ip Designation: D 5878 - 95 ‘Standard Guide for Soon eases Smee oe Using Rock-Mass Classification Systems for Engineering Purposes’ “Tha standard is ised under the asd designation D S478; he number imately flowing the designation indica the year of ‘tal adoption or inte case of revision, the Yar flat ein, A number in parentheses fdas the year of reapproval. A ‘Stpenerpt elon () adiates a edo cage lace he st eisioe or approval 41. Scope LLL This guide covers the selection of suitable system of classification of rock mass for specific engineering purposes, such as tunneling and shaft-sinking, excavation of rock chambers, ground support, modification and stabilization of rock slopes, and preparation of foundations and abutments, ‘These classification systems may also be of use in work on rippability of rock, quality of construction materials, and ‘erosion resistance. Although widely used classification sys- tems are treated in tis guide, systems not included here may ’be more appropriate in some situations, and may be added to subsequent editions of this standard. 1.2 The valid, effective use of this guide is contingent upon the prior complete definition of the engincering purposes to be served and on the complete and competent Gefinition of the geology and hydrology of the engineering Site, Further, the person or persons using this guide must have had field experience in studying rock-mass behavior. ‘An appropriate reference for geological mapping in the underground is provided by Guide D 4879. 1.3 This guide identifies the essential characteristics of cach of the five included classification systems. It does not include detailed guidance for application to all engineering purposes for which a particular system might be validly used. Detailed descriptions of the five systems are presented in STP 984 (1) with abundant references to source literature 1.4 The range of applications of each of the systems has grown sinos its inception. This guide summarizes the major fields of application up to this time of each of the five classification systems. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user ofthis standard to establish appro- priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- bility of regulatory limitations prior to use 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards. D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids 12938 Test Method for Unconfined Compressive ‘Strength of Intact Rock Core Specimens? "Thiet eto wader the juritiction of ASTM Commits D1 on So nd Roce and iste dre reponabilty of Subcommitee DUBEZ on Rock Mechanic | ‘Gameteftonarproved Dec 10,198. Published February 1996, 5 The beldace wumbern en in parentheses rer oli f references tthe ed athe text nna Book of ASTM Standard, Vol 04.08 14879 Guide for Geotechnical Mapping of Large Under ground Openings in Rock? 3. Terminology 341 Definitions: 3.1.1 classification, n—a systematic arrangement or divi- sion of materials, products, systems, or services into groups based on similar characteristics such as origin, composition, properties, or use Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Commitiees* 3.1.2 rock mass (in situ rock), n—tock as it occurs in situ, including both the rock material and its structural discontinuities (Modified after Terminology D 653 {ISRM)). 