VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANA SANGAMA, BELAGAVI - 590014

An Internship Report on

“MECHATRONICS AND AUTOMATION DOMAIN APPLICATION”

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of
Engineering in
Mechanical Engineering
Submitted By
SANJESH.N
4AD18ME435

Internship Carried Out at

ULTISMART INFOTECH
PLL
Internal Guide External Guide
MR. Ravikumar S Mr. Krishna G
Assistant Professor MD and Technical Head
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Mysore
ATMECE, Mysuru.

ATME COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, MYSURU-570028

KARNATATKA

Phone: +91-8212593335, Website: www.atme.in

2020-2021
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Internship report titled “MECHATRONICS AND
AUTOMATION DOMAIN APPLICATION” carried out by SANJESH N (4AD18ME435) in
partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in MECHANICAL ENGINEERING of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum
during the year 2020-2021.It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated
for internal assessment have been incorporated in the report. The Internship report
has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of internship
work prescribed for the said degree.

Signature of Internal Guide

Mr. Ravikumar.S
Assistant Professor

Signature of HOD Signature of Principal

Dr. SRINIVAS K Dr. L BASAVARAJ

External Examiners

Name of the examiners: Signature with date:

1
2
 DECLARATION

I, SANJESH N USN:(4AD18ME435), student of “8th” semester B.E in Mechanical ATME

College of Engineering, Mysore by declare that entire work presented in internship
report submitted VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY during academic year
2020-2021 is a record an original work done guidance of internal
MR.Ravikumar.S ,Assistant professor department of mechanical engineering ATMECE,
Mysuru and MR KRISHNA G MD and technical head Ultismart Infotech, Mysuru This
internship work is submitted in partial fulfillment of the award of degree Bachelor of
Engineering In Mechanical Engineering. It is work performed in company and it has not
been submitted elsewhere other degree.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The constant encouragement of all sources has gone a long way in the
accomplishment of the Internship. I thank to all those who have rendered their cherished
advices and services towards the completion of the Internship.
I wish to express my deep sense of acknowledgement and gratitude to my Internal
guide Mr. Ravikumar.S , Assistant professor , Department Of Mechanical Engineering,
for the suggestions and encouragement throughout the making of the internship.
I wish to express my deep sense of acknowledgement and gratitude to my External
guide Mrs. Krishna G , MD and technical head Ultismart Infotech , Mysuru, for the
suggestions and encouragement throughout the making of the internship.

I am highly indebted to Dr. SRINIVASA K, Head of Department, Mechanical

Engg, for his kind consents and whole hearted cooperation.
I would like to thank our Principal Dr. L Basavaraj, for his encouragement and
providing an excellent working environment.
I thank all the lecturers of the dept. for their cooperation and providing with the
facilities to carry out the seminar work. I would also express my thanks to all technical
and non-technical staff of mechanical engineering dept ,who have directly or indirectly
cooperated with me.
Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to my parents and friends who
always stood by me encouraging in all my endeavors.

SANJESH N
4AD18ME435
8TH Sem
Mechanical Engineering
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Submitted by: KRISHNA G

Company Name: ULTISMART INFOTECH LLP

Work period covered: 30 DAYS Date submitted

 CONTENTS PG NO
Chapter 1: ABOUT THE COMPANY..........................................................................1-2
1.1 Introduction
Chapter 2: ABOUT THE DEPARTMENT.....................................................................3
About Cloud
About the Founder
Organization Structure
Services Offered by the Company
Chapter 3: SECONDARY DEPARTMENT................................................................4-5
Mechatronics
Key Elements of Mechatronics
Chapter 4: INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION.................................................................6-7
Motivation for Industrial Automation
Levels of Industrial Automation Process
Chapter 5: ULTRASONIC SENSOR DETECTION..................................................8-9
Ultrasonic Sensor
Ultrasonic Detection – Basics & Application
What is the principle of Ultrasonic Detection
Applications involving Ultrasonic detection
Chapter 6: PRACTICAL WORKS...........................................................................10-11
Chapter 7: AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE FOR RAILWAY TRACK
DETECTION AND OBSTACLE DETECTION WITH AUTO
CONYTROLE...................................................................................................12-13
7.1 Introduction of the project
Chapter 8: A PROTOTYPE AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE FOR RAILWAY
TRACK CHECKING AND OBJECT DETECTION WITH AUTO
CONTROL..................................................................................................................14-15
Railway track side
Railway station side
Chapter 9: ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS.........................................................16-18
Chapter 10: APPLICATIONS..............................................................................19
Chapter 11: PROJECT OUTCOMES.................................................................20
CHAPTER 1

