Potential Secang (Caesalpinia sappan), Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea

batatas L), Garlic (Allium sativum L.). As a Covid-19 inhibitor drug

17 August 1945 University Jakarta
Alwan Rizal Hilmy1, Prof. Andrianov Syah, S.farm, MS2
Email:ijal3m@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Covid-19 (Corona Virus Disease of 2019) is a disease that infects the respiratory
tract in humans. This epidemic spreads almost all over the country. This virus spreads
very quickly through human-to-human contact and has become a troubling epidemic
because until now there is no drug and vaccine against the sars-CoV-2 virus that has
been in clinical trials to overcome the spread of this virus. One of the efforts to prevent
the spread of this epidemic is by increasing the body's immune system and
antimicrobials by supplementing and intake of foods containing antimicrobial
compounds and immune stimulation. Based on the literature study that has been done,
it is estimated that Indonesian plants have the potential to prevent and inhibit Covid-19.
Plants that have potential include Benalu (Dendrophtoe Sp.), Secang (Caesalpinia
sappan),

Keywords: Covid-19, Sars-cov-2, Garlic (Allium sativum L.), Secang (Caesalpinia sappan), Purple
Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L)

Covid-19 (corona virus Diseases of 2019) is epidemic disease infact human

respiratory system. Epidemic have been spreads all most in every country. The virus
spreads by contact with humans to humans transmission, accordingly this epidemic has
been troubling because no one clinically published drug and vaccine againt the sars-cov-
2 virus to prevent this virus. One step to prevention increase system immunity and
antimicrobial by supplement and intake food which contains antioxidant and
antimicrobial. Based on the study of literature predicted plant in Indonesia as the
prevent and obstruct covid-19. The plant which are potential is; Benalu (Dendrophtoe
Sp.), Secang (Caesalpinia sappan), and Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L).

Keywords: Covid-19, Sars-cov-2, Garlic (Allium sativum L.), Secang (Caesalpinia sappan), Purple
Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L)

PRELIMINARY
Corona Virus disesease 2019 (COVID-
19) is a disease outbreak that has raged in
almost all countries, according to WHO
(World Health Organization) data that
reported Indonesia as of 30 November
2020 experiencing an increase in the
Covid-19 outbreak in the past 1 year,
there were 527,999 cases, 16,646 deaths,
and the global situation there were
61,869,330 cases, deaths reached
1,448,896 (CFR 2.3%) over time
confirmed in 220 countries and 178 local
transmissions affected by the Covid-19
outbreak. The Ministry of Health of the
Republic of Indonesia reported that as of
29 November 2020, there were 527,999
confirmed cases of 16,646 people who
died due to the Covid-19 outbreak
(Ministry of Health of the Republic of
Indonesia 2020).
It was reported that the first COVID-19
outbreak in Wuhan China in December
2019, has killed around 1,800 people and
infected 70,000 on the first day of the
pandemic (Shereen et all, 2020). WHO
officially declared COVID-19 as a global
pandemic with international emergency
status in March 2020 (Sathel, 2020). The
World Helth Organization states that this
outbreak was caused by the Corona Virus
with a new starin called SARS-CoV-2
(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Corona Virus-2) (Lai et all, 2020).
Based on the results and evolutionary
analysis, bats are thought to be the host of
SARS-CoV-2, which is transmitted
through an intermediate host not yet
known to infect humans. It is known that
this virus infects Angiotensin-Converting
Enzym 2 (ACE2) in humans (Guo et all,
2020). The COVID-19 life cycle utilizes
S (spike), a protein that can bind to ACE2
in host cells and start the life cycle with
Mine Protease (MPro) at the replication
stage (Ahkam et all, 2020). The Chinese
government in January 2020 confirmed
that this virus spreads from person to
person. Can be transmitted through
airborne, droplets from coughing,
sneezing and contact (Lie et all, 2020).
The ability to survive the virus is quite
good in dry conditions, even this virus
mutates in the body and can spread in the
body, causing infection (Burhan et all,
2020).
SARS-CoV-2 comes from the genus
Bethacoronavirus. Initially it was known
to have strains of HKU1, MERS-CoV,
OC43, and SARS-CoV. However, it was
confirmed that the fifth strain of this
genus can cause pneumonia (Yu et all,
2020). Infected patients have symptoms
such as dry cough, sore throat, fever and
shortness of breath (Sohrabin et all,
2020). Viruses have the ability to mutate
significantly to cause infection, therefore
alternative prevention with vaccine
development requires a long period of
time, so far no vaccine has been found
that has been clinically tested as a
preventive solution (Supriyatna et all,
2020).
The troubling COVID-19 outbreak results
from rapid spread through human-human
contact. So that the number of sufferers
increases drastically in a short period of
time, but the Ministry of Health states that
recovery of viral infections can be done
without special treatment because the
virus is self-medication (Syahrir et all,
2020). The body's defense mechanism
will protect the body from infections,
bacteria, viruses, and parasites, thereby
eliminating foreign substances from the
body (Aripin, et al, 2019). At this time it
is very important for people to keep the
immune system strong to protect the body
from viral infections (Susilo et all, 2020).
One attempt toprevent the spread of the
COVID-19 outbreak by increasing the
body's immune system from antimicrobials
with supplements and intake of foods that
contain vitamin, mineral, and antioxidant
compounds. The role of vitamins can help
the smooth absorption of nutrients and
metabolism in the body, while minerals act
as coenzymes or cofactors and
antioxidants that strengthen the immune
system (Siswanto & Ernawati, 2013;
Thaha, 2010). Food and supplements
derived from animals or plants have
become the main source of medicines in
the health sector due to the use of synthetic
chemical drugs. Global demand is
increasing for herbal-based medicines
which allow for the cultivation of local
medicinal plants (Oladunmoye & Kahinde,
2011).
Therefore, this journal review
emphasizes local Indonesian plants as
medicinal plants that have the potential to
be used in preventing the spread of
COVID-19 which have the ability to act as
an immune booster, immunomodulator,
antimicrobial and antiviral which can
correlate with ACE2 or components of the
SARS-CoV-2 virus. . These plants include;
Secang (Caesalpinia sappan), Purple Sweet
Potato (Ipomoea batatas L), Garlic (Allium
sativum L.).
Secang (Caesalpinia sappan) is a
plant that grows in tropical areas at an
altitude of 1000 m above the water surface.
Traditionally by the community since time
immemorial as an anti-bacterial ingredient,
anti-inflammatory ingredient, natural
coloring agent, herbal formula or health
drink ingredients, preservatives in chili
paste and additional ingredients in skin
care and body care formulations.
 Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L)
is a good source of energy in the form of
carbohydrates, as well as a source of
vitamins and minerals. The content of
sweet potatoes in the form of provitamin A
reaches 9000 SI / 100 g, especially sweet
potatoes whose tuber flesh is orange or
orange. The content of vitamin B1, B6,
Niacin and vitamin C in sweet potatoes is
also quite adequate. Sweet potatoes also
contain bioactive compounds that function
for health, namely anthocyanins, beta
carotene, and sera. Purple sweet potato is
especially high in anthocyanins and
phenolic compounds.
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a
commodity that is widely used as a
cooking spice because it has a specific
preferred flavor. Garlic is also known to
have health benefits so it is used in
medicinal herbs. Garlic contains 58.58%
water, 6.36% protein, 0.40% fat, 33.06%
carbohydrates, 2.1% total dietary fiber, 1%
sugar, 0.09% saturated fatty acids, and
fatty acids unsaturated 0.25%.
METHOD
The method used in this article is an online
literary study obtained by accessing
national and international scientific
journals as well as scientific articles
related to COVID-19 and the
pharmacological activities of plants in
Indonesia.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Secang wood contains active
compounds in the form of phenolic
with chemical structures in the form of
brazilin, chalcone, protosapanin and
flavonoids. The content of secang
compounds is very high, namely
220.52 mM gallic acid equivalent / g
(Kusuma IW 2007)
The brazilin compound which has
low energy will interact strongly with
the viral protein target so that the viral
replication process will be disrupted
and inhibited. Other studies have also
found that secang extract is very
effective in inhibiting the replication of
Procin reproductive and respiratory
syndrome virus (PRRSV) in MARC-
145 cells that have been tested in vitro
in livestock. (Sunith VS, et all 2014).
The results showed the
recommended dose at susceptible to
10-50 mg / kg for body weight. While
the recommended dosage as anti-
oxidant is 60.5 g / mL and as anti-
inflammatory is 0.1 g / mL, assuming
 the brazilin compound in secang did not show any abnormalities for the
extract has high purity. The liver, kidneys and spleen (Pertamawati,
administration of secang wood extract et all 2017).
at a dose of 875 mg / oak for 3 months

