Penicillins:

- Very narrow = anti staph penicillins - only one beta lactamase resistance
- Narrow = Pen G and V
- Broad = Ampicillin (for Listeria) and Amoxicillin
- Very broad = Anti pseudomonas
*TA Dr. Julie:Beta lactam ring -> irreversibly inhibits transpeptidase
* Beta-lactamase = break lactam ring structure
*TA Dr. Julie:"Phirst" (first) Generation cephalosporins: Cephalexin
*has ph in name (Cefazolin is exception)
*TA Dr. Julie:Second generation -> no CNS entry (except Cefuroxime)
Third generation -> CNS entry (can be used for meningitis)
*TA Dr. Julie:Remember the MCC of Neonatal Meningitis:
1) Group B Strep
2) E. Coli
3) Listeria
* Need to add Ampicillin to cover Listeria
*TA Dr. Julie:Cilastatin is given with Imipenem to inihibit Nephrotoxicity
*Cilastatin is a renal dehydropeptidase inhibitor
*TA Dr. Julie:Red Man Syndrome:
- Vancomycin given too fast can cause increase release of histamine = causing flush (face, neck and torso)
*TA Dr. Julie:30s = AGs + Tet's
50s = MACs + Singles (Linezolid, Chloramphenicol and Clindamycin)
*TA Dr. Julie:AmiNOglycosides: Need Oxygen, Negative organism, Nephro and Ototoxicity
*TA Dr. Mariam:Note: Some of antibacterial drugs that are contraindicated in pregnancy:
- Aminoglycosides
- Fluoroquinolones
- Sulfonamides
- Tetracyclines
*TA Dr. Mariam:Note: TMP+SMX used for UTI / Nocardia infection / MRSA
Side effect : QT prolongation / Steven Johnson syndrome / Phototoxic / teratogenic / Sulfa allergy
*TA Dr. Mariam:Note: Drug of choice for selected cases:
- Teponema/Syphilis => Benzathine Pen G
- Gonorrhea => Ceftriaxone
- Chlamydia => Doxycycline or Azithromycin
- Trichomonas => Metronidazole
- Bacterial vaginosis => Metronidazole
- Ticks ( Lyme or RMSF) => Doxycycline
- UTIs/ Cystitis/ Prostatitis => TMP/SMX
*TA Dr. Mariam:Note: Mnemonic "RESPIre" for anti-TB drugs:
> R - Rifampin
> E - Ethambutol
> S - Streptomycin
> P - Pyrazinamide
> I - Isoniazid (INH)
*TA Dr. Mariam:* Nephrotoxic drugs:
- Aminoglycosides
- Cisplatin
- Amphotericin B
*TA Dr. Mariam:Note: Treat Aspergillosis with Voriconazole.
*TA Dr. Taher :ReKap: Drugs ending :
- "avir" => for HIV
- "ivir" => for Influenza
- "ovir" => for HSV
- "evir" and "uvir" => for HCV
*TA Dr. Taher :ReKap: Least toxic of the NRTIs: Lamivudine (3TC) and Emtricitabine (FTC). These two
drugs cannot be used together as they can compete with each other.
*TA Dr. Taher :ReKap: HIV Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP): Emtricitabine+ Tenofovir
*TA Dr. Taher :ReKap: "USEvirs" for HEP C
USE me for HEP C:
- U --> - Uvir (NS5B)
- S --> Svir (NS5A)
- E --> Evir (NS3/4A)
*TA Dr. Taher :ReKap: Ivermectin:
"Rivermectin" for River blindness ( Onchocerciasis)