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dầu khí
Trường Đại Học Bách Khoa GE 3043 – Hoàn thiện giếng và kích thích vỉa
Khoa Kỹ thuật Địa chất và Dầu khí

Giảng viên: Dr. Đỗ Quang Khánh

Tên sinh viên: Nguyễn Văn Hòa
MSSV: 1812322

BÀI TẬP MATRIX ACIDIZING

Exercise 1 : A sandstone formation with a porosity of 0.2 contains 5-vol% albite

(sodium feldspar). What is the minimum volume of 3% HF solution required to dissolve
all the albite a distance of 6 in. beyond a 6-in. diameter wellbore?
Solution:
r a =1 ( ft ), r w =0.5 ( ft )

v m=1, v a=14

ρ HF=0.98× 62.4=61.152lb / ft 3

ρalbite =163 lb /ft 3

v m M W m 0.03 ×1× 262.3
β 3=C a = =0.028 lbm NaAl Si 3 O 8 3 % HF solution
va M W a 14 ×20
ρ HF 0.028 ×61.152 3 3
X 3 =β 3 = =0.011 ft NaAl Si 3 O 8 /ft HF
ρalbite 163

 Albite volume:

V albite =π ( r 2a−r 2w ) (1−ϕ ) C m=π × ( 12−0.5 2) × (1−0.2 ) × 0.05

¿ 0.0942 ft 3 NaAl Si 3 O 8 / ft wellbore

 Initial pore volume

V P=π ( r 2a −r 2w ) [ ( 1−ϕ ) C m +ϕ ]=π × ( 12−0.52 ) × [ ( 1−0.2 ) × 0.05+0.2 ]=0.565 ft 3 /ft wellbore

 HF volume:
1
 V albite 0.0942 3
V HF= = =8.564 ft 3 wt % HF solution /ft wellbore
X3 0.011

ft 3
Total HF minimum volume=V HF +V P =8.564+ 0.565=9.129 wellbore
ft

9.129 ft 3 7.48 gal

¿
ft (
×
ft 3 )
=68.285 gal / ft wellbore

Exercise 2: What is the minimum volume of 15% HCl required to dissolve calcite up to
1ft deep in the reservoir
– Reservoir porosity 18%
– Formation HCl solubility of 10% (Assume all Calcite)
– Wellbore radius 0.3 ft
Solution:
r a =1.3 ( ft ), r w =0.3 ( ft )

v m=1, v a=2

ρ HCl=1.07 × 62.4=66.768lb/ ft 3

ρCaCO =169 lb/ft 3

3

v m M W m 0.15× 1× 100.1
β 15=C a = =0.206lbm CaC O 3 /lbm15 wt % HCl solution
va M W a 2 ×36.5
ρ a 0.206 × 66.768 3 3
X 15= β15 = =0.08 ft CaC O 3 /ft 15 wt % HCl solution
ρm 169

 Calcite volume

V CaCO =π ( r 2a −r 2w ) ( 1−ϕ ) C m=π × ( 1.3 2−0.32 ) × ( 1−0.18 ) × 0.1

3

¿ 0.412 ft 3 CaC O3 /ft wellbore

 Pore volume after removal of carbonate volume

2
V P=π ( r 2a −r 2w ) [ ( 1−ϕ ) C m +ϕ ]=π × ( 1.32−0.3 2 ) × [ (1−0.18 ) ×0.1+0.18 ]=1.317 ft 3 / ft pay zone

 HCl volume
V CaCO 0.412
V HCl= 3
= =5.15 ft 3 15 wt % HCl solution/ ft wellbore
X 15 0.08

6.467 ft 3
Total HCl minimum volume=V HCl + V P =5.15+1.317= wellbore
ft

6.467 ft 3 7.48 gal

¿
ft (
×
ft 3 )
=48.373 gal/ft wellbore

Exercise 3:
 Given the following:
- 50ft Net oil reservoir to be acidized at 3,150ft depth
- Treated through 1.2” ID coiled tubing of length 4,500ft and P max = 2,500 psi
- Acid density = 1.07 SG, Acid viscosity = 1.5 cP
- 75mD sand, Bo = 1.8, uo =0.8cP, rw = 0.3ft
- Initial skin = +15, estimated final skin = +1.5
- Reservoir pressure = 1,250 psi
- Frac gradient = 0.7 psi/ft, 250 psi safety margin required
 Calculate the following
- BHFP limit
- Expected rates at start and end of treatment
- Expected tubing pressures at start and end of treatment
- Minimum HHP (hydraulic horsepower) required
 HHP = Pressure (psi) x rate (bbls/min) / 40.8
Solution:
a) BHFP=?
psi
 BHFP Limit =0.7 ft × 3150 ft=2205 ( psi )
 Limit with safety margin=2205−250=1955 ( psi )
b) qinitial=?, qfinal=?
 Initial limiting rate – Oil filled critical matrix

