Name: Molla Tashrif Hossain

ID: 1725040060

Citizenship Business
Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they
are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle as permanent
residents or naturalized citizens.

Citizenship Business is a business where a country sells Immigration visa. It is the idea where
foreign investor entrepreneurs who want to relocate to another country with their immediate
families, can buy an established business or launch a new business in their second country.

As for economic effects, research suggests that migration is beneficial both to the receiving
and sending countries. Research, with few exceptions, finds that immigration on average has
positive economic effects on the native population, but is mixed as to whether low-skilled
immigration adversely affects low-skilled natives.

Regional Factors for Immigration

Regional factors contribute to immigrants’ selection of a specific host country. The prospects
for employment, wage rate, standard of living, and immigration laws all contribute to
relocation decisions. Examples of immigration patterns in certain countries help to illustrate
how specific factors influence immigration numbers worldwide.

Europe: Immigrants helped to rebuild and repopulate Europe after World War II. In 2005
Europe experienced an overall net gain of 1.8 million people from immigration. This
accounted for almost 85% of Europe’s total population growth that year. In 2010, according
to Eurostat, there were 47.3 million immigrants living throughout Europe, which accounted
for 9.4% of the total population; Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, and the
Netherlands experienced the highest immigration rates.

Japan: Japan had strict immigration policies, but in the early 1990’s, issues such as low birth
rates and an aging work force caused the country to reevaluate its laws. It is estimated that the
number of foreign residents living in Japan in 2008 was more than 2.2 million. The largest
groups of immigrants were from Korea, China, and Brazil.
Mexico: Mexico does experience large numbers of immigrants crossing over the Guatemalan
border, but many of these individuals enter illegally and get deported. There were an
estimated 200,000 undocumented immigrants in Mexico in 2005 alone. Mexico is also the
leading country for migrants moving to the United States. The tighter immigration laws have
made immigrating to the U.S. from Mexico very challenging. Many Mexican immigrants
enter and live in the U.S. illegally.

United States: Factors that influence immigration to the U.S. include family reunification,
employment opportunities, and humanitarian needs. When President Bill Clinton was in
office, the U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform sought to limit legal immigration to
about 550,000 people a year. Immigration has remained a heavily debated issue since then.
U.S. borders have tightened in recent years to help control illegal immigration. It was
documented in 2010 that 1 million immigrants obtained legal permanent resident status for
that year.

Countries Offer Citizenship Visa

United Kingdom – Innovator Visa. Requirements include a knowledge of English, at least

£50,000 to invest, a valid passport, a business plan and at least £945 in your bank account for
90 consecutive days before you apply. The Visa is good for 3 years and it is renewable.

United Kingdom – Start-up Visa. You can apply for a Start-up Visa if you are endorsed by a
UK higher education institution or a business with a history of supporting UK entrepreneurs.
You must be at least 18 years old, speak English, and be able to prove that you can support
yourself with at least £945 in your bank account for 90 consecutive days before you apply.
This is a 2-year visa and it is not renewable.

Denmark – Start-up Denmark. Requirements include that your business idea must be
approved by the government, proof that you can support yourself during the first full year,
and you must participate actively in the management of the business.

Sweden – Residence Permits for the Self-employed. Requirements include that you have
experience in the business in which you intend to invest, knowledge of Swedish or English,
that you will be running the business, and a capital investment of SEK 200,000 for you, SEK
100,000 for your spouse, and SEK 50,000 for each accompanying child.
Ireland – Start-up Entrepreneur Program. Requirements include proof that your business has
“high potential…in the innovation economy” and that you have access to €75,000 of funding.

Singapore – EntrePass. Requirements include a valid passport, past employment testimonials

in English, a business plan, and $50,000 on deposit in a Singapore-based bank account.

New Zealand – Entrepreneur Work Visa. Many detailed requirements must be met to qualify
for this visa. The big ones include that you have minimum capital of NZ$100,000 and a
business plan. Check out Sections L and O first.

Australia – Investors & Entrepreneurs Visa. There are 3 types of visas, and all require a
substantial investment in capital and many other requirements including a business plan.

Germany – Entrepreneur Visa for Germany. “Entrepreneurs must have a strong Business
Plan with a superior economic motive.” Other requirements include sufficient capital and past
entrepreneurial experience and success. The government insists that there is “no threshold
investment,” although €250,000 is recommended.

Finland – Entrepreneur’s Residence Permit. “If you want to work as an entrepreneur in

Finland, you will need an entrepreneur’s residence permit. If you do not have a permanent
residence in Finland or elsewhere in the EEA area, you must register your business
operations in the Trade Register of the Finnish Patent and Registration Office before applying
for an entrepreneur’s residence permit.”

Spain – Entrepreneur Visa Program. There are two visa possibilities under the new laws – an
entrepreneur visa (one year) and an entrepreneur residency authorization (two years annually
renewable) that can extend the time you’re allowed in the country. Both options allow
citizens from non-EU countries the opportunity to start and build a business while living in
Spain.

Portugal – Startup Visa. StartUP Visa is a residence visa for entrepreneurs, which aims to
attract investment, talent, and innovation to Portugal. This is one of the most innovative
entrepreneurship programs across Europe that is attracting international talent.

References:

https://startupswb.com/startup-visa-heres-15-countries-that-offer-the-startup-visa-to-foreign-
entrepreneurs.html

https://www.caycon.com/blog/2017/02/these-countries-offer-visas-for-entrepreneurs
https://www.investopedia.com/articles/personal-finance/121214/developed-countries-easy-
residencycitizenship.asp