NAME INDICATION SIDE EFFECT ADVERSE EFFECT MECHANISM OF NURSING

ACTION MANAGEMENT
Infections diarrhea  fever, chills, body aches, Semisynthetic second- Determine history
GENERIC: caused by dizziness flu symptoms, chest pain, generation of hypersensitivity
CEFUROXIME susceptible  headache fast or pounding cephalosporin reactions to
organisms in the drowsiness heartbeats, unusual antibiotic with structure cephalosporins,
BRAND: lower respiratory itching/swellin bleeding, blood in your similar to that of the penicillins, and
PROFUREX tract, urinary g urine or dark colored penicillins. Resistance history of
tract, skin, and  rash urine, seizure (convulsion against beta- allergies,
CLASSIFICATI skin structures;  nausea s), confusion, weakness, j lactamase-producing particularly to
ON: also used for  vomiting aundice (yellowing of the strains exceeds that of drugs, before
ANTIBACTERI treatment of skin or eyes), severe first generation therapy is initiated
 abdominal
AL meningitis, blistering/peeling/red skin cephalosporins.
pain
ROUTE: gonorrhea, and rash, bruising, severe Antimicrobial spectrum Inspect IM and IV
 stomach
IV otitis media and tingling, numbness, pain, of activity resembles injection sites
upset
for perioperative muscle weakness, that of cefonicid. frequently for
prophylaxis  gas. increased thirst, loss of Preferentially binds to signs of phlebitis.
(e.g., open-heart appetite, swelling, weight one or more of the
surgery), early gain, shortness of breath, penicillin-binding
Lyme disease. painful or difficult proteins (PBP) located
urination,  on cell walls of
susceptible organisms.
This inhibits third and
final stage of bacterial
cell wall synthesis,
thus killing the
bacterium.
NAME INDICATION SIDE ADVERSE EFFECT MECHANISM NURSING
EFFECT OF ACTION MANAGEMENT
Treatment of moderate  Abdominal or Antibacterial Obtain history of
GENERIC: to severe appendicitis, Diarrhea stomach combination hypersensitivity
PIPERACILLIN- uncomplicated and bloating or cramps, pain, product to penicillins,
TAZOBACTAM complicated skin and swelling of or tenderness consisting of the cephalosporins,
skin structure the face,  agitation semisynthetic or other drugs
BRAND: infections, endometritis, arms,  bone pain piperacillin and prior to
VIGOCID pelvic inflammatory hands, lower  bruising the beta- administration.
disease, or nosocomial legs, or feet.  chills lactamase
CLASSIFICATION or community-acquired  cold sweats inhibitor Monitor patient
: pneumonia caused by tazobactam. carefully during
 cough
ANTIBACTERIAL piperacillin-resistant, Tazobactam the first 30 min
 deep or fast
piperacillin/tazobactam- component does after initiation of
breathing with
ROUTE: susceptible, beta- not decrease the the infusion for
dizziness
IV lactamase-producing activity of the signs of
bacteria.  depression piperacillin hypersensitivity
component
against
susceptible
organisms.
Name Indication Side Effects Adverse Effect Mechanism of Nursing
Action Consideration
Brand Name: is a short-acting  fast or slow Paresthesias A positive Monitor
Propofol medication that heart rate, (including burning, modulation of the hemodynamic
results in a  high or low tingling, stinging) inhibitory function status and assess
Generic Name: decreased level of blood pressure, and/or pruritus, of the for dose-related
Diprivan consciousness usually neurotransmitter hypotension.
and lack of  injection manifested in the gama-
Classification: memory for site reactions perineal region aminobutyric acid Take seizure
Anesthesia events. Its uses (burning, stinging, (GABA) through precautions.
include the or pain), GABA-A Tonic-clonic
Route: IV starting and  apnea, receptors. Rapid - seizures have
maintenance  rash, and. time to onset of occurred following
of general unconsciousness general
 itching.
anesthesia, is 15-30 seconds, anesthesia with
sedation due to rapid propafol.
for mechanically distribution from
ventilated adults, plasma to the Be alert to the
and procedural CNS potential for drug
sedation. It is also induced excitation
used for status (e.g., twitching,
epilepticus if other tremor,
medications have hyperclonus) and
not worked. It is take appropriate
given by injection safety measures.
into a vein.
Maximum effect Provide comfort
takes about two measures; pain at
minutes to occur the injection site is
and it typically quite common
lasts five to ten especially when
minutes. small veins are
 used.