ABOUT THE COMPANY

Introduction
ULTISMART INFOTECH is IT Solutions, Product Development (small R&D,
manufacturing all kinds of development boards like 8051 Microcontroller, PIC MCU,
AVR MCU, ARM-Cortex M3 development board & Processor boards with Engineering
colleges lab equipments trainer kits like Digital Communication Trainer kit, Analog
Communication Trainer kit, Power Electronics Trainer kit, PLC /SCADA based Trainer
kit, & few sensors...etc) also Software & Hardware development started in 2016. Also
we are using these development board for different industry and vehicles for Automotive
control and different domain application purpose. The Main Focus area is on Automation,
Automotive Control, Vehicular Automation, Industrial Automation, Robotic Automation,
IoT, AI(Artificial Intelligence), Machine learning, Deep learning, PLC/SCADA, C, C++,
Java, Python, Matlab, Digital Image Processing, Digital Signal Processing, VHDL,
Verilog HDL, Mechatronics & Robotics. ULTISMART INFOTECH offers a Internship
training programs / Technical workshop for BE /MTech Engineering students both in
online or off-line at his Mysore Location. It is one of the leading Internship program /In-
Plant training providers / Technical Workshop's in the domain areas like

1. C, C++, Java & Python

2.AVR MCU with Arduino applications

3. Industrial Automation

4. Vehicular Automation

5. Robotic Automation
CHAPTER
2
ABOUT THE DEPARTMENT

About Cloude

we are using open source OS for different platform, for example Arduino OS used for
AVR MCU, NODE MCU 12-E ESP8266 and in ARM Cortex series for different domain
applications. In software Linux, different browser and Wamp Server & Google Chrome
for web apps development and web design development purpose. JDK, Tomcat, Android
OS...etc.

About the Founder

Mr.KRISHNA .G is the Founder, CEO & MD of ULTISMART INFOTECH LLP. His

basic qualification is Engineering in Electronic and Communication completed in 2000 in
Bangalore University also Masters in E-MBA and having more than 16+ years industry
experience in both hardware and in software. Executed more than 60 + technical
workshops on Embedded System and Projects Trained more than 4000+ Engineering
student from past 10+ years.

Organization Structure

ULTISMART INFOTECH is a startup company. An organizational structure is a system

that outlines how certain activities are directed in order to achieve the goals of an
organization. These activities can include rules, roles, and responsibilities. The
organizational structure also determines how information flows between levels within the
company.

Services Offered by the Company

IT Solutions, Sensor based Industrial Automation, Vehicular Automation, Automotive

Control and IIOT development. web app development, web design development, banking
staff support, placement services. etc
CHAPTER
3
SECONDARY DEPARTMENT
3.1 MECHATRONICS

Basic Definitions

The word, mechatronics, is composed of “mecha” from mechanism and the “tronics”
from electronics. In other words, technologies and developed products will be
incorporating electronics more and more into mechanisms, intimately and organically,
and making it impossible to tell where one ends and the other begins.

“The synergistic integration of mechanical engineering, with electronics and intelligent

computer control in the design and manufacturing of industrial products and processes”.

MECHATRONICS is a methodology used for the optimal design of electromechanical

products.

“A mechatronic system is not just a manage of electrical and mechanical systems and is
more than just a control system; it is a complete integration of all of them”.

