PRACTICE Exam: Cell Reproduction

Chromosome Structure & Function

1. In the diagram, which of the following are homologous pairs?
A) A-a
B) B-b
C) AA-BB
D) AA-aa

2. How many pairs of sister chromatids are shown in the diagram?

(A) 2. (B) 4. (C) 8. (D) None are homologous.

3. The bands on the chromosomes represent

(A) Telomeres. (B) Sister chromatids. (C) Alleles. (D) Centromeres.

4. The part of the chromosome most important for controlling aging and the number of replications is the
(A) Telomeres. (B) Q arm. (C) P arm. (D) Centromeres.

5. Which of the following statements is NOT true about sister chromatids?

A) They are clones.
B) They have the same length.
C) They have centromeres in the same location.
D) They travel together to the same daughter cell after mitosis.

6. Which of the following statements is NOT true about homologous chromosomes?

A) They are clones.
B) They have the same length.
C) They have centromeres in the same location.
D) They have the same types of genes.

Organism Haploid (n) # Diploid (2n) #

Corn 20
Fruit fly 4
Mouse 20

7. Based on the data above, how many chromosomes should be found in a mouse ovum?
(A) 10. (B) 20. (C) 40. (D) Cannot be determined from the above data table.

8. Based on the data above, how many chromosomes should be found in corn pollen?
(A) 10. (B) 20. (C) 40. (D) Cannot be determined from the above data table.

9. Based on the data above, how many chromosomes should be found in a fruit fly somatic cell?
(A) 2. (B) 4. (C) 8. (D) Cannot be determined from the above data table.

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Cell Cycle, Regulation and Cancer
10. Cytokinesis occurs after which phase?
A) G0
B) G1
C) G2
D) S
E) M

11. Interphase refers to

A) G1 + S + G2
B) All the phases of Mitosis
C) Cytokinesis
D) The resting phase

12. If there was a problem with replication, it would normally be

detected during the
A) G1 checkpoint
B) G2 checkpoint
C) M checkpoint
D) S checkpoint
E) G0 phase

13. A cell that is blocked at the G1 checkpoint will

A) Enter the G0 phase.
B) Become a cancer.
C) Continue the current cell division cycle and then stop dividing forever.
D) Go back and ensure the spindles are attached to the centromeres and then try again.

14. Cells normally are able to

A) Divide a finite number of times, but grow as thick and heavy as they like.
B) Divide a finite number of times and migrate if they run out of space.
C) Divide a finite number of times and only as much as space will permit.
D) Divide as many times as space permits.

15. Cancer cells are immortal because

A) Nothing can ever kill them.
B) They can migrate to other parts of the body with more nutrients for them to consume.
C) They have no cell cycle checkpoints.
D) They can repair their own telomeres.

16. If the spindles failed to connect to the centromeres, what should happen if everything else is
functioning as it should?
A) The G2 checkpoint should stop the cell cycle from progressing.
B) The M checkpoint should stop the cell cycle from progressing.
C) Cancer should result.
D) Cells with trisomy or monosomy should result.

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Mitosis & Meiosis
17. What is happening in the diagram to the
right? A) spermatogenesis B) oogenesis.
(C) mitosis. (D) fertilization.

18. In which type of tissue or organ would this

process be occurring?
A) Somatic cells
B) neurons.
C) zygotes.
D) gonads.

The following diagram shows the steps of mitosis in a plant cell, but the steps are out of sequence.

19. Which of the cells is in prophase?

A) I, because the DNA doesn’t yet look like chromosomes AND the nuclear envelope is still visible.
B) II, because the sister chromatids are starting to separate
C) III, because the chromosomes are visible, but have not yet lined up at the equator.
D) IV, because the two new nuclear envelopes have formed around the separated chromosomes.
E) V, because the chromosomes are lined up at the equator

20. Which of the cells is in S phase?

A) I, because the DNA doesn’t yet look like chromosomes AND the nuclear envelope is still visible.
B) II, because the sister chromatids are starting to separate
C) III, because the chromosomes are visible, but have not yet lined up at the equator.
D) IV, because the two new nuclear envelopes have formed around the separated chromosomes.
E) V, because the chromosomes are lined up at the equator