3
 kh ∆ P kh ( psafety margin − pr )
q i ,o= =
re re
[
141.2 μ o βo ln ( )
rw
+s
] [
141.2 μ o β o ln ( )
rw
+s
]
75 ×50 ×( 1955−1250)
¿ =1330.526 ( bpd )=0.924 (bpm)
4
141.2× 0.8× 1× ln
0.3 [( ) ]
+ 15

 Initial liniting rate – Acid filled critical matrix

kh ∆ P kh ( p safety margin −p r )
q i ,a= =
re re
[()]
141.2 μ a β a ln
rw
+s
[()]
141.2 μ a β a ln
rw
+s

75× 50 ×(1955−1250)
¿ =709.614 ( bpd )=0.493(bpm)
4
141.2×1.5 ×1 × ln
0.3 [( ) ]
+15

 Final limiting rate – Acid filled critical matrix

kh ∆ P kh ( p safety margin− p r )
q f , a= =
re re
[()]
141.2 μ a β a ln
rw
+s 141.2 μa β a ln
[()] rw
+s

75 ×50 × (1955−1250 )
¿ =3051.71 ( bpd )=2.12 ( bpm )
4
141.2×1.5 ×1 × ln
0.3 [( ) ]
+1.5

c) ∆Ptub,i =?, ∆Ptub,f=?

 Differential friction pressure for rates
518 × γ 0.79 1.79 0.207
a ×q i ,o × μa
∆ p f i ,o = L
1000 × ID 4.79

518× 1.070.79 × 0.9241.79 ×1.50.207

¿ × 4500=969.351( psi)
1000 ×1.2 4.79

518 × γ 0.79 1.79 0.207

a ×q i ,a × μ a
∆ p f i ,a = L
1000 × ID 4.79

518× 1.070.79 × 0.4931.79 ×1.50.207

¿ × 4500=314.86 ( psi )
1000 ×1.24.79

518 × γ 0.79 1.79 0.207

a ×q f , a × μ a
∆ p f f ,a= L
1000 × ID 4.79

4
 518× 1.070.79 × 2.121.79 × 1.50.207
¿ × 4500=4286.17 ( psi )
1000 ×1.24.79

 Hydrostatic difference
psi
∆ phys =0.433 × γ a × Depth ( ft )=1459.43 ( psi )
ft

 WHP (Wellhead Pressure) for rates

∆ p sii , o=BHP−∆ p hys +∆ pf i ,o=1955−1459.43+969.351=1464 ( psi )

∆ p sii , a=BHP−∆ p hys +∆ pf i ,a=1955−1459.43+314.86=810.43 ( psi )

∆ p si f ,a =BHP−∆ p hys+ ∆ pf f ,a =1955−1459.43+ 4286.17=4781.74 ( psi )

d) HHPmin=?
 Frictional pressure drop
∆ p si, max= p wf −∆ phys + ∆ p f
⇒ ∆ p f =∆ psi ,max − pwf +∆ phys =2500−1955+1459.43=2004.43 ( psi )
 Max rate to be injected
518 ×γ 0.79 1.79 0.207
a × q i, max × μ a
∆ pf= L
1000 × ID 4.79
∆ pf × 1000× ID4.79 1.79 2004.43 ×1000 ×1.2 4.79
⇒ q i ,max =
√
1.79

518 × γ 0.79
a × μ0.207
a × L √
=
518 ×1.070.79 ×1.50.207 × 4500

¿ 1.387(bpm)
p max ×q i ,max 2500 ×1.387
 HHPmin = = =84.987(hp)
40.8 40.8

Exercise 4:
A 28 wt% HCl is needed to propagate wormholes 3 ft from a 0.328‐ft radius wellbore in a
limestone formation (specific gra vity 2.71) with a porosity of 0.15. The designed
injection rate is 0.1 bbl/min‐ft, the diffusion coefficient is 10‐9 m2 /sec, and the density of
the 28% HCl is 1.14 SG.
In linear core floods, 1.5 pore volume is needed for wormhole breakthrough at the end
of the core. Calculate the acid volume requirement using

5
(a) Daccord’s model
(b) the volumetric model.
Solution:
1 CaC O 3 +2 HCl→ CaCl 2 + H 2 O+C O 2

(a) Daccord’s model

vm M W m 1× 100
β 28=C a =0.28 × =0.3836 lbm CaC O 3 /lbm 28 wt % HCl solution
va M W a 2× 36.5
ϕ β 28 γ a 0.15 ×0.3836 ×1.14
N Ac = = =0.0285
(1−ϕ)γ m (1−0.15)× 2.71

q h=0.1 bbl /min−ft=8.69× 10−4 m 3 /sec−m

r wh =0.328+3=3.328 ft =1.01m
2 1
3 3 df
πϕ D q r h wh
V h=
b N Ac

π × 0.15×(10−9)2 /3 (8.69 ×10−4 )1/ 3 ×(1.01)1.6

¿ −5
=0.107 m 3 /m=8.6 gal/ft
(1.5 ×10 )(0.0285)

(b) Volumetric model

V h=πϕ ( r 2wh−r 2w ) ( PV )bt

¿ π × 0.15 ( 3.3282−0.328 2) ×1.5

¿ 7.75 ft 3 / ft=58 gal /ft