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不同耕作措施下添加秸秆对土壤有机碳及其相关因素的影响 王碧胜
不同耕作措施下添加秸秆对土壤有机碳及其相关因素的影响 王碧胜
不同耕作措施下添加秸秆对土壤有机碳及其相关因素的影响 王碧胜
开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
不同耕作措施下添加秸秆对土壤有机碳及其相关
因素的影响
1,2 2 2
3 4 2 2 2 2 2
王碧胜 ,于维水 ,武雪萍 ,高丽丽 ,李景 ,宋霄君 ,李生平 ,卢晋晶 ,郑凤君 ,蔡典雄
1
青岛农业大学农学院,山东青岛 266109;2 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081;3 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研
摘要:【目的】探究添加秸秆对不同耕作措施下土壤有机碳及其相关因素的影响,为北方旱作农田固碳增产管理提供理论依
据。【方法】采集长期进行传统耕作(CT)和免耕(NT)的大田土壤样品进行室内培养试验,共设置 4 个处理,分别为传
统耕作土壤不加秸秆(CT)、免耕土壤不加秸秆(NT)、传统耕作土壤加秸秆(CTS)和免耕土壤加秸秆(NTS),每个处理
15 次重复。在 25℃恒温培养箱中进行通气培养,培养时间共 180 d,此间定期取样进行有机碳含量、水稳性团聚体构成、
土壤微生物量碳和相关土壤酶活性的测定。
【结果】
(1)添加秸秆显著提高土壤有机碳含量和大团聚体含量。与 CT 相比,
CTS 提高土壤有机碳含量 15%—46%;与 NT 相比,NTS 提高土壤有机碳含量 12%—21%;培养结束时,CTS、NTS 处理的有机
碳含量较初始分别提高 26.8%和 7.0%。CTS 和 NTS 处理以 2 000—250 μm 团聚体含量最高,占全部团聚体的 41%—50%,
CTS 较 CT 提高>250 μm 团聚体比例 235%—310%,NTS 较 NT 提高>250 μm 团聚体比例 96%—149%。(2)添加秸秆显著增
加土壤有机碳 δ13C 值,CTS 处理为 80.93‰—115.22‰,NTS 为 48.92‰—80.49‰;CTS 秸秆来源碳所占比例显著高于 NTS,
较 NTS 处理提高 13%—66%。
(3)添加秸秆显著提高微生物量碳(MBC)含量、β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)、β-纤维二糖苷酶(CBH)
和 β-木糖苷酶(BXYL)活性。CTS 较 CT 提高 MBC 含量 239%—623%,提高 BG、CBH 和 BXYL 活性 58%—170%、52%—337%和
117% 170%;NTS 较 NT 处理提高 MBC 含量 124%—555%,提高 BG、CBH 和 BXYL 活性 28%—181%、4%—304%和 13%—118%。
(4)土壤有机碳含量与 BG、CBH 和 BXYL 活性、MBC 及>2 000 μm、2 000—250 μm 团聚体比例呈显著正相关关系,与 250
—53 μm、<53 μm 团聚体比例呈显著负相关关系;BG、CBH、BXYL 3 种酶活性彼此之间表现为极显著正相关关系,且均
与 MBC、>2 000 μm 团聚体、2 000—250 μm 团聚体显著正相关,与<53 μm 团聚体极显著负相关。线性相关分析结果表
明水稳性大团聚体(>250 μm)可解释有机碳变化的 48%,MBC 可解释有机碳变化的 45%,BG、CBH 和 BXYL 酶活性分别可
解释有机碳变化的 66%、44%、53%。【结论】添加秸秆可显著提高土壤有机碳和大团聚体含量,促进微生物数量增加和土
壤酶活性增强,且对传统耕作土壤有机碳及其相关因素的影响更大,有机碳在土壤中的固定除了受团聚体物理保护外,还
受土壤中微生物作用的调节。
关键词:团聚体;有机碳;δ13C;土壤酶;添加秸秆;耕作措施
收稿日期:2020-05-31;接受日期:2020-07-14
基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200408、2016YFD0300804)
、国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD22B03) 、青岛农业大学博士基金(663/1120069)
联系方式:王碧胜,E-mail:wangbisheng2@126.com。通信作者武雪萍,E-mail:wuxueping@caas.cn。通信作者蔡典雄,E-mail:caidianxiong@caas.cn
6期 王碧胜等:不同耕作措施下添加秸秆对土壤有机碳及其相关因素的影响 1177
1
College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong; 2Institute of Agricultural Resources and
Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081; 3Institute of Environment and Sustainable
Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081;4College of Water Resources and
Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031
Abstract:【Objective】Straw addition is an effective means to increase soil organic carbon, which is significant to ensure the
sustainability of the organic carbon in the farmland system. This study aimed at investigating the effect of straw addition on soil
organic carbon (SOC) and related factors under different tillage treatments, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the management of
carbon sequestration and yield increase in northern dry farmland.【Method】The field soil samples from long-term conventional tillage