All these definitions agree that mechatronics is an interdisciplinary field, in which the
following disciplines act together:

• Mechanical systems (mechanical elements, machines, precision mechanics)

• Electronic systems (microelectronics, power electronics, sensor and actuator

technology) and
• Information technology (systems theory, automation, software engineering, artifi¬cial
intelligence)

3.2. Key Elements of Mechatronics:

The study of mechatronic systems can be divided into the following areas of specialty:

1. Physical Systems Modeling

2. Sensors and Actuators

3. Signals and Systems

CHAPTER 4

INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION

Industrial Automation is a process of operating machines and other industrial equipment

with the help of digital logical programming and reducing human intervention in decision
making and manual command process with the help of mechanized equipment.

4.1 Motivation for Industrial Automation

The term Automation is coined by an Engineer from Ford Motor Company, who were
pioneers in industrial automation and manufacturing assembly line. In the beginning, the
industrial production process is based on the eyes, hands and brain of a worker, in
contrast to modern day sensors, actuators and computers.
Originally, the implementation of automation in a production process is focused on
replacing a human worker with an independent machine. Initially, these independent
machines had to be coordinated by a human supervisor for a smooth production process.
But with technological developments in analog and digital control systems,
microprocessors and PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers) and various sensors, it has
become very easy to synchronize several independent machines and processes and
achieve true industrial automation.
With the rise in industrial economy, the business strategies for industrial automation have
also changed over time. Now-a-days, the fundamental motivations for implementing
industrial automation are:
• Increase production
• Reducing cost, especially, human-related cost
• Improving the quality of the product
• Efficient use of raw materials
• Reduce energy consumption
• Increase business profits
There are a few secondary motivations for using automation in industrial production
process like providing a safe environment for the operator, reducing the environmental
pollution, etc.
4.2. Levels of Industrial Automation Process

There are several ways to describe the levels of an Industrial Automation Process, but the
simplest of all is the following hierarchical triangle of three level representation of a
typical Industrial Automation Application.

Supervisor Level:
Sitting at the top of hierarchy, the supervisor level usually consists of an Industrial PC,
which is usually available as a desktop PC or a Panel PC or a Rack-mounted PC. These
PCs run on standard operating systems with a special software, usually provided by the
supplier for industrial process control.

Control Level:
The Control Level is the mid-level in the hierarchy and this is the level where all the
automation related programs CHAPTER 5: are executed. For this purpose, generally,
Programmable Logic Controllers or PLCs are used, which provide real-time computing
capability.

Field Level:
The terminal equipment like Sensors and Actuators are categorized into Field Level in the
hierarchy. The sensors like temperature, optical, pressure etc. and actuators like motors,
valves, switches etc. are interfaced to a PLC through a field bus and the communication
between a Field Level device and its corresponding PLC is usually based on a point.
CHAPTER 5

ULTRASONIC SENSOR DETECTION

Ultrasonic Sensor :

An ultrasonic sensor is an electronic device that measures the distance of a target object
by emitting ultrasonic sound waves, and converts the reflected sound into an electrical
signal. Ultrasonic waves travel faster than the speed of audible sound (i.e. the sound that
humans can hear).
How far can Senix ultrasonic sensors measure? The maximum range of our products is
presently 20 meters (about 70 feet) and varies by model. The distance at which an object
is detected depends on its size, shape and orientation.

Ultrasonic Detection – Basics & Application

Ultrasonic detection is most commonly used in industrial applications to detect hidden
tracks, discontinuities in metals, composites, plastics, ceramics, and for water level
detection. For this purpose, the laws of physics which are indicating the propagation of
sound waves through solid materials have been used since ultrasonic sensors using sound
instead of light for detection.

What is the principle of Ultrasonic Detection?