Name Indication Side Effect Adverse Effect Mechanism of Nursing Consideration

 action
Brand Name: indicated for  dry  CNS: Blurred The most  History: Hypersensi
AstraZeneca temporary mouth, vision, important tivity to
blockade of  blurred mydriasis, therapeutic anticholinergics;
Generic severe or life vision, cycloplegia, action of glaucoma; adhesions
Name: threatening photophobia, atropine is the between iris and lens;
muscarinic  sensitivity increased IOP, inhibition of stenosing peptic ulcer;
Atropine
effects, e.g., as to light, headache, smooth pyloroduodenal
sulfate
an  lack of flushing, muscle and obstruction; paralytic
Classification: antisialagogue, sweating, nervousness, glands ileus; intestinal atony;
anticholinergic an antivagal  dizziness, weakness, innervated by severe ulcerative
s. agent, an dizziness, postganglionic colitis; toxic
 nausea,
Route:IM, IV antidote for insomnia, cholinergic megacolon;
organophosphor loss of mental nerves.  It symptomatic prostatic
us or muscarinic balance, confusion or also has hypertrophy; bladder
mushroom  hypersens excitement central neck obstruction;
poisoning, and to itivity reactions (after even small nervous bronchial asthma;
treat (such as skin doses in the system COPD; cardiac
bradyasystolic rash) elderly), nasal activity, which arrhythmias;
cardiac arrest. congestion may be myocardial ischemia;
 CV: Palpitatio stimulating or impaired metabolic,
ns, bradycardia depressing liver, or renal function;
(low doses), depending myasthenia gravis;
tachycardia upon the Down syndrome;
(higher doses) dose.  brain damage;
 GI: Dry Following the spasticity;
mouth, altered administration hypertension;
taste perception, of usual hyperthyroidism;
nausea, clinical doses, lactation
vomiting, atropine  Physical: Skin
dysphagia, produces color, lesions, texture;
heartburn, stimulation of T; orientation,
constipation, the medulla reflexes, bilateral grip
 bloated feeling, and higher strength; affect;
paralytic ileus, cerebral ophthalmic
gastroesophage centers.  This examination; P, BP;
al reflux effect is R, adventitious
 GU: Urinary manifested by sounds; bowel
hesitancy and mild central sounds, normal GI
retention; vagal output; normal urinary
impotence excitation and output, prostate
 Other: Decrea moderate palpation; LFTs, renal
sed sweating respiratory function tests, ECG
and stimulation. 
predisposition to Atropine
heat prostration, sulfate also
suppression of acts
lactation peripherally
as a
competitive
antagonist of
the muscarinic
actions of
acetylcholine. 
It does not
prevent the
release of
acetylcholine
but
antagonizes
the effect of
acetylcholine
on the effector
cells.  These
actions
include
vasodilation,
drying of the
mouth, an
increase in
the pulse rate,
inhibition of
contractions
of the
gastrointestin
al tract, ureter,
and bladder,
and reduction
of salivary,
bronchial,
gastric and
sweat gland
secretions. 
Following
clinical and
larger doses,
atropine
sulfate causes
dilation of the
pupils and
paralysis of
accommodati
on and in
narrow-angle
glaucoma,
can increase
intraocular
pressure. 
Name Indication Side Effect Adverse Effect Mechanism of Nursing
 action consideratrion
Brand Name: indicated in the  nausea, A primarily Lab tests: Culture
Body as a
Cleocin treatment of  vomiting, bacteriostatic and susceptibility
Whole: Fever, serum
serious infections c effect. At higher testing should be
 diarrhea, sickness,
Generic aused by concentrations, it performed initially
 stomach sensitization, swelling
Name: susceptible may be and periodically
of face (following
Clindamycin anaerobic bacteria. pain, bactericidal. It is a during therapy.
topical use),
Clindamycin is also joint pain, bacterial protein Periodic CBC with
generalized myalgia,
Classification indicated in the synthesis inhibitor differential and
: treatment of  vaginal superinfections, by inhibiting platelet count.
proctitis, vaginitis,
Antibiotics serious infections d itching or ribosomal
discharge, pain, induration,
ue to susceptible translocation, in a Monitor BP and
 skin rash sterile abscess
Route: strains of similar way to pulse in patients
or itching, (following IM
IM, IV streptococci, macrolides. receiving drug
injections);
pneumococci, and heartburn, parenterally.
thrombophlebitis (IV
staphylococci. Hypotension has
infusion). CV: Hypote
occurred following
nsion (following
IM injection.
IM), cardiac
Advise patient to
arrest (rapid
remain
IV). GI: Diarrhea, abd
ominal pain,
recumbent
flatulence,
following drug
bloating, nausea,
administration
vomiting, pseudomem
until BP has
branous colitis;
stabilized.
esophageal irritation,
loss of taste,
Severe diarrhea
medicinal taste (high
and colitis,
IV doses), jaundice,
including
abnormal liver
pseudomembrano
function
us colitis, have
tests. Hematologic: Le
been associated
ukopenia,
eosinophilia, agranulo
with oral (highest
cytosis,
incidence),
thrombocytopenia. Ski
parenteral, and
n: Skin
topical
rashes, urticaria,
clindamycin.
pruritus, dryness,
Report
contact dermatitis,
immediately the
gram-negative
onset of watery
folliculitis, irritation,
diarrhea, with or
oily skin.
without fever;
passage of tarry
or bloody stools,
pus, intestinal
tissue, or mucus;
abdominal
cramps, or ileus.
Symptoms may
appear within a
few days to 2 wk
after therapy is
begun or up to
several weeks
following
cessation of
therapy.

