NAME : MUHAMAD ARSAD

SEMESTER : 6Th (Sixth)

NPM : 181016179202003
MAJOR : Stylistics
LECTURER :Mr.Asridayani,S.S.,M.Hum ENGLISH FACULTY OF MUARA
BUNGO UNIVERSITY

1. Stylistics is The study of literary style, and how it changes within different contexts while rhetoric
is the art of using language, especially public speaking, as a means to persuade.and Literature is
defined as books and other written works, especially those considered to have creative or artistic
merit or lasting value.

2. Elements of Style in Literature

Elements of style studied in literary works are what is up for discussion in any
literature or writing class, such as:
a. Economy of language.
Treat every word as precious. When readers encounter writing in which every word counts,
they are more alert to its meaning and more attentive to its sound.You can achieve economy of
language by using three techniques: Avoid wordy phrases (change “until such time as” to “until”),
omit meaningless modifiers (change “general consensus” to “consensus”), and prefer action verbs
to nouns (change “take under consideration” to “consider”). Each technique enables you to say the
same thing in fewer words, and – as a general rule – more concise writing is more emphatic writing.
b. Precise word choice and colorful vocabulary.
Use the best, most exact word to capture your meaning. Readers judge your style by your adeptness
and agility in matching language to thought.Change “His performance will affect our image” to
“His carelessness will undermine our credibility.” Convey your disapproval of meaningless
modifiers by describing them not as “qualifiers that weaken our language” but – as E. B. White
does in “The Elements of Style” – as “the leeches that infest the pond of prose, sucking the blood of
words.”
c. Specific, concrete, vivid detail.
As Joseph Conrad advises, don’t tell your reader; show your reader.Don’t just tell your reader,
“Susan works hard”; show your reader: “Last month Susan came in at 6:00 a.m. every day to help
complete the internal audit on time.” Don’t just tell your reader, “Morale is declining”; show your
 reader: “This year grievances increased by 14%, and employee turnover by 8%.”Precise language
and vivid detail go hand-in-hand.
d. Pleasing sound, rhythm, and variety.
Attend to sound as well as substance. Create rhythm and emphasis by balancing the components of
your sentence, as Samuel Johnson did when he wrote, “What is written without effort is in general
read without pleasure.”Enliven your style by varying the length and structure of your sentences:
“For particular emphasis, follow a long sentence with a short sentence, or even a fragment. Like
this.”It’s not just what you say, it’s how emphatically, beautifully, and memorably you say it.

e. Discernable voice, tone, or point of view.

Write with personality. As Patricia Westheimer advises in The Executive Style Book, in all but the
most formal writing, “Write the way you speak – conversationally and naturally.”Change “It is
imperative that we commence now” to “Let’s get started.” Change “Attached please find your
budget worksheets” to “Well, it’s your favorite time of year again.”