ROMAN NUMERALS

The numerals formed by using the digits 0 ,1 ,2,3,4. 5. 6, 7, 8 and 9 are called Hindu-Arabic Numerals or
International Numerals. But, the symbols used by the Romans are called Roman numerals.

The Roman numerals are formed by using only 7 symbols which are I, V, X, L, C D and M respectively.
The value of each of these symbols is given below.

I=1,V=5,X=10,L=50,C=100,D=500,M=1000

Rules to Write Roman Numerals

Following rules are used to write a number in Roman numerals.

1.Multiplication Rule: If a symbol is repeated in succession, the value of the numeral is obtained by
multiplying the value of the symbol by the number of times it is repeated.

Note:

*Symbols I, X, C, M are repeated whereas V, L and D are never repeated.

* No symbol is repeated more 3 times,

Example:

XX=10×2.=20

CCC=100×3=300

XXX=10×3=39

MMM=1000 x 3=3000

2. Addition Rule: When a smaller number is written on the right of a greater number, the smaller
number is added to the greater number.

Example: XI=10 +1= 11

XV=10 +5= 15

CVII=100 + 5+1 + 1= 107

DIV=500 +4 = 504

DVIII=500 +5+1+1+1= 508

DCCCLX=500 + 100 + 100 + 100 + 50 + 10 =860

MDCCLXXII=1000 + 500 + 100 + 100 +50 + 10 + 10 + 1+1=1772

3. Subtraction Rule: When a smaller number is written on the left of a greater number, the smaller
number is subtracted from the greater number.

Example: IV = 5-1=4

XL =50-10 = 40

XC =100-10= 90

CM =1000-100 = 900

4. The symbol I can be subtracted from V and X once only.

5. The symbol X can be subtracted from L and C once only.

6. The symbol C can be subtracted from D and M once only.

EXERCISE 2 (A)

1.Write the seven Roman numerals in the circle. Write their corresponding Hindu-Arabic numera ls in
the box,

Write the following numbers in Roman numerals.

(a) 9

=10-1

=IX

(b) 19

=10+9

=XIX

(c) 35

=30+5

= 10+10+10+5

=XXXV

(d) 39

=30 +9

=10+10+10+9
 =XXXIX

(e) 40

= (50-10)

=XL

(f) 59

=50+9

=LIX

(g) 84

=50+34

=50+30+4

= 50+10+10+10+4

=LXXXIV

(h) 79

= 50+29

= 50+10+10+9

=LXXIX

(i) 66

=50+16

=50+10+6

=LXVI

j) 69

= 50+19

=50+10+9

=LXIX

(k) 75

= 50 +25

=50+10 +10+5

=LXXV
(l) 85

=50+35

=50+30+5

=50 +10+10+10+5

=LXXXV

(m) 44

=40+4

=(50-10)+4

=XLIV

(n) 23

= 20+3

=10+10+3

=XXIII

(0) 62

= 50+12

=50+10+2

=LXII

Write Roman numerals for each of the following numbers.

(a) 203

=200+3

=100+100+3

=CCIII

(b) 360

=300+60

=100+100+100+50+10

=CCCLX

(c) 502

=500+2

=DII
(d) 119

=100+19

=100+10+9

=CXIX

(e) 401

=400+1

=(500-100)+1

=CDI

(f) 803

=500+303

=500+300+3

=DCCCIII

(g) 296

=200+96

=100+100+90+6

=100+100+(100-10)+6

=CCXCVI

(h) 521

=500+21

=500+10+10+1

=DXXI

(I) 719

=500+219

=500+200+19

=500+100+100+10+9

=DCCXIX

j) 929

=900+29

=(1000-100)+10+10+9
=CMXXIX

(k) 607

=500+107

=500+100+7

=DCVII

(l)1005

=1000+5

=MV

(m) 1065

=1000+65

=1000+50+15

=1000+50+10+5

=MLXV

(n) 2075

=2000+75

=1000+1000+50+25

=1000+1000+50+10+10+5

=MMLXXV

(o) 2001

=2000+1

=1000+1000+1

=MMI

4.Write each of the following numbers in Hindu-Arabic notation.

(a) XXV

= 10+10+5

=25

(b) XLIX

=(50-10)+9

=40+9
=49

(c) XCIV

=(100-10)+4

=90+4

=94

(d) DCXLIX

=500+100+(50-10)+9

=500+100+40+9

=649

(e) XIV

=10+4

=14

(f) XXXVII

=10+10+10+7

=37

(g) CXI

=100+10+1

=111

(h) XVI

=10+6

=16

(i) DCCC

=500+100+100+100

=800

j) CCCVII

=100+100+100+7

=307

(k) ML

=1000+50
=1050

(l) L

=50

5.Put > ,< or =

(a) XIV > IX

10+4>9

14>9

(b) CXI < M

111<1000

(c) XXV > V

25 >5

(d) C >L

100>50