Closely observe
older adult and
bedridden
patients, as they
are at a higher
risk of developing
 severe colitis.

Be alert to signs
of super infection.

Be alert for signs

of anaphylactoid
reactions that
require immediate
attention.

Name Indication Side Effect Adverse effect Mechanism of Nursing

action consideration
Brand Name: - The Reduce pulmonary  Fentanyl is a - Repeated
Sublimaze treatment of  redness and compliance and/or potent opioid intraoperative
breakthrough irritation of your apnoea, analgesic that doses can
Generic Name: cancer pain in bronchoconstriction increases pain cause
Fentanyl patients skin where you , laryngospasm; threshold, respiratory
receiving apply the patch nausea, vomiting; alters pain depression to
Classification: opioid bradycardia, reception and persist into the
Buccal, epidural, therapy.  nausea oedema, CNS inhibits postoperative
IM, IV, sublingual, skin depression, ascending period.
patch  vomiting confusion, pain pathways
- Analgesia dizziness, by binding to
Route: during drowsiness, stereospecific - Fentanyl
 tiredness
Opioid, analgesic operations, headache, receptors w/in interferes with
enhancement sedation, the CNS. respiratory
of  dizziness hypotension, function and
anaesthesia. peripheral pupil reaction,
 trouble sleeping vasodilation, both of which
increased are essential
 constipation intracranial parts of
pressure, itching, neurological
 increased rash, erythema, assessment.
sweating papules, pruritus,
exfoliative
dermatitis, pustules, - Assess the
 feeling cold
macular rash; gum therapeutic
bleeding and response and
 headache in
irritation, taste
perversion, dental breakthrough
 diarrhea caries, tooth loss, cancer pain
gum line erosion; consider
 loss of appetite throat irritation, adjustment of
nasal ulcers, background
epistaxis, analgesia
rhinorrhoea; where this is
coughing; urinary appropriate.
retention.

- Excessive
heat may
increase
absorption
from patches
so local heat
should not be
 applied and
patients with
fever should
be carefully
monitored.

Name Indication Side Effect Adverse Mechanism of action Nursing consideration

Effect
Brand indicated for the  nausea Occur thought to act as a Assess patient for level of
Name: complete or partial , vomiting, secondarily to competitive pain after administration
Narcan reversal of diarrhea, reversal antagonist at mc, κ, when used to treat
opioid depression, stomach pain; (withdrawal) and σ opiate postoperative respiratory
Generic including  fever, of narcotic receptors in the CNS; depression. Naloxone decre
Name: respiratory depressi sweating, analgesia and it is thought that the ases respiratory depression
Nalaxone on, induced by body aches, sedation. drug has the highest but also reverses analgesia.
natural and weakness; Mental affinity for the μ Assess patient for signs and
Classificatio synthetic opioids,  tremors depression, receptor. In contrast symptoms of opioid
n: including or shivering, apathy, to levallorphan or withdrawal (vomiting,
Opioid propoxyphene, fast heart rate, inability to nalorphine, naloxone  restless- ness, abdominal
methadone and pounding concentrate, has little or no cramps, increased BP, and
Route: certain mixed heartbeats, sleepiness, agonistic activity temperature)
IM, IV agonist-antagonist increased irritability,
analgesics: blood anorexia,
nalbuphine, pressure; nausea, and
pentazocine,  feeling vomiting in
butorphanol, and nervous, high oral
cyclazocine. restless, or doses during
irritable; initial
treatment of
 gooseb opiate
umps, addiction.
shivering; Potentially
 runny Fatal: Severe
nose, yawning cardiopulmon
ary effects
(e.g.
hypotension,
hypertension,
ventricular
tachycardia
and
fibrillation,
dyspnoea,
pulmonary
oedema,
cardiac arrest)
in
postoperative
patients, most
 frequently in
those with
preexisting
CV disease.
Recurrence of
respiratory
depression in
long-acting
opioids.