Sound is a mechanical wave traveling through the mediums, which may be a solid, or
liquid or gas. Sound waves can travel through the mediums with specific velocity depends
on the medium of propagation. The sound waves which are having high frequency reflect
from boundaries and produce distinctive echo patterns.
 Applications involving Ultrasonic detection:

• Ultrasonic Distance Measurement

Ultrasonic sensors are used for distance measuring applications. These gadgets regularly
transmit a short burst of ultrasonic sound to a target, which reflects the sound back to the
sensor. The system then measures the time for the echo to return to the sensor and
computes the distance to the target using the speed of sound within the medium.

• Fire Sensore

This fire sensor in the circuit exploits the temperature sensing property of an ordinary
signal diode IN 34 to detect heat from fire. At the moment it senses heat, a loud alarm
simulating that of Fire brigade will be produced. The circuit is too sensitive and can
detect a rise in temperature of 10 degree or more in its vicinity.
CHAPTER 6

PRACTICAL WORKS
AVR Microcontroller Development Board Test

Auto Alert Unit During Emergency in all Vehicles or in Industries

CHAPTER 7

AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE FOR RAILWAY TRACK

DETECTION AND OBSTACLE DETECTION
WITH AUTO CONYTROLE

Abstract

In the fast developing country, people are facing many accidents; it would be undesirable
for any nation to losing their life for unwanted cause. Railways are one of the important
transports in India. There is a need for manual checking to detect the crack on railway
track and always railway personnel takes care of this issue, even though the ins2pection is
made regularly. Sometimes the crack may un notice. Because of this the train accident or
derailment may occur. In order to avoid this situation and automate the railway crack
detection has been proposed. Here ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the crack in the
railway track by measuring distance from track to sensor, if the distance is greater than
the assigned value the microcontroller identifies there is a crack, also it tells the exact
location of the crack by the formula “DISTANCE=SPEED*TIME”. While the checking
process is going on, the train may approach, it is identified by the vibration sensor and
gives alert to the microcontroller, thereby shrinks the size of the robot between the two
tracks. After the train has crossed it returns to its normal position and continue its
checking process. This system checks the continuity of the track and allows the train to go
further. If there is any discontinuity in the track, immediately sends the signal to control
room and not allow the train to go further, and it is designed with AVR microcontroller.
7.1. Introduction of the project

Transport is a key necessity for specialization that allows production and consumption of
products to occur at different locations. Transport has throughout history been a spur to
expansion as better transport leads to more trade. Economic prosperity has always been
dependent on increasing the capacity and rationality of transport. But the infrastructure
and Operation of transport has a great impact on the land and is the largest drainer of
energy, making transport sustainability and safety a major issue.
In India, we find that rail transport occupies a prominent position in providing the
necessary transport infrastructure to sustain and quench the ever-burgeoning needs of a
rapidly growing economy. Today, India possesses the fourth largest railway network in
the world.
CHAPTER 8
A PROTOTYPE AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE FOR
RAILWAY TRACK CHECKING AND OBJECT DETECTION
WITH AUTO CONTROL

Railway track side:

Indication unit

Bluetooth
Microcontroller AVR

Serial Communication Device ROBOTIC MOTOR DRIVER 1 M 1

TRACK SENSOR 1
ROBOTIC MOTOR DRIVER 2 M 2

TRACK SENSOR 2

Alarm or Buzzer

12 V DC
Battery
 Railway station side:

This project embedded based railway track discontinuity detection system mainly aimed
to provide a detection system for railway track. This system checks the continuity of the
track and allows the train to go further. If there is any discontinuity in the track, this
system immediately sends the signal to control room and would not allow the train to go
further. This system is designed with AVR microcontroller.

