PART - A

Experiment No:- 01 Part-A,B

Roll no:-73 (2020012003)
Class:- TE COMP (SEM V)
Date:- 25-07-2021
Name:- Brice Carvalho
Aim:- To Study Design and analysis of Internetworking Devices using
Network simulation Tools. (Using Cisco Packet Tracer)
Theory:-
Hub:-
A Hub is a networking device that allows you to connect multiple
PCs to a single network. It is used to connect segments of a LAN. A hub
stores various ports, so when a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to
various other ports. Hub works as a common connection point for
devices in a network

Features of Hub

Here, are important features of Hub:

• It works with broadcasting and shared bandwidth.

• It has 1 broadcast domain and 1 collision domain
• Works at the physical layer of the OSI model
• A virtual LAN can't be created using a hub
• Provides support for half-duplex transmission mode
• A hub has just a single broadcast domain
• Does not support spanning tree protocol
• Packet collisions occur mostly inside a hub

Application of Hubs

The important application of networking hub are given below:

• Hubs are used in organizations for connectivity.

• They are used for creating small home networks.
• It is used for network monitoring.
 • You can create a device or peripheral which is available thought out
the network

Advantages of HUB

• Offersshared Internet Scalability(uplink)

• Allows Network Monitoring
• Provide backward compatibility
• Helps you to extend the total distance of the network

Disadvantages of HUB

• It'smostly half-Duplex
• Does not offer dedicated bandwidth
• It can not select Network's Best Path.
• There is no mechanism of any kind to reduce network
traffic. • Possibility of the device differentiation
• Network size

Create simple LAN Network using HUB

Step 1:- Open Cisco packet tracer

Step 2:- Click on ‘HUB’ after that choose ‘Generic HUB’

Step 3:- Place on main screen

Step 4:- Click on ‘End Devices’ in that select ‘Generic PC’.

Step 5:- Place on main screen

Step 6:- Similarly do it for more ‘Generic PC’s’.

Step 7:- After that Click on ‘Connections’ then select ‘Automatically
Choose Connection Type’.

Step 8:- Then make connection ‘PC’s To the HUB’ .

Step 9:- Click on ‘PC-PT PC0’ Go to ‘Desktop’ select ‘IP Configuration’ .

Step
10:- Window will be open after that select ‘Static’ then Assign ‘IP Address
, Default Gateway’ and for ‘Subnet Mask’ is automatically get assign by
click on box. Do it same things for other ‘PC0 to PC4’.
Step 11:- After complete assign IP to all PC then click on ‘Add Simple
PDU (P)’ then select your ‘Source PC to Destination PC’ to transfer the
packet

Step 12:- After selecting Source and Destination PC then click on

‘Simulation’ tab and then click on ‘Auto Capture/ Play’
Step 13:- Final step watch animation .

Switch:-

A network switch is a computer networking device that connects

various devices together on a single computer network. It may also be
used to route information in the form of electronic data sent over
networks. Since the process of linking network segments is also called
bridging, switches are usually referred to as bridging devices.

Features of Switch

Here, are important features of switch:

 • It is Datalink layer device (Layer 2)
• It works with fixed bandwidth
• It maintains a MAC address table
• Allows you to create virtual LAN
• It works as a multi-port bridge
• Mostly comes with 24 to 48 ports
• Supports half and full-duplex transmission modes

Applications of Switches

Some applications of switches are:

•A switch helps you to manage the flow of data across the network. •
Medium to large-sized LANs containing a number of linked managed
switches.
• Switches are widely used in SOHO(Small Office/Home Office)
applications. SOHO mostly uses a single switch to access the
various broadband services.
• It is used in a computer network to connect the devices together
physically.
• A switch can transfer data to any of the other devices, either using
half duplex mode or full-duplex mode.

Advantages of Switch
Here, are pros/benefits of using Switch

• It
helps you to reduce the number of broadcast domains. •
Supports VLAN's that can help in Logical segmentation of
ports • Switches can make use of CAM table for Port to MAC
mapping

Disadvantages of Switch

Here, are cons/drawbacks of using Switch:

• Notas good as a router for limiting Broadcasts

• Communication between VLAN's requires inter VLAN routing, but
these days, there are many Multilayer switches available in the
market. • Handling Multicast packets that requires quite a bit of
configuration & proper designing.
• Reduces the number of Broadcast domains
Create simple LAN Network using SWITCH
Step 1:- Open Cisco packet tracer

Step 3:- Drag toward the main screen

Step 4:- Click on ‘End Devices’ in that select ‘Generic PC’.

Step 5:- Place on main screen

Step 6:- Similarly add more ‘Generic PC’s’.

Step 7:- After that Click on ‘Connections’ then select ‘Automatically

Choose Connection Type’.

