of Pannai policed the Strait against all odds for 727 years.

) Upon their
rebellion against an invading Chola Empire, the people of Madja-as,
being loyalist warriors, conducted resistance movements against the
Hindu and Islamic invaders that arrived from the west from their new
home base in the Visayas islands.[107] This confederation reached its
peak under Datu Padojinog. During his reign the confederations'
hegemony extended over most of the islands of Visayas. Its people
consistently made piratical attacks against Chinese imperial shipping.
[108]

The Rajahnate of Cebu[edit]

Main article:  Rajahnate of Cebu
The Rajahnate of Cebu was a pre-colonial state. It was founded by Sri
Lumay otherwise known as Rajamuda Lumaya, a minor prince of
the Hindu Chola dynasty which happened to occupy Sumatra-
Indonesia. He was sent by the maharajah to establish a base for
expeditionary forces to subdue the local kingdoms but he rebelled and
established his own independent Rajahnate instead. This rajahnate
warred against the 'magalos' (slave traders) of Maguindanao and had
an alliance with the Rajahnate of Butuan and Indianized Kutai in South
Borneo, before it was weakened by the insurrection of Datu Lapulapu.
[109]

The Rajahnate of Butuan[edit]

Main article:  Rajahnate of Butuan
Rajahnate of Butuan


The Butuan Ivory Seal, displayed at the National Museum of the Philippines. The Kawi
script lettering says "But-wan" and the smaller lettering (similar to Baybayin) says "Bu-wa"
(diacritics for the "Wan/Ban" in Kawi and "Bu/Ba" in the smaller letters have worn off).


 


The Butuan Silver Paleograph excavated from the 1970s in Butuan inside of a wooden
coffin. (c. 14th–15th century).