Antenna-Module1 –Part4

Smart antennas (also known as adaptive array antennas, digital antenna arrays, MIMO&
multiple antennas) are antenna arrays with smart signal processing algorithms used to identify
spatial signal signatures such as the direction of arrival (DOA) of the signal. These are used
to calculate beamforming vectors which are then used to track and locate the antenna beam
on the mobile / target.
A smart antenna takes advantage of diversity effect at the source (transmitter), the
destination (receiver), or both. Diversity effect involves the transmission and/or
reception of multiple radio frequency (RF) waves to increase data speed and reduce the
error rate. Smart antenna technology can overcome these capacity limits as well as
improve signal quality and let mobile telephones operate on less power.

Applications of smart antenna.

1. Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT)

2. High Performance Radio Local Area Network/2

3. Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) technology

4. Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

5. In-vehicle DBS entertainment systems (Mobile video, Mobile broadband/gaming)

6. Satellite/digital radio

7. GPS, 3G &4G Wireless, RFID

Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork (MANET) is a type of wireless network. The network is ad-hoc
because it does not rely on a pre-existing infrastructure, such as routers in wired networks
or access points in managed (infrastructure) wireless networks. Instead, each node
participates in routing by forwarding data for other nodes, so the determination of which
nodes forward data is made dynamically on the basis of network connectivity and the routing
algorithm in use. Wireless mobile ad hoc networks are self-configuring, dynamic networks in
which nodes are free to move.
Applications Descriptions/Services
Tactical networks •
Military communications, operations
•
Automated battlefields

Sensor networks •
Home applications: smart sensor nodes and actuators embedded
in consumer electronics
•
Environmental applications including tracking movements of
animals, chemical/biological detection, precision agriculture,
tracking of weather and earth activities, etc.
•
Body area networks (BAN)

Emergency services •
Search and rescue operations, as well as disaster recovery
•
Replacement of fixed infrastructure in case of earthquakes,
hurricanes, fire, etc.
•
Supporting doctors and nurses in hospitals

Commercial and •
civilian environments E-Commerce: electronic payment anytime from anywhere
•
Business: dynamic databases, mobile offices
•
Vehicular services: inter-vehicle network for road or accident
guidance, transmission of information regarding weather and road
conditions
•
Community network in areas where setting up fixed infrastructure
is not a viable solution due to financial and geographical
considerations
•
Sports stadiums, trade shows, shopping malls, network of visitors
at airports

Home and enterprise •

networking Home/office wireless networking
•
Personal area Network (PAN)
•
Conferences and meeting rooms

Education •
Universities and campus settings
•
Applications Descriptions/Services
Virtual classrooms
•
Ad hoc communication during meetings and lectures

Entertainment •
Multiuser games
•
Outdoor Internet access
•
Robotic pets

Location aware •
services Follow-on services: call-forwarding, mobile workspace
•
Information services: location-specific services and time-
dependent services
•
Infotainment: touristic information

Coverage extension •
Extending cellular network access
•
Linking up with Internet, intranets, etc.