3.1.3 rock material (intact rock, rock substance, rock element), n—rock without structural discontinuities; rock en which standardized laboratory property tests are run, 3.1.4 structural discontinuity (discontinuity), »—an inter- ruption or abrupt change in a rock's structural properties, such as strength, elasticity, or density, usually occurring across internal surfaces or zones, such as bedding, parting, cracks, joints, faults, or cleavage. Nore {To some extent, 3.1, 3.1.2, and 3.1.4 are scalerelaed. A rock's microfracures might be structural discontinuities toa petrolopt, but to a field geologist the same rock could be considered intact. Simianly, the localized occurrence of jointed rock (rk mas) could be ‘nconsogvential in regional enalyis. 3.1.5 For the definition of other terms that appear in this guide, refer to STP 984, Guide 4879, and Terminology D653. 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.2.1 classification system, n—a group or hierarchy of classifications used in combination for a designated purpose, such as evaluating or rating a property or other characteristic of a rock mass. 4, Significance and Use 4.1 The classification systems included in this guide and their respective applications are as follows: 4.1.1 Rock Mass Rating System (RMR) or Geomechanics Classification—This system has been applied to tunneling, hard-rock mining, coal mining, stability of rock slopes, rock foundations, borability, rippability, dredgability, weather- ability, and rock botting. 1.2. Rock Structure Rating System (RSR)—This system thas been used in tunnel support and excavation and in other ground support work in mining and construction, “Avable from ASTM Headguates, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19628.@) vse7e Q«Nch RQD % : a K a Ss TH FOR Jy | | Z emow ot) | E ise s T b A N (,) and os 7 es ot 8 . T THO ALS THis] [—Goareo T wrnieo [reat] dj, A N F (0) atraion : verte BeTweey RTT TS . eae LOWS [PRESS dy ¢ qT (| 1 Vv E we ee 5 meee] (Get) Cem] (emeseeere sre i ce E [for $s s Dawe WHWS WHsts WOFTS TI) 0 5878 URCS DEGREE OF WEATWERIME fiicza Frosh | Visually Fresh | Seetned Sate | Partly Seconpoced | Gonpletely Deconponea Stace Seate stare Stace rs) wr) ce) os} (eas) A B c D E RELATIVE ABSORPTION maesmsune | rustic | 457° | piasrie | mastic srinaren staencr CElatic) | Getstonaty | (Conpreseion) hears) Geiattes ce ‘eo oo ea) a A B £ a >1s000 pai | 8000-13000 a1" | 3000-G000 pet* | 1000-3000 Taie [mare [acer sa Samm rent nate oxen ures Tar RT a aT ne cua tame | “Oper we ee se, | Suites | deities aay | Taal a om ow A . ¢ 3 € EEE aR 18h | ssaaso me | oie et | sao nt spe S80 [SBT | MEL | ABS. | RTL " . c D E(pouygucoun 30 pauTsucs) aoesane 2ya30u0FaUe304/4 fagaqgonpites 2ytNezDAH (soyazedoag_TeT799¢M 1004 (orszedozg TeTAeIeM You ropntouy Kew equowsts TeoTdAL soon oor pue {e[xeqea yo0X Jo uoTaegerdxagUT isazode pL ‘deg pousttqna go neyaas, feqep wezowozeTd 20/pue ‘soTod yap atten woraeateago “StTan Taqen :6ura803 9, Aq pouyureaap 94 0b :BOYSTeGOLE STBOTOIDATOSD se3s03 ofp {soTazedoad Gh 0 seve reweto oou persTua s(g0u) uoyzeubysep AatTenb x00H senots eae ‘Kydeabodos 3 yor ‘seyyywsozuooun 1837 (snouzaava 'paTty3 "poauomen “ued ypntouy eu equowete peoydAL suoraentens ofydzonos6 pue ‘sysAteue oTdues 9709 ‘uOTSe2 woidleauy Azebesy enowe2 ‘Kearns [eoysAudoad ‘burddew O76 “Btoeb Ay pouyuseaep of OL SOTHTOCOIT SEL ASCE (@) (swoyytutzea (ou 20 Buyuyerp-0os3):Aaysorod Axwersd oate 0 sousse2d oqou /quaK29 50 odKs /3uaored aaeuise Usyeaoute Azoasoone pue redroutzd) -kboTeroUTH TET xYpUSaEY eos (Azepuocse ‘kxeuyzd) 90s uOTseEI03 x00H repntout sew squowete TeotdAs, “AboTouyexe3 TeoTSotoss pxepuess buysn inasye pus "apuddoxaqno 'eBuraan> TITIP “SuoTs tyenet sauepysuos dozoano (2) (:o28 ‘uadep ‘uoryeaa ‘orudexbo05) uoyae20T (a) (coxe 4921 atun yoom /asquos nuusta) TuoTReUBTsed (8) uoyarubysep ayzounu-eudre 20 eeu Aq 0T? posstauepy aq ues 31uN Xo0r UL "Tenet eDueprzUsD dozoaNe Jordorstorsur ue pyaozd pynoye. urna UT "yDTUR Uorazes pyudeabyseras Uy Zo dosoano Wy 3Tun oy Jo qw9aKS pure LOTS 2iSot ous opnrauy prnous 3yUN xSor Yoes Jo UoTadTsos9p OME “NOTINOTATINTOY LINE HOE“ ———=_nst801000 raed syoetord MOELYOTATSSYID LENA x00 souptane posetduos 2 jo opdaexs ue 103 AT xTP 400 WPa TT 200 = 300 kPa 190 - 200 KPa < 100 APe@) 0 5878 RMR TABLE 2—fet of dscontinulty ike and ip ovlemaions in tneling. Seike Perpendicular Tung Axis Drive with Dip Drive again Dip Dip 20-45" Dip 45-50" Dip 20-45" Verytavorble___‘Frvrale Fair Unfavorable Swike Parallel to Tunoel Axis lespectve of Strike oF ip Dipo-20" Fale TABLE 3—Adjauments 10 the Geomerhanis Clasiiaon for ing apoicaions [TSen [tinny ame] mot wo | "Siathem Ae Tong wat Dacoiaany | | Deconinaty | ieaiw sien & ‘eniy i renaen || Guge of ste nod. 20 “Sosmor Spc: 29 n Rainy: = tata | Tir fain & Diconiows — || ictus conn : tame os | oho jeans Re Groménaiee conan RMR Ap Ayxs meee |_| meas@h 0 5878 iw Senate Boa We BR SHON at a ont owns re coe won weiss ‘ a ow ows res [worsens (ose) ‘ « wow) venga ‘VAY TWNOILIGGY GN SwIVABE TWHNID | ‘SNOLVANBIUO dia ONY StS “roawiooe Po sn esa a BADE BHI BSN TET PHITRS io gies at ea ps sae cs ee eo uw 99> a nm ‘80704 40 SLTAVS HOF oe . os ovr ost cot eau awnssand wasn eer aut “HGR” yo “Shales vonwesaaa sm OL 2d MOAN! Swerve 006 1OviN 29 HIONERLS ‘eiva enous es neu Tommdiag Arend oy > Ow param so 809 ‘ese> yen sod 08 puearan dnt, wos-sz Auer 004 pane see a00H1 aL 05 one poason At zis, (Guunwunoo! sonausisuad “GEIIARIINOOSIO 30 9008 TM ‘SBLLINNANODEG 90 NOILIGNOD ‘MOWO GNW 5uhi 900M (woreks uy) UeTIEOT FTEESTO srueussucsn Bu 209 wing eaee aNGuT ARE@) 05878 RSR 1. Reck type neo FIG. 1—-Schematic of Rock Serre Rain. x Rock structure rating Rock tyoe, stvength index and geoiogic structure FIG, Parameter &Qh D se78 RSR J—Parameer Parameter © Rock structure rating FIG. 4 Parameter C.4} Ds876 QwG) ate or he pean Ta Oi Bon 0 | [oro nainrr zal te — ae: —| | geese Tass ar hae tea nenemacaeeees whem || tinue ba re eee ce ett 2 ec) fas ones ca iF ee Ree gs a7 7 ae Rego re aril |e a Ane as S| cas ee oma seen — 3 | aera ernnarer een Gy hie ceaniaegesan aeciarnemenen || sb imenrtaa/atematseemae meeterer Tact amnesic | a | me aa nse a — Wfotea nearer eneer pone] ier oe m ro me 3 Micomman ances ne ee 7 Dnt Ateston Rnb 3] «|| ese ol a ietanmar baie SS meee ae oe ro lak eee Bigs mecca Tene tiekndette taarne awe + fiatnisac eogeny—f rae oo LABS ue Senate nce |e febsitienhnatt trie daterad [ase | a0 Fences ra Escenas aaa one ‘ib sit ee om | ‘hee re ae mW everan Sere a [eee ee arma TTT ra ere OMT or eater stony ini eS ER a ToT * | PSone cle ee a a no wae ET oe ae