Step 8:- Then make connection ‘PC’s To the SWITCH’

Step 9:- Wait until all connection became green colour then Click on ‘PC-
PT PC0’ Go to ‘Desktop’ select ‘IP Configuration’

Step 10:-

Window will be open after that select ‘Static’ then Assign ‘IP Address ,
Default Gateway’ and for ‘Subnet Mask’ is automatically get assign by
click on box. Do it same things for other ‘PC0 to PC4’.
 Step

11:- After complete assign IP to all PC then click on ‘Add Simple PDU
(P)’ then select your ‘Source PC to Destination PC’ to transfer the
packet

Step 12:- After selecting Source and Destination PC then click on

‘Simulation’ tab and then click on ‘Auto Capture/ Play’
Step 13:- Final step watch animation .

LAB Network Design:-

PART- B

Router:-

Routers help you to connect with multiple networks. It enables you

to share a single internet connection with multiple devices and saves
money. This networking component acts as a dispatcher, which allows
you to analyse data sent across a network. It automatically selects the
best route for data to travel and send it on its way.

Advantages of Routers

Following are the benefits or advantages of Routers:

• It provides connection between different network architectures such
as ethernet & token ring etc.
• It can choose best path across the internetwork using dynamic
routing algorithms.
• It can reduce network traffic by creating collision domains and also
by creating broadcast domains.
• It provides sophisticated routing, flow control and traffic isolation. •
 They are configurable which allows network manager to make policy
based on routing decisions.
Disadvantages of Routers
Following are the drawbacks or disadvantages of Routers:
• They operate based on routable network protocols.
• They are expensive compare to other network devices.
• Dynamic router communications can cause additional network
overhead. This results into less bandwidth for user data.
• They are slower as they need to analyze data from layer-1 through
layer 3.
• They require considerable amount of initial configurations. • They are
protocol dependent devices which must understand the protocol they
are forwarding.
Create a Simple LAN using Router :
Step 1:- Open Cisco packet tracer

Step 2:- Click on ‘Switches’ select two switches ‘2950-24 Switch’

Step 3:- Drag toward the main screen.

Step 4:- Click on ‘End Devices’ in that select ‘Generic PC’.

Step 5:- Place on main screen
Step 6:- Similarly add more ‘Generic PC’s’.

Step 7:- After that Click on ‘Connections’ then select ‘Automatically

Choose Connection Type’.

Step 8:- Then make connection ‘PC’s To the SWITCH’

Step 9:- Wait until all connection became green colour then Click on ‘PC-
PT PC0’ Go to ‘Desktop’ select ‘IP Configuration’

Step 10:- Window will be open after that select ‘Static’ then Assign ‘IP
Address , Default Gateway’ and for ‘Subnet Mask’ is automatically get
assign by click on box. Do it same things for other ‘PC0 to PC7’.

Step 11:- Click on ‘Routers’ select router ‘1841’

Step 11:- Drag toward the main screen.

Step 12:- After that Click on ‘Connections’ then select ‘Automatically

Choose Connection Type’.
Step 13:- Then make connection ‘SWITCH to the Router’.

Step

14:- After making connection to router click on it then go to ‘Config’ click

on ‘INTERFACE ’ inside this click on ‘FastEthernet0/0’ and then check on
top
right corner of window click on ‘On’ check box then it will start make
connection to switch same for ‘FastEthernet0/1’.

Step 15:- Assign IP for both ‘FastEthernet0/0’ and ‘FastEthernet0/1’.

Assign same family address to router .
Step 16:- After complete assign IP to all PC then click on ‘Add Simple
PDU (P)’ then select your ‘Source PC to Destination PC’ to transfer the
packet

Step 17:- After selecting Source and Destination PC then click on

‘Simulation’ tab and then click on ‘Auto Capture/ Play’
Step 18:- Final step watch animation .

Description Device or OSI Layer

This device sends and receives Router
information

about the Network layer.

This layer creates a virtual circuit Transport

 before transmitting between two
end stations.
A layer-3 switch or multilayer switch Multilayer Switch
This device uses hardware Bridge Or Switch
addresses to filter a network.
Ethernet is defined at these layers. Data link and Physical

This layer supports flow control Transport

and sequencing.
This device can measure the Router
distance to a remote network.
Logical addressing is used at this layer. Network

Hardware addresses are Data Link

defined at this layer.
This device creates one big collision Hub
domain and one large broadcast
domain.
This device creates many smaller Switch or bridge
collision domains, but the network is
still one large broadcast domain.
This device can never run full duplex. Hub

This device breaks up collision Router

domains and broadcast domains.

Conclusion :- From this experiment we learnt about OSI layer and its
application and also learnt networking devices , as well as we learn
about networking devices such as HUB, SWITCH, and ROUTER also
understood its application ,feature and advantages and disadvantages
after that we create/ design a simple LAN using HUB ,SWITCH,
ROUTER and successfully configure also implemented.