(CT) and no-tillage (NT) for in-lab incubation experiment were collected. Four treatments were set up, namely, conventional tillage
soil without straw (CT), no tillage soil without straw (NT), conventional tillage soil with straw (CTS), and no-till soil with straw
(NTS), respectively. Each treatment owned 15 repetitions. The incubation experiment was conducted in a constant temperature
incubator at 25 ℃ for 180 days, and the soil samples were periodically taken to determine the content of SOC, aggregate composition,
microbial biomass carbon and the activity of related enzymes.【Result】(1) Straw addition significantly increased the content of soil
organic carbon and large aggregates. Compared with CT, CTS increased SOC by 15%-46%; compared with NT, NTS increased SOC
12%-21%; compared to the initial organic carbon content, at the end of cultivation, CTS and NTS increased by 26.8% and 7.0%,
respectively. CTS and NTS had the highest particle size of 2 000-250 μm, accounting for 41%-50% of all aggregates. Compared with
CT, CTS increased the proportion of aggregates >250 μm by 235%-310%, and NTS increased the proportion of aggregates >250
μm by 96%-149%. (2) The addition of straw significantly increased the δ13C value of soil organic carbon. The CTS treatment was
80.93‰-115.22‰, NTS was 48.92‰-80.49‰; CTS straw-derived carbon was significantly higher than NTS by 13%-66%. (3) The
addition of straw significantly increased the microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content, β-glucosidase (BG), β-cellobiosidase (CBH)
and β-xylosidase (BXYL) activities. Compared with CT, CTS increased MBC content by 239%–623%, and increased BG, CBH and
BXYL activity by 58%-170%, 52%-337% and 117%-170%, respectively; compared to NT, NTS increased MBC content by
124%-555%, and increased BG, CBH and BXYL activities by 28%-181%, 4%-304% and 13%-118%. (4) Soil organic carbon was
significantly positively correlated with BG, CBH, BXYL activity, MBC and the proportion of >2 000 μm, 2 000-250 μm aggregates,
and negatively correlated with the proportion of 250-53 μm and <53 μm aggregates. The activities of BG, CBH and BXYL showed
a very significant positive correlation with each other, and were significantly positively correlated with MBC, >2 000 μm
aggregates, 2 000-250 μm aggregates, and extremely negative with <53 μm aggregates. Linear correlation analysis results showed
that water-stable macroaggregates (>250 μm) could explain 48% of organic carbon changes, MBC could explain 45% of organic
carbon changes, and BG, CBH and BXYL enzyme activities could explain 66%, 44% and 53% of organic carbon changes,
respectively.【Conclusion】The addition of straw could significantly increase the content of soil organic carbon and macroaggregates,
increase the number of microorganisms, and promote the soil enzyme activity. The impact on soil organic carbon and its related
factors was greater in conventional tillage soils. In addition to the physical protection of aggregates, the sequestration of straw carbon
in soil also depended on the role of microorganisms in the soil.
