4

Types of Wireless Systems

AMPS AND EUROPEAN ANALOG CELLULAR (ADVANCED MOBILE PHONE SYSTEM)
TDMA (TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS)
CDMA (CODE-DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS)
GSM (GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION)
)GPRS (GENERAL PACKET RADIO SERVICE)
EDGE (ENHANCED DATA RATES FOR GLOBAL EVOLUTION)

SCISAB YHPARGOTOHP
16
GROUP 4

Types of
Wireless
Technologies
RADIO WAVES
MICROWAVE
WI-FI
WI-MAX

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ZIGBEE

17
 GROUP 4

Many research efforts in mobile computing and wireless

Location
networks try to hide the fact that the network access
has been changed or that a wireless link is more error
prone than a wired one.Examples: Mobile IP tries to hide
Dependent that fact of changing access points by redirecting
packets but keeping the same IP address, and many

Services protocols try to improve link quality using encoding

mechanisms or retransmission so that applications
made for fixed networks still work.

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 GROUP 4

In many cases, however, it is important for an application to ‘known’ something about the location or
it might be that the user needs location information for further activities.

SEVERAL SERVICES THAT MIGHT DEPEND ON THE

ACTUAL LOCATION CAN BE DISTINGUISHED:
Location
FOLLOW-ON SERVICES:
LOCATION AWARE SERVICES:
PRIVACY:
Dependent
INFORMATION SERVICES:
Services

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SUPPORT SERVICES:

19
 GROUP 4
Location Dependent Services
LOCATION AWARE
SERVICES:
Imagine you wanted to
print a document sitting in
the lobby of a hotel using
your laptop.If your drop
the document over the
printer icon, where would
you expect the document
to be printed?Certainly
not by the printer in your
office!But without
additional information
about your environment,
this might be the only
thing you can do.
PRIVACY:
The two service classes listed
above immediately raise the
question of privacy.You might
not want video calls following
you to dinner, but may be you
would want important s to be
forwarded.So there might be
locations and/or times when
you want to exclude certain
services form reaching you,
thereby telling the caller that
you do not want to be
disturbed.
INFORMATION SERVICES:
While walking around in a city you could always use your wireless travel guide
to ‘pull’ information from a service, e.g., ‘where is the next Mexican restaurant to
my current position?’But a service could also actively ‘push’ information on your
travel guide, e.g., that the Mexican restaurant just around the corner has a
special offer.
SUPPORT SERVICES:
Finally, many small additional mechanisms can be integrated to support a
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mobile device.Intermediate results of calculations, state information or cache
contents could ‘follow’ the mobile node through the fixed network.As soon as
the mobile node reconnects, all information is available again.
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 GROUP 4

Simple Reference Model

End-System, such as the PDA and computer
The basic reference model used to
The communication partner in the example need a full protocol stack
structure communication system.In next
of the PDA, a conventional comprising the application, transport,
slide figure a personal digital assistant
computer, is shown on the network, data link and physical
(PDA) which provides an example for a
right-hand side.Each N/W layer.Applications on the end-systems
wireless and portable device.This PDA
element (such as PDA, inter communicate with each other using the
communicates with a base station in the
working unit, computer), the lower layer services.Intermediate system,
middle of the picture.The base station
figure shows the protocol such as the inter working unit, do not
consists of a radio transceiver (sender &
stack implemented in the necessarily need all of the layers.Next slide
receiver) and an inter working unit
system according to the to explain the functions of each layer in
connecting the wireless link with the

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reference model. more derail in a wireless and mobile
fixed link.
environment.

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 GROUP 4

PHYSICAL LAYER:

Simple Reference Model

DATA LINK LAYER:

This is the lowest layer in The main tasks of this layer

a communication system
and is responsible for the
conversion of a stream of
bits into signals that can
be transmitted on the
sender side.The physical
layer of the receiver then
transforms the signals
back into a bit stream.For
wireless communication
the physical layer is
responsible for frequency
include accessing the medium,
multiplexing of different data
streams, correction of
transmission errors, and
synchronization.The data link
layer is responsible for a
reliable point-to-point
connection between two
devices or a point-to-
multipoint connection between
one ender and several
receivers.
TRANSPORT LAYER:
This layer is used in the reference model to establish an end-to-end
connection.The quality of service, flow and congestion control are relevant,
especially if the transport protocols known from the internet, TCP and UDP are
to be used over a wireless link.
APPLICATION LAYER:
Finally, the application are situated on top of all transmission-oriented
layers.And support for multimedia applications, adaptive applications that can
handle the large variations in transmission characteristics and wireless access
to the world wide web using a portable device.Very demanding applications are

selection, generation of
the carrier frequency,
signal detection,
modulation of data onto a
carrier frequency and
encryption.
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video and interactive gaming.
NETWORK LAYER:
This third layer is responsible for routing packets through network or establishing a connection between two
entities over many other intermediate systems.Important topics are addressing, routing, device location and
handover between different networks.

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 GROUP 4

Thank you
From Group 4

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23