Ultrasonic Transducers:
Ultrasonic transducers are transducers that convert ultrasound waves to electrical signals
or vice versa. Those that both transmit and receive may also be called ultrasound
transceivers; many ultrasound sensors besides being sensors are indeed transceivers
because they can both sense and transmit. These devices work on a principle similar to
that of transducers used in radar and sonar systems, which evaluate attributes of a target
by interpreting the echoes from radio or sound waves, respectively. Active ultrasonic
sensors generate high-frequency sound waves and evaluate the echo which is received
back by the sensor, measuring the time interval between sending the signal and receiving
the echo to determine the distance to an object. Passive ultrasonic sensors are basically
microphones that detect ultrasonic noise that is present under certain conditions, convert
it to an electrical signal, and report it to a computer.
Ultrasonic probes and ultrasonic baths are used apply sound energy to agitate particles in
a wide range of laboratory applications;
CHAPTER 9

ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS

Ultrasonic transducers are transducers that convert ultrasound waves to electrical signals
or vice versa. Those that both transmit and receive may also be called ultrasound
transceivers; many ultrasound sensors besides being sensors are indeed transceivers
because they can both sense and transmit. These devices work on a principle similar to
that of transducers used in radar and sonar systems, which evaluate attributes of a target
by interpreting the echoes from radio or sound waves, respectively. Active ultrasonic
sensors generate high-frequency sound waves and evaluate the echo which is received
back by the sensor, measuring the time interval between sending the signal and receiving
the echo to determine the distance to an object. Passive ultrasonic sensors are basically
microphones that detect ultrasonic noise that is present under certain conditions, convert
it to an electrical signal, and report it to a computer.
Ultrasonic probes and ultrasonic baths are used apply sound energy to agitate particles in
a wide range of laboratory applications;

HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor is a popular and low cost solution for non-contact
distance measurement function. It is able to measure distances from 2cm to 400cm with
an accuracy of about 3mm. This module includes ultrasonic transmitter, ultrasonic
receiver and its control circuit.

AVR Microcontroller :

Advanced Virtual RISC Microcontroller. It is high performance, low power CMOS, 8-bit
AVR Microcontroller. The device is manufactured using ATMELS non-volatile memory
technology. The AVR is a modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC single chip
microcontroller which was developed by Atmel in 1996. The AVR was one of the first
microcontroller families to use on-chip flash memory for program storage, as opposed to
one-time programmable ROM,EPROM, or EEPROM used by other microcontrollers at
the time. AVR Microcontroller is master of our project. It controls & monitors all the
devices at a time.
Track Sensor1 & Track Sensor2: The ultrasonic transducer is used to detect the crack of
the track.
Motor Switching & driver Circuit: Motor switching and driver circuits are used to drive
the motor. Switching circuit is used provides efficient switching and relay driver board is
used to drive the motor. 12v relay is used. A relay is an electrically operated switch.
Many relays use an electromagnet to mechanically operate a switch, but other operating
principles are also used, such as solid-state relays. Relays are used where it is necessary
to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between
control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one
signal. Buzzer circuit: A buzzer or beeper is a signaling device, usually electronic,
typically used in automobiles, household appliances such as a microwave oven, or game
shows. Here it is used as alert unit during discontinuity of the track or object detection
during train movement.

DC Power Supply:

Here 12 V dc power supply i:e rechargeable battery is used to drive the vehicle.
Indication Unit: which is used to indicate the train is moving safely or not. The red light
will indicate the train is in risk & green light will indicate the train is safe.
Hardware Requirements:
SL NO COMPONANTS NO OF QUANTITY
1 AVR Micro Controller device 1
2 Track Sensor 2
3 Bluetooth Device 1
4 Serial Communication Device 1
5 Robotic Motor 1
6 Robotic Motor 2 1
7 Robotics Set up Mechanical Part 1
8 Objective Detection Sensor 1
9 Alarm 1
10 12 V DC Power Supply 1
11 Smart Phone 1
CHAPTER 10

APPLICATIONS AND ADVANTAGES

Applications

 It can be used in railways side.

 It can be used in fault detection areas in robots.

Advantages

 Automatic detection and control

 Reduces man power

 Easy to maintain

 User Friendly

 Save time and money

 Low cost

 Save human life from accident

 Reprogrammable.. . .etc
CHAPTER 10

PROJECT OUTCOMES

* The upgradation of an embedded system and control of appliances from internet.

* To controle and monitary the machines using blynk application by lo T .

* To develop a python dashboard for real time applications.

* Phyton image processing to detect the objects.