1.

Negative feedback is a process by which:

A. A hormone is fed back to the pituitary, telling it to stop further release of that hormone
B. The deficiency of a certain hormone stimulates a gland to release more of that hormone
C. The central nervous system monitors the conditions inside and outside of the body and, in turn,
triggers the release of hormones as needed
D. Hormone levels fall precipitously, triggering shock
2. Intracellular hormone receptors are normally found in ___________ and ____________ of
the cell
A. Ribosome, cytoplasm
B. Cytoplasm, plasma membrane
C. Cytoplasm, nucleus
D. Nucleus, plasma membrane
3. The secretion of TSH is inhibited by
A. Negative feedback from T3 and T4
B. Negative feedback from TRH
C. Hyposecretion of T3 and T4
D. Hypersecretion of TRH
4. The uptake of iodide by the thyroid gland cells is inhibited by:
A. Thiouracil
B. Thiocyanate
C. TSH
D. T3
5. Blood levels of which of the following substances is decreased in Graves’ disease?
A. Triiodothyronine (T3)
B. Thyroxine (T4)
C. Diiodotyrosine (DIT)
D. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
E. Iodide (I–)
6. A 37-year-old woman presents to her physician with an enlarged thyroid gland and high
plasma levels of T4 and T3. Which of the following is likely to be decreased?
A. Heart rate
B. Cardiac output
C. Peripheral vascular resistance
D. Ventilation rate
E. Metabolic rate
7. Thyroid hormone stored in the lumen of follicles is in the form of
A. Free T3
B. Free T4
C. Attached to thyroglobulin in the gland
D. Attached to thyroid binding globulin
8. Which one of the following statements is correct?
A. Thyroid hormones are highly soluble in water
B. Secretion of TSH is regulated primarily by the pituitary level of T3
C. TSH is secreted from the posterior pituitary
D. TSH initiates thyroid hormone secretion via activation of nuclear receptors in thyroid gland cells
E. T4 is the physiologically active hormone
9. The primary effect of T3 and T4 is to
A. Release calcitonin
B. Stimulate bone growth
C. Increase metabolism
D. Decrease blood glucose levels
10. A deficiency of iodine in the diet causes
A. Increased TSH secretion
B. Decreased T3 and T4 production
C. Increased TRH production
D. Thyroid enlargement (goiter)
E. All of these
11. Immediately after a meal, which hormone level increases?
A. Cortisol
B. Epinephrine
C. Glucagon
D. Growth hormone
E. Insulin
12. Insulin increases
A. The uptake of glucose by its target tissues
B. The breakdown of protein
C. The breakdown of fats
D. Glycogen breakdown in the liver
E. All of the above
13. If a person who has diabetes mellitus forgot to take an insulin injection,
symptoms that may soon appear include
A. Acidosis
B. Hyperglycemia
C. Increased urine production
D. Lethargy and fatigue
E. All of the above
14. Insulin secretion:
A. Is stimulated by of norepinephrine, epinephrine
B. Is increased by vagal stimulation
C. Is inhibited by amino acids
D. Is stimulated by beta receptor agonists
E. Is greater with intravenous glucose than oral glucose
15. Insulin, all the following are true EXCEPT
A. Is secreted by beta cells of pancreas
B. Promotes glycogenesis in liver & muscle
C. Is essential for glucose uptake in RBC
D. Increases protein & lipid synthesis
E. Not essential for glucose uptake in CNS
16. The following are true of insulin except which one?
A. Can cause hypoglycemia
B. Can cause hyperglycemia
C. Produced in the islets of Langerhans
D. Antagonized by glucagon
17. Which of the following stimulates the secretion of insulin but not glucagon?
A. Amino acids
B. Gut hormones
C. Sulfonylureas
D. Parasympathetic nerves
E. Acetylcholine
18. Insulin increases
A. The uptake of glucose by its target tissues.
B. The breakdown of protein.
C. The breakdown of lipids.
D. Glycogen breakdown in the liver.
E. All of these are correct.
19. The chemical structure of insulin
A. Contains a sterol ring
B. Is identical in all mammalian species
C. Is such that it is effective when taken by mouth
D. Has been synthesized in the laboratory
20. During an oral glucose tolerance test, all the following are true EXCEPT:
A. Subject is given 5–10 grams of glucose
B. Plasma glucose should rise by less than 10 per cent from the fasting level
C. Plasma insulin should rise by about 100 per cent from the fasting level
D. Rise in plasma glucose is less than with intravenous administration
21. Glucagon
A. Primarily affects the liver.
B. Causes glycogen to be stored.
C. Causes blood glucose levels to decrease.
D. Decreases lipid metabolism.
E. Performs all of these functions.
22. A meal rich in proteins but low in carbohydrates does not cause hypoglycaemia
because
A. Glucagon secretion is stimulated by meals
B. The meal causes compensatory increase in T4 secretion
C. Cortisol in circulation prevents glucose from entering the muscles
D. The amino acids in the meal are converted to glucose
23. Glucagon secretion is increased by
A. Hyperglycemia
B. Arginine
C. Vagal stimulation of the pancreas
D. Insulin
E. Somatostatin
24. Somatostatin inhibits the secretion of:
A. Insulin
B. Glucagon
C. Growth hormone
D. Gastrin
E. All of the above
25. Which of the following inhibits insulin secretion?
A. Hyperglycemia and somatostatin
B. Hypoglycemia and somatostatin
C. Hypercalcemia and hyperglycemia
D. Somatotropin

Use the following: T for True, F for False

A. High levels of TSH would suppress thyroxine by negative feedback.
B. The pancreas is an endocrine and exocrine gland that secretes insulin from the
alpha cells.
C. Thyroxine production can be increased by TSH or antibodies.
D. The levels of insulin in the blood are maintained at constant, stable, homeostatic
levels.
E. As blood levels of thyroid hormones increase, the secretions of TRH and TSH are
reduced.
F. It is possible to have high levels of TSH but a decrease in the levels of thyroxine.

Regarding cells of islet of langerhan

A. Beta cell secrete insulin
B. Delta cells secrete somatostatin
C. Alpha cells secrete glucagon
D. F cells secrete Gastrin
E. B cells situated periphery of islets of langerhan
Hypoglycaemia may result from:
A. Excessive insulin secretion
B. Alpha-adrenergic stimulation
C. Beta-adrenergic stimulation
D. Glucagon secretion
E. Hypothermia