21. Which of the cells is in anaphase?

A) I, because the DNA doesn’t yet look like chromosomes AND the nuclear envelope is still visible.
B) II, because the sister chromatids are starting to separate
C) III, because the chromosomes are visible, but have not yet lined up at the equator.
D) IV, because the two new nuclear envelopes have formed around the separated chromosomes.
E) V, because the chromosomes are lined up at the equator

22. A cell with a haploid chromosome number of 16 divided once, producing 2 cells with 32 chromosomes
each. The process that produced these 2 cells was most likely
A) Fertilization, because the diploid number was restored.
B) meiotic cell division.
C) mitotic cell division.
D) cancer, or a problem with the cell cycle checkpoints.

23. The cell in the diagram above are probably

A) Animal cells because they are rectangular.
B) Animal cells because they have cell walls.
C) Plant cells because they are rectangular.
D) Plant cells because they lack a cell plate.
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Genetic Variation
24. How does sexual reproduction result in greater genetic diversity than asexual reproduction? (Choose
ALL correct answers).
A) Asexual reproduction produces clones, with their only genetic diversity coming from mutations.
B) Sexual reproducing organisms have a higher mutation rate than asexual organisms.
C) Fertilization results in zygotes with new genotypes not present in either parent.
D) Mitosis produces more variation, than does binary fission.
E) Crossing over produces new allele combinations that weren’t present in either parent.
F) Cell cycle checkpoints in sexually reproducing organisms can fail, resulting in mutant zygotes.

25. When does crossing over occur?

A) Metaphase of mitosis, when the chromosomes are lined up at the equator.
B) Metaphase of meiosis, when the chromosomes are lined up at the equator.
C) Prophase I of meiosis.
D) Prophase II of meiosis.

26. Crossing over occurs between

A. Sister chromatids of the same chromosome.
B. Sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.
C. Sister chromatids of non-homologous chromosomes.
D. Non-sister chromatids of non-homologous chromosomes.

27. Chromosomes with entirely new allele combinations unique from the parent cells can be produced
through
A) Fertilization.
B) Nondisjunction.
C) Independent assortment.
D) Mitosis.
E) Crossing over.

Stem Cells and Cellular Differentiation

The following diagram illustrates the stages in the life cycle of an organism that reproduces sexually.
28. Which processes result in the formation of cells with the diploid number of chromosomes?
A) 1 and 2 B) 2 and 3 C) 3 and 4 D) 5 and 1

29. Which of the following processes involve mitosis?

A) 1 & 2 B) 3 & 4 C) 4 & 5 D) 5 & 1

30. Which of the following processes produce the greatest

genetic diversity?
A) 1 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5

31. At which stage would the organism be a blastocyst?

(A) 1 and 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (D) 5.

32. At which stage would the SRY gene most likely be turned on or activated?
(A) 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4.

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33. Cells formed in the gonads should contain…
a. one set of non- homologous chromosomes
b. one set of sister chromatids
c. two sets of chromosomes, in homologous pairs
d. four sets of chromosomes, 2 sets from mom and 2 sets from dad

34. Cells formed in the ovaries reproduce by

a. Mitosis
b. Meiosis
c. Fertilization
d. Binary fission

35. Cells formed during differentiation should contain.…

a. one set of non- homologous chromosomes
b. one set of sister chromatids
c. two sets of chromosomes, in homologous pairs
d. four sets of chromosomes, 2 sets from mom and 2 sets from dad

36. Cells formed during differentiation reproduce by…

a. Mitosis
b. Meiosis
c. Fertilization
d. Binary fission

37. The chromosomal arrangement in this

human karyotype indicates that the
individual is a
A. Normal male.
B. Normal female.
C. Female with Turner syndrome.
D. Male with Kleinfelter syndrome.
E. Female with Down syndrome.

38. The chromosome arrangement in the

diagram is an example of
A. Monosomy.
B. Trisomy.
C. Crossing over.
D. Independent assortment.