Name Indication Side Adverse effect Mechanism of action Nursing

effect consideratio
n
Brand a volatile Signs of general dose dependent Assess
Similar to many general anesthetics,
Name: anesthetic an extensions of patients
the exact mechanism of the action
Forane that is allergic pharmacophysiologic effec with
has not been clearly
approved reaction, ts and include respiratory neuromuscu
delineated. Isoflurane reduces pain
Generic by the like rash depression, hypotension lar disease
sensitivity (analgesia) and relaxes
Name: Federal hives; and arrhythmias. carefully
muscles. Isoflurane likely binds
Isoflurane Drug itching; Shivering, nausea, and adjust
to GABA, glutamate and glycine recep
Administrati red, vomiting and ileus have drug
tors, but has different effects on each
Classificati on (FDA) swollen, been observed in the dosage
receptor. Isoflurane acts as a positive
on: for the blistered, postoperative period. using a
allosteric modulator of
General induction or peripheral
the GABAA receptor in
Anesthesia and peeling nerve
electrophysiology studies of neurons
maintenanc skin with stimulator
and recombinant receptors. It
Route: e of or without when they
potentiates glycine receptor activity,
Inhalation general fever; experience
which decreases motor function. It
anesthesia. wheezing; prolonged
inhibits receptor activity in
tightness neuromuscu
the NMDA glutamate receptor
in the lar blocks.
subtypes. Isoflurane inhibits
chest or conduction in activated potassium
throat; Monitor
channels. Isoflurane also affects
trouble hemodynam
intracellular molecules. It
breathing, ic status
activates calcium ATPase by
swallowin carefully in
increasing membrane fluidity. It binds
g, or patients
to the D subunit of ATP
talking; with
synthase and NADH dehydrogenase.
unusual significant
hoarsene General anaesthesia with isoflurane cardiovascu
ss; or reduces lar disease
swelling plasma endocannabinoid AEA concen or those
of the trations, and this could be a with
mouth, consequence of stress potentially
face, lips, reduction after loss of consciousness. greater
tongue, or sensitivity to
throat. release of
histamine-
type
mediators
asthma.
 Monitor for
significant
drop in BP
because
overdose
may
increase the
risk of
hemodynam
ic adverse
effects.

Name Indication Side Effect Adverse Effect Mechanism of action Nursing

consideration
Brand Name:  indicated for the  salivation, Muscarinic Inhibits the hydrolysis Check pulse
Prostigmine symptomatic treatment   increased adverse of acetylcholine by before giving
of myasthenia gravis. mucus, effects include competing with drug to
Generic Its greatest usefulness nausea; acetylcholine for bradycardic
Name: is in prolonged therapy muscle vomiting; attachment to patients. If
Neostigmine where no difficulty in twitching, abdominal acetylcholinesterase at below 60/min
 swallowing is present. bowel or cramping and, sites of cholinergic or other
Classification: abdominal cramps, of course, transmission. It established
Cholinergic  nausea, salivation; enhances parameter,
along with the cholinergic action by consult
Route:  vomiting, potential for facilitating the physician.
IM, IV, SC  diarrhea, bronchial transmission of Atropine will
 decreased secretions and impulses across be ordered to
pupil size, bronchospasm neuromuscular restore heart
Nicotinic junctions rate. Monitor
adverse pulse,
effects include respiration,
muscle and BP
cramps, during period
fasciculation, of dosage
muscle adjustment in
weakness treatment of
myasthenia
gravis.

Report
promptly and
record
accurately
the onset of
myasthenic
symptoms
and drug
adverse
effects in
relation to
last dose in
order to
assist
physician in
determining
lowest
effective
dosage
schedule.

Reduce
possible GI
(muscarinic)
side effects,
which occur
especially
during early
therapy, by
giving drug
with milk or
food.
Physician
may
prescribe
atropine or
other
anticholinergi
c agent to
suppress
side effects