B. Purple Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea provide mild inhibition in the early

batatas L) The high anthocyanin stages of the influenza virus cycle and
content in purple sweet potatoes causes provide a faster recovery effect after
the sweet potatoes to have a purple infection. This is due to the role of
color which is quite stable during anthocyanins in blocking viral
storage. Anthocyanins are phenolic glycoproteins and increasing the
components of the flavonoid group that expression of the genes interleuikin-6,
are water soluble, play a role in color interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis
formation and have antioxidant factor in the immune system.
activity. Anthocyanins can function as C. Garlic (Allium Sativum) The active
immunodulators and can reduce the components in garlic are allisin
risk of degenerative diseases such as (organosulfur group), diallyl trisulfide
cardiovascular disease, (organosulfur group), ajoene
antherosclorosis and cancer. (organosulfur group) and quercetin
Anthocyanins as antioxidants play (flavonoid group). The allisin
a role in counteracting free radicals by compound is obtained from the allin
inhibiting the production of free component (S-allil-cysteine) which is
radicals or inactivating free radicals broken down by the allinase enzyme
that have been formed so that they do into allisin. Quercetin plays a role in
not damage the immune system or inhibiting the formation of RNA
lymphocytes. In vivo studies have polymerase which is needed in viral
shown that proanthocyanidin replication in body cells. Allisin and
induction can significantly increase quercetin also alter the transcript and
immunity, carbon-clearing ability and translation of the viral genome in host
T lymphocyte activity, and promote cells and inhibit viral growth. Some
hemolysin formation in mice. literature states that these two active
Anthocyanins as cyanidine 3 components are effective in inhibiting
glucosides can increase the immune the Ebola virus, influenza A, influenza
system and act as anthocyanins to B, rhinovirus, HIV, herpes simplex
virus 1, herpes simplex virus, and plants have the potential to inhibit
potato virus Y. The active components COVID-19.
in garlic also function as antibacterial,
The flavonoids in garlic are effective in
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