EE-416 RENEWABLE ENERGY SYTEMS

Assignment 03

Submitted by
ATIF TAHIR (2017086)
Instructor:

Dr Khasan S. Karimov
GHULAM ISHAQ KHAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Question:
Describe hydroelectricity with diagram, also write down its advantages and
disadvantages.

Answer:
Hydropower, or hydro energy, is a form of renewable energy that uses the water stored in dams,
as well as flowing in rivers to create electricity in hydropower plants. The falling water rotates
blades of a turbine, which then spins a generator that converts the mechanical energy of the
spinning turbine into electrical energy. Hydroelectric power is a significant component of
electricity production worldwide. As it is a source of energy that generates power from the
motion of the water flowing over a waterfall to generate electricity. The water source is used to
turn propeller like piece called a turbine which then turns a metal shaft in an electric generator
which is the motion that produces electricity.

Procedure of Hydroelectricity
The way toward creating power from water power is refined in a few phases. Hydropower is
accessible in nature by regular water head in reasonable territories, which can be upgraded
through dams and quick streaming waterways. This force is changed over to mechanical energy
through water powered turbines or siphons utilized as turbines, which is then changed over to
electrical energy through electric generators. Along these lines, extensively two phases of energy
transformation occur:
1) hydro energy to mechanical energy and
2) mechanical energy to electrical energy.
These are introduced in detail in the accompanying segments

Diagram
Pumps and Turbines
Pumps:
A pump is a device that is used for lifting the liquid from ground sources to the upper top surface
or from one place to another place. Pumps are operated by the mechanism that is rotary,
reciprocating and it consumes energy while performing mechanical work which is moving fluid
from one place to another. This can be operated by many energy resources which include manual
operation, electricity, engine, wind power and many more, day to day life to industrial
applications.
T here are two types of Positive Displacement Pump, and those are:

1. Rotary Pump
 Single Rotor Pump (For example, Piston Pump, Vane Pump, Screw Pump)
 Multiple Rotor Pump (For example, Gear pump, Lube pump)
2. Reciprocating Pump
 Diaphragm Pump (For example, Fluid Operated Pump, Mechanically Operated Pump)
 Piston Plunger Type Pump

And again Dynamic Pumps can be classified into two types:

1. Centrifugal Pump
2. Axial Pump

Turbine
A turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a flowing fluid stream and
converts it into useful work. It has one moving component called the rotor assembly (with blades),
which is mounted on a shaft. Moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and impart
rotational energy to the rotor. The rotor is coupled to an induction motor or a generator, which
converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Types of turbines include steam turbines, wind
turbines, gas turbines, or water turbines. Steam turbines are driven by oil, coal, or by the
extraction of nuclear power and are the most common methods of producing electricity. Green
electricity applications include wind turbines and water turbines used in applications for wind
power and hydel power.
Advantages to Hydroelectric Power
 Fuel is not burned so there is minimal pollution
 Water to run the power plant is provided free by nature
 Hydropower plays a major role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions
 Relatively low operations and maintenance costs
 The technology is reliable and proven over time
 It's renewable - rainfall renews the water in the reservoir, so the fuel is almost always
there

Disadvantages to power plants that use coal, oil, and gas fuel
 They use up valuable and limited natural resources
 They can produce a lot of pollution
 Companies must dig up the Earth or drill wells to get the coal, oil, and gas
 For nuclear power plants there are waste-disposal problems

Hydroelectric power is not perfect, though, and does have some

disadvantages
 High investment costs
 Hydrology dependent (precipitation)
 In some cases, inundation of land and wildlife habitat
 In some cases, loss or modification of fish habitat
 Fish entrainment or passage restriction
 In some cases, changes in reservoir and stream water quality
 In some cases, displacement of local populations