What are the reasonings behind desirable characteristics of symmetric encryption

algorithm?

Answer

Cryptography, the avalanche effect is a desirable characteristic of cryptographic algorithms,

typically block ciphers and cryptographic hash functions. If the input changes slightly (say,
inverting 1 bit), the output changes significantly (say, half of the output). bit flip).

Symmetric encryption is a type of cipher in which only one key (private key) is used for both
encryption and decryption of electronic information. Entities communicating via symmetric
encryption must exchange keys so that they can be used in the decryption process.

make a note on time required to defeat the following encryption algorithms

1. Caesar.

Answer
Caesar Cipher technology is one of the earliest and easiest ciphers. This is just the type of
alternate password. That is, each letter in the given text is replaced with a fixed number of
letters below the alphabet.

2. Monoalphabetic Ciphers

Answer
Monoalphabetic cipher is an alternative password in which the alphabet of each common
alphabet password for a particular key is fixed throughout the encryption process. For
example, if "A" is encrypted with "D", then "A" is always encrypted with "D", regardless of
how many times it occurs in the text.

3. Playfair Cipher

Answer

Playfair cipher is an encryption algorithm that encrypts and encodes messages. It's the same
as a traditional password. The only difference is that it encrypts double characters (two
character pairs) instead of single characters. First, create a key table for a 5 * 5 matrix.
If the paired characters are the same in playfair cipher, null is added between the characters.
You can make all characters null, not the ones that repeat.

4. Hill Cipher.

Answer
The classic cryptography, Hill cryptography, is a polygraphic substitution cipher based on
linear algebra. Invented by Lester S. Hill in 1929, this cipher was the first polygraphic
encryption to be practical (although rarely) capable of manipulating more than three symbols
at a time.

5. Vigenère Cipher

Answer
Vigenere Cipher is a method of encrypting alphabetic text. Use multiple alphabetic
substitutions in simple form. Multi-alphabet passwords are alternative-based passwords that
use multiple alternative alphabets. Encryption of the original text is performed using
Vigenère squares or Vigenère tables.

6. Vernam Cipher

Answer
Vernam Cipher is a method of encrypting alphabetic text. This is one of the transposition
techniques for converting plaintext to ciphertext. This mechanism assigns a number to each
character in PlainText