Key words: aggregate; soil organic carbon; δ13C; soil enzyme; straw addition; tillage practices
13
1.2 供试材料 秆为 C 标记玉米秸秆,采用连续标记的方法,在玉
2016 年(试验开始后第 14 年)秋季收获后,采 米拔节期至大喇叭口期,用 Ba13CO3(98 atom%,上
集 0—20 cm 土层原状土样和混合土样。原状土样带回 海化工研究院)和盐酸反应产生的 13CO2 连续标记 15
实验室,在通风阴凉处自然风干后沿土块天然断裂面 d,每天标记时间为 9:00—17:00,标记 15 d 后即收
轻轻掰开,将大的植物残体和石子砂砾去除,通过 6 取全株玉米,烘干,粉碎通过 2 mm 筛,有机碳含量
mm 筛子,用于测定初始土样水稳性团聚体。混合土 为 424.3 g·kg-1,全氮 18.7 g·kg-1,δ13C 值为 855.25‰。
样分为两部分,一部分迅速放入保鲜箱中带回实验室, 1.3 培养试验
过 2 mm 筛后放入-20℃冰箱中保存,用于测定微生物 试验设置 4 个处理,即传统耕作土壤不加秸秆
生物量碳和土壤酶活性;另一部分风干后通过 2 mm (CT)、免耕土壤不加秸秆(NT)、传统耕作土壤
筛子,用于室内培养试验[20]。CT 和 NT 土壤培养前初 加秸秆(CTS)和免耕土壤加秸秆(NTS),每个处
-1
始养分含量分别为:有机碳 21.65 和 28.51 g·kg ,全 理 15 次重复。添加秸秆处理均为取 5 g 标记玉米秸秆
-1 -1
氮 1.05 和 1.55 g·kg ,速效磷 12.0 和 46.3 mg·kg ,速 与过 2 mm 筛的风干土样 100 g(秸秆占风干土的质量
-1
效钾 106.0 和 173.0 mg·kg ,pH 8.12 和 7.76。供试秸 百分数为 5%)[21-22]混匀后装入 500 mL 的玻璃广口瓶
6期 王碧胜等:不同耕作措施下添加秸秆对土壤有机碳及其相关因素的影响 1179
图中小写字母代表处理间差异显著,大写字母代表不同培养时期间差异显著(P<0.05)
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments and different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between incubation
time (P<0.05)
图1 土壤有机碳含量
Fig. 1 The content of soil organic carbon
1180 中 国 农 业 科 学 54 卷
80 2000-250 μm
CT NT CTS NTS >2000 μm
70
团聚体比例 Aggregate proportion (%)
60
a a a a
50 a a a
a b
b
40
30 c
a b
b c b
20 b c c c d
d
10
a a a
ba c c b bb c c a b b ba a c cb
a
0
80 250-53 μm <53 μm
a
团聚体比例 Aggregate proportion (%)
70
a a
a a a a a b
60 a
a b
50 c
b bb bb d
c c
40 d
a
a a a
30 b b a
b a
cc b b
20 c b
c
cc c c c c
10
0
0 15 30 60 90 180 0 15 30 60 90 180
培养时间 Incubation time (d) 培养时间 Incubation time (d)
图中误差线为标准误差,不同小写字母代表不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)
Error bars represent standard errors. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (P<0.05)
图2 培养期间土壤水稳性团聚体组成
Fig. 2 The proportion of soil water-stable aggregate composition in each phase
6期 王碧胜等:不同耕作措施下添加秸秆对土壤有机碳及其相关因素的影响 1181
图中小写字母代表处理间差异显著,大写字母代表不同培养时期间差异显著(P<0.05)
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments and different uppercase letters indicate significant differences between incubation
time (P<0.05)
160
β-葡萄糖苷酶 BG (nmol·g-1·h-1)
500
bA aB 140
400 120 bA
100
300 cA aC aB
aB bB aD aD 80
cC bD aA
200 dA cC bE 60 aC
cD cB bB
dB bE cC aC aD
bC bF 40 aC aE
100 dA dA bD bD
dE cD cD
dDE 20 bB bC dC dD
cE
0 0
0 15 30 60 90 180 0 15 30 60 90 180
培养时间 Incubation time (d) 培养时间 Incubation time (d)
180
c
β-木糖苷酶 BXYL (nmol·g-1·h-1)
160
图中小写字母代表处理间差异显著,大写字母代表不同培养时期间差
140
aA 异显著(P<0.05)
120 Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between
100 treatments and different uppercase letters indicate significant differences
aA aB between incubation time (P<0.05)
80 bA
cB aC
60 bD aC
cA dB bE bE aD 图 5 土壤 β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)、β-纤维二糖苷酶(CBH)
40 dB cC bD
bB cE cF
20 dC dD dD 和 β-木糖苷酶(BXYL)活性
0 Fig. 5 The activity of β-glucosidase, β-cellobioside and β-
0 15 30 60 90 180
xylosidase
培养时间 Incubation time (d)
表2 土壤有机碳、土壤酶活性与微生物量碳、团聚体组成的相关系数
Table 2 The correlation of soil organic carbon, soil enzyme activity, and microbial biomass carbon and aggregates distribution
项目 Item SOC MBC BG CBH BXYL >2000 μm 2000-250 μm 250-53 